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A
Santali-English
DICTIONARY.
BY
A. CAMPBELL,
FREE CHUECH OF SCOTLAND SANTAL MISSION.
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED AT
THE SANTAL MISSION PRESS.
POKHURIA, MANBHUBI,
INDIA.
1899.
E.M,
.J r.o,, Calcutta!
PREFACE.
fHE Santali language is spoken by almost a million and a half of people,
who are mainly found distributed over a strip of Bengal extending for
about 350 miles from the Ganges to the Baitarni, bisected by the meridian
of Bhagalpur, or 87° east longitude, and comprising the following districts : —
Bhagalpur, Monghyr, the Santal Pargannas, Birbhum, Bankura, Hazaribagh,
Manbhum, Midnapur, Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj and Balasore.
Santali belongs to the Munda or Kolarlan family of languages, and has
reached a much higher stage of development than any other language or dia-
lect of the family to which it belongs. It is spoken with little variation in
pronunciation or idiom over the greater part of the above-mentioned area.
Northern Santali, or that spoken in Bhagalpur, Monghyr, the Santal
Pargannas, Birbhum, Bankura, Hazaribagh and Manbhum, is the lan-
guage of an overwhelming majority of the tribe, and is more polished, than
Southern Santali. The former is, therefore, regarded as the Standard, and
Southern Santali, or that spoken in the remaining districts, as a dialect,
or, possibly, a group of dialects of it.
There being at present no Dictionary of the Santali language, while
many Government Officers, Missionaries and Planters feel the want of one,
there would seem to be a need for the present work, even although it be
very imperfect. Puxley's Vocabulary, which was a useful help to the
knowledge of Santali, has been long out of print
Most Dictionaries indicate what parts of speech the words are, but in
Santali it is impossible to do this in the case of the great bulk of the words.
Consequently, in the few instances in which it might have been done, it has
not been thought worth while doing so in this Dictionary. The form in which
the words appear is the Root, and only the Root idea is, in most instances,
•given. A slight knowledge of the Grammar of Santali will enable those
consulting the Dictionary to deduce the meanings of the different forms in
which the.root appears, whether noun, adjective, verb, adverb, &e. Greater
fulness of detail could have been given only in a very bulky volume, and, as
Santali is regular in its method of dealing with the Root, no real advantage
would have been gained.
( n )
The Examples given are intended to shew the more common use of the
words, and have been selected with great care. A few of them illustrate
the use of words in proverbs, saws, maxims, &c. These have been given,
as affording some insight into the mental characteristics of the Santals,
and it is hoped that, by their means, students of Santali may become better
acquainted with the people whose language they are studying. In some
instances, rather lengthy references to customs, festivals, &c., have been
made, but, as the work was intended as a help, not merely to a knowledge of
the language, but also to a knowledge of the people, such references were
unavoidable. In the case of particles, in which Santali is very rich, and
which often baffle translation, it is hoped that the illustrative examples
will be appreciated.
In the present work no attempt has been made to distinguish between
words of Kolarian origin and those adopted from other sources. With our
present knowledge of the non-Aryan languages of India, living or dead,
which have influenced the present Snatali vocabulary, any such attempt
would have been mere guess work, and would have served no practical
purpose. The source of words of Aryan origin might have been indicated,
but uniformity forbad it. All words, whencesoever derived, that are in
common use among Santals, have been, as far as possible, included.
Santali has been affected more or less by all the languages with which
it has come into contact, and possesses a remarkable power of naturalising
words of foreign origin. Next to the Bihari dialects, Bengali has of late
years had most influence upon it. So strongly, indeed, do Bihari and
Bengali affect Santali at present that there is produced a slight dia-
lectic difference between the Santali of Bihari and the Santali of Bengali
districts. Words with the short inherent vowel, adopted by Santali from
Bihari, retain the short a sound, those adopted from Bengali retain the
short sound. This dialectic difference accounts for the different ways
of spelling the same word which often occur.
Santali not possessing an alphabet of its own, the Roman character has
been adapted to it. This, with signs over, or under, certain letters, to denote
soLmds differing from those which these letters have in English, suits the
language extremely well. There are two different modes of representing
two sounds which are current in Santali printed books, and, as users' of the
Dictionary may read books of both kinds, an explanation seems necessary.
These two sounds are represented in the present work by Ic and c. They
are otherwise represented by ', and : . Thus amaJc = ama', and amic = ami:.
For the sounds of the letters used in Romanised Santali, Skrefsrud's San-
tali Grammar may be consulted. It may, however, be noted that c is
soft as rji in change.
( iii )
The order of the letters in the English Alphabet luvs been adhered to
in this Dictionary. To avoid confusion, no distinction, so far as order is
concerned, has been made between letters having signs under or over them,
and the corresponding unmarked letters. The letter n is, however, an
exception to this rule. It is regarded as equivalent to ng, and always
occupies the same place in the sequence of letters as ng in an English
Dictionary.
This work does not profess to contain a complete list of the words used
in Santali, but it is believed that the most of them have been recorded.
Thanks are due to the Government of Bengal, which, through the Direc-
tor of Public Instruction, has assisted the publication of this Dictionary
by a generous grant towards the expense of printing.
The Compiler gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance rendered
in the work of preparing the Dictionary by the following gentlemen — his
colleagues in the Free Church of Scotland Santal Mission — Dr. J. A. Dyer,
Dr. J. M. Macphail, and the Rev. W. E. White. The time and labour
devoted to the work by Mr. White, (who, besides help given all through,
placed a large quantity of valubale MSS. at the disposal of the compiler,)
demand special recognition and thanks, which are hereby heartily accorded.
Abbreviations.
M.
Masculine.
F.
Feminine.
Cor.
Corruption.
Met.
Metaphorically.
SANTALI-ENGLISH
Dictionary.
A
Abuk
A. A privative prefix much used in
Sant;ili, signifying not, without.
A-dhorom, a-lekha
A. A prefix vnth causative significa-
tion.
A-liu, a-jo, a-S6n.
1. Yes.
A a. Grunt of buffalo.
Abad. Cultivation, harvest.
Abad dare. Troo yielding produce.
Abar. To cry peevishlj' for some thing,
as a child.
Geie abafkedaP What does he wantP
Abe tabe. Just at the time of
Abe tabe aimral! . Juat about oock-crow
Abe tabeakanae. He is at the point of death.
Aben. You two.
There is also a ourious use of the dual, when
only one person is in question. A man and his
"wife use the dual to their respective fathers-in-
law, mothers-in-law, elder brothere-inlaw, and
sisters-in-law, and vice versa, e.g. A man will say
to his father-in-law CalaEben, instead of CalaK-
me. Cf. abo for curious use of the plural.
Aber. Out of season, late, behind hand.
Abga. Almost all, the greater part,
with few exceptions.
Nunal^iii kamikefireho abga pel^ei odohena. Al-
though I have laboured so much little else
than chaff is the result.
Noa oaole do abga dhurigea. This rice is near-
ly all dust.
Noko hor abga kombro kanako. The majority
of them are thieves.
Abga taka menaUtaea. He has more rupees
(than pioo).
Abga horge menaKkoa. Santals are in the ma-
jority (in this village).
Abge. (1) Sacred to the males of the
household. (2) Stingy, selfish.
Abge boiiga. One of the Santal family deities,
virtually the deity of the males of the family,
as they only can partake of what has been
oiieredtoitin sacrifice .
Nui bhedaA abgeakadea. I have set this ram
apart as a sacrifice for the males of the house-
hold.
Amem jom abgekeda. Ton ate most of it your-
self, (as if it had been an abge ofiering.)
Abgun. To injure oneself by over-
eating.
Jom abgunenae. He injured himself by eating
too much.
Abhagia. Unfortunate, unlucky.
Abher. A moment of time.
Mit' abhefili calao liogoka. I will go for a
Utile.
Abhra. A natural pond or tank.
Abhran. An ornament, jewelry, to be
decked with jewelry, &c.
Abhu cabhu. Perplexed, confused, not
knov/ing what to do.
Abjos. Unfortunate, unlucky, ill for-
tune, bad luck.
Abjos alo bare hoyoKma. jos baye hoyolhna.
Abjos do alom h^^ra, jos biife h^rme.
Ablakha. Spotted.
Abo, abon. We, including person ad-
dressed, I and you, we and you.
opp. to ale — I and they.
There is also a curious use of the plural when
only one person is in question. Fathers-in-law
and mothers-in-law use the plural to each other,
though addressing only one person.
e. g. Thehusband's father says to wife'sfather
calalfale, instead of oalaRaJi, and calak'pe in-
stead of calr^k'me, also calaKale, orcalakabo, al-
though only the speaker is going away. This
usage is also observed among certain relations
of the parents-in-law.
Abod. Young, ignorant.
Abol. V/eak, without strength.
Abola. Dumb, unable to speak for one-
self, as a child.
Abosta. To waste, to be injured, or
spoiled.
Horobeleena, Bamtaohodkhanem,ohoabostalena.
The dha.n is ripe if you house it quickly it will
not be injured.
Abot. Not broken to work, untamed.
Abuk, (abukok)\to wash hands and feet,
Abuii, (abudok)J also hands and mouth
after eating.
Abiili cabuK
[ 2 ]
Ada
Diatinguiah between —
Ap (abok') to wash whole face.
Abuk (abukoS) to wash hands and feet,
Ti jahgaabukolinie. Wash your hands andfeet.
Bin abuk tite. With unwashen hands.
Abuli cabuU. Here and there.
Abuti. Cf. abuk.
Ac. himself.
Acak, ajaK, ajah, acren. His own.
Ac kathae. Namely, that is, as they say.
Akoge ad kathae khub akilan lekako badaeoka.
They are wise in their own conceits.
Ac kathaeye dargodleka. As if he were to flee.
Ac. Heat, flame, stifling heat.
Bhatha reak' ac do eyae dobor dahhgao ju-
iijpe. Increase the heat of the furnace
seven times.
5.caK Jie. Increase the heat (by stirring the fire,
or putting on more fuel.)
Noa orakre adi horko tahelenkhan ac bako
aahaoa. If men are crowded into this house,
they will be stifled with the heat.
Acar. Usage, customs, rites.
AcaroU. To make rules of conduct for
oneself regardmg defilement in
food.
Acar beohar. Customs, usages, conduct.
Bohgak hor adi ut^r acar beohar menaktakoa.
Acar bicar. To institute customs, rules
of conduct, &c., to legislate, to.
judge.
Abo ge tho bhai nunal^bo acarke6 bicarkeda, noa
reah sat cekatebo fielap
We have passed all these laws how shall we know
that they have the divine sanction P
Acbic. To despise, to loathe (on ac-
count of ceremonial, or other defile-
ment).
Cele ho babo acbicakoa. We regard none as
unclean (ceremonially.)
Ac bole. Cf ac kathae.
. ^ ,' , Wealth, abundance, splen-
Acel pacel. r i .
Acer pacer. J
Ehubekisara, acel pacel jomal^ menal^taea. He
is very rich, and has abundance of food.
Acet. Unconscious.
Achal garijal. To rain heavily, to pour.
TeheA do achal gaiijale dakatbona. It rained
very heavily to-day.
Achar. A heavy shower of rain.
Mil; achare daKkeda. There was one good
shower of rain.
Achia. Opening on top of chulha for pot.
Mit achia. Chulha with one opening.
Bar achia. Two openings.
Achim. To sneeze.
Achimkedae. He sneezed.
Acir pacir. ] A large homestead sur-
r. lA
3r. J ro
Acer pacer, j rounded by a wall.
Acir pacir orak menaktaea. He has a large
homestead surrounded by a wall.
Achok. Unclean feeding, low, eating
anything.
Achok j9.t kanae. He is of low caste.
Achra. To sow rice for transplanting
in low moist land, which has been
ploughed and harrowed.
Achra aphor — is seed sown thick on surface
after having been steeped till it germinates.
Dhuri aphor — is seed sown on high lands, which
have been ploughed, but not harrowed.
The seedlings when in the ground are called
aphor, when pulled up for transplanting
gachi.
Acka \ Suddenly, without warn-
Ackamar J ing.
Acok. Suddenly, without warning.
Acraeli bodga. A spirit supposed to
preside over the interests of the
parents of a maLrried woman. If she surrep-
titiously carries away any thing from the
house of her parents to her own home the
Acraeli boiga accompanies the goods, what-
ever they may be, and makes his presence
and displeasure felt by bringing sickness,
death, &c. upon the household. To propitiate
him and induce him to return to his own
domain is a work of some difficulty, involv-
ing, at times, rather costly sacrifices.
Acu. To hire, to engage, to employ.
Acu hor. One hired
Akcu hor. An employer.
Acukoali. I will hire them.
Acur. To turn, to return, to tiu'n round,
to go round, to revolve.
M.et acurok lekaii aikaueda. I feel dizzy.
A4i acur hor. A very winding path.
Acurol^ dinte. This time next year.
AcurokBudh. Next Wednesday.
Acur bihur. Backwards and forwards,
hither and thither, over and over
again.
Noakore acur bihur baraekanae. He is wander-
ing about here.
Acur bihure roreda ina kathage. He is al-
ways coming over the same subject.
Ad. Cf adh.
Admarua half-dead.
Ad. The beginning.
Ad call. Original customs.
Ad. \To give shelter, protection, to
Od. /take refuge.
Adok lagife nir calaoena. He ran for shelter.
Diuhe a5kate aguime — protecting it from wind .
Sate adre. Under shelter of the eaves.
Siair odre. Shelter from the dew.
Ada. \Undried ginger, {Zingiber offici-
Adhe. f nale Roscoe.
Ada
[ 3 ]
Adhi
Ada. To season, especially with salt,
diffuse throughout, impi'egnate
with safiiciently, to suffice.
TJture buluii adaakona se bail P Is the relish
properly salteil.
Biihin bah adalena. The salt did not snifioe,
(waa not in sufficient quantity.)
Snnnm bail adalentilia. There waa not enough
oil for my piu-pose.
Noa dorhare hap bail adalente hako bako arma-
raolena. This pool has not been sufficient-
ly poisoned, and so the iish were not over-
powered.
Ada. To take cattle to mid-day resting
place, the place where cattle rest
at mid-day, a group, a herd.
A(Ja t^ndi. The place were the a^a is situated,
generally a level piece of ground outside of
the village where shelter from the sun can
be obtained.
AiJakoaA. I will take them to the resting
place.
Mit acjako dukana. They went in one detach-
ment.
Adakateko calak'a. They will go as one herd.
Ada. Tassar silkworms.
Ada adi. Not on speaking terms, at
enmity.
Ada a(}iakanakui. They are not on speaking
terms.
Ada bari. The place where Tassar silk
•^yornis {Anther CE(( myliita) arere-
ared, generally a grove of Atnak
tTees{Termin nl ia tomen to><a Lin -ih.)
Ada barire menaea.
Ada bariedae. He is tending tassar silk worms.
Adagathia. A common grass, Pani-
cum repens, Linn.
Adai badai. To be proud, arrogant,
bumptious.
Ad?.l badgiiefkanae. He is fastidious, (will not
take what is offered him.)
Adai. (1) To give back, repay, to re-
fund.
(2) To collect money &c due, to exact.
(1) UniaJ rin takai'i adaikatitaea. I discharged
my debt to him.
(2) Ein taka uni then Ichon ill adaia. I will
realize from him the money lent.
Adalot, (adalat). Court, kacahari.
Maraii adalot. High court (Haekot)
Bewani ,, Civil court.
iJaddari , , Criminal court.
Adar, (adar danra). A Brahmini bull, a
bull kept for breeding purposes,
and not put to work.
Adar odor. Fat and naked, overgrown,
unwieldy.
Adar odore calaoena. He waddled away.
Adar udur. C£ ailar odor,
Adat\Under age, unfit for vvoik, aiii-
UdatJ mais not begun to lose their
milk teeth.
Adauri. A prepai-ati(m made from pulse
and condiments.
Adawa. Cf adwa.
Adepase. Neighbo\u-hood, near.
Acjepase renko. Neighbours.
Ader. To put in, to bring in, to intro-
duce.
Ka(}a aderkom. House the buffaloes.
Kathaye aderadea. He introduced the subject
to him.
Ade tola. Neighbourhood, vicinage.
Ade tolarenko. Neighbours.
Aclger. To go off, to disappear, to keep
out of sight, to keeji out of the way.
Okate coe adgerakana. He has disappeared
somewhere.
Sen a<Jgerakanako kami hor do, bako aktaoE-
kana. The workmen have cleaa-ed off, they
are not in a hurry.
Adh. 1 A prefix, used largely in Santali
Ad. J signifying half.
Adh bg.isu. Of middle age.
Adh marwa. Half-dead.
Adha. Half
Adha ndhi. Half and half.
Kami adha adhilenkhan. When the work is half
done.
Adha adhiko rohooaVada. They have got half
through with their planting.
Adha padha. Unfinished, to scamp
work.
Adha padhape kamiakada. Ton have not done
the work thoroughly.
Adhaia. Two and a half
Adhar. Fodder, food, (seldom used of
man) ; to be satisfied.
Adhar banulttakoa. They (animals) have no
food.
TJni hor unake jomeiJreho, bae adharokkana.
The man although he eats so much is not satisfied
Adhe. Cf ada.
Adhek. Cf adha.
Adhela. A half pice.
Barea adhelare mit' poesa hoyoka. Two half
pice make one pice.
Adher. Past prime, getting old.
Bae adherentaea, nui gai do. This cow is get-
ting old.
Adher kicrio. Old cloth.
Adhi. To lessen, to shorten, to reduce.
Adhiket'leae. He lessened our numbers.
i)iil g.dhime. ^ Pour out half.
Meromko goo g-dhientaea. Many of his goats
have died.
Adhkhccra
[ 4 ]
Ae.san
Adhkhecra. Imperfect, carelessly per-
formed, scamped.
Adhorom. Unrighteous, unholy, impure.
Adhon madhon. To sell at a sacrifice,
below value, for anything.
Seare swjion ina(Jhoii iii akriii gidiksda. At last
I sold it for what I could get.
Adhuli. An 8 anna piece.
Adi (ari, udi, adi utar, aema, adi adi,
adi okoc), much, many, very, a long
time.
A4i Jhorko. Many men.
4-^i ho jo. Iiluoh rice.
Adi nig.ila. Very dii-ty.
Aijireya oalaoena. He went away a long while ago
(to-dn.y).
Ai?i diureyo oalaoena. He went away many
days ago.
M}i aetaKro. Very early in the morning.
Adi gh^ri enea, Only after a very long time.
Ad Kisku. A sub-sept of the sept
Kisku(Cf.)
Adin. Out of season, out of date, late.
Adin din rem metadiiia. Tou spoke to me out
01 season.
Adkar. One half.
Adnakha. One half.
Ado. Moreover, and, so, then.
Ado. To urinate.
Adoli. To disregard an order, to slight
a command.
Hukum adolikedae. He disregarded the order.
Adorn. Some, some... others.
Adorn doko oalaoena, ar adom dobo taheena.
Some went away, and others stayed.
Adop. To be contumacious, to be recal-
citrant, to be recusant,
Uni dol^ dalledereh50 adopet kana, arh5 jarurgel^.
dalea. Although I have beaten him, "he is
still contumaoious, I shall certainly beat
him again.
Adopia. Contumacious, recalcitrant,
unsubmissive, recusant, blustering.
Ador. Pride ; to sulk.
Uni do krsar i?.fce 9.di adorotgeae. He is proud
because he is rich.
Uni gidi;a bail hewekante adoro^kanae. The
child is sulking because I do not take it up.
AdoroK. To put off, to put off under
vain pretences, to procrastinate, to
be unsatisfied, as one who refuses
to work for a certain wage.
Adpakolia. Weak, feeble, fusionless, of
premature birth.
Adpakolia,geae, bamire bae dheja. He is feeble
and can't do his work.
Adrao, (arrao). To bellow.
Ifada a ako arraoa.
Adwa. To huisk without boiling, husked
vi^ithout being previously boiled,
not tattooed.
Adwa horo.
Adwa cfiole.
Adwa hor. Not tattooed.
Nui hor doe adwo^gea This man is not tattooed.
Adwati. Ill will, enmity.
Ae. Measure ; to calculate.
Beaeteye jomeda. Ho eats without stint.
Dak a^i haraena, ninaU ae menaSa, dani^at^
hotolite. The water has risen greatly, it
reaches to the waist and to the neck.
As lUnaccustomed, raw, stupid,
AebahaJ unpractised, untrained, un-
inured, sensitive to touch.
Cele nui aebahaya ; fchg-ri agiiiii metaekan khan,
chipiye aguadkan. What a stupid he is ! If
I tell him to bring a plate, be brings me a,
bowl.
Aedari. C£ aidari.
Aedhon. Not full grown, as bullock,
cow, &c., promising profit, in-
creasing in value.
Nui do aedhon mal kanae. This is property that
will increase in value.
Aedhor. A system of cultivation in
which the cultivator supplies only
the labour, and receives one third
share of the produce.
Aedhori. The person who cultivates
on the aedhor system.
Aege. An exclamation of surprise, fear,
or pain.
Aege ! bejae ul joabana. O ! what a quantity
of mangoes (on the tree.)
Aege ! 9.di a^teii liurena. Dear me ! I have fall-
en heavily.
Aekom. InefiScient, inexperienced.
Aelo gaelo. To keep out of the way,
to hide,
Kami botorte aelo gaelo baraeae. He hides here
and there to avoid work.
Aema. many.
Aenom. Lamp black applied to the
eyelids.
Aenom kajar. Box and aenoTn
Kajraoti. Box for holding aenom.
Aesan. \To attempt (often with reitera-
Aisan, J tion of verb.)
OndeA sen sen aesankada. I repeatedly attemp-
ted to go there.
Ce^ oet' aesankadaii, baA aei dareada. I repeat-
edly tried to learn, but could not.
Laga laga aesankadeail. I tried to drive him off.
Act
[ 5 ]
Ahibahi
Aet (ayat). Verse.
Aeui. To whine, as a whelp.
Ae upai. Result, gain.
TinaKom ae xip^iiaCkan, ona leka khoroome.
Spend aooording to your income.
Aga. To exaggerate, to magnify, to
over colour.
Alom agawatia, baiikhan tayomtei5 ruheCkeina
Do not exag-gerate to me, or else I shall scold
you afterwards.
Agad. To add to, change the size,
increase the size.
Sim^o agadkhan ku(Jite po paromae. If he
enlarges the boundary, he will hoe across
(the old line.)
Taiga, agad marah lioggeae kutamkate. He will
beat the axe oat a little larger.
Noa ohnri agad oooeme. Make this knife bigger.
Ehetko agada. They will enlarge the field.
Agam. ") T^ ,
A|ami.l ^"*''"^-
Agamgar. Given up for the nonce to
feasting and merriment.
Teheri dole agamggirakana. We are given up for
the nonce to feasting and merriment.
Agardigar. To violate, set at naught,
infringe.
Tayom daram alope agar <Iigartabona. Do not
violate this (arrangement) in the future.
Agar ogor. Fat and short, dumpy.
Uni sukri agar ogore d^iya.
Agast. The month August.
Agdhao"! To delay, to put off, to tem-
Aghrao 1- porise, to postpone, to de-
AkdhaoJ fer, to dally, to be stub-
born, to be obstinate.
Alom agdhaoEa, calfiokate agu hodme.
Don't dally, go and bring it at once.
Mahajon ^diko aghraoKa,5bako emoKa.
The money lenders keep putting you off, they
won't give.
Ager. \ One row of thatch round the
Agre. J roof
AghaM. To be satiated, to be satisfied.
Aghar. The eighth Hindu month,
Aghan, November — December.
Aghi. Interest in kind, generally paid
in Aghan. C£ Aghar.
Horo belelenkhan more p^tila aighi emaiiam.
When the dhan ripens you will give me five
pailas of dhan as interest.
Aghorni. A pool of water, a deep pool
at a bend in a river, or stream.
Aghrao. Ct. agdhao.
Agil. To load heavily in front, heavy
in the fore quarters.
Agil bh^ri sadom. A horse high in the withers.
Aglagwa banduk. Gun fired by a fuse.
Aglaha. A leader, one who goes before.
Agni manda. Indigestion.
Agnisar. A variety of the rice plant.
Agotar. Rent, or pay given in advance.
Agra. Blighted, as an ear of dhan.
Nui do hoj ren agra kanae. He is the off-
scouring of mankind.
Horo reaK agj-a. Blighted dhan.
Agre. Cf ager.
Agu. To bring, exact, charge, deprive.
(very common in conjunction with other verbs,
giving idea of motion, up to a certain time or
place.)
Pea tafeaii aguke^koa. I charged them three
rupees.
Jiwiko agukef taea. They murdered him.
Manjhi nonka aguiet' tahekanae. The manjhi
_u8ed to act thus up to that time.
EaK raKto rof agukedae. He came on crying
and speaking.
Aguadar. A forerunner, those who
prijeodc a marriage party to the
bride's village.
Agyo. A common plant, (Spidagathis
cristata, Willd.)
The ashes of the plant are appKod to heal sores
of the disease agyo.
Agyo. A skin disease, generally appear-
ing on the legs, at first like blis-
ters, then becoming: sores.
Ah i
A hah [Interjection of pleasure.
Ahahaj
Aha. Alas.
Aha. To bewitch by looking at one
while eating, cast evil spell on,
ahak', to be bewitched.
Ill ahakedeaii, bae hajama. I looked at him while
eating, be wiU not digest hds food.
Ahan. To break a prolonged fast.
NeKe ut?irgeii ahahoEkana.
AhajS cabap. Quickly, hurriedly.
Henda ja, gi;li ahap cahapiA lielefme do.
Soho ! I see you'r in a hurry.
Ahar. Dhan land made by damming
up a water course, a small pond.
Aher. Prey ; to lie in wait for prey.
Ahh uhh. Cry of pain.
Joiigare bajaoente a4iye ahh uhhkeda.
Ahibahi. Busy, busy season.
Ahi bahi dinre pera horoK alope calaKa.
Do not go a visiting in the busy season.
Ahirinahil
[ 6 ]
Ajbajhao
Ahil mahil. To delay, to put off time.
Ahirkuhir\To stare all round intently
ArilJkurii! J looking for something,
to fix the eyes upon, to stare one
in the face.
CedaK onka ahii-kulur dom beiigefae kana ? Why
do you stare so at him ! Unak aliirkuhir lA
bengefteda, menek bali Aamledea. I looked
very intently but did not And him.
Ahkaok. To pant through thirst.
Ahla. Emanation, presence, radiation,
motion.
Hante ber giUg. AeloUkana. An emanation
from the sun appears over there, i. e. sun-
shine.
Da5 reak ablg, hoe aguiefte adi rabah kana.
An emanation from the water, (or rain)
being brought by the wind makes it yery
cold. . .,
Sengel ablate ?.di Aut AeloKkana, sangitite.
Through the emanation from the fire (light)
it appears very dark in the distance.
Ale ato do burn 9.hlate liut godoka. It gets
very soon dark in our village owing to the
presence of the hills.
Burn ahla i?,te ape then do jaati ot lolokkana.
wing to the radiation from the hills the
soil with you gets hotter (than with us.)
Burn ahlate 9.di rear kana. The presence of
the hills makes it very cold.
Hoedak jalapuri are sed ahla gidikeikoa. The
storm stranded them on the sea shore
Ahla. ) A small sheaf of grain
Ahla binda. j &c.
Ahluh. Sad, low-spirited, weak from
illness.
Ahnaok. To go bad, of meat.
Jel ahnaoena. The meat has gone bad.
Ahra. An edible root.
Ahra. A reservoir for collecting rain
water.
Ahri. A silk worm charm-doctor.
Ahrom pahrom. Hurriedly, quickly.
Ahum tahum.\To eat greedily, to eat
Harum tarumj too fast.
Ahup cahup (ahap cahap). hurriedly,
to look round.
Ahuy tahur. To gobble.
Aidari. Inheritance, authority, p )Rse,-
sion.
Uniak aidarire menakkoa. They are under his
authority. _
Nuige aKaidg-riio do, delabon gojea.
This is the heir, come let us kill him.
Aigu. An interjection of annoyance,
used by women only.
Aika. But, only, but certainly, with
this proviso.
4ik9. gegerae dina haralenkhan. Only it will
bite, when it grows up, (though it does not
bite now.)
Ma sabeme, ?ika gegerae — only it will bite.
Aikau. To feel, to perceive, to be sen-
sible of.
Chat ohate ^ikaueda He feels very thirsty.
Akilan leka bari. aikanledea. I did not take
him to be a wise man.
Aimai. A woman.
Ainthao. ") To twist tightly, bring pres-
Althau. 3 sure to bear on. [fish.
Als. A bad smell, as that of the scales of
Aisamol. ") Forbidden food, to a sick
is amol. 5 person, or dyspeptic.
Aisan. Cf aesan. [ous.
Altaha. Bitter, acrid, surly, acrimoni-
Aitau. To sift rice, &c. in a peculiar
way with hatak.
Gum jokhec aifau todpe dhirido.
Aitau paitau. A game played by child-
ren.
Aitha. Vessel one has eaten or drunk
from, leavings of food.
Althau. Cf ainthao.
Aja. Grand-father.
Ajako pitalco.
Aja purkha. Ancestors.
Ajak. Cf. ac.
Ajakkedae. He claimed it as his own.
Ajak \To importune, to beseech,
Ajak ajak. J to beg hard, to clamour for.
Uni liitab lagif ajak ajagok kanae. He impor-
tunes for the book.
Ajakbujak. Irregular, without system,
here and there.
Ajan. Ignorant, without knowledge.
Ajan. A powder applied to the eyelids
for ophthalmia, &c.
Ajante. By mistake.
Ajar. Trouble, bother ; heavy.
Ajare. To visit, go about gossipping.
Maejiuko aj areako . Women go about gossipping.
Ajare senoK. To go out for a chat with a neigh-
bour.
Ajauri \Empty, unoccupied, unem-
Ajwari J. ployed.
BaA ajauria. I am not at leisure.
Ajbaj. Cf ajbuj.
^j;^^J^^°|lnvolved, entangled.
Ajbaj "vva | "
Noa nariteii ajbaihaoena.
this creeper.
Kamireli ajbajhaoakana.
I am entangled with
Ajbi
[ 7 ]
Akat
^•i|;^}Truthful,just.
Ajbuj lUniiitelligent. ravelled,
Ajbaj.J topsy-turvy.
Ajbujko roja. "What they aay is unintelligible.
Ajgar. Improper, impertinent, iasult-
."^?- .
Uni do gi^i ajgargeye rorora sahao khon ho bah-
regetaea. He speaks so impertinently as
to be beyond endurance.
^(Ji ajgargem ror gofkeda, alo se nonka dom
rora, rastete do bam rora ?
Ajgar. Strait, pinch, burden, great.vast.
A(Ji ajgarrell paraoena. I am in a great strait
Ajgar dare. A huge tree.
Ajgut. Used to express surprise at any
thing, or any one, as unusual or
uncomnaon.
Aisrut hor kanae, rabaii ho bae bataoa. Ho is a
wonderful man, he does not heed the cold.
Ajgut moilj lieloK kanae. O! how beautiful she
appears.
Ajgut reh3 bae heoakana nit ho. Dear me, even
now he has not come.
Ajgut bae heclena. It is strange he has not come.
Ajhal pajhallAmple, more than en-
Ujhalpajhalj ough, unlimited.
trjhal pajhale jom oookelikoa. He gave them
more than enough to eat.
Ajhal pajhale daKkeda. It poured like a deluge.
Ajhat. Violence, force; loudly, stren-
uously, diligently, difficult.
Jiwijakte ajhatoSpe. Strive with might and
main.
Ajhnar. Wife's elder sisters.
Aji. Grand-mother.
Ajia. Sisters.
' Unkin do 9.ji*kin tahekana. They were sisters.
Ajib. True, just.
Ajij. To entreat, to beseech, to implore.
Adi ajijoKkanae. He earnestly entreats.
Ajim. Thy]
Ajin. My Y Elder sister.
Ajit, His J
Ajlatia. Aimlessly, purposelessly, with-
out any valid reason.
Ajl^tiage nonijem heoakana. Tou have come
here without any valid reason.
Ajlot. Very many, very much.
Ajlot utar horko jaoralena. Very many peo-
ple assembled.
Ajmao. jrp^ examine, to test ; inured.
Ajmas. J
Ajo. To feed another, put to his mouth.
Actegeye joma, alom ajoaea.
Knlhure akko ajoeda.
Ajua. The Bishop's weed, Carum cop-
ticuiii, Benth. An annual umbel-
liferous plant the seeds of which
fomi an ingredient in the prepara-
tion known as paji.
Ajwari. C£ ajauri.
Ak. Sugar cane, {Saccharum offici-
naru'in, Linn.)
Ak. A figure, a numeral.
Ak. A bow.
AKsar. Bow and arrows
Lit^ aK. Rainbow.
Aka. To hang, to suspend.
Akabaka. Very quickly, rapidly.
Aka baka\Distressed, restless from
Ak bak J heat, perplexed.
Akaj. Useless.
Akal. 1
Akal pakal. j- Famine, dearth, scarcity.
Akal sukal.J
Nes do bae akala. There will be no scarcity
this year.
Akalia. Greedy, famishing, glutton-
ous, one whi.) is always famishing
let him eat ever so much.
Akal pakal. C£ akal.
Akal sakal. Ri'stless.
Akal sakale ru^likana. His fever is so high he
cannot rest.
Akal sukal. Cf akal.
Akaona. A shrub, Calotropis gigantea,
RBr.
Akar. Free, exempt, scot free.
Akare araKeda. He gives it free.
Akar baha. A plant found in moist
situations, Lininophila Roxhur-
ghiana, G. Don.
Akardhak. Quickly, excessive, more
than is right.
AkardhakiA hedena. I came hurriedly.
Akardhakko bojhaakafa. They have loaded
too heavily.
CedaK nonkajakardhakpe kamikana? Why do yon
work so hard ?
Akar kukar. Troubled in mind, fatigued
in body.
Akar okor. Said of a child tumbling
about.
Akar okor barae kanae, nui gidra do. The
child tumbles about (in its efforts to walk).
Akasok. Met. to bring to an end, to
conclude, to go to heaven.
Akat. Dense, primeval.
Akat bir. Dense forest.
Ak bak
[ 8 ]
Akut bakut
Ak bak. Cf. aka baka.
Akbakao. Confused, put out, troubled.
Akel. Cf. akil
Akhaini. Hooked bamboo used as a
pitch fork.
Akh?.inite horoko ho^aga. They turn over the
dhan with a pitch fork.
Akhaji. To contend, to bet, to agree
to a forfeit, to vow.
Akham dukham. Distressed, anxious,
perplexed, through trouble or
affliction.
Akhar bakhar. At random, without
thought.
Akhar bakhaye rofeda. He speaks without
thought.
Akhat. To dispute, to bear ill-vnll, to
be at daggers drawn.
Akhat bakhat\To speak as one who is
Bhasa bharra J delirious, or insane ;
at random, carelessly.
Akhir. End, finally, in clauses to ex-
press courage and independence.
Ahkir dama. At last.
Akhirge ban akhir. Happen what may.
Akhirge bane ruhe^akadiilge, menkhan in dale-
gea. He haa actually abused me, but I will
beat him yet.
Akhor. A letter of the alphabet.
Saheb ror rsak akhorko. The English alphabet.
Akhor. A verse of a song ; a short aong.
Mit akhor serelime. Sing a stanza.
Akhra (akhor). One of a course, a
dancing stance ; the place where
an ojha sits with his pupils.
Bar akhrako enedkeda. They danced two
dances,
Akhrako laga, ar onde pak donko ceda. They
will smooth the a/./u-.t, and there they will
learn the war dance.
Akhrid. Cf akriri.
Akhrot. The walnut, fruit of Juglans
regia, Linn.
Akil. Wisdom, wise.
Akilam kanaii . I am making you wise (teaching
you wisdom.)
Akil gawar ]p^^^-^^ ^^ -^^
Akil khawarj ^
Akin. They two, they themselves.
Akinren, akinak, akin reak, akin reau. Theirs,
their.
Ra5ak.}s— ly'tigh%
Khub akjak silpiii do silikam, pase kombroko
bolo jahanoK. Shut the door securely,
perhaps thicTes may enter.
Aklaha. Greedy, gluttonous.
Ako. They, they themselves.
Akoren, akoak, akoreak, akoreah. Theiro, their.
Akoakoak oyatteko calaoenge. They went to
their several homes.
Akoda. Undisturbed, as soil.
Akoda hasa. "Virgin soil.
o a. I j^QQuipetent, inefiicient.
Ako kathae. As they themselves say,
or think.
Akorma. Dunce, blockhead ; worthless.
Akoi-ma kat;. "Worthless timber.
Akot ] To obstruct, to hinder, to iru-
Atkao V pede, to delay, to prevent, to
Atok J stop.
Akot ako^teye hijukkana. He is often being
stopped on his way.
Kami akotlenkhan bud todok'a. Necessity is
the mother of invention.
Akrid. To sell, to dispose of
Aksak 1111 at ease, uncomfortable,
Aksakao j flustered.
Eua ehoboK jokhen aksakiii bujhaueda. I feel
ill at ease when fever is beginning.
Aksakao is employed to describe the feeling at
the beginning of an attack of fever, and
akal sakal when the fever is at its height.
Akta akti. To persist, to insist, to be
impatient.
Aktau. To be in a hurry, to be im-
patient, to fret.
Calak lagit'e aktaukkana. He is impatient to
start.
Aktobor. The English month October
Akul bakTil. Confounded, perplexed,
confused, distressed.
Akul bakul. An uneasy feeling in the
stomach, generally followed by
vomiting. (Scottice, rumulgurtip-
tion).
Lao akul bakulolikana. An uneasy feeling in
the stomach.
Akulanl Insufficient, inadequate, not
Okulan > fully provided with, incom-
j plete.
Noa bochor do iomaktcko akulangea. Thoy
have an insufficient supply of food this year.
Akut. \To be in a hurry, to be
Akutjahutj impatient ; urgency.
Alope harepharea; oet akut? Do not hurry,
where is the urgency.
Jom lagit akutokkanae. He is impatient to
begin to eat.
Akut "j Winding to avoid obstruc-
Akut bakut I- tions, crooked, disor-
J derly.
Akut bakut tor. A winding path.
Akut bir
Albakaha
Akut bir. Dense, primeval forest.
Akut jahut. Cf. akut.
Ala. \To half roast peas &c. before re-
Ata.J moving the husk to make dal.
Ata is to fully roast grain for food.
Alakateko d^la. They roast the peas, and then
make dal.
AKta ohoo. The earthen vessel in which grain
is roasted over the fire. .
Ala ali. Tired, wearied, run down men-
tally and physically.
Alacar. Helpless.
Alac olod. Stupid.
Alae. To give up, to hand over, to
entrust.
Aotoge jiwiye alaeke^taea. He gave np his life.
SanamaSe alaoadiila. He entrnstod all to my
oare.
Alae phulae.l To meddle, to trifle, to
Irid cikid. / fritter away time, to
dilly dally.
Alae phulaoto din do alom khemooa, menek sill
Batupge kami joiime. Do not fritter away
your time, but work the whole day.
Alag. Friendless, separated.
Alag nt^renae. He is altogether friendless.
Alag balag. Straggling, wide apart,
various.
Ma€ do alag balag dareKa. The bamboo grows
with B^agglrag branches.
Fhnlbafi^re alag balag baha menaKa. There
are many kinds of flowers in the garden.
Alagjari. Two parasitic plants have
this name, Guscuta chinensis,
Lavik., and Cassytha filiforonis,
Roxh.
Alajhala. Distress, agony.
Alak balak. At random, aimlessly.
Alak balake dSfa baf a joiikana. He wanders
aimlessly about.
Alak chotak. Half and half, imperfect-
ly, to leave out part.
Alak chotak kathae metadilia. He did not give
me a full account.
Alak didi. Purposeless, without aim,
vainly.
Alak jhalak. Conceited, dandified, put-
ting on airs to attract the notice of
the other sex, lascivious, lecherous.
Alam galam. \ Indistinctly, to catch a
Galam galam. J glimpse of, at random,
without discrimination; to mumble.
Alam galam AutiA calaoena. I went as night
feU.
Alan. Wo two, you a,nd I, including
persdu addrofisod. Used in threats
although only one person speaks.
For curious use of dual see aben.
Nelmealau. I shall see you, (make you pay for
this.)
Alaii. The tongue.
Alan obor. Tongue tied, dumb.
Alan pholan 1 Aimlessly, without valid
Alan poleii J- reason, to wander about
Olod pholoii j aimlessly.
Alaii pholah baraekanae. He goes wandering
aimlessly about.
Alan potak. An unhealthy condition of
the tongue, raw, fissured, or furred.
Alao. \To give in, to be beaten, to
Ala ali. J have enough, to be wearied,
to be tired.
Jom jomteii alaoena. I am tired eating, (have
had sufficient.)
Illiil alaokedea. I wearied him out.
Alaondha. Cf alaundha.
Alap alap. "1 To be fatigued, to be ex-
Alap halap.J hausted, to be worn out,
faint.
Setonre daran dayantell alap alap ut Jrena.
I am completely exhausted by walking in the son.
Alarok. To wish to be fondled, or petted.
Gidrgi alarolckanae. The child wishes to be
fondled.
Alati baka(^|Bewildered, confused, silly,
Alat; ololi. /dull witted.
Alat* oloiJebehgetbaraea. He looks bewildered.
Uni kora doe ala^ olofgea. That lad is dull
witted.
Alatoka. Poor, to become reduced in
circumstances.
Alatokalenae, bae darelena. He had become
poor, and was unable to do it, (meet some
expense.)
Alaundha. The sensation of intense
darkness after leaving a lamp, &c.
till the eyes become accustomed
to the change.
Diuhe if iolenkhan al9.undh?iKalah. If the lamp
goes out we will be in utter darkness.
Albakaha. Dull-witted, stupid, unin-
telligent, inept, raw, unaccustomed,
uniiiured.
Ill doA albakahagea, onate okate h5 sangiilto
daran do baA calaSa. I am not inured,
therefore I do not walk far.
Albat salbat
[ 10 ]
Amali
Albat salbat. Contradictory, confused.
Albat salba^iA kukmuleda. I bad a confuBed
dream.
Albudaha. Senseless, puerile, simple,
ignorant.
Aldhundha. Awkward, incompetent,
stupid, blundering.
Nui bor do aldbundbageae, cet ho bae kami
darealta, Tbia man is stupid, be can do
nothing^.
Aldliom.\To suppress the truth, tell
Aldom. /only half.
Ale. Wo, they and I, excluding the
person addressed.
Ale ren, aleak, ale reak, ale reaii. Ouis, our.
Aleio. Our one (animate).
I To scold.
Alec.
^j^^|iO«coLa.
Khub lekae aleJkediria. He scolded me severely
Alec tasec.\Spilling, scattering; to was-
Asec tasec. j te through having too
much, superabundance, more than
can be taken care of.
Aseo tasece dakkeda. It rained so as to flood
the country
AseG taaec cas boeentaea. He bas a larger
crop than be can look after, (it will spoil
before be can gather it all in.)
Alekha. Without number, that cannot
be numbered.
Alei. Cf. alec.
Alga. \ Easy, simple, soft, loose,
Alga saiga. J light.
Algate. Easily.
Alga. \To assist, to make lighter for
Algao. /another, to raise, to think
lightly of
AlgaoaAme. Assist me, i. e. make it lighter
for me.
Isor alope algaoea. Do not trifle with God.
Bhandar algao. Prolapsus ani.
Alga saiga. Cf alga.
Algasi. Contemptuously, disrespect-
fully, superfluous.
Tu9.r gidr?. algasikatoko rorekana.
They speak contemptuously to the orphan ohild.
Algel. Strange, alien, exceeding the
estimate, unexpected, not of the
family, company, &c., disinterested.
Noa katha do nlgel bor tbenbokulibujbau joha.
We will consult some disinterested person
on this matter,
Ehuble dakalet'reho bale antaolem, ente dber
algel borko beclona. Although we cooked
a largo quantity of rice, it did rot suffice as
many unexpected guests came.
Alhua. Ignorant, stupid, blundering,
inexpert.
Alin. We two, he and I, excluding the
person addressed.
Alkatra sunum. Woodtar, coal tar.
Alk au. To bother, to annoy, to disturb.
" Cedak gbane gbanem ?ilkauedi/ia? Why do you
keep bothering me every minute.
Almal. Confused, at a loss to know
what to do, without order, uncer-
tain, from all directions.
Almale boeeda. It blows from all directions,
iiuatele almalena. Our household Ik in disor-
der through fever,
Aln6. Insufficiently salted, idle, spirit-
less.
Alo, (alo alo, aloge, alotet', alo bare.)
Not, in prohibitions, final clauses,
and unfulfilled conditions.
Hijukte aloii galmaraoakokhan kai oho tabe-
lentakoa. If i had not come and spoken unto
them they had not had sin.
Alo atlenkhan. K only it is not lost.
Aloe paloc. Wearied, worn out, exhaus-
ted.
Alok bakok. To speak as an insane
person, to gabble.
Alpalua. (1). Phaseolus aconiti/olius,
Jacq., a garden crop sown along
with cotton. (2) Slightly.
(2) Togo3 alpaluakateko uda jel do, bail labit'
iate. They slightly masticate the megit,
and then bolt it, because it is tough.
Alpin. (pin.) Hairpin.
Alse. To leave, finish. Used only in
combination with other verbs.
AmaK itsilJ alsele jomtama. We will eat your
leavings (of food.)
Ape dope alao alsekediiia. Ton have left all the
burden to me.
Bhagete ruhet alsefcediliae. He overcame me
by scolding.
Alua "j Dunce, ignoramus, sim-
Alua basua. [pleton, greenhorn, ; stu-
J pid, blundering.
41ua basuageae. He is a dunce.
Am. Thou.
Amren, amaK, amreal^, amaii. Thine.
Amali."!
Amla. j- Authority, office, title.
Amoli. )
Ape joto bor amlape riawana, aliii oka amla ho
bam emat'lina. You have all received offices,
bat you have not given us any office what-
Amanot
[ 11 ]
Amrud
Amanot. To deposit money in court, to
give in trust, to set aside for future
use; existent, unspent, unused.
Khajna dole amanotabada. We have deposi-
ted our rent in court.
Anianotgea, bail khorooakaCa. It is still lying
past, I have not spent it.
Amar. Cf tuar.
Amar oraor. Diligently, attempting
again and again, as a child trying
to walk.
Miyo ohut^aakana, amaf omof.
Amba. A veiled name for feet, used at
marriages and other ceremonies.
More moka amba bat^haoena. Our feet have
grown five cubits.
Ambabasia, C£ ambas.
Ambaitar bid, A large poisonous snake.
Ambak ombok, To go hither and thi-
ther aimlessly, to go from one side
to another.
Jel ambaK: omboKko Air baraekana, seudra hor
botorte. The deer are running hither and
thither through fear of the hunters.
Ambaro. "I The Roselle plant (Hibiscus
Bambaro. / Sabdariffa, Linn.)
Ambar ombor. ) To take up anything
Amar omor. / lying about, as a child
does, to busy about ; diligently.
Amar omoy baraeedae tula mente.
Ambas. The conjunction of the sun and
moon, the first day of the first quar-
ter on which the moon is invisible,
the last day of the dark fortnight.
Ambas riind?.. The night on which there is
no moon.
Amber. A tree so called.
Amda 1 To be in possession, to have
Amdani / right, title, claim to; posses-
sion, property ; within one's own
province.
TinaK habid amda menaKtaea ? How much does
he lay claim to ?
. , ■- [-Very many, very much, much.
Amda saset otreA bhulijauet'kan do. I suffer
much in this world.
. Amdgtniye jomkeda. He ate very much.
Amdaj. To guess, to conjecture, to
make a rough calculation ; meas-
ure, degree ; approximately.
Amdajte. By guess, approximately.
AmdajaK khonbjrtiye jomkeda. He ate beyond
measure.
Amdajakafaii. I hare made a guess.
Amdani. Cf amda.
Amela. Abundant, unlimited, great in
quantity, or number.
Sedaere do oor3( amela tahekantalea. In the
olden time we had abundant pasture for
our cattle.
Amet \To betray trust, to retain what
Hamet j has been given for distribu-
tion to others.
Sanam horaU kana, cedaKem ame^a ? It belongs
to all, why do you retain it?
Amiii. Separately, one by one, from
all sides.
Amidko dgirkeda. They fled in all directions.
Amid. To sift, to separate.
Gum amili. To sift with the ha^aK (q. T.)
Amin. A land surveyor, or measurer.
Amin. Amen, so let it be.
Amka. M. "1 The veiled name by which
Amki. F. J a child is referred to
in the Chatiar (cleansing after
child-birth) ceremony.
Amla. The writers in the court of a
magistrate, or the office (kachahari)
of a zemindar. C£ amali.
Amla mosodi. The writers and messengers.
These latter (mosodi) carry messages bet-
ween the zemindar in his private office
and the writers in the outer office.
Amla kapla. The writers, piadas, and other
hangers-on at a zemindar's kachahari.
Amol. (1) Time. (2) Acidity of stomach,
dyspepsia, to eructate through a-
ciditj- of stomach. (3) Possession.
As amol. Forbidden food, unclean food.
(1) Car baja amolre. At four o' clock.
(2) Amolakanae. He is suffering from acid-
ity of stomach.
(3) Pe serma khon ill amolaka^a. I have been
in possession three years.
4i3 amol bako joma bhogot hor do. Persons
who aspire to sanctity do not eat forbidden
(or unclean) food, (fleah or fish.)
Amot. Hard hearted, thick skinned,
unwieldy, coi-pulent, sluggish.
Amot hor kanae, He is a corpulent person.
Ampa ompo. Hurriedly, fussily, excit-
edly.
Amra. The Hog plum, Spondias man-
gifera, Pers,
Amrud\The guava, Psidium Guyava.
Amrut J Raddi.
Amsam
[ 12 ]
AndaK tawaK
Amsam. (1) A crystal. (2) Chronic
dysentery.
The Amaam crystals are of three colours, clear,
reldish, and greenish. The first is given
for sul (q. T.) the second for amaam
{q. V.,) and the third when the patient's
evacuations resemble the colour of the stone.
The method of administering the Amaam is to
rub it on a stone in water. The water,
which contains small particles of the crys-
tal, is then drunk by the patient, and what
remains of the crystal after having been
rubbed on the stone is tied round his waist
by a string.
Amsi. A method of preserving unripe
mangoes by drying in the sun.
Amsophori. 1 The bullock's heart fruity
Saphriam. J Anona reticulata, L.
Amtha. A method of preserving man-
goes, malhan, (q. v.) and ramra
(q. v.).
An. A law, an enactment.
An ari. Laws and ceremonies.
An t^iriente. Being under the law.
An. An affix indicating possession.
Apatan. Having a father.
Tarwafean hor. A man having a sword.
A^ saranko. Those having bows and arrows.
Sawanko. Those who have found.
An. A privative prefix equivalent to
the English in, and un.
An-oin. An-hoa.
An ]
Anaj (-Grain, wheat, rice, &c,.
On J
OnjoloS. To partake of food.
No.T diaomre on a(Ji menaKgea. There ia much
grain in this country.
Ana. An anna, the sixteenth of a rupee.
Ana is uaed to denote l-16th, thua a man who
has a l-4th share in anything is aaid to
have a 4 anna share, and so on.
Solo ana. 20 shillings to the pound, all, the whole.
Ato ren solo anako jaoralena. All the villagers
assembled.
Anacur. Winding, tortiious, round a-
bout. From acur (q. v.)
Noa hor do a<Ji anaourgea. This is a very win-
ding path.
Ana gona. Coming and going.
Anaj. Cf an.
TeheA ut9.rin anajoKkana. This ia the firat day
after a long time that I have had a meal of
grain.
Anak. "|_ A bamboo HJisponded horizon-
Anaka. J tally on which clothes are
himg when not in use. From aka
(q, V.)
Anakup. Confused, mixed up, involved,
unintelligible.
inaTXak.}^-.-PP— ^^•
Onolbonol } Striped, as a cloth, &c.
Tor anal onolgeae. The squirrel is striped.
Ananas. ") The pine apple. (Ananaaaa
Anaras. J sativa, I/inn.)
Anar. The pomegranate, Punica Ora-
natum, Linn.
Anaras. Cf. ananas.
Anargo. A descent, a declivity, an
incline. From argo (q. v.)
Anari. Strange, unknown, new, inex-
perienced, raw.
An^ifigeii lieUedea. I saw that he was a stranger.
An^ri ^°V- -A- stranger.
Anas. C£ ansa.
A tVi 11 Unconscious, stupified.
Hudia hudiste ginthulenae. He Is stnpifled by
anxiety.
Anbid. Immeasurable, very many.
Teheii do ^nbid hofko hetSena. Very many people.
have come to-day.
Aiicar. Edge of cloth breadth-wise,
ojDp. to mnce, edge of cloth length-
wise.
Parlak. Coloured border running length-wise.
Solior, that>unning breadth-wise.
Anchal. C£ aiicar.
Ancin. Unknown, strange, new.
Ancot. Suddenly, unannounced.
Ancote had gotena. He appeared suddenly.
Andak. A method of cooking by roast-
ing.
Matkom (q. v.) and rioo are sometimes prepared
in this way. To prepare matkom it is first
well washed in water, and then roasted in
an earthen vessel. The water in which it
was washed is boiled down till of the consis-
tence of gur. The roasted matkom ia mixed
with this sugary residuum, and then eaten.
Andak. Without reason, or cause.
Andakal. Loudly, noisily, strongly.
Andakalko raSkeda. They wept loudly.
Andakal so kana. It smeUs strongly.
Andak tawalj. Troubled, hopeless, ex-
cited ; seriously, quickly, hurriedly.
Ehgatte1;c Ael a^kedete gidrgi do andaR tawaK
baraokanae. The child is troubled beoauae
it has lost sight of its mother.
Anila manda
[ 13 ]
And hup
Anda manda. To go about aimlessly,
to wander about, to be confused,
to be perplexed.
An<Ja maniila bafaekanao. Ho wanders about
without any thing to do.
Andakul. ") Loud,noisy, uproarious, deaf-
Andkul J ening.
Andakole raKeda. Ho weeps loudly.
Anda^. Without reason, or cause.
Andaptegeye raKeda. He ones before he is hurt.
Andar ondor. To stare with wide open
eyes, as in convulsions, to stare
vacantly.
B^lte an(}ar on^ore behge{e£kana. His stare
is fixed by reason of ^e convulsion.
Andare pandare. At random, any where
out of doors, about the door out-
side, in the coui-t-yard, scattered
about.
Andafe pandafe gi4ikaKme. Throw It away any
where.
Hof ma adg9r din do andaf e panda f eko giti(Skota .
People sleep out of doors in the hot weather.
Andela. Rich, wealthy, great.
Ona atore mil! go^en a^i marah an(}ela Deko
menaea. In that village there is a very
wealthy Hindu.
Andel mandel.l In large numbers, fil-
Ander mander.J ling a large space,
very many.
Hof an(}er man^erko jaoraakana. The people
are assembled in large numbers.
Ande sale. To be distressed, anxious,
solicitous, astonished.
Bin l^itell senlena, 9^iA ande saleke£pea. By
leaving without informing you, I caused
you to be anxious.
Andge. Testicle.
Andha. To deceive, to gull, to be mis-
taken, to blunder ; by mistake,
through ignorance.
Ili doll andhalena. I was mistaken.
Tafok do ilellelkoaK mef ko andhae£takoa. The
conjurers deceive the eyes of the spec-
tators.
Amdha potam. The blind-folded decoy dove.
Andha dhund. Exceedingly, immoder-
ately, furiously, severely, with all
one's force. This word possesses
intensifying force.
Andha dhunde dalkedea. He beat him severely.
Cei bah se, uni hor do andha dhunde dar idike-
da. That man ran away with all his
might.
Andha dhunde hoee6kana. It is blowing ajgale.
Andhakul. Cf andkul.
Andhar. Darkness.
M»oi andharona. Night has fallen.
Andhflrgand. ") ti ■ i v
Andhar|ar.' |P^"neal abscess.
Andharia bata. Bamboos tied one
above and one below the rafters,
along the middle of the sloping
side of the roof.
Andhe mandhe. "j At random, anyhow,
Andhe mundhe. Vwithout caring for the
J consequences.
Andhe mundhe^e dalkedea. He struck him
without canng where the blows fell.
Andhe pathauri. Unintelligible, mixed,
confused, at random, carelessly,
thoughtlessly.
Andhe pathanfiye rofeda. He speaks at ran-
dom.
Andhe path^uf iye dalkedea. He struck him not
caring were the blows fell.
Andher. Unjustly, ■wrongfully, ille-
gally ; to do injustice.
AndEergeko bic^rkeda. They decided unjustly.
Andhet dundhet. Imperfect vision ; to
see imperfectly, half-blind, able to
see in the day but not in the
night, night-blind.
Andhet dundhe€gem Aeiielte bam pajhao dafe-
aSa, se ceta ? Is it because you do not see
well that you cannot read, or what is it P
Andhi candhi. To be flustered, flur-
ried, excited, overwhelmed ; hur-
riedly, quickly.
Euhefi »adhi ojndhikediiiae. He flurried me
by scolding.
CalaK jokhei ^ndhi c»ndhilenae. He was flur-
ried at the time of leaving.
Andhi dak. A storm of wind and rain.
An dhidrik. Lawless, unsubmissive to
law, or custom, not recognising
law or custom as binding.
Andhkup. To incommode, to incon-
venience.
Andhra. M.^j Blind. Employed only me-
Andhri. F. 1- taphorically when scol-
I ding, &c.
Andhua (rat-kana.) Night-blind, half-
blind, nearly blind.
Nui hor do kara hor doe bah kana, ^ndhua hoj
kaiiae. This is not a blind man, he is
night-blind.
Andhup. Bewildered, confused, flus-
tered, distressed in mind.
Andi
[ 14 ]
Angap angap
Aadia. Male, of animals, birds, and
trees. Met. rich.
A^li maraii andia kanae, He is very rich.
Andia dhurup araU. A wild pot-herb,
Leucas cephalotes, S^jreng.
Andic. To deceive, to lead astray, to
dupe, to victimize.
XTni liof doe gindidljediiJa. That man deceived
me.
Andir kundir. To stare, to gaze in-
tently.
Cele coe ilelakadete nonka andir kundir doo
beu^e<:aekana? Wliat has he seen to make
him stare so at it ?
Andka andki. A strong smell, either
pleasant, or unpleasant.
Andka andki. To make a noise, to create
a disturbance, make a row, a din.
Apisgeko andka g-adkietkana. They are making
a distressing din.
Andkao. To be permeated, to be full
of, to be scented.
Gota orak baric sote andkaoena. The whole
house is permeated with a loathsome smell_
Andkul. Cf andakul.
Andkul. \To become a tiger, or
Andkul bandkul. J leopard.
The Santals believe that certain human beings
possess the power of becoming tigers at will.
Andmand. "j To be perplexed, to be con-
Andmandao. Vfused, to be at a loss, to
j be at one's wits' end
through the multiplicity of things
requiring to be attended to.
Andor ondor. Ct. andar ondor.
Andor. To make a noise, an uproar,
a tumult, a row, a disturbance.
TeheA do mit liinda don enecteko andorkeda.
They kept up a disturbance during the whole of
last night by dancing the Dong dance.
Andra. Not effectually castrated.
Andrac ondroc. The noise made by a
buffalo when excited ; also that
made by the bird known to the
Santals as artagorn.
Andrak. Hydrocele, or tumour of tes-
ticle.
Androk sandrok. Hither and thither,
here and there, every where.
Androi san(Jrol5;e Jiir baraekana. He is running
hither and thither.
Andu. In original state or condition,
immature.
Andute gikiii rohoekeda, begor jawate.
Andute horoli aphorkeda, bin lohot'te.
Anduteli benaolaka, arar. I made the yoke
from a whole piece of wood (without split-
ting it.)
An^u kaf. Sapwood, as opposed to marij kaf
heartwood.
Anduk canduk. Disconsolate, forlorn,
gloomy, sad.
Anduk manduk. To be perplexed, con-
fused, bewildered.
Anduh. To plead an excuse, to exten-
uate, to palliate, to vindicate one-
self
Nui doe auduhkeda, rug.ltkanali mente. He
escused himself by saying he has fever.
Andur mandur. To stand idling about,
to loaf
Andur pandur. To stand idling about,
to loaf
Andwar. Udder.
Dudh9.ri. A cow with a large udder.
Camt;ahi. ,, ,, small. ,,
Aneao. Injustice, unjust.
Anec. An intensive particle, unless,
not until.
He baba, noa do lap^ilen cepetlen anecbo bapa-
daea. Yes sir, not until we speak and hear
can we know (about each other.)
Anec dhanec. Exceedingly, abounding,
a Wealth of, rich, wealthy.
Onko anec dhanec jomak menaktakoa. They
possess a wealth of food.
An. Understanding, mind, strength.
Ahlagaokate kamipe. Apply your mind to your
work. ^_
Adga. Dawn.
Beiiget aii^akedali. I kept awake till morning.
Ahga hg-tiJ^enae. He has seen the day dawn
(did not die during the night.)
Aiiga hatiAlen n?.hi ill calaka. I must first see
the morning, and then I will go. (I must sur-
vive the night before I can go.)
Hormo do ol ahgaetape, nondie. Pass the night
here.
Ahga. A long quilted coat, having
points instead of buttons.
Ahga ahgi. Each his own, what be-
longs to each.
Auga ^.ngiko hataokeda. Each took his own.
Angap. Cf ahgop.
Angap ahgapl At the point of death ;
Letep letep. j to gasp as when dying.
Atigao
[ 15 ]
Anjir
Aiigao. To keep for a purpose, to set
aside for a certain use, to design,
determine.
Nui merom irt angaoakadea. I have set this
goat aside for a certain purpose.
Aiigari. A disease which affects the
Tassar silk worm ; also applied to
human beings when the colour
darkens through disease.
Aiige. ") To take, to keep a portion
Aiiget. J for one self
SanamaKpe aiige oabaeda, ili do sac mahajon
oet'ted halakoa ? You are taking all, with
what shall I repay the money lender ?
Adgen. To disappear, to be spirited
away by water sprites.
Noa pukhrireye ahgenena. He was spirited
away while in this tank.
Anget'. Cf ange.
Adgikar. To agree, to accept, to take
responsibility.
Angikarakadam, ?.£gu hoyoKtama. Ton took
the responsibility, so yon must bring it.
Aiigir. To elope.
Ahgra. A male who has eloped.
Ahgri. A female ,,
Ahgra ^iigrienakin. They are a pair who have
eloped,
^hgirakadeae. He ran away with her (eloped.)
Angoc. To admit, confess, acknowledge,
give assent to.
Ifi ho unifi ahgocea ili ren sermare menae apuA
samahre. I also will confess him before
my father who is in heaven. '
Angom. Generally, at random, roughly
speaking ; to call to a person whose
name you know, but may have for-
got, as if he were a stranger.
Aiigomge ruhet'et kanae. She scolds without
naming any one.
Bir birte ahgomgeli heaakana. I came at ran-
dom through the jungle.
Angop. To yawn.
Tot' go6ena ahgop. A yawn escaped me.
Angot batigotl Anyhow, aimlessly,
Angot pangotj carelessly, at randopi.
Aiigot baiigote roreda. He speaks at random.
. . ° ( -^ li"^6 coal, embers.
aItT I ^^^' s^^'^i^®' utility.
Nui hor do bae kamia, eken jom ahrageae.
This man does not work, eating ia all he is good
for.
Ce£ aura ren hom bail kana. Tou are of no use
whatever.
Cei; ho bae ahgraea kurhigi mara hojr.
Atigra. M.'j
Aiigri. F. I Flirtation, gallantry, coquot-
Jhalka. M. j ry.
Jhalki. F.J
Augra aiigri. Cf, angir.
Atigraji. The English language.
Anrau. To undertake, to contract, to
acct'pt, to profess.
CaKera aiir^uakawaua, bam kgimi dareaK khan ?
If you can't do the work, why did you under-
take it ?
Angrej. The English people.
Adgrop. A jacket with long sleeves.
Angur. A vine, a grape.
Angur birhi. A insect found in tanks.
AAgurbudhi.}^^^i*l°^-
Angwar. A method of cultivation
in which a man who has no bul-
locks ploughs two days for another
in return for the loan of his bul-
locks for one day.
Ansasua. ~) t iii.fi
Asadcua J^^^y^ ^'"^^f^l'
Anhos. Unconscious.
Anhut. "I Independent, self-willed,
Anhuth. y opinionative, to persist in
Anhutha.J opposing.
^nhuthe calalfkana. He takes his own way in
spite of all.
Get' bah ^ihutha dom roretkana? Sg-rige i^ do
nuifi lielakadea. Why do you still say the
opposite ? I certainly have seen him.
Ani. C£ hard.
Anijok. To wish for, to desire, to be
attracted to, to attract.
Am lagit'e g-nijokkana. He wishes to attract
you.
Anja. Grain.
Anjan. An ointment applied to the
eyelashes with a view to blacken
and improve them.
Anjel To dry up, to run dry, to die.
Dale ailjet'ena, noa gafjare. The water in this
river is dried up.
XTniye aAjefena. His spark of life is quenched.
Anjhlud. Forlorn, dejected, depressed,
sad.
Anju-. The pear shaped guava. {Psi-
dium Guyava, Raddi., Var. py-
riferum Linn.)
Anjir
[ 16 ]
Ariu
Anjir. A fig, Ficus carica.
Anjle. To join the hands together so
as to receive and retain something ;
as much as can be held by putting
the hands together. Scottice, gou-
'pen.
Babar anjlele emakoa. We will give them two
handfula each.
Ma se anjleme, tabeniil emama. Come, put your
hands together, and I'll give you parched
rice.
Adjom. To hear, to give heed to, to
listen.
Ape aAjomre. In your hearing.
Ailjom hapetadae. He listened in silence.
Pherem adjomadii^a. You told me of many
things.
AAjom nie^aome. Listen attentively.
Arijom gaore. To answer when an-
other is called.
Arijora gaoyeenali, ball aiijom ^hikleda. I an-
swered when I was not called, I did not
hear distinctly,
Ankarwa.\Unable to control, or restrain
Ankaura. /the temper, passionate, short
tempered, irascible ; to give way to
temper, &c.
Ankafwaonae. He got angry (gave way to his
temper.)
Ankarwate edreSnae.
Ankatha anbetha.l Misleading, unintel-
Ankotha anbetha.J ligible, inaccurate,
thoughtlessly.
Ankatha anbethalon rofa. They will speak
unintelligibly.
Adkha ankhi. 1 Overcome, faint, dis-
Jaljalaolj. J tressed, impatient, dis-
turbed in mind.
Ili do daS tetahteii ahkha ^nkhiena. I am dis-
tressed through thirst.
Adkher. To play truant, to absent
oneself, to be out of sight. C£ adger.
Okate bae sen ahkherakana. Where can he have
gone to out of sight.
Ank orak. ") Marks cut in wood to mark
Ak oraU. J time, the notches represen-
ting weights on a balance.
Ankotha anbetha. Cf. ankatha an-
betha.
Ankur. To germinate, to sprout.
Adkus. A hook, an elephant goad ; to
be willing, to agree to, to be per-
suaded, to consent.
Bam ahkusoKaP Will you not be persuaded?
Hathi aji dareankanrehoe, enrehoe aiikusoKa.
Although the elephant is very powerful he can
be persuaded (by the application of the
goad — ahkuB.)
Zigzag, various. Cf.
Ankut bankut.
akut bakut.
Anman. Guess, inference, appraise-
ment, measure, estimation ; taking
careful notice.
Anman bengetalfme, pase jahan khanda hoe-
kange. Measure it with your eye, perhaps
it will make some useful implement.
OfaR duar anman beiigetatakope. Take a
careful survey of their belongings.
Nni hor anman Deko lekae rteloSkana. To all
appearances (taking a good look at him) he
resembles a Hindu.
Anmane lieiielkana. He is having a good look
(taking it all in.)
Anman. "1 Temporarily, for the pres-
Anmanao.J ent, meanwhile; to cause
to forget, (used with verbs imply-
ing diversion, solace, refreshment,
pacification,&c.)
DaKiil liu hatafa anman reiigeiedilikana. I
will drink water in the meantime aa I am
hungry.
Terel tarop jomte anman menaegea. He is
pacified for the time being by eating terel
and tarop.
Taben emaeme, in^tege anmanao hatafoltEie.
Give him some parched rice, that will occupy
his attention for the present.
Anole. ") A 1
Anoli. ) ^^lepm.
Ansa. 1 To make a noise, create a
Ansa ansi. j- disturbance; to worry, trou-
Ansao. j ble, annoy.
Nui gidr* ma asokaote liind^geye ansaoa, thirgo
bae thiroka. This child creates a disturbance
particularly at night, he will not keep quiet.
K9.mi kg.initeii ansaena. I am worried with
work.
Antao. To suffice, to be sufficient.
Noa dakate okoe h5 ohoko anfaolena. This food
will not suffice for any one.
AntaoK leka emoKme. Give as much as will
suffice.
Anthari. Out of place, anywhere, with-
out care ; friendless, homeless.
Antharigeye tahonteye gooena. He died be-
cause he had no one to befriend him.
Thari lota anthari do alom doho baraea. Do
not throw the tharis and lotas down any-
where (put them in their proper place.)
Anthul. Cf anbhul.
Antil. A punch used to make holes in
iron.
Adu. To cause to drink by putting to
the mouth, to give to drink, to
water cattle.
Nunu. To suckle, to give the breast.
Ariu
[ 17 ]
Aparak
Adu. To gild, to overlay with the pre-
cious metals.
Eup^teko giilnakafa. They have gilded it with
silver.
Anu ^nu. Of many kinds, diverse,
different.
Ann »iiu hor mcnaKkoa. Thoro arc many kinds
of men.
^u Jnu cgili disomre menalfa. There are di-
verse customs in the country.
Aoal. Best, principal, 1st class.
Aoal jumi. First class dhan land.
lo ao. The croak of the bull frog (ba-
rudan,) cry of tiger, &c.
Kul doe ao aoa. The tiger calls ao ao.
Aodhan. To pay attention to, to be
ready, to be prepared, to be disen-
gaged.
Bae aodhan hodotkana, nit do. He is not being
disengaged quickly, i. e. he is not ready.
Aoda. To design, to purpose, to intend,
to claim, to appropriate, to agree to,
to take responsibility, to take pos-
session of.
CalaKlaii aoda jon kana. We intend to go.
Jormot rua re lagit; ko aodalaKa. Thoy intended
to turn him back by force.
Noa baf ge doll aodaakat'a. I am in possession
of tms garden.
Aodao. To pei-plex.
Aolao. Cf. aulau.
Aonda aundi. Every where, all round.
Aonda aundi gotaTi llam barakedea, okare hO
ball llamledea. I searched for him all
round, but nowhere found him.
Aora has. Girlhood.
Aosa baosa. \
Aos baos. I Descendants, posterity.
Aunsa baunsa. j
Bos. " j
Pilchu haram ren aosa baosa kangeabo.
We are the descendants of Pilchu hafam.
Aosan. Relief, respite, ease; to lighten,
to give relief, &c.
Aosankediilae. He afforded me relief.
Noa bir do malf aosanme. Clear this jungle and
give relief (from wild animals.)
Kami^ aosanakat'a. I have lightened the work,
i. o. done a part of it.
Aotan. Place of safety, refuge, shelter,
retreat, den, lair, hiding place, cov-
ert.
Noa jhur do kul reat aotan kana. This low
jungle is the lair of tigers.
Aotha. A ring worn on the great toe.
Aowar. ■) After-birth, placenta, of ani-
Awar. ) mals.
Ap.
Abok
Ap.
.}
Cf abuk.
To alight as a bird, on tree, house,
&c.
Eo apwadeako. Flies alighted on him.
Kurii; do nl darorcye apena. Tbe vulture alight-
ed on the mango tree.
P^rre apkalime. Place me on a branch, i. e. find
a home and husband for me.
Apa. Father.
Apuil. My father.
Apum. Thy father.
Apat. His father.
Apa hou. Father and child.
Apabare. A woman's father and brothers.
Enga apa. Parents.
Apa baria. \ Irregular, out of line, inac-
Aprar. j curate, aberrant, rough,
badly matched; to separate, to
miss on road, not uniform.
Mifte calaK tuluo apa b^jigionako.
Apa bariape rorleda, bah pantelentapca.
You spoke inaccurately, your stories did not
agree.
Okarelai apraj-lena? Whore did we miss each
other ? (Where wore we out of line with each
other ?)
Apai. Fault, transgression, sin.
Apaj. To concede precedence, to con-
tend as to who will not have to do
anything, to urge each other to do
a thing, and thus waste time.
Apajtogepe tahena. (You won't do the work)
you are each telling the other to do it.
Apalhet. Indistinctly, dimly, faint, low,
indefinite ; by glimpses.
Apalhei apalheCifi liel fioltledea. I only
caught a glimpse of him.
Mase arhu rorme, apalhet geil atijomleda. Say
it again, I heard indistinctly.
Apnao. To come to oneself, to cool
down after a fit of anger, to submit
to the inevitable.
Apan apin. Severally, mutually, to take
each his own way, to separate ; of, or
relating to self
Apan apinko calaoena. They took each liia
own way, i. e. dispersed to their several
homes.
Apan apinaRko halaiikoda. Each took up his
own.
Apaiigir arak. A pot herb so called.
Aparigir. Cf angir.
Aparak. C£ arak.
A|i;ii('e
[ 1« ]
Arau oroe
Aparec. Cf. arec.
AparuM. To be separate, away from
each other.
XJnkiii gatedotisrehobalcinapareUkaiia. These
two companions are never separate from
each other.
Apari. Iron arrow head.
HesaU sakani apariKkana. The buds of the
HesaK tree (q. v.) are becoming pointed
(like an iron arrow head.)
Apat. Cf. at.
Apat. His father.
Apat toi. The father.
Eng^at apat. Parents.
Apasul. Cf awnl.
Apco. Waste, fault, accident.
A^i apcokedae. He committed a great fault
(was the means of a great accident.)
Noa apco do oet lagi€ p Wherefore this waste ?
Ape. Ye, you.
Aphil. The English legal term appeal.
Apliim. Opium.
Aphor. To sow seed in beds for trans-
plantation, used more particularly
of rice.
Aohra aphor. Cf. aohra.
Dhuri aphor. Cf . aohra.
Aphoti. Calamity, distress ; to raise
objections, to lay claim to.
Noa darere aphotiedae. He lays claim to this
tree.
Noa atore aphoti hoeakana. A calamity has be-
fallen this village.
p. ^ ' [ Leisure, opportunity.
Apil. Cf aphil.
A.pLr. Sideways, obliquely ; to squint, to
ascend and descend as some birds
do while flying, to incline gradually
upwards.
Apir etpire beiiget'eda. He looks squintingly.
Cefe apir rakap godolfkanako.. The birds rise
with a swoop.
4^pir me6 do, bam Ael Aameda ? Do not you see
it, you great squint ?
Aple. To shin up a tree, to climb by
clasping with the arms and knees.
Harup BumuhaK darereli apleKkana. I am climb-
ing a tree which I can encircle with my
arms.
Apna apni. Cf ajjanapin.
Apnar. Self, "i^ieself ; own.
Apnar lekaii dularkoa. I will love them as myself.
Aprrp;. Cf. ri]')a li;jria.
Apre. I, the speaker, myself, ourselves,
commonplace.
Uni hor apre lokaugeae. He is like myself.
Bahupo Aeiledea? He, apfe loka geae. Did yon
see the bride ? Yes, she is just like ourselves.
Aprel. The English month April.
Aprug. (1) Rare, unique, choice, excel-
lent, incomparable, unequalled, of
rare value.
(2) You, yourself, your Honour, your
Ladyship.
(1) Aprug dhon menaktaea, bae emoKa. His
wealth is of rare value, he will not part with
it.
(2) Aprugre amge herel do menama, disomre
banuKkoa ? Is your honour the only man, are
there no others in the country ?
Aptha apthi. To dispute, wrangle, al-
tercate.
Noa barge lagit adikin aptha apfhiakana.
They wrangle fiercely over this garden.
Apthao. To challenge, to contend, to
dispute, to contest, to compete,
to wager.
Onka onka tinaK ghari cohkin apfhaoena. They
disputed thus for some time.
Apum. Thy father.
Apuri, My father.
Apus. Relations, kindred.
Ar. And, also, other, more, last.
Ararko tahekana. There were others also.
Ar bochor. Last year.
Ar. The whine of a child from ill tem-
per, or peevishness.
Nui gidra do ni6 babice araka^gea. This child
has whined till now.
Ara. Met. fruit of Eugenia jambo-
lana, Lavik.
Ara. A flock, an army, a crowd, a
detachment. Cf ada.
Ara. A measure of 2| seers.
Ai'a. A pit saw.
Ara. Spoke of wheel.
Mulara. Spokes of greatest thickness.
Demi ara. ") -,.
Manihlaara.l " ™'"^™'" '■
Gaj ara. ,, least ,,
! Arae oroe. Scalding, burning. The sen-
sation produced by eating or drink-
ing anything too hot, as chillies,
hot tea., &c.
Arao nroeenail marie jomte. My mouth burns
through eating pep\)er.
Lolo ca arae oroeii ilukeda. I scalded my
mouth by drinking hot tea.
AraU
19
Aroc
Aral?. Red, scarlet.
Jo araltakana. The fruit has begun to ripon.
(is becoming reddish) .
Arali ponij beiigef . To look daggers.
AraU. To loose, to set free, to let go, to
allow, to give waj', to make way for.
Uni niaraii hor baijaekate horili araKadea.
Knowing him to be a great man I made way
for him.
Tikin aparaKa. Thoy will unclasp hands.
AragoKako. They will be set free.
• ' ,,' • f Pot herbs, vegetables.
Arak saKam.) °
AraK teKkeko. House wives.
Arak jhawar. UtricviLaria bifida Linn.
Foundin moist situations, and used as a medicine.
Arak kudrum. The Roselle plant, Hi-
hiscvbs Sabdariffa, Linn.
Cultivated as an article of food, and also for its
fibre.
Arak jhar. HsBmaturia.
Arak orok. To stare vacantly about.
AraK oroKe behgefeda. He stares vacantly
about him.
Ai-ak pordhol. "1 Blood from womb pas-
Arak pordol. J sages.
Arak sakam. Plants and leaves, cul-
tivated and wild, used as pot-herbs.
Arak sul. Bloody dysentery.
Aral koral. To be stupified through
inhaling smoke, smoking ganja,&c.,
to be stupified, perplexed, confoun-
ded; the eyes to nip with smoke.
NunaK afte galljae orleda, oet bah ae, mi6 dhao
orregeye aral koral utarena. He pulled so
strongly at the ganja, that with one pull he
was quite stupified.
Aran. Voice, cry.
Arahlan aiijom thike£taea. We recognize his
voice.
Khange serma khon mi£ ^ei arah hecena. Then
a voice came from heaven.
Aranga. Large, enormous.
Noa do adi araiiga ka( kana. This is an enor-
mous log.
Arani dan. A measuring rod.
Arao. To clothe, to put on the person.
Mit goteo mala uni kuriaK hotoKreKo arao
daporadea.
Arap. \Slightly, to glance off, to miss
Arop. J by a hair's breadth, to shave,
to graze.
TuAledeali, arop go^kedeaii. I shot at him,
but only grazed him.
Note do aropgeye dalJkeda. There was only
slight rain here.
ThoraA aropkedea. I just grazed him (with
my arrow.)
Arar. A 3'oke, to accept responsibility.
Mi£ araj daiira. A yoke of oxen.
TJrid aray. Cattle.
Bao ararlena. Ho declined tlie responsibility.
IilaU arar lade johpe. Take my yoke upon you.
Arar. The Yoke constellation, being
the three stars in Orion's belt.
Arar ipilko rakapakana. The Yoke constella-
tion has risen.
Araraok. (1) Ripening, mellowing as
fruit. (2) Officious.
(1) BeleK lagi£ araraoKkana. The fruit is ri-
pening.
(2) Uni do 9.diye ararao baraekana. He is
acting very officiously.
Aras. A pole placed on the top of a
cart loaded with sheaves, and tied
down to keep load from shifting.
iVrasi parasi. Cf. arosi parosi.
Arba. "i Indian Scaly ant-eater, Manis
Harba. / fcviadncfyhi.
The Santala believe that gundli (q. v.) sown by tt
person wearing a ringmad^ from a soalo of
the Harba will not be attacked by flies. The
ring must be cut by a flint, if iron is used it
loses its virtue.
Arda. In a state oi nature, fallow, un-
broken to work, uninured.
Arda bir. Primeval forest.
Arda kuri. A virgin.
Arda (Jaiira. An ox unacoustomed to the yoke.
Arda jel. A deer that has not been shot (a hun-
ting term.)
Arda ot. Land that has never been cultivated.
Ardas. To complain, to lay a charge
against, to accuse.
Uni then duk suk realc dobo ardas dareaKa.
We can lay our grievances before him,
Ardasadi/iae. He complained against me.
Ardhangi. Hemiplegia.
Ardu. \ Of enormous size, applied
Silodha. J only to tigers.
Are. Nine.
Are. Edge, margin, side.
Hor arere. By the side of the road.
Gaija are areteko calaKkana. They are mar-
ching along the river bank.
Are. To dam up, to erect a dam ; rid-
ges round rice fields to prevent the
water running off.
Gadale areakata. We have thrown a dam
across the stream.
Are laW . To trim the ridges round the rioe
fields.
Areo. To bale out water, to throw
water at.
Aree aTljedme. Bale it dry.
DaR bhageteko arei johkana. They are throw-
ing water on each other (with the hands.)
Areci garei
P.,"..
[ 20 ]
Aiir kuiir
Ared garec. Easy, simple, of no im-
portance.
Areo garoo alom bujhana. Do not regard it as
easy.
Noa Icatha ared garedem bujhaueda ? Do you
think tliis a thing to be trifled with ?
Arogel. Ninety.
Arel. Hail ; to hail.
Arelte (ufi goekedeas, nui toyo do. This
jackal was killed by hail atones hitting him.
Argarha. Difficulty, entanglement,
mischance.
Argat. Proper time, favourable mo-
ment, in good time, morning, early.
Afgatre bape hedlente bape liamlaKa. Ton
did not come at the proper time, and so
did not receive.
Argatrem setercna, dakaakaCale. Ton have
arrived at the right time, we have done the
cooking.
Argo. \To descend, to lower, to be
Argon. J with young.
5.rgo hodoUm*. Come down quickly.
Cot khonko argokedea. They lowered him
down from above.
Nui ggii do argoakadae. This cow is in calf.
Argon. Cf. argo.
ArgoQgar. To obfuscate, to lead away
from the scent, to confuse by dis-
putation, DO mislead, to defraud
justice, to prove thatblackis white.
Argohgare kuliea. He will ask misleading
questions.
Arharo barharo. "( Old man and wife,
Adharo budharo. J old bachelor, or
old maid.
Afharo barharo menaKkinge. The old couple
are still alive.
Argom. A clod crusher, a harrow
without teeth ; to harrow.
Argom bhuli. The hole into which the shaft,
to which the cattle are yoked, is inserted
into the harrow.
Argom. A constellation so named. It
is part of the constellation Scorino,
and is composed of 4 stars, three
of which are in line, and the other
at the apex of the triangle. The
star at the apex is Antares, or cor
scorpii, a star of 1st. magnitude.
Argom laga. To decide without full
investigation, to ride rough shod
over.
Avgompe lagaeda, bah ^hikpe bio?.reda.
Arhaia. (1) Two and a half. (2) Cho-
lera, also scouring in cattle, which
terminates fatally in two days and
a half. (.3) Rice that ripens in two
months and a half from being sown.
(4) A weight or measure of 2^
seers.
Arho. Again, more.
Ari. "I To implore, to beseech, to beg
Jari. J eai-nestly.
Ari. A hand saw.
Ari. A law, a rule, an institution.
An ^ri. Laws and ceremonies.
Ari. A measure.
Ari bandhi. To look carefully, to con-
sider carefully, to examine care-
fully, to note carefully.
Ari b?.ndhile ilelkeda, bodoltepe omalekanft.
We noted her carefully, you are giving us
another in exchange.
Sikiom bahako 9.ri hgindhipe, oofloka haraK-
kana. Consider the lillies how they grow.
Arid. Much, many.
Arid. ■) (1) To pour off liquid so as to
Arid. J retain the solid particles.
(2) To persecute, to defraud.
Afid dal^ manfji. Eice water that has been
poured off after the rice has been boiled.
(1) DaU mantjiko arija. They pour off the rice
water (from the boiled rice.)
(2) Kisar do ?i.diye aridediilkana. The master
persecutes me very much.
Mahajon do g.'Jiye ariukodiiia. The money len-
der defrauded me (bled me.)
Ari dhari. Carelessly, thoughtlessly.
4fi (Jbgiritem calaoena, onatem bajaoena. You
struck against it because you went care-
lessly.
Arik parik. Clean, spotless, unsoiled,
pure.
Arik parik gibunoKme. Wash your bands very
clean.
Arika. Rice beer.
Aril kuril. To stare, as when smoke
nips the eyes.
Arir kurir. \
Kirir kirir. ^Loudly, noisily.
Karur barur.J
Uni gidr?. ma g.rir kuriro raraRkana. That child
yells while crying.
Kg,rur b?i,ruro hohoadea. He called loudly to
him.
Aris
[ 21 ]
Arot
\ To trouble, worry, annoy,
Aris. bore, bother, disquiet,
Arisi. I disturb, plague, bad-
A.ris paris. ger ; disgusting, shock-
J ing.
Alom ^fisa. Do not annoy.
K^miro bako ^jrisoKa. Thoy do not find work
a burden,
^rieigeye lleloKkana. Ho is disgusting (dis-
guata ono to ace him.)
Arisia. Easily annoyed, or troubled.
Nui do ^risia hoj- kanae. This is a person who
is easily annoyed.
Aris paris. Cf. aris.
Arit'. To see, to look.
^it liamkedeail. :^el liamkodeali. I looked
and found him.
Arit' kuril To stare round about, to
look intently, to look carefully.
Oo%a. mela t»n(Jire ^.rii kuri£ ili betigo€ko€rehB
ban rtel liamledea. Although I looked
carefully through all the fair ground I did
not find him.
Arjan. A buffalo goad tipped with
iron ; to incite, to goad.
Arjanem. Incite him.
Arjao. To gain, acquire, earn ; to ob-
tain a good harvest, or crop.
Nes go khubko arjaoakafa. They have had a
good hoTTeat this year.
Bale arjaoleda. We had a oad harveat.
-Ajja ^rji. Request, excuse, plaint, pe-
tition.
Arjha arjhi. Ravelled.
Arjhau. To ravel, entangle, hinder,
jumble.
Baber alom af jb^u ocoea. Do not ravel the
twine.
Arjo. To put oil in the ear.
Aijon.
Arjon birjon.
Orjon.
Arjonia. A producer, one on whom
one trusts or relies. Employed
generally by a mother when com-
mending or rebuking a daughter.
Nui do arjoni? kantiiiae. She is the ono on
whom I rely.
Arjoni? kanae. She is ono to bo relied on
(mockingly.)
Arkathia \
Arkati. J- A cooly recruiter.
Arkatia. J
Agi-icultural produce,
crops.
Arkha. "» To covet, long for what
Arkha arkhi. j another has.
Arkhao. To disappoint, to deceive, to
break word, promise, faith.
Arki. Perhaps.
OhoA men darelca, arki bako idiaka£koa. I
cannot aay, perhaps they have not taken
them away.
Arkuc. The amount of oil obtained
from one full press.
Tin arkuo menalftapea? How often have you
filled the oil preaa {and drawn off the oil P)
Armarao. To struggle in the death
throes, or through suffocation, to
be overpowered, flustered.
Uni gujuK I»gi£ armaraoK kanae. Ho is strug-
gling in the throes of death.
Armn. Biursera serraia, Colehr. A
large forest tree, yielding valuable
timber.
Arna. In a state of nature, primeval,
wild, untamed, unbroken, barbar-
ous, uncivilized.
Ama bir. Primeval forest.
Arna ka<la. Wild buffalo.
Arna hor. A barbarian, a mis-anthropo
Aro. To cook, to prepare food.
Matkom aroabonme. Cook some matkom (q. v.)
for ourselvee.
Iain aro. To cook.
Iain aroena. It is cooked.
Aro. In composition has the same
meaning as re in English, repeti-
tion, again.
Benao aro. To re-make.
Dal aro. To beat again.
Jut aro. To repair.
Iain aro. To cook over again.
Kuli aro. To re-question, re-examine.
Aroj. Request, petition, plaint, ex-
cuse.
Aroj joii kanaii. I am petitioning.
Aroj menal^tilia. I have a request to make.
Aront. A warrant.
Aront jari. To execute a warrant.
Arop. Cf. arap.
Arosi parosi. \ Neighbours ; neighbour-
Arasi parfisi. j ing.
Ar6t. Dense.
Arot bir. Dense forest.
Arot. Meaning, (Bengali ortho.)
Arot
09
As
Ar6t. (1) Hard, unsympathetic, con-
fident, fearless, regardless of con-
sequences.
(2) Disgusting, filthy, dirty.
(1.) Uni do a4i arOt hoy kanae. He is a very
unsympathetic man.
(2) Cetlekan arot hor kanae, tiarehD bae umoUa.
What a filthy fellow he ie, he never bathes.
Arpa. A fathom ; the distance be-
tween the tips of the fingers when
both arms are stretched to full
length.
Arpa. To gather together by littles,
to collect perquisites, as daughters
do while at home.
Ir arpa. A sheaf given daily during harvest to
labourers — men or women — who are hired
by the year.
TJnkin do more serma habio on(Jekin tahena, ar
kuri doe arpa joiia. They remain there five
years, and the girl collects her perquisites.
Arr. Used to attract attention when
the person's name is unknown.
Arr ! Okaren kanam p Hey ! where do you be-
long to?
Arradifiae. He called out 9irr to me.
Arra arri. "j Short-tempered ; to be exci-
Adra adri. j-ted, as buffaloes when they
Adrao. J scent blood, (Sic, to bellow,
to howl, to growl.
Mo£ todoK leka haaokedea, giiji b^rii^e aryn
g.rriena, kul do.
Arrao. To bellow.
Arrao. To fix a banghy load, to make
the banghy and load ready for car-
rying.
Bhariij arraome. Get the banghy and load
ready.
Kan(Ja arraome sikug-rre. Put the pot in the
sling (of the banghy.)
Arsa. Excuse, plea, pretence, ground
or reason assigned ; to fret to get
something.
Coio araaefkaua ? "What excuse does he plead ?
Matkom andalf arsateko dohokediria. They de-
tained me on the plea of giving me matkom
andaK (q. v.)
Arsa arsi. To plead an excuse, to
throw the onus on each other, to
contend as to who shall not do
anything that is to be done.
Dakao l3.gi£kin arsa qirsiUkana. They are con-
tending as to who shall not cook the rice.
Arsal. A temporary light.
Cere araal. To throw a light for an instant on
a bird at night for the purpose of catching
it.
Arsalkate tiamme. Light something and look for
it (and then extinguish the light.)
Arsa pitha. A kind of sweet bread
made from rice flour and raw sugar.
Arse. Of. itat.
Arsen torsed.l Uncomfortable feeling
Ersen torsed.j of a person after having
eaten too much, or of a person
suffering from dropsy ; to be unable
to rest at night owing to the heat.
Arse taha. Certainly, truly, of a truth,
in fact.
Arse taha, setoiite dhip^uakana. Of a truth
it is heated by the sun's rays.
Arsi. A mirror, a looking glass.
Arsiii barsiri. \A day or two, a short
Musiri barsiri. J period.
4Lrsiii bgirsili lagit uoncjebo heeakana. We are
here only for a short time (in this world).
Arta. A red pigment applied to the
feet by women at a marrige ; to
apply arta to the feet.
Artagom. A large migratory bird,
which passes over Santalia in a
south-east direction at the begin-
ning of the cold weather.
Ar 1
. ■ , [-More, in addition to.
Arti. To help a second time to food,
or liquor.
Aruc taruc. To go smash at a thing,
to smash dash ; impetuously, head-
long. _
Nui do giruo tg/fuoe k^mikana. He smashes
at his work.
Aruk dharuk. Here and there, every-
where ; to bully, to dragoon.
Soetan aruK dharuKe calalikana. The devil
roams every where.
Aruii paruri. To sulk, to be in the
dumps, doldrums, sulks, to be in
bad humour, glum, sulky.
CedaKe g.ruli pg.ruii bajaekana ? Why is he in
the doldrums ?
Arup. To cleanse, to wash off stains, &c.
.^rup napae. To cleanse thoroughly.
Arwaidha. ') rr i
Arwhaidha. j ^°° "^^"^h' excessive.
Arw3.idham ladeakawadea. Tou have loaded
him too heavily (laid too much on him.)
As. Proper quantity, j ust as much as
is good for one, a little.
As leka/i emadea. I gave him just as much as
was good for him.
AskedoaA. I gave him a little food.
L -i-^ J
Asba.i
As. 1
As bhorsa. J-To hope, expect, trust, to
Asra. j rely on.
As chut^u. To lose hope, to despair.
UniaK as llelkateli mokodena. I am tired wait-
ing for him.
Okoe asrare non^ope heoakanap Trusting in
whom have you come hero ?
Isorre as bhorsa dohoakan tahonpo. Continue
trustin|f in God.
K^mi llamili asolckana.
work.
I am hoping to get
|- Aim ; to take aim.
As.
As.
Bail (hikem aslatta, onatem c^fickedea. You
missed him because you did not take a
proper aim.
Bejie tnikem aslaKa, liurhj ut9irkedeam. You
aimed splendidly, and brought him right
down.
As, Scales of fish.
Asa6 usuc.
Asat usuc. To weep, to sob and cry,
Asa^ usiil to weep for a lengthen-
Kasat kusut.J ed time.
Hit liind^ aea,i nsuCe raKkeda. He sobbed and
cried the whole night.
Asae. Eggs of the green fly which
become maggots.
Boko asaeaka£a. The green flies have deposited
eggs on it.
Asae sawile. Good fortune, object of
desire, aim, opportunity, oppor-
tune moment, first opportunity,
first time, after a long time.
OhoA emlema, asae sawae neMe ut^riii liam-
akawana. 1 cannot give you any, now only
has fortune favoured me.
Asaha dusaha. Of evil omen, ill
omened.
Noa calcem roreda, asaha dusaha? Why do you
say this of evil omen? (to the sick man.)
Asa jawa. Coming and going.
As amol. Food forbidden to a sick
person, or to one aspiring to sanc-
tity after Hindu ideas. Cf amol.
Asambher. Abundant, beyond mea-
s\ire, unlimited, beyond endurance.
Isoraf daya do asambhergetaea. God's mercy
is infinite.
Asambher kathae metadea. He spoke words
to him that were beyond endurance.
Asami. A tenant, a defendant, an
accused, a debtor, a client.
Uni doe asami kana, noa mamblare. He is de-
fendant in this case.
Asam usum. Half-awake, drowzy,
sleepily.
Asam usume boret'akana. Ho has risen before
being properly awake.
Asam usum. Leisurely, without fear,
said of the larger wild nocturnal
animals.
Bana asam usume calattkana. The bear is
walking leisurely along.
As.ania. Lazy, procrastinating, slothful.
Asan mandao. (1) To sit tailor- wise
for a long time, to sit about with
nothing to do ; lazy. (2) To lie
down, as an animal in its lair.
(1) Asan manglaoakanae, hoKrhokan leka. He
has taken up his position, as if he were a
watchman.
Asan poda. \Lazy, strong but useless,
Sawan pocja. / fusionless.
Asan usun. Cf asam usum.
Asapati hormo. To be enciente.
Asap^ti hormoenae She is eizciente.
Asar. The fourth Hindu month, June-
July.
Asaria. Belonging to the month of
Asar.
Nui bar asg.rif> ren damkom kanae. This steer
is in its second year, (calved in Asar).
Asaria. A climbing plant so called.
Buru asg^n^. Oappari^ hovHda, Linn.
Asarphi. A gold coin, known only by
report to the Santals.
Osot h'^'' '^'^*^'^^-.
Asat osot. Lazily, leisurely.
CedaK onka asat osot dom k9.mikana ? Why do
you work so leisurely ?
Asat os6t. Bulky, unwieldy, full ; to
.waddle through fatness or obesity.
Asathi.\p.^jgg untrue, unreliable.
Asoto. J
Nui do asathi hor konae. He is an unreliable
person.
Asat USUC. Cf asad usuc.
Asali usul Cf asae usuc.
Asbasao. \ Tired, wearied, aonfused,
Esto besto.J perplexed.
Durup durupteli asbasaocna, Saheb bae odokoK
kana.' I am wearied with sitting (waiting),
the Saheb does not come out.
Darore dec man deocn, oka lekateii argona as-
basaoged aikauoda. I have got up the tree
all right, but am perplexed as to how I shall
get down.
Pithg.teli jom asbasaoena.
Asec tase6
[ 24 ]
Asra
Asec tasec."! Abounding, a wealth of,
Alec tasec. y rich, possessed of so much
Tarn tase. j as to be careless of it ; to
scatter, to squander.
Horo caole aaoo taseo menaKtakoa. They have
a wealth of dhan and rice.
AoaR dhone ased tasec cabakeda. He has squan-
dered his wealth.
Ased maran. ") -.t ^
. , . > Very large, enormous.
Aset maran. j j & '
Ased maraii ka( kana. It is an enormous log.
Ased maraii daU hijuRkana. A heavy shower
is approaching.
Asen. To lead about, to carry about,
to conduct, to tend.
Gidra alom asen baraeea. Do not take the
child about.
Aseri taseii. Spread out, lying about,
scattered here and there.
Aseii tageiige menaUa, do hgtr samtaokate agu-
kam. The (things) are lying about, go and
gather them together and bring them here.
Asepase. Cf adepase.
As ghur ghur. ") A call to cattle, or oxen
As gur gur. J at the plough to cause
them to turn.
Asiar. To inconvenience, to encum-
ber, to plague.
Asiar hormo. To be pregnant.
Bad asiarkoa. I will not inconvenioncG them.
Nui ?i3iar cucha menaea, nui i^togcii asig-rakana.
He is a nuisance, and I am plagued on hie
account.
Asin. The seventh Hindu month,
September — October.
A.sintara. Belonging to the month
Asin.
Asintara kat. Timber cut in Asin.
.^sintaya goda bitha. High lands ploughed in
Asin.
Asintara.
Asintaraii.
Asintara kul. A huge tiger.
Asirbad. Blessing, to bless.
Asirbadaleme. Bless us.
Asis. To curse.
AsisarikSnae. He is our.sing me.
Asil To unstring a bow.
AR asitkakme. Unstring the bow.
Asil A running knot ; to tie a running
knot, to tie with double loops, so
that by pulling one end the knot
will come loose.
[■ Large, huge.
Asit. To die down, as plants in winter,
to be exhausted, to unwind.
Jomattte asiCenale. Our food is exhausted.
Setoii dinre nari ^.sidoRa. Climbing plants die
down in the hot weather.
j9isi£enae. He has lost his wealth.
Askal. A jungle bird.
Askandni. F. \ Peevish, crying for
Askandnu. M. j little, fretful.
Gidr? ?(Ji askanduigeae.' The girl cries for
Uttle.
Askandua. Fever that begins with-
out premonitory symptoms, and
lasts only a short time.
Asket. To be lazy, indolent, sluggish,
languid after over exertion.
Alom asketoRa, k^mitalaiime. Do not be lazy,
do the work for us.
Asketia. ILazy, sluggish, slothful, in-
Askotia. J dolent, do-nothing.
Nui do g.di asketi^ hof kanae. This is a very
lazy man.
As mandao. "1 To squat, to sit in one
Asan mandao. /posture without change,
to sit about a long time.
Dufup as mancjaoakanae. He has seated him-
self as if he never intended to get up.
Asok tayok. \To wander, to go about
Ayok tayok. j aimlessly.
AsoR tayoR bafaekanao.
about.
He goes wandering
Asokaete. Particularly, especially, as
a rule, generally, most certainly,
necessarily.
Asol. Chief, fundamental, real, true,
genuine.
Asol katha. The matter of tact.
Asol Bona. Genuine gold.
Asol jinis. The real thing.
MesalaR kangea, asolak do bah kana. It is a
mixture, not the genuine article.
Asor. To cease raining, to clear up
after rain.
Asorkedae. It has ceased raining.
DaR iii asor ocoaRa, enkhaetert calaRa. I will
let it clear, then I shall go.
Asor tambor. Tottering, weak on the
legs, as a fat child learning to walk.
Asorphe. Cf. asarphi.
Asot. Cf asat.
Aspas. Neighbourhood.
Asra. Cf as.
Asi
Ata-
Asrac. Refuge, shelter.
Ona oraKreii asraelena. I took shelter in that
house.
Asrat. Old and large, corpulent,
wealthy, great.
Nui bill do *(Jie ?.aratgea. This is a very large
serpent.
Nui do aiji ^srai^ hor kanae. This is a very
wealthy man.
Astabal. A stable.
Astan, Unfortunate, lazy, incapable,
not equal to.
Astin. A sleeve.
^Tsa$J'' }^l^ays, all the day long.
Asuk. Uncomfortable in mind or body,
Asul. To support, to maintain, to
nourish, to supply the necessaries
of life, to domesticate.
Asul janwar. A domesticated animal.
Asul ba<Jha Adopted.
Asul haralcedeali. I brought him up.
Potamiii a.suledekana. I am keeping a wild
dove.
Asur. Greedy, gluttonous.
As us. To move uneasily while asleep-
to reply sullenly, as a person awak-
ing from sleep.
Aswar. Riding on any thing, as a
horse, a palki, &c.
Aswari.lThe act of riding on anything.
Sowari. J
Aswaria. (1) A palki. (2) A rider.
Aswariateye calaKkana. He is travelling by
palki.
Khub aswaria kanae. He is a good rider.
At. To lose.
Nel a£. To lose sight of.
At' apat'. The very image of each other.
AC to€. To make mistakes.
Sap a,i. To lose hold of.
At. The edible root of a common
climbing plant, Zehneria uvihel-
lata, Tkw. The plant itself is
called Kundri.
At. ^Opportunity, expedient, op-
At ghat. J ening, suitable time, fa-
vourable opportunity.
Sasap at bail liameda. I can't get a chance to
seize
Oka at ho bah calal^kantalea. No expedient is
possible for us.
Atreii Jlammea, tobeil metama. I shall find you
at a suitable time, and shall then speak to
you.
At. Zealous, vehement, forcible, strong,
intense, vigorims, loud, difficult,
fast ; t(i insist, to incite, to persist.
Niinijlt ate liohokeda. Ho called so loudly.
Aiji at araiite. With a loud voice.
Atteye dalkedea. He struck him with great
force.
Ata. A raised platform from which
wild animals are shot, an ambush.
Sukrire afako durupa. They shoot pigs from a
raised ambush.
Atako duruplena, menkhan tg.rup bae argolena.
They sat in the raised ambush, but the 'leopard
did not appear.
Ata. Flour, meal.
Ata. To roast grain over fire in a
pecuhar way, generally in sand ;
to fire.
Ataohoc. The potsherd in which the grain is
roasted.
Jondra ata. Roasted Indian corn.
But ata. Boasted gram.
Cha ataeme. Fire the tea (in manufacturing.)
Ata ati. To dispute, to wrangle, to
contend, quarrel.
Nukin dokin ata afigea, delabon phan(Jaokata-
kina. These two are wrangling, come we
wiD settle the matter for them.
Ata carec. A few stalks of grass or
split bamboos about a foot in
length tied together with which
the grain is moved about when
being roasted on the ata sy,steni.
Atak utuk. 1 /-I/. ■ , , ,
Atac utuc. I '^f- ^*^P "^"P-
Atal. A layer, story ; row upon row.
Atal atalteko durupakana. They are sitting in
rows (one behind the other.)
Atal baha. A flower so named.
Atal gondal. A large assortment of
cloth of various ages, qualities
and colours.
Atal gondal kiorid menaKtaea. He is rich in cloth
of all kinds.
Atal phuruM. A cup made with double
leaves.
Atan. To receive, to take, to hold out
the hand to receive anj'thing, to
spread out to receive, to set the
head as a horned animal when
about to gore, or butt.
Ataii dak. Water caught in a ves.^iel.
Bhalte sariA a.tafi darama. I will receive the
arrow on my shield.
EogcA lagife atauedilia. He sets his head to
butt mo.
Iliak romal atafiakatail. I have spread out mj
handkerchief (to receive it).
Atap jarap
[ 26 ]
Atkao
Atap jarap. Parched with thirst or
hunger.
Atap utup. To be raised up as a car-
pet, &c, by something under it.
Honyako atap utup baraeeda, maya phutkate-
ye dairkeda. Halloo 1 lats are moving
about (under the straw), look out ! lie has
darted out and escaped.
Atap utup. \A rumbling sound ; wind
Utup utup./ on the stomach.
Lao atap utuboKkana. Wind rising in the
stomach,
Atar. In composition, used mainly by
women, like " dapor" which see.
Sen ataroEmae. Let him take himself off.
I)?.r atarke£geae. He has run away (and a good
riddance.)
Kul ho bae jom atarekan. The tiger even does
not devour him.
Atar. To set fire to ; to burn.
OraKko atarkeftaea. They set fire to his house.
Atarediii leta hasoedili kana. It pains me as if
it were burning.
Seiigelte mooae atartaea. He applies fire to his
mouth.
Noa birko atar potaUkeda. They have set fire
to and burned up this jungle.
Ata sata. Food, victuals.
Ata sata cefhS bg-nukantaea. He has no food
whatever.
Ata sata. Cf. atha satha.
Ata talsa. Food, such as taben (q. v.)
khajari, (q. v.). satu (q. v.) &o.
Atasi patasi. A spell used by mothers
when their children are slightly
hurt and cry.
A child hurts its finger, for instance, and runs
crying to its mother, who after examining
the finger says " at?si patasi" and blows
upon it.
Aten. GoTiibretum decandrum Roxb.
A gregarious soandent shrub, the twigs of which
are used to make baskets.
Aten. To listen, to eaves-drop.
Aten babrakanae. He is eaves-dropping.
Atet. To spread ; a bed.
Ate£te calaKme. Go to bed.
Noa do oyon lagif, ar noa do ated l^gif. This
is for a covering, and this to spread (under-
neath you at night.)
Ate£ sii. \ To fore-ordain ; pre-
Oisit atel; sil J arranged.
Isor do nni hor gujulf realfe olsi^ a.teisita.'k&ia,.
God has ordained this man's death,
Atgate. Strait, narrow, contracted,
small in space, cramped.
Bejae noa do atgate hor kana. This is a very
narrow path.
Am do bejae atgateregem dnrupakana. Tou
are sitting in very small space (i.e. you have
crushed yourself in.)
Deep, great, very, enor-
mously, unfathom-
able, bottomless.
Atha. ^
Athaha.
Athan.
Athani.
Athan thar.
Athathan.
Athan marah hathi menaetaea. He has an
enormously large elephant.
Athaha dak. Very deep water (unfathomable.)
Atha satha. Strength, energy.
Id do atha satha bail aikaueda. I feel no stren-
gth (or energy.)
Atha sathail ^ikau lioKeda. I feel a little
stronger.
Ath cala. A house having the veran-
dah roof lower than that of the
house.
Athe athon.
Athe athwan.
■) Very close together,
J thick, very many.
Athe athwaiie ghaoakana. He is covered with
sores.
Athel. A jungle bush, Murraya exo-
tica, Willd
Atho sitho. Pithless, weak, vainly.
Baiiem tul dareaKkhan atho sitho cedaKem
tntulkana ?
Athrg. To lean against, to rest on, to
prop, to put in wedge, to place
under for purpose of raising.
Dhirire bohoKe athreeda. He piUows his head
on a stone.
SilpiA jhiokate athrekam, alo siAoKa mente.
Open the door and place something against
it to prevent it closing.
Ati. A bundle, a small sheaf
Gachi atiakat'ako. They have bound the seed-
lings into small bundles.
Atin. To graze, to browse, to feed, to
spread as a sore, or skin disease, &c.
Lumamko S'tii idiakat'a. The caterpillers have
eaten all up.
Gaiko g.tiii johkana. The cows are grazing.
Atis kutis. Innumerable, very many,
very often.
Atit. \To leave home and family as a
Utit. J wandering jogi, or phakir; an
ascetic, a devotee.
Atit jngi. An ascetic who has left house and
home.
Atit lekae calaoena. He has gone off like a
phakir (without saying where he was going
to.)
Atkao.lTo prevent, hinder, check, ob-
Atok. J obstruct.
Cala^ill atkaoea. I will prevent him going.
Atkar
[ 27 ]
Atu
Atkar. To feel, to think, to be conscious
of; to impress one.
GujuK lekafi ajkareda. I feel like dying.
Hape nahaKlah atkar ooomea. Wait a little, I
shall make you feel.
Bail thik a^karoKkana. It doea not impress
one as being right.
AKatkaraS. The oonsoionoe.
Marah i»te atkaroKgea. Being large it will be
noticed, (or felt.)
Atkir. Smilax ovalifoUa, Roxb.
A common jnngle olimbing plant.
Atkir. To snatch away, to run away
with, to steal.
Bine ^tkira. He will run away without pay-
ing his debts.
Atkura. Childless, barren, without
an heir born of his own body.
Owaris bah toflenkhan bat^ha hoponge a^knr^
dhohko hataoa. Failing an heir adopted
sons inherit the unclaimed wealth.
Atkura. A forest tree, Wrightia to-
mentosa, JR. &. S.
Atkura arak. The fresh leaves of
Wrightia tomentosa used as a
pot herb.
Atkuti. Argemone Mexicana, Linn.
A prickly annual the seeds of which yield an
oil.
Atnak. A large forest tree, Termina-
lia toinentosa, W. and A.
The tassar silk worm {Antheraea mylitta) is
reared almost entirely on this tree in the
Santal country.
Atnasat.\ Unintelligible, confused,
At sat. J weak, unintelligently,
improperly.
At n9 a^tsm galmaraokana. Yon speak unintel-
Ugently.
At s^tili ^ik^ueda, cei sat h3 bah. I feel very
weak, no strength whatever.
Ato. In composition like "oto" which see.
Bagi atoadeae. He left liim altogether.
Em atoadeae. He gave it up to him.
D^ndhire oko atokate oraSte calaoenae. Hav-
ing hidden it in a bush he went home.
Ato. A village.
Bir maK t^ndikatele atoakafa. We cleared the
jungle and have made a village.
Ato maSjhi. The village chief.
Ato hoyko. The villagers.
Atok. Cf. atkao.
Atom. 1 In order, one after the
Mii atomte. J other, all, every one.
Ona atorenko mi€ atomteko hecena. All the
people from that village have come.
Mif atomteko calaoena, oralire okoebo bg.nulf-
koa. They have all gone, there is no one at
home.
Atpa etpe. Skin rough from pimples,
or from lying on anything, ;is a
charpae, which leaves marks on
the body.
At pat. "I Flustered, without resource,
At patao.J perplexed, troubled, dis-
tressed, restless.
Eehgeote »tp*tle 9.ik»ueda. We are greatly
distressed through poverty.
Alo sem at patao baraea, thirkoSme. Do not
be so restless, remain still.
Atra. Half ; to fail, to come short, to
fall short, "to miss.
Atra hor. 7 -o- ir
Atradhur.{H^lf-^«'y-
IsoraK mohimako atraakada. They have come
short of the glory of God.
Atra matra."! Imperfectly ; imperfect
Atra patra. I work ; to half do a thing,
Adhapadha. j to leave some out, to
Tara tapra. j pass over some, to scamp
work.
Atra patra. Cf. atra matra.
Atre. After a lapse of, after, period,
periodically.
Mi£ din b^rsili atre. After a day or two.
Pepe cando atre. Quarterly.
Atre. To plough a field in sections.
Scottice, a double rig.
Atrom. To miss, to pass over, to ex-
clude.
CaEem atromkaekana ? Why do yon pass him
over (give to the others and not to him ?)
Atrom atrom. Half, incompletely.
Hana mundu do atrom atromgeko jhorakeda.
They only halt beat that jungle.
Atrui5. Depressed, ailing, sad, faint,
dejected, sulky, disinclined, dis-
pleased, disgusted, lazy.
Atruliili atkareda. I feel depressed (in mind.)
jondra daka jom jomtell g-truAena. I am
disgusted with always eating boiled Indian
com.
Onate mon ^truiientiiia. Therefore my heart
failed me.
At sat. Contradictory, confused, care-
lessly, at random.
Al; to£. Without certainty, at random,
overlooked, mislaid.
A^ to^le hecena. We came at random.
A.i totaR halan jaoraeme. Pick up what has
been overlooked.
Atu. To flow, to glide, to run, to
shed, to float.
DaR 3.tu cabaena. The water has all run away.
Atu go^kam. Float it away (throw it in to the
water and let it float away.)
Atuk jharuM
[ 28 ]
A war
Atu\t jharulj. Dense, thick, as a
jungle with undergrowth.
Atur. To hang down, to trail, to hang
over, to lag behind.
Partomre durupkate kiorie aturkedae. He sat
on the bed-stead, and allowed his cloth to
hang down over the edge.
Kanthar jo aturakana. The jack fruit hangs
down (from. the branch,)
Atut. Many, very numerous, in crowds.
Atut horko jarwaakana. The people are assem-
bled in crowds.
Atut bir. Dense, primeval forest.
Atwasi patwasi. Famishing, hungry.
An. Of inferior quality, worthless.
Noa bnrnre do eken au kat menalfa, Sarjom do
banulfan. There is oiily timber of an in-
ferior qnaUty on this hill, there is no
Sarjom.
Au katha.
-A.U- An interjection of surprize, used
only by women among themselves.
Am '■ nun din khon bae gidr?. joiikana.
Auapapa. Cf awapapa.
Au au. Cf. ao ao.
Auda. Cf. aoda.
Aujhar. To entangle, to hinder, to
ravel ; busy, occupied.
Sv\tam aujharakana. The thread is ravelled.
Sutam aujhsiroKa. The thread will ravel.
Aukhau. Dangerous, as an infected
village, or a jungle infested with
wild animals, helpless through
want of food.
Ona bir do aidi aukhaua, adi kule oaiikeakana.
That jungle is very dangerous, a tiger lies
in wait there.
Aula auli.
Aula ka.uli. I Disordered, confused, per-
Aula saula. i plexed.
Aula sauli. J
Aula aidikecUriae. He confused me.
4ula auliye hoeeda. It blows from all direc-
tions.
Aulau. To bewilder, to confuse, to
muddle, to perplex, to mix up.
Aunsa baunsa. Cf aosa biiosa.
AUntauk. Commotion in the stomach.
Lac auntauffkantiiia.
Aura auri. j^^^^^'y- thoughtlessly.
Auri. Not yet, before ; until.
Auriye hijulcre. Before he comes.
Aurikore. Before they come.
4uri liogekhan. If she, or he, is not ready yet.
Uni aurica.
TJni auri yea.
; He is not yet.
Aurid hiju]< dhabic. Until I come.
Auri. 1 False, in vain, carelessly,
Auriak. V indefinitely, ordinary, un-
Aurinak. j qualified, unfixed, un-
specified, ineffective.
Aurigeii emadea, tinalc coil tinaK. I gave him
without taking note, and can't say how
much.
AuriagoKa. Will become ineffective.
Isorak kathape a,uriakkeda. Te trifled with
God's word.
Etwar chaclakate auri din hilok caole bail lia-
moRa. Eice can only be had on Sunday (the
fixed day) and not on other days.
Auri hor. An unqualified person.
Auri din. A day not fixed.
Auri. \Straw from which the grain has
Ar. j been thrashed by beating it
against a piece of wood.
Busup is straw the grain from which has been
trodden out by oxen.
Gruchi is busup so drawn out as to lay the straw
lengthwise, and then tied up in bundles for
thatching, &c.
Auriak. Cf auri.
Aurinak. Cf auri.
Auri pathauri.l Thoughtlessly, in vain,
Auri sauri. J irreverently, need-
lessly, serving no purpose.
Probhu am ren Isor reak liutum auri pathauri
alom liumtaea. Thou shalt not take the
name of the Lord thy God in vain.
Ausan. Cf aosan.
Auta auti. Pain in the stomach.
Autan. Cf aotan.
Aiitauk. Cf auntauk.
Avi'l.' Cf awil.'
Awa. A potter's kiln.
Gelbar awa bhitri khon t^hukia bajia bachao
tol^kedam. You selected it out of twelve
kilns, by tapping and sounding it (com-
paring the choosing of a bride to the selec-
tion of an earthen pot.)
Awa. \The string which holds the
Awali.J spokes of a charkha (spin-
ning wheel) in order.
This string goes round the extremities of each
radius of each side alternately.
Awaj. Sound, noise, report.
Banduk reak awajiil aiijomleda. I heard the
report of a gun
Awal. Good, large, 1st class dhan land.
Awali. Cf awa.
Awansacua. Lazy, idle, slothful.
Awapapa. Piteously, bitterly, vehe-
mently.
Awar. Cf aowar.
Awnwi
[ 29 ]
Awasi. An heir.
Awatapa. Destitute, friendless, dis-
tressed, confounded.
AwatapaKmako. Let them be confounded.
Awil.\To raise the arm, to stretch out
Avil. J the arms, to dart out the
head, as a snake when it strikes.
Awil tiogme, Stretch the arm and reach it.
Ayah bill awil baraekanae. The cobra darts
its head to strike.
Gidr?. doe awiloKkana, ma heoeme. The child
stretches out its arms, take it up.
Ay;i. Really, truly, without mistake;
of a truth.
Ay a, liel kombrokedeali ; enreho bae go^ao
ocoal^a. Of a truth I saw him steal, still
he will not admit it.
Ayalc oyok.
Ayak uyuk.
Ayok tayok.
Ayuk tayuk.J out resource.
A3'an bid. The cobra.
Dudhi? ayah. ~^
Pomba ayah.
Kara ayah.
Jerell ayah.
Jola ayah.
Hende ayah.
Kabra ayah.
Ayan oyon.
into.
Do se, ayah oyoh behgefi baraeme, llel iiamam.
Ayat. A verse, a sentence.
Ayo. Mother, much used in interjec-
tions.
Ayoge. ■) jjgg^j, jj^g , qJj mother !
Ayogo. )
Ayo lekan sohag do okareli Aamkoa ? Where
can 1 find love such as my mother's was.
Ayok tayok. Cf. ayak oyok.
Ayuguh. An interjection of surprize,
sorrow, or pain.
Ayuk tayuk. Cf. ayak oyok.
Ayup. Evening, nightfall.
' Nondeko ayuboKa. They will spend the even-
ing here.
Ayup aumuh. Fully evening.
i)aK ayupkedae. It rained till evening.
SetaK khonle ayupkeda. We remained from
morning till evening.
Ayup payar. Eventide.
Ayur. To lead, to conduct.
AKyurie. A leader.
Janum sen alom ayurkoa. Do not lead them
towards the thorns (into difficulties.)
Bewildered, at a loss, en-
grossed, overcome, with-
■Varieties of cobras distinguish-
ed by Santals.
To stoop down and peer
>
S. }'
'athor.
In that way he mates
The village chief exacts
Ba.
Baba.
T> '■ !-No, not.
Ban. J
Bale calalfa. Wo will not go.
Bab. A cess imposed by Zemindars
on their ryots.
Bab. To demand, to exact, to ask for,
to request, to impose a contribu-
tion.
Onkae bab bajaakoa.
his demand.
Malijhi toae babakoa.
milk from them.
Taka emolc lagit'e babakawaljlea. He has asked
us to give money.
Baba. (1) Father ; (2) A term of respect
applied to elders, a term of endear-
ment applied to infants.
Babare. ) An interjection implying pain or
Baba go. ) sorrow.
E baba. Respectful address.
Henda baba. EospectfuUy calling attention.
Babac. Cf bae.
Babad. Cf bad.
Babaj. Cf baj.
Babaji. A class of Hindu fakirs, a
Hindu sadhu.
Babak. Cf. bak.
Babar. Cf bar.
Babar goten eugatkin tahenkhan kakit ehgat
do bar taka iral anae liama. If there are
two mothers the step mother, (or co-wife)
receives two rupees eight annas.
Babat. To itch.
Adi kalkal babatedilikana. It is painfully
itchy.
Babatedeteye ggiduroKkana. He scratches him-
self because he feels itchy.
Baber. Twine, string, principally that
made from backom. (q. v.)
JoKkha baber. A line for sounding.
Sosoii baber. A string used as a measuring
chain.
Babilond. To be scattered to the winds,
to be utterly lost, ruined, or des-
tro3'ed.
Tundi burn dhasaoen,
Disom do babilonden,
Kuindi mirueraKleda,
Disom do ropha rugiren.
Babla. The name of a tree. Acacia
arcobicn, Willd.
This tree yields the gum arable of commerce.
Babotre
[ 30 ]
Bad
Babotre. On account of, regarding,
respecting, about, in the matter
of, in behalf of.
Am babotre unaK iA haronlena. I was put to
60 much trouble on your account.
Babra. Cf bara.
Noako joto do bonga horgeko Jiam babrakana.
After all these t.binga do the heathen seek.
Babrao. Cf bhabrao.
Babrg. A Brahman.
Babreic. The best ma::_ at a marriage,
who remains with the bridegroom
until all the ceremonies and fes-
tivities connected with the mar-
riage are over.
Babric. The Intensive form of baric
■ (q.v.)
B^bricio. One who injures, &c.
Babu. A boy, a son ; used in addressing
a boy of inferior age, or position.
Used always by en elder sister when addressing
a younger sister's husband.
Bgtbu se mg-i ? Is it a boy or a girl ?
Babuttet'. His son, or the son.
Babure. Dear me !
Babu janga nari. A climbing plant so
called from the resemblance the
leaf bears to the human foot.
Babur. A tree, Acacia arabica,
Willd.
Babu rae. The young lord, or chief,
used banteringly to a peevish boy.
Babu rae do hona noae hursokana. The young
chief must have this and that.
Bac. To separate, to pick out, to refuse,
to reject, to leave out nothing, to
pass over nothing, to deliver.
Get' ho bae baca. He rejects nothing.
SanamaKgeye joma, Qei ho bae baca. He eats
all, and leaves nothing.
Baca. To decide upon, to prove, to
receive an answer from a witch
doctor, to find out.
Co^pe baca agukeda? Hoe hisit'le bacakeda.
What have you found? We have found
that the witch is an outsider.
Bacao. To choose, to select, to reject,
to refuse.
Bacha. A bull calf, a term of endear-
ment applied to a child, or younger
person.
Bacha dhontiii.
My little treasure (to a child.)
Bachao. To choose, to pick out, to select
to single out.
Bachao gidi. To reject.
Bachao cei. To select.
Bachao tot'. To pick out, to choose out of many.
Bachao bH. To select carefully.
Bachao joh. To choose for oneself.
Bachao liam. To find.
Bachi. A female calf.
Bachra. Half grown, young.
Bachra sadom. A colt.
Bachra dare. A sapling.
Bachra kora. A lad, a hobbledehoy.
Bachri bachri. Yearly, annually, every
year.
Backar. A prostitute, a harlot.
Backo. Cf. bhacko.
Backom. A jungle grass, Pollinia
eriopoda, Hance.
A useful grass from which twine and paper are
manufactured.
Backom baber. Twine made from backom
grass.
Baclao. To preserve, to save, to escape,
to depend on.
Noa kioriete rabaiiil5 baclaoena. By means
of this cloth I escaped the cold.
Bacol. Escape, salvation, rest, respite ;
to be saved, to remain.
Bacol banuktiJia. There is no escape for me.
Eken sahetge bacolakan tahekantakina. Only
their breath remained to them.
Bacon. Cf. bacol.
Bad. To name, to guess, to accuse, to
suspect, to accuse from ill will, or
a desire to injure.
Almarire cef menaka? Kicriciii badeda. What
is in the almirah ? I guess it is cloth.
Danko badkoa. They accuse them of being
witches.
Bad badkadea, menkhan bako sap dareadea.
They often accused (or suspected) him, but
have not been able to catch him.
Badteko metalikana. They accuse me through
ill wiU.
Bad. To separate, to subtract, to omit,
to reject.
Khoroc badkate. Subtracting the payments.
Noa hisab badkalcme. Omit this bill.
Bad. 3rd class rice land, which is high
and only enjoys a precarious supply
of water.
Bad horo. Eice grown on third class land.
B^dras. A variety of rice grown on third class
land.
Bad. (1) To multiply, to increase.
(2) A flood.
(1) 44iko b9.iJoRa. They will increase greatly.
(2) B9.1} argonkana, noa gaijare. This river is
coming down in flood.
Bada
[ 31 ]
Badliu,
Bada. A loan of seed given at sow-
ing time for which a double quan-
tity is returned at harvest.
Noa ita badateli flrguakat'a.
Badabadi. To accuse each other, to be
at enmity, to contend, to emulate ;
enmity, rivah-y.
Badabadieuako. They are at enmity with each
other.
Badac budu6. To bubble, as boiling
water, bubbles rising to the sur-
face of water.
Badae. To know, to be cognizant of,
to have knowledge of, to recognize.
Badae thik. To know of a certainty.
Ba^lae orom. To reoognize,
Badagiri. To be conceited, arrogant,
rude in presence of superiors,
swagger, give oneself airs.
Ba^agiriefkanae. He is giving himself airs.
Badai. "J To be proud, to be vain-
Adai badai J glorious, to be bumptious,
to be fastidious,to play the fine
gentleman.
A^iye b^4^ia, ad kathae tinaKe baijlae leka.
Badak. "| Coarse, overgrown, big and
BadgaU. j- unsightly, stout and coarse
Badgoi. J featured.
4risge lleloEkana, baijgo^ .
Badak. ") Broken up into holes, as a
Budak. J mud floor, or courtyard.
ApeaE raca beb?irid budjKakantapea. Tour
conrfcyard is all broken into holes.
Badak badak. Unseemly, vigourously.
BadaS badaSe egerkedilla.
Badak buduk. ") To move the lips as if
Buduk buduk. / speaking.
Lufciye ba^alf buduReda.
Badalte. On suspicion, on account of,
with a desire to injure, through
ill-will.
Badalte doko metaAkana. They accuse me
through ill-will.
Badao. To choose, to appoint to be told
off.
Chunka Pargana do Sarkar sece badaoakana.
Chunka Pargana has been appointed by the
government.
TinaS salis horko badaoakana? How many ar-
bitrators have been appointed ?
Badao. Ill-will, hatred, strife, variance.
Badao gekin tahekana. They were at strife with
each other. , . .„ .„
Uni tulucko badaolena. They bore him lU-wiH.
Mon badao. Admirable, exciting admiration,
captivating the senses.
Mon badaokateli dalkedea. I beat him to my
heart's content.
Badar. Very dense low jungle, a
thicket.
Sarjom badafre. In a thicket of Sarjom trees.
Badar. A receptacle in which the Pa-
harias of the Rajmahal hills store
Indian corn.
Badar budur. To rattle, a rattling
sound.
Baijar bu^nr liurena, charra do. The shot
rattled as it fell (into the gun.)
Badaria. \ Proud, fastidious, dainty,
Badgaria. J particular.
Am do 9dim b^^^ri^ kana, am \^gii okare daka
utuii liama ? Ton are very dainty, where
can I get rice and relish for you.
Badarot. Enmity.
Badar runda. A species of wild cat.
Badar selep. The buck of the ravine
deer, Gazella Bennettii.
Bad bad. Cf. bhad bhad.
Bade. The heddles of a weaver's loom,
which alternately raise or depress
the thread of the warp.
Badgae bodgoe. Stout, plump ; stou t
and coarse, applied only to girls.
Badgae boijgoe kuriko haraakana. The girls
have grown stout.
Badgak. Cf badak.
Badgak. \The sharp painful
Badgak badgak. J sensation produ-
ced by a prick with a pin or the
bite of an insect.
BadgaR marte ormodko gerkediia.
Badgarak. Litter lying about the door,
or in the court yard.
Badgaria. Proud, fastidious, dainty,
particular.
Badgocak. Hairy-faced, bristly hair
on face.
Badgocak. A common fern, Lygodium
JiexuosuTn. Sw.
Badgok badgok. "(Unequal in thickness.
Badgol; badgot. J as a thread ; rough,
as a sculpture ; heavy, broad featured,
Badgot. Cf badak.
Badha. Wooden sandals.
^*??*- , , ..- ] The toe post of the sandal.
Badha khunti. ) ^
Sadom khura badha. 1
Mundra badha. I
Dhapi badha. r
Khunfi badha I
Pachilg. khur* badha.-'
Varieties of wooden
sandals.
Bad ha
[ 32 ]
Badras
Badlia. To adopt, to pick up what
has been left, to appropriate, to
do odd jobs for a living.
4sul badha. To adopt.
B.ehgei ored hor dolco badha asuloKa.
Poor
people pick up a living any where
Eeiiged oredko do khsiraire hirid paairalfko bad-
ha joiia. Poor people appropriate what
has been left on the threshing floor.
Badha. Obstacle, hindrance, drag.
Chindau do bam menet'kana, badhagem lagaoeda.
You do not wish a settlement, you are
throwing obstacles in the way.
Badha. "1 Occult adverse influ-
fiadha bidhi. J ence, hindrance, inter-
ruption of a supernatural kind.
Badha bidhi lagaoadea, gujuKko ehopena.
Badha badhi. To increase, to get hot-
ter, as a quarrel.
Katha kathate badha badhienakin. Their quar-
rel got worse as they talked.
Badha bidhi. Cf badha.
Badhao. To increase, to multiply, to
enlarge, to grow, to advance, to
lengthen.
Din barhaoena. An advanced date has been
fixed.
Nui hor do mihu merom besko barhaoakantaea.
This man's cattle have increased' well.
Badhi. To bandage, to splice, to join
by successive rolls of a ligature,
to ligature.
Badhi. A Kgature made by cutting the cocoon
of the tassar silk worm into a long narrow
strip.
Badhi. To give, or take a large quan-
tity, to heap up ; a pile, a heap.
Daka badhime. • Give a large quantity of rice.
Mit' b?iclhi daka. A heaped plate of rice.
Badhi. A caste who work both in iron
and wood.
Badhia. A castrated boar, a hog.
Badhoe. A carpenter, a worker in wood.
Badhor. A S23ecies of fish with many
bones.
Badhor. ~l Crooked, cross grained
Badhoria. j kr
hard
Noa kat do adi badhora. This wood is cross
grained.
Badhori?. hor cet'e kamiama? An incapable
man, what work will he do for you ?
Badhoria. Expert in working in wood.
Badi. Enmity, ill-will, hostility, ani-
mosity, malevolence.
Nui uparre badiye lagaoeda. He has ill-will
against him.
knotty, useless, incapable.
Badi. Plaintiff, accuser, complainant,
suitor.
Pratibadi. Defendant, accused.
Badisti. Enmity, ill-will, hostility, ani-
mosity, malevolence, dislike.
Adi bjrid badisti lagaoakawadea. He is the
object of much ill-will.
Bad kolma. A variety of the rice plant
Badla. ") Exchange, recompence, reven-
Bodla. J ge, requital.
Badla alom halaea. Do not take revenge.
Kalomreho satomreho ona badlaA acura.
Badli. A substitute ; to exchange, to
substitute ; instead of, in exchange.
Badohi. A worker in wood, a village
carpenter.
Badohi. To gossip, to exaggerate,
to yarn, to deceive by verbosity ;
fluent.
Katha badohi hor. A story monger, a fluent
speaker.
Nui do katha adiye baolohia. He spins yarns.
Bador satok. Short neck and projec-
ting chin, ugly, disgusting.
Badosti. C£ badisti.
Badot. To be at enmity, to bear a
grudge against one, to bear ill-
will towards one.
Nukin 9.dikin badotakana. These two are at
great enmity with each other.
Badra. C£ badar.
Badra. To refuse, to leave untouched,
to cast aside, to use what is second
hand, to waste in using, to waste,
to pass over ; refuse, residuum.
Badra sunum. Oil extracted from refuse.
Nui gai do noa ghase badraakat'a. This cow
has wasted this grass (refused to eat it.)
Badralj. With great force, or momen-
tum.
Badralf marteye bind9.rena. He fell to the
ground with great force.
BadraU marteye tawak go(;kadea. He dashed
him down with great force.
Badrak badrak. At random, though-
lessly, nonsensically.
Badrak badrak. | The sound made bv a
Bardak bardak. j buffalo, or other
heavy animal running on moist
soil, or by a herd of cattle feeding.
Badras. A variety of rice grown on
high lands.
Bae
[ 33 ]
Baha
Bae. To store, to lay by, to keep shut
up, to put in a safe place,
Bolo baeakanae
Bae
Ban
le. \
ni-e. /
He is hiding inside.
Not-he.
Bae roylaKa. He did not speak.
Baiie hataoleda. He did not take.
Baelao. To wander about, to drive
cattle to their grazing ground from
ada (q. v.) to conduct water for
irrigation.
Baena. Earnest money, advance, han-
sel.
Dor damakadeaii,menkhan taka banuRtiAte
mi€ {aka baenali em ofoakawadea. I have
settled the price, but as I have no money
just now I have given him one rupee as ear-
nest money.
Baephol. A small common plant, Des-
modium polycarpum D. G.
Bag. A bridle, bit for a horse.
Bag aenom. A variety of the rice
plant.
Bagahi. Dangerous, infested with wild
beasts.
4i^i bagaihiakana, noa bir do. This jungle is
dangerous (through being infested with wild
beasts.)
Noa ato do bagjhigea, guti rogte ^diko gujulf-
kana. This village is dangerous, many
people are dying of small pox.
Bagan. A garden, a grove of planted
trees.
T> ° •■ !■ Mixed, impure, confused.
Koa ita bagaf gea. This seed is mixed.
Noa mamla bagragea. This case ia confused.
' Bagar gathia. ") Undersized, of juvenile
Bajar gathia. J appearance, not look-
ing one's age.
Bagdao. To destroy, to go wrong, to
be spoiled, to rout.
Gh9.ri bagdaoena. The watoh is wrong.
Bagdao. To lose, to miss, to be lost.
Dhobi mi€ ten kiorioe bagdaokeda. The wash-
erman lost a cloth.
Non^ell bagdao o^okadea. It was here I lost
him.
J^tri akoaK horko bagdaotakoa. The pilgrims
will miss their way.
Bag dhinuk. A large bow which is set
in the path of large wild animals.
Baghel. Cf bagahi.
Bagher. Dangerous through being
infested with wild animals.
Baghin janum. ■) A common thorny
Baghinjhawa. J climbing shrub,
Mezoneurum cucullatum, W. & A,
Baghler. Cf bagher.
Bagi. A tumtum, a light bamboo cart.
Bagi. To leave, to abandon, to forsake,
to dismiss, to quit.
B?.iiK do bako bagia. They will not quit sum-
mer-saulting.
Bagi oto. To leave outright.
Nir bjgiadeae. He ran and left him.
B9.gi bjgite. By fits and starts.
Bagica. '\ A garden, a tea garden, a
Bagoeca. I grove of planted trees, a
Bagwan. j mango grove.
Bagan J
Baglotte. By mistake, unintention-
ally.
Baglot'teii idikeda. I took it without intend-
ing it
Bagluca. A very troublesome annual,
Martynia diandra, Gloxin.
An oil is extiuoted from the seeds by a method
of distillation.
Bag paiijar. A variety of the rice plant.
Bagra. Fibre extracted from the leaf
of the Palmyra palm.
Bagra. Cf bagar.
Bagrum. Fat, corpulent.
Bagwan. Cf bagica.
Ul bagwan. A grove of mango trees.
Bah. To encourage, to incite ; help,
resource, opportunity.
Bah bafi liam dafeakkana. I cannot get an
opportunity.
Isore bahabona. God will help us.
Ma, ma, seta bahaeme. Incite the dog.
r, , 'i , J- Bravo! well done!
Bah ! am do ce^lekan her.
Baha. A flower ; to flower.
Baha. The monthly '' courses" of wo-
men, the menses, the placenta.
Baha. To deck with flowers, put flow-
ers in the hair.
Bahakartme. Put a flower in my hair.
Kufiko bahaakana. The girls are decked with
flowers
Baha bahi
[ 34 ]
Bahni
Baha balii. Heaped, piled up, a pile,
running over, a heap.
Baha balijye emadilla. He filled it up for me.
Baha bahi. Cf. ahi bahi.
Bahal. To engage, to appoint to an
office, to begin, to allow too much
liberty to a child or young person.
EtaK aahebe bahalakana. Another gentleman
has got the appointment.
Bahalem araKakawadea. You gave him too
much liberty.
Bahal, "I Happy, contented, light
Bahali. J hearted.
Bahala. ") Barren, as an animal, some-
Bahla. J times applied in anger to
women by women.
Nui bahala do bae gidra joiikana.
Bahalao. To ease, to lighten, to com-
fort, to soothe, to make happy.
Mon bahalaoKa. The heart will be made happy.
Bahali. An office, a position, an ap-
pointment
Bahjli khoniii ohu^au ooomea. I shall cause
you to be dismissed from your appointment.
Bahali. Arrogant, impertinent, presum-
ing upon one's office, presumptuous.
Hape, thiroKme, adim bahaliakana, Aelmealah.
Be silent, you are very arrogant, I shall do
for yoxi yet.
Bahao. To exist, to live.
Nui hor do adiye bahaoakana. This man has
lived a long time.
Baha porob. The flower festival of the
Santals, observed about the middle
of Fhagun, or the end of February.
Bahar \Out side, without, beyond ; to
Bahre j eject.
Baha saoha. A ceremony legalising an
irregular marriage.
Baha saohakakinabo.
Bah bah. Free, at liberty, without
restraint.
Kora kuriko bah bah baraekana.
Bahbahia. Left to the freedom of one's
own will, too much liberty allow-
ed to a child, or a young person ;
independent, unrestrained, wealthy.
Bahbahigie liamakalJte nonka banglhej Icanae.
He has become so mischievous through hav-
ing too much of his own way.
Kora knri bah bahia alope araliakoa. Do not
leave the young men and maidens unres-
trained.
Bah bahig-ko kisarakana. They are so wealthy
as to be independent.
Bahca. "( To hire bullocks or buffaloes
Caro. J for agricultural purposes by
the year.
OroKko bahoako liam dareakoa. They can hire
plough cattle by the year.
Baher. 1 Out side, beyond, out-lying ;
Bahre. J to put outside, to eject.
Baher barge. An out-lying barge (q. T.)
Baher ohajan. Household utensils that re-
main outside of the house.
Baher. Broken, defiled by out-siders.
Bahi.
Bi
3ahi. ■)
5uhi. J"
An account book.
Bahi. A heap, a pile, large quantity.
Mit' bahi dakae emadiiia. He gave me a pile
of rice.
Bahi.
Buhi.
l Flowing, running, as opposed
J to stagnant.
Bg,hi daK sanam maila atu idia. Running water
carries away all impurity.
Bahi. The upper arm, the elbow.
Bahi duar. \ Names mentioned in the
Baih duar. j traditions of the Santals.
The Bahi door is probably an opening in some
mountain range through which the Santals
passed to their present habitat in Chofa
Nagpur.
Bahlj. A method of catching fish.
Bahila. Cf bahla.
Bahir bai. Convulsions during which
the patient loses the power of
hearing; deafness.
Bahkao. To stray, to wander away, to
deceive, to tempt, to allure, to de-
lude, cause to stray, to drive cattle.
Oka sec con uni g9,i doe bahkaoena. The cow
has strayed somewhere.
Tin9.K menalfkotama, non^e khon bahkao idi-
kom. Drive all you have (cattle) away
from here.
Bitie bahkaokediritegiii jomkeda. The serpent
tempted me and I ate.
Bahla. Barren, of animals only, though
sometimes applied in anger to
women.
Bahna. To name, to nickname, to
call.
Mul Autum bagikate etaK liutumko bahnaaka-
dea. They have dropped his real name,
and given him a nickname.
Bahni. (1) A whirl pool. (2) A large
round jar.
Bahni gada. A river the bed of which is full of
pools caused by the swirling of the water.
Bahi^oli
[ 35 ]
B;
ija
BahiioK. *) m . r ^
Bshiiul? t encourage, to comfort.
Bahoilhar. Brother-in-law.
Baholihartef. His brother-in-law.
Baholiharili. My brother-in-law.
Baholiharme. Thy brother-in-law.
Bahra. Deaf, dull of hearing.
Bahre. External, outward, out side,
beyond, outlying ; to eject, to put
out, to exclude.
lekha khon bahre. Innuliierable.
Sahao khon bahre. Beyond endurance.
Bujh^u khon bahre. Beyond understanding.
Bahre gof.kaeme. Eject him.
BahreRa. Will be excluded.
Bahu. A bride, a wife.
BaihuKio. The bride (about to be.)
B^hu jou. To take to oneself a wife.
Bahu agu. To bring a bride from her father's
house.
Bahuio. A wedded bride.
B^hu jawae. Bride and bridegroom.
Bahnadeaii. I got him a wife. (I wifed him.)
Bahuanio. A married man.
Bahumut. Diabetes.
Bahu tuturi. A small plant common
about villages, Vernonica cinerea,
Less.
Bahware. Bravo, well done, excellent-
ly well played.
Bahware ! bejaeye d^r darealSa. Bravo ! he
rnna well.
Bai. A fit, convulsions, spasms, the
falling sickness, epilepsy, deliri-
um, insanity, madness, uncon-
sciousness.
Haram ba,i. A form of insanity.
Bai karon sapakadea. He has been seized with
convulsions.
Menkhanko buihaukeda, haram baiakanae
mente. But they thoughthehad gone mad.
Bai mara. Involuntary twitching of
muscles.
Bai bai. Slowly, gi'adually, low, noise-
lessly.
B9.ib9,ite kamime. Work slowly.
B^ibaite haraKa. It will grow gradually.
Baibiite rorme. Speak low.
B^ib^ite cal'aKme. Go noiselessly.
Baibi. Miscellaneous expenses.
"Baida. A doctor who follows the na-
tive Indian system of medicine.
Baiha. A ceremony of brotherhood
observed at a marriage by a mem-
ber of the bridegroom's party and
the Jog Maiijhi (q. v.) of the bride's
village, solatium, present.
Baiha. An ornament worn on the
left arm by women.
Baihar. 1st Class rice land, low, moist
fields with a good supply of water.
Baih duar. Cf bahl duar.
Baini gai. Up country cows, cows
having curved horns.
The cow of Santalia has straight horns, the
b?.ini gai has a " crumpled horn."
Bairi. Enemy, enmity, illwill, ani-
mosity, hostility.
Bene bgiiri. An enemy.
Jahae tulud bairi alom dohoea. Bear ill will to
no one.
Am tulnde b?iiril£a. He will become your ene-
my.
Baisak. The first solar month of the
Hindus, April-May.
Baisau. To establish, to settle, to
found, to fix, to let out on hire, to
put out to usury, to lend, to be
accustomed to, to fit in, to fit.
Baisau dhiri. Pavement.
Bgiisau h»n<Ji. Liquor given at the establish-
ment of a homestead.
Lebe^ b^isaukedali. I tramped it down.
Khapre bail baisaukkana. It does not fit into
the notch, i. e. is not to the point.
Takail baisauakafa. I have lent money on in-
terest.
Ti ?uri baisauKtilia. My hand has not yet
become accnstomod.
Ot iii b*is9.uaka€a. I have let out land.
Toleko bg.ie^uaka^a. They have laid the founda-
tion.
Kurtg- hormore bail b^isaukkana. The coat
does not fit the person.
Baisi. A panchayat, a meeting for the
discussion and settlement of mat-
ters, a council.
B^isiren mukhig.. President of the council.
Lo bir b^isi. A meeting convened at the an-
nual hunt. This hunt takes place after the
undergrowth of the jungle has been burnt
up, hence the name "lo bir sendra." 'q. v.)
Caur^isi baisi. A conference of near neigh-
bours.
Marijhi b9.isi. A meeting called by the village
chief.
E9.isi kufum. 1 A conference of relatives
Kutum b»isi. j on family matters.
Baj. To interlace, to cross, to plait^to
entangle, to set a fish trap; a
trap, difficulty ; ravelled, confused.
Jaiigae bajkeda. He crossed his legs.
Hako bajreko jh^iliefkoa. They catch fish in a
trap.
Tilrin bajaka€a. They have linked their arms.
Baj a. Straw, or fibre of the Palmyra
palm cut into short lengths, and
mixed with clay for plastering
purposes.
Baja
[ 36 ]
Bak
Baja. A musical instrument.
Baja. To sound, to strike as a clock.
Dos bajaena . It has struck ten.
Ill hijulcte garo bajaena. It struck eleven as
I came.
Athbaiakatebisminitparomena. 8-20. o'clock.
Panoh bajak lagU; dos minit baki menaka.
4-50. o'clock.
Baja. The fibre of the pericarp of the
fruit of the cocoanut and palmy-
ra palms ; stringy, as a fruit.
Noa ul do bajagea. This mango ia stringy.
Bajal. A variety of the rice plant.
Bajao. To strike against, to knock, to
hit, to impinge, to impress upon.
Mare ghaoreye bajaokedilia. He knocked me
on an old sore.
Sar bajaoadea. The arrow hit him.
Bajar. A market, the portion of a
town where the shops are located.
f Xr bt^ar! } ^ ^^""^ '^^g" ^^^^'^'^-
Bajar kuri din. All day long, the whole day.
Bajar gathia. Undersized, of juvenile
appearance, not looking one's age.
Baje. Some... others, sometimes.
Bajeko badaea, ar bajeko do bah. Some know,
and others don't.
ItebelT-} Sometimes.
Baje birla. Sometimes, now and again.
Bajek birla. In some parts, in some places.
Bajek birlae sawaeakata. There has been a
good harvest in some parts.
Bajek.
Bajek khane. I Sometimes, at times
Bajek khanek. i only,
Bajek sajek.
Bajek khaneli jorao baraea. I yoke him at
times.
Bajhao. To ensnare, to inveigle, to
entrap, to decoy, to seduce, to en-
tangle, to be over head and ears,
to bear tales.
Bal^jhao hor. A tale bearing man.
Bajha bajhi. To contend, to be entang-
■ led, to get into difficulties.
Bajha b^-jhienakin, akintegekin liapamena.
Bajhani. A tale bearer, a sower of
discord.
4iji bajh9.ni hor Icanae. She is a great sower
of discord.
Bajhar. Crooked, involved, mixed,
difficult.
Noa katha do a,(Ji bajhargea. This story is
very mixed.
Bajia. To sound.
Thukia bajigikate bachao to-fikedam. You
chose it by tapping and sounding (as an
earthen vessel.)
Bajhua. To hamper, to hinder, to im-
pede, to incommode, to entangle,
to involve.
Bajhuatakadiilae. He put me in a difficulty.
Nui gidrai ig-teA bajhuaakana. I am hampered
by this child.
Baji. To turn a summer-sault, to
turn head over heels.
Bajik do bako bagia. They will not quit
Bummer-saulting.
Thu bajikedeakin. They shot and knocked
him over.
Phaka baji gof kedillae. He knocked me head
over heels.
Baji. A wager, to bet.
Ma bajibon lagaoa, tinakbo d9.r dareal£a.
Come, let us lay a wager as to who will
run fastest.
Bajna, To beat a drum, to make a
noise by striking one thing against
another, drum music, musical ins-
truments that are played by beat-
ing, as a drum, cymbals &c.
-r, -J -■ [a drummer, a musician.
Bajnia. J '
Bajnia. A tale bearer, a gossipping
woman.
Nui maejiu katha bajnig. kanae. This woman
is a tale bearer.
Bajondar. A drummer, a musician.
Bajra. A grain. Sorghum vulgar e,
Pers.
Bajra loboK. Flour made from " bajra."
Bajra ata. Boasted "bajra."
Bajra bajri. To stagger, to sway to
and fro as a drunken man.
Bajrahi.l Slovenly, slatternly, grimy,
Bejrahi.j dirty.
Baju. An armlet worn above the el-
bow.
The baju worn by men differs from that worn
by women.
Bak. To hook on, to hang on a hook,
to catch on a thorn, &c.
Jgmumte bakenae. He is caught by a thorn.
Menem bagoka. Look out, you'll be caught
(by a thorn.)
Bak. The white paddy bird.
Loboe bak. "1
Bitkil bak. > Varieties of the white paddy
Cauriaibak. ) bird distinguished by Santals.
Bak
[ 37 ]
Bakra
Bak. An anklet worn by women and
girls.
Khila bak. A ' bak ' with a joint.
Baka. ") Crooked, twisted, bent,
Baka. J curved.
Bakao. To beguile, to mislead, to in-
spire, to be spirited away, to speaJi
as an insane person.
XJniye bakaokedida. He mialed me.
Bakarna. Fit to be weaned.
Bakat bakat;. T To move here and
Bakal; bukul J there, as maggots;
to keep turning from one side
to another, to tell what should
have been kept secret.
Ce£ ban bakaC bnkufpe royeda ?
Bakbak. Without meaning, nonsensical.
Bakbak ror. To chatter, to prate, to jabber,
to talk at randon, to talk idly.
Bakbakaok. To chatter, to prate, to
gabble, to talk idly, talk at ran-
dom.
Bakbakur. The noise made by pi-
geons ; to coo, as a pigeon.
Bakea. A trumpet.
Bakorna. ) pi^ to be weaned.
Bakron. )
Bakbhenkor.. Crooked, zigzag, winding,
mixed, unintelligible.
BaUbheakore roreda. He talks unintelligibly.
Bakdulu. A species of dragon fly.
Bakhac. Or else, otherwise.
Bakha. \
Bhakha. [ To boast, to brag.
Bhakka. j
BhakhaeS kanam, pase baoom dareaK. Ton are
boasting, perhaps you may not be able.
Bakhar. To wrangle, to dispute.
Bakharia. Wrangling, disputatious.
Bakhara. l A report, boasting, bragg-
Bhakhara.) ing, talk.
Ona bakharateko aenlena. They went on the
strength of that report.
Eken bakharatae, kami do bae kairai dafeaffa.
He only boasts, he can't work.
Bakhen. Cf. bakhgr.
Bakher."! A homestead, a collection
Bakhol. I of houses belonging to one
Bakhri.J family.
. Beae bakherakata. He has made a fine home-
stead.
Bakhgr. To invoke, to pray, to beg,
to petition".
jjiiji ruhet'kateko bakheya. They severely scold
(their gods) in their prayers.
Bakhera. Wrangling, vain disputa-
tion, a war of words, a row, brag-
ging, boasting, quarrelling.
Cei bakherape lagaoetkana P "What vain dis-
putation are you engaged in ?
Bakhna bakhni. To prate, to jabber,
to talk idly.
Bakhnao. To talk idly, to prate, to
babble, to jaw.
iiuriaKgebo bakhnaoKkana. We are wasting
words.
Bokhol. Cf bakher.
Bakhor An instrument, with which
tassar cocoons are cut into narrow
strips (badhi) for splicing purposes;
teeth of a comb.
Bakhor. ") To altercate, to dis-
Bakhra bakhri. J pute angrily.
Bakhra. Share, portion ; to apportion,
to share, to divide.
Bat bakhra. Portion of inheritance.
Kgimibakhraaleme. Give us each our set work .
Bakhri. Cf bakher.
Okate senakanae ? B^khrite senakanae. Where
has he gone? He has gone to the bakhri
(his employer's house.)
Bald. "} An insect pest which injures
Buki. J the young rice plant.
Baki. Balance, deficiency, arrears.
Okoe ho bako bakia. There is no one remain-
ing.
ItkiSr-} Balance, remainder.
De, raebario, b?iki bekoea ceSko legcar
menaRaP
BakiS-jS^l--'™^-
Baiki dhike sanam cabaentilia. My arrears are
all cleared off.
Bakjunu. The firefly.
Baklak. The bark of a tree, rind of
certain fruits.
Kulniji baklaU . The rind of the unripa fruit
of the ' Matkom.' (q. v.)
Terel baklalf. The rind of the unripe fruit of
the 'Terel.' (q. v.)
Bakoli. A poetical name for the white
paddy bird.
Bakre. Rind of kulndi. (q. v.)
Bakra. To thin out dhan that has
been sown where it has come up
too thickly.
Bakra
[ 88 ]
Bana
-r, , ■ >A male lamb.
Bakri. A ewe lamb.
Bakron. Cf. bakorna.
•p 1^ ' J- An agricultural implement.
Baksis. A gratuity, a prize.
Bakuk. A whorl in an animal's horn,
a crook, a buckle, clasp of belt.
Bakiilfkam. Clasp it.
Catom takuKte batareri baKakafa. I have
hooked the umbrella on the bata by the
crook (of the handle.)
Bal. To bore a hole, or to puncture,
with a red hot iron.
Ojo baltilime. Puncture the boil for me with
a red hot needle.
Tirioli balkeda. I bored the finger holes in my
flute with a red hot iron.
Bala. \The relationship between the
Balaea. J respective parents, uncles
and aunts of a married couple.
Nij bala herel. The fathers-in-law.
Ni] bala era. The mothera-in-law.
Kaka bala herel. "^
Gohgo bala herel
Mamo bala herel.
Kuma bala herel.
Kaka bala era.
Gohgo bala era.
Mamo bala era,
Kuma bala era. J
BalajJ. My bala.
Balam. Thy bala.
Balat. His bala.
Balaealfako. Their relationship to each other
will be that of bala.
Balai. Abundant, so very much as to
cause surprize ; wonderful, sur-
prising.
Balai cij menaKtaea. He is very wealthy.
Eg-Iaigeye rorket do. He spoke a great deal.
Balai jome jomkeda He ate an amazing quan-
tity-
Balaikedae, nit ho bae hijuKkana.
Balam. Cf. bala.
Balari. Cf bala.
Balat. Cf bala.
Balbal. Perspiration, sweat.
Balbal bhumburi. The rash of prickly heat.
Balbal jiri jiri joroKkana. The sweat trickles
down.
Balbal dak. Perspiration, sweat.
XJnial^ balbal dalt do otre joroKkan mayam
thopko leka hoeentaea. His sweat became
as it were drops of blood falling upon the
ground.
Balbalao. To perspire, to sweat.
BalbalaoKkanae. He is perspiring.
Uncles.
Aunts.
Bale. Young, tender, fresh.
Bale belteii. A tender infant.
Bale betkec. An infaut.
Bale gidrji. A young child.
Bale moloK. The new moon.
Bale dabi. The ridges of the scapula, or shoul-
der blade.
Mii bale befkeo khon. Prom earliest childhood.
Bale moloKre senakanae. He went at the time
of the new moon.
Bale. 1 -NT i
Ban-le. | N^*"^^-
Bale calaK^. We will not go.
Balgada. Sand carried down by a
flow of water.
Saname b?lgadake£talea. Our (field) has all
been covered with sand.
Balgar. Strong, vigorous, mighty.
Bali. Iron stone sand, iron ore.
The Kol iron smelters wash the ore from the
sand in the river beds.
gLi g'ur. } Crystalized raw sugar.
Balis. A pillow.
Balkati. The fee paid to the officiating
priest who offers his own blood.
C£ bul mayam.
The fee generally amounts to one rupee font
annas.
Balok. Young, immature.
Balti. A bucket.
Balut dare. The oak tree.
Bam. Shaft of a carriage.
Bambal. Cf bomal.
Barnbaro. Cf ambaro.
Bamber. A torch.
Bambi. An eel.
Bambkao. \ To bubble as boiling water,
Bamkao. j to flare up, as a flame, to
increase, to pervade, to spread.
Sehgel adi bamkaoena. The fire has increas-
ed greatly.
So bamkaoena. A smell pervades the place.
Bambkol. A pump.
Ban. Sorcery.
Ban pathri. An affection said to be produced
by sorcery, in which the exudation of the
skin becomes like sand.
Ban. A flood.
Bana horkin calaoena. They both went away.
Banar do thikgea. Both are correct.
Bana. The black bear, Ursus labia-
tus.
Parkom bana. The Indian badger, MelUvora
indica.
Bana c6rg
[ 39 ]
Banc It '
Bana cSvS. A bird so named.
Bana etka. A common plant, Ipomcea
turpethum, R. Br.
Bana hatak. A small tree with seed
pods like sword blades, Oroxylon
indicum, Benfh.
Banalc. A hook, (from bak, q. v.)
Banalc (Jan. A pole with a hook on one end
used to pull down fruit, dry branches, &o.
from trees .
A variety of the rice
Bana koram,
plant.
Banal. To appoint, to choose.
Lg.iako lagitJko banalkedea. They appointed
him to teaoh them.
Jahaeyem banalakadea? He, nui horili l^iadea.
Have you appointed any one ? Yes, I told
this man.
Banam. A fiddle, to play the fiddle.
Huk?. banam. A fiddle made from the shell of
a cocoaimt, with one string.
Kindiri banam. Made of wood, has several
strings, and wire underneath the strings.
Kat banam. A fiddle made of wood.
AK. A fiddle bow.
Tat. Fiddle string.
Tar. Brass string stretched underneath the
gut string. The brass string sounds in
unison with the gut string which is played
upon.
Banan. To spell.
Judai lekate bananolia. It is differently spelt.
Banao. ~| To make, to fashion, to prepare.
Benao. J to agree, to live in harmony.
Bah banaoE. To disagree, to be at variance
with each other.
Besko banaokkana. They live in harmony.
Banar. Both. Cf bana.
Banbasi. \A flood, to be carried
Banbhasi. J away by a flood.
Banbaeike^koa. The flood carried them away.
Gadare banbasi dak calalckana. The river is
in flood.
Bancao."! To save, to keep alive, to es-
Baclao. [ cape, to recover, to remain
/
unexpended.
Goo balicaoenae. He recovered from a severe
illness.
Teheii ilindabo god baiicaolengegapabocalaka.
If we are permitted to see the morning we
will go.
BalicaoE coe ce{ ooe. He may recover.
Balioaolf coe bah coil. His recovery is doubt-
ful.
Band. A tank, a water reservoir, an
embankment.
Bandme. Excavate a tank.
Banda. To disgrace.
Nutum saname bandakei^tiAa. He brought dis-
grace on me.
Banda. Parasitical plants, air plants-
Dare banda. Parasitical plants mainly belong-
ing to the Natural Orders Loranthaceaj
and Orohidacess which grow on trees. The
names of the ' bandas' are taken from the
trees on which they are found.
Ul banda. Pound on the mango tree.
Sarjom banda. Found on a Sarjom tree (q. v.)
Matkom banda. Found on a Matkom tree (q. v.
Terel banda. Found on a Terel tree (q. v.)
Jgmum banda. Found on a Janum tree (q. v.)
Banda. M. ^ Docked, part of the tail cut
Bandi. F. J off, stumpy.
Nutum ban^akettilia. He behttled me.
Banda. ~| A young man.
Bandi. J A young woman.
Ban^a bsinijikin calaEkana. The lad and lass
are going together.
Banda bandi. Stumpy, short.
Horo do ?.di ban^a b?.n(Ji geleena. The ears of
the rice are short.
Banda pon. Presents of money given by
the guests at a wedding for the
bride.
Banda ponko em jaoralal^a, neKe niagi6 kirili-
keda. I have bought this with the money
contributed by the wedding guests.
Bande. To dress, of women binding
round wai.st.
HoroK bandenaK. Clothing in general, of men
and women.
Putli bande. > A girl who only wea rs a piece of
Sidup bande. 5 cloth round the loins ; a girl from
.3 to 6 years of age.
Parici bande. A girl who wears a piece of cloth
round the loins, one end of which is caried
over the shoulder ; a girl from 6 to 12
years of age.
Bentar bande. A method of wearing the sari
which is wound several times round the
waist, and then carried over the left shoulder,
Kaso bande. 1 Several pleats are made in the
Khandi bande. ) portion bound round the waist
at the front, and the end thrown over the
right shoulder from behind falls over the
breast, and the edges are tucked iu on ei-
ther side into the portion round the middle.
Parhan bande. ) A piece of cloth of the usual
Parhand bande. ) width is bound round the
waist.
Gogok. Apiece of cloth thrown over the shoul-
der, and falling over the breast, the com-
plement of Parhan bande.
Kantha bande. Kantha cloth (q. v.) is bound
round the waist, and the dress is completed
by a piece of cloth (gogoK) thrown over the
shoulder and covering the breast.
Lebda gogok . 7 The cloth is bound round the
Lebda rakap. ) waist as in Kaso bande, but
instead of being brought over the shoulder
from behind, is passed over the left shoulder
in front, and the end hangs down the back.
GogoK japak. The action of bringing the cloth
over the shoulder from behind and tucking
it, on both sides, into the portion round the
waist.
Bandh
[ 40 ]
Ban
Bandh. An iron band round the nave
of a cart wheel to prevent it from
splitting.
Bandhao. To establish, to fix, to ar-
range.
Nawa atoko bandhaoa. They will establish a
new village.
Sohkate jamako bandhaoeda, nahaK do. Now-
a-days they fix rents after measurement.
Bandhar. Tied up.
Bandhar sadom. Ahorsekept'in the stall, and
not turned loose when not in use.
Bandhej. Mischievous, self willed, fid-
gety-
Nui gidra a^iye bandheja. This child is very
mischievous.
Bandhec. Expedient, means, appli-
ance, contrivance, device, strata-
gem.
Kicrie banukanah, ma bandhej johme liama
mente. There is no cloth, hit upon some
expedient to get it
Bandhi. A cog placed before a cart
wheel to prevent its moving, a
hitch.
Cak bandhiena. The wheel has met with an
obstacle, (a hitch has occurred in the arran-
gements.)
01 b9.ndhi. To mark out the pattern before
beginning to tatoo.
Bandhok. To pledge, to pawn, to mort-
gage, to contract ; security, pledge.
Noa jinia bandhokiii dohoeda. I pledge this
article.
Thgirill bandhok otolaKa. I pledged my brass
plate.
Sudh bandhok. Usufruct in lieu of interest.
Bandhoki. Pledged, pawned, mortga-
ged.
Bandhoki jaegali hataokeda. I leased mortga-
ged land.
Bandhon. To exorcise, to charm, to tie,
to bind ; a bond, a contract.
Nui horili bandhonakadea. I have got this
man under a contract.
HoroK cikhna mil; lekan bandhon. Betrothal
is a kind of contract.
Bandi. A method of storing grain, &c. in
straw, bound tightly round with
straw ropes.
Doa baro katkatele bandia. We put ten or
twelve hats (q. v.) in one bandi.
Bandi. A female animal with a docked
tail.
Bandia. ") A male animal with a docked
Banda. J tail, to cut off a piece.
Ona maK ban(}i$ledaR bheja ho banar kulfr*
hoko idi toraea. They take with them both
pieces of the target which has been cut in
two.
Bandki. Mortgage.
Sud b?mdki. Money lent on the security of
land, the usufruct of which pays the in-
terest.
Bandkia. A person with a gun.
Bandna. A Hindu festival, observed
in Kartik.
Bando. The fruit of a large jungle
climbing plant called Cihat (q. v.)
Spatholobus Roxburghii, Benth.
The seeds yield a valuable oil.
Bandok. "(Big headed, and big
Bandok satok. ) eyed.
Bandor bai. Convulsions, during which
the patient grinds his teeth, rest-
lessness, St. Vitus dance, spasmo-
dic contraction of muscles.
Bandor gali. Cancrum oris, cancer of
face.
Bandor jhuti.
Bandor kokhi.
Bandor lauri.
The fruit 'of the
iula, Linn.,
is called the
alah.
A medicinal herb.
Croup.
The monkey's shillalah.
Indian laburnam, Cassia Ms-
which resembles a short atick
monkey's lauri (q. v.), or shill-
Bandphora bin. A spotted snake
which damages embankments by
boring into them.
Bandra. Notched, rough, pock-pit-
ted.
Noa kat; bandragea. This wood ia rough.
Bandud banduc. Having the upper
part of the body unclothed.
Okatem mohn^aena b^^nduc b^n^uc ?
Banduk. A gun.
Bar nali banduk. A double barrelled gun.
Tota bg-nduk. A breech-loading gun.
Aglagwa banduk. Gun fired by a fuse.
C?.ku banduk. A weapon with a pistol at one
end, and a knife at the other,
fhehga bSnduk. A fuse gun resembling a
walking stick, used to make a noise, not to
kill.
Barcha banduk. Gun with bayonet.
Ban. Not, no (asserting) ; to deny,
to refuse.
Hijukme, alom baiia. Come, don't say no.
CeiCem disaakata, roram sem bail t Won't yon
tell what you remember ?
CedaK bam edrenkan ? Why are you angry p
He khan hege, baiikhan baiige. If yes, yes, if
no, no. (it is all the same.)
ban
[ 4.1 ]
BiU)
Wide, gaping ; a rent, a wide
Bad ban.
hole.
Rail bane oahapakana. Ho gapes widoly.
Bail bail oreoaluuia. It is torn into a large hole.
Ban do. . .bad do. Whether. . .or.
Bail do noa katba ente, bail do ofagalc. Whether
this story or another.
Bail doe calaoena, bail do menaea, balS batjaea.
I can't say whetht'r he has gone, or is here.
Bail do rupen, bail do bail.
Bangam. To finish, to do for, to make
an end of, to become soft.
Jel bahgamena, se bail ? Is the meat all eaten
or not P
Unile baiigamkedea. We did for him.
Dal baigamkediiiae. He struck and iloorod me.
Bahgam s9.tena. It is settled effectually.
Bangaura. The seed of the cotton
plant.
Bangorae. \ Black ; broad faced and
Badgorak. J black.
Bad-honec. Had... would not.
B.>ii honej Habil lekae bhagekoKa ?
Amem senlenkhan bail honed iA senkolta? If
you had gone would not I also have gone.
Badkhan. "j Or else, if not, otherwise,
Badkhac. j- except, certainly, of
Badkhan do. J course.
CalaKaii baiikhan oct'iii oekaea. I will go, if
not what wiU I do.
Kante bahkhad pharia!? real? at banulianaii.
Without medicine there is no chance of
recovery.
Mit gteri bahkhace hiiuRa.
Ruar, bahkhan do ce£ iii cekaea ? I shall cer-
• tainly return.
Banki. An anklet worn by women
and girls.
Dare bahki. An orchid, Va^ida Roxbut-glUi, the
leaf of which resembles in shape the anklet,
and is split up the middle and worn by girls
as an anklet.
Bad ma. Employed in comp. to intro-
duce a statement, that, that is to
say, namely.
Ondegeko metaea, baiima, sadom hoponko ba-
nuKkoa.
Kukmue laiadea, bahma, nuf:ten dak nariii
lielleda.
Kulikedeae, cekaKkanam biti mente, baiima,
bah thiklA aikaueda.
Badse.\Is it not so, assuredly, actually.
Base. J really.
Get' baiise babu, horee dale dalkedirta. Actually
he struck me as you'thresh grain.
4cli dinben bagi giijiatlea, base ? Is it not so,
that you have left us for a long time ?
Badsifl. A medicinal herb, Artetnisia
parvijlora, Roxh.
Badtel An emphatic form of l)ad
(q. v.), certainly not, by no means.
Paiitotuoii calaKa. I shall certainly not ko.
Raiiti.t',io alom baiia, rebenme bare. Do not
refuse out I'i^'ht, agree.
Bania potole. A small pannier, a .small
round bundle, anything of the shape
of a small pannier.
Banij. To trade, to obtain with some
trouble, to search for, to pt^Tson-
ally invite a daughter, or sister ;
to personally call one to attend a
panchayat.
Bani. Payment for services made in
kind to oilmen, goldsmiths, &c.
Banij bepar. To buy goods at one
f)lace to sell at Liuother, to trade.
Ado batiij beparko do phalnako kanako.
Barjjha. M. ) ^ ,•,■,,
T> Wu- Tji !• Barren, childless.
Banjhi, 1. j '
Banki. Match, fellow, counterjoart ,
Scottice, miirroti'.
Uni bgiukiii udnKapea, niki leka. I will shew
you her fellow (whom she resembles in age),
she is like this one.
Banot. ]_ To agree, to be of one mind,
Bonot. J to l)(,'. friendly.
Uni tulud do k:ithabaii banotokkantiiia. P I do
not agree with him.
Banu. "I Not to be, not to exist, no-
thing.
Banuk
Banukkoa. They are not.
Isorbanugea. God is not, (there is no God.)-
Banukanah. There is none.
Banugeiia hor do. I am done for,
Banugican nondo do. He ie not here.
Banua. Unsocial, solitary, hermit like.
Banwar. A tree rat.
Banwas. To go out of the way, to
disappear, to be lost, to be spirit-
ed away, separated from one's fa-
mily, to live in the forest.
Okate coe banwasena? Where can he have
gone to ?
Bonwat'}"^" ^''^''^P^® ''^*° j™^^''-
Bao, Wind, breath, cholera.
Bao bail calaKkantaea. He does not pass wind.
Bao. Calamity, distress, fear.
Bao basat. Calamity, trouble^ anxiety.
Katiu gidra do cet' bao basat ho bah lagaoakoa.
Little children have no anxiety.
Bao basat boloakana, A calamity has befallen.
B;l
[ 42 ]
Barae
Baora. M.\j^^^^,j ^^^^jj ^^ stature.
Bauri. b. j
Baore. Cf. baiirl.
Baosa. Cf. aosa baosa. *
Baosao. \To persuade, coax, wheedle,
Bhaosao.J cajole.
Bap. 1
Bapa. vFather.
Bapu. J
Bap dhon. A form of address to elders or supe-
riors.
Nolcoe bap dhon, goden, gurenale.
Bapoti dhon. Paternal estate, patrimony, heri-
tage.
Bap dada. Forefathers, ancestors, progenitors.
Bapa purkha. Ancestors.
Bapadae. The reciprocal form of ba-
dae. (q. v.)
Bapag. The reciprocal form of bagi
(q. v.); to separate as a husband
and wife, to divorce.
Bapagenakin. They are separated.
Bapha. Advantage, fruit, return, be-
nefit.
Arjaoefrehole baphage bahle Tiameda. Al-
though we get good crops we arc not bene-
fited ( it all goes to the money lender.)
Baphao. To steam, to cook by steam-
ing.
Bapla. Marriage, wedlock ; to marry.
Bapla biha. Marriage.
Onkoko baplaKkan, arko goiie^ko tahekana.
They were marrying, and giving in marri-
age.
Atoregeye baplaena. Hia bride was of hia own
village.
Forms of Marriage.
Kirili balm bapla.
Itui: bapla.
Apaiigirko reaK bapla.
Kora kuri kunijel Aapamkate bapla.
]Sir bololi bapla.
Jawae kirilioK bapla.
Hirom eetan bapla.
Tuhki dipil bapla.
i)are bapla "J A marriage ceremony performed
Band bapla 3 by the person who planted the tree,
or dug the tank.
Bapo. Father, an exclamation of sur-
prize, used deprecatingly.
Bapo bail doe calaoen, bail do menaegea, bapo.
Hao bapo. An exclamation of sorrow ; alas !
B9.A calaRa bapo.
Bapoti dhon. Patrimony, paternal in-
heritance, heritage.
Baptis. jrp^ baptize ; baptism,
la. J '■ ' r
Baptisma.
Bapuric. Poor, miserable, modest,
submissive, good natiired.
Bapu thakur. God my father, an ad-
dress in prayer,
g^'"- JTwo.
Barea. J
Bar gel. Twenty.
Bar isi. Forty.
Bar jiwi. Pregnant.
Mit' moca khon bar mocaena. It is no longer a
secret.
Bar. To fast, to refrain from taking
food, applied generally with re-
gard to dogs.
Up9.s barakat'ae.
Bara. In comp. expresses frequency,
continuance, habit.
Nir barae kanae. He runs about.
Dara bara dareaKae. He is able to go about.
Apepe men baraeeda. Ton are in the habit of
saying.
Ace liel baraUa, arsire. He will look at himself
in the mirror.
Bara. A pigsty.
Sukri bara. Eingworm.
Barabar. \Even, level, equal, regular,
Barabari. J invariably, without change,
always, incessantly, continually.
Barabg^riko hijuKkana. They come continually.
Barabar gotkam. Level it down.
Barabarigeako. They are equal.
Jiwi barabari tahentaea. Hia mind W4II be at
rest.
p. '. }, ' "' [To gabble, to chatter.
Barabari. Cf. barabar.
Barae buru6. To rise in bubbles, to
sparkle, as when the sun shines
on water ; here and there.
Bara6 burud. To go about, to run
here and there, to go in and out,
from place to place, to scatter ;
slippery.
Kami botorteye barad burue baraekana. He
goes about from place to place through fear
of having to work.
Apan a.pin barae burudko oalaoena. They scat-
tered each his own way.
Barae. \ To know, to be cognizant of,
Badae. / to estimate.
Kst-} To know for certain.
Barae daram. To foreknow, to fore see.
Badaekate bae baridleda. Ho did not waste it
knowingly.
Barag
[ 4:;
JJnrluii
Barag. Like, resembling.
Iii do kakaA oyalfre guti baragili khataolena.
I worked like a servant in my unole'a house.
Noa dale do toa barag AeloKkana. This water
looks like milk.
Barahi. A thick rope.
Baran baran. \ Brilliant, refulgent, as
Barari burun"./ the sun's light before
he appears above the horizon ; pale
yellow, like the colour of a China-
man.
Baran burun. Gently, to sob, to draw
long breaths when weeping, to
sigh.
Barahgi. Tang of arrow head, spear-
head, &c. inserted into the shaft.
Barangom. Two plants receive this
name, one Vernonia cineria,
Less., the other Glossogyne pin-
natifida, D. C.
Barao. To fast, to slake, or decom-
pose, as hot lime ; to fall down, as
earth in water.
Naekeye baraoaka£a. The priest is fasting.
Cun baraoKa. The lime will slake.
Bunnm hasa lohoflenkhan barao godoK a.
Bara pathol. A rather uncommon an-
nual plant, Vernonia divergens,
Benth.
Baras baris. 1 Now and again, at inter-
Baris baris. / vals.
Barat. ") With great force, heavily, to
Barat. J pelt, as large rain drops.
Barat menteye dalkedea. He struck him a
heavy blow.
Barat barate daRkeda. The rain simply pelted.
Baraudha. Gleanings of fish.
After the water has been baled out the fish
caught are divided equally among those
concerned, after which each catches at his
own hand. The fish thus caught are 'ba-
r9.u(Jha' fish.
Barbar. Cf. bara bara.
Barbar. Said to a buffalo to make it
lie down.
Barchi. A spear.
Bardak. With great force, or momen-
tum.
Bafdak menteye liur go6ena. He fell with great
force.
Bardak bardak.
Cf badrak badrak.
A common grass,
Panicum colon-
Bardui-a6. A bat.
Kahu bardnrud. The flying fox, the large fox
bat, Pteropus Edwardei.
Cutiabarduruo.
Hon ,,'
Bare. May, oh that ! please, do.
Emallme bare. Do give it please.
Ma bare calalfme. Do please go.
Alo baye hoyoKma. May it not be.
Uni bareye hijuK. Oh! that he would come.
Bare. Cf bare dare.
Barea. Two.
Bare badwarak. ")
Bari badwak. J
um, Linn.
Bare baha. A flowering plant found
in the gardens ot the Santals,
Pentapetes phasnicea, Linn.
Bare bare. Often, time after time,
continually.
Bare bare ariseditikanae. He is continually
annoying me.
Bare dare, The Banyan tree, Fious
bengcdensis, Roxb.
Barem. Thy brother.
Bareii. My brother.
Baret. His brother.
Apa bare. A woman's father and brothers.
ApuA bared. My father and brothers.
Baretok. To be one of the party to ac-
company a bride to her new home.
Bargao. To suborn, to egg on, to set
on, to put out of the way, as a wit-
ness, or stolen property ; to put
one on the alert, to give a hint
on the quiet.
Bargao goftadeae. He put him on the alert.
Nui sipahi bargaoakawadeae, uni horre. He
has this eipahi on the track of that man.
Barge. A garden, a field.
OraK barge. The garden or field in which the
cultivator's house stands.
Baher barge. An out-lying garden, or field.
Barge potam. Cf . potam.
Bargi. JTheMahrattas.
Burgi. j
Burgi biraj. Mahratta raiders.
Barhao. To increase. Cf badhao.
Barhet. A name of Abge bonga, (q. v.)
Barhiao. ") To increase, to multiply, to
Badhiao J grow.
Bin ijhcr barhiaoen. The debt has greatly in-
creased.
Barhon
[ 44 ]
Barinangao
Farm and stock.
Barhon. Well grown, well developed,
full grown.
Barhonta. Growth.
Barhonta khub hoyoKkantaea. He is growing
well.
Barhontar. Well grown, fully devel-
oped, good conditioned.
Onko khubbarhontarako. They are well grown.
■o'' •' > House, household.
Ban. j '
Cas bari.
Cas bari
Bari badwali ) A common grass, Pa-
'Barehadwa.raM.fnicmn Colonum, Ln.
The grain is eaten in times of famine and scar-
city.
Baria. The Bania caste, a shopkeeper
or pedlar who sells salt, spices, to-
bacco, &c.
Baria. With difficulty, with very
great difficulty, with extreme dif-
ficulty.
Bari9,reko bohalena. They 'got work with dif-
■ Acuity.
Baria kandhum. A small bush, Phyl-
lanthus lanceolarius, MiM-Arg.
So called from the resemblance the frnit bears
to the pads pedlars put on their heads under the
baskets they carry.
Baria kohnda. A species of jDumpkin.
Bariao. Rich, affluent, wull-to-do.
Bariat. Marriage procession from the
bridegroom's house to that of the
bride.
Barigitko. Those who compose the marriage
procession.
Bariau. Rich, great, powerful, arro-
gant.
Baric. Bad, wicked, ruined, destroyed,
wasted ; to commit evil, to ruin
destroy, waste.
AmaKle bariiakat'a.
Barieena. It is ruiued.
Men barijeail.
Adi baric. Very bad, very, extremely.
Adi baric. Very many, very numerous.
Adi b^rie joakana. There is much fruit.
Baric. Almost, possibly.
Dal barickedeali. I almost struck him.
Sen bariioKaii. I may possibly go.
Baric. An adjective or adverb pos-
sessing intensifying force.
Baric dal^ menal^a, noa pukhrire do. - There is
much water in this tank.
Baricem dareena. Tou are very strong.
Bg-rid merom khg-si menaKkoa gada paromre.
There are very many goats on the other
side of the river.
Baris baris. Now and again, at inter-
vals, either longer or shorter.
TD '^'^l'^' [-Crowded, populous.
Barjao. J > r r .
Noa atore adi barjao menakkoa.
Noa ato do adi barjaoa.
d'' ■J-, ■ >K bet, a washer, a forfeit.
Barjit. J °
De b9,riitbon lagaoa. Come let us lay a forfeit.
Barkac. Wittingly, knowingly, of set
purpose, pretence ; to test, to prove,
to feign.
Barkadte bail laiiatmea. I did not tell you on
purpose.
Euarkate barkaoteye ru9.Rkan tahekana. She
returned and feigned illness.
Barkao. To hatch, as eggs of insects
and reptiles.
Tejo barkaoKa bele khon. Caterpillars hatch
from eggs.
Barket. \ Blessing, to be blessed, to in-
Borket. J crease, or succeed through
being blessed.
Noudebon dakaea, nonde khub barketolca. We
will cook here, there will be a blessing.
Noam kamilekhan amak barket khub hoyoKa.
If yon do this your blessing (profit) will
be great.
Barkhas. To dismiss.
Nui gutiA barkhaskedea. I dismissed this
servant.
Barkhet. C£ barket.
Barki. A shawl or wrap made by sew-
ing two widths of cotton cloth to-
gether.
Barki. \ The first, or chief wife when
Batki. J there are two or more.
Barlanga mat. A species of bamboo.
The nodes are far apart, and the hollow with-
in the bamboo large. It is used to make
flutes.
Barlar mala. A double necklace of
beads.
Barmaiigao. To desire, to determine,
to set one's heart on a thing, to
call, or send for a person, to pro-
cure any thing by means of ano-
ther.
CalaU l9.gii;i]i barmahgaoakawaua. I intend
to go.
Uni horili barmahgaoakawadea, jahan lisindi/i
damlekhaniil. god utare.
Barmon
[ 45 ]
Ba«o
Barmon. Double-minded, fickle.
-n' , 'i' }■ A double-barrelled gnn.
Barnan. 1 rn i • , , ,
T) > io explam, to relate.
Bornon. J ^ '
Barnao. To recognize, to examine, to
diagnose.*
Uni hor bamaoem, oka karon kantaea.
Examine the man, and see what disease he is
Buffering from.
Bali liel barnaoledea. I did not recognize him.
Barni. ") A gregarious shrub growing to
Varni. J a height of 3 or 4 feet, Gle-
rodendron infortunatum, Linn.
B^imi gajar. A thicket of ' Bgirni' bushes.
Barni ghat. ") A ford on the Damuda
Telkupi giiat. J river in Manbhum
district, of Chutia Nagpur, where
there are extensive ruins attribu-
ted to the Jains.
It is the custom of the Santals to take the ' jaii
baha' (q. v.V of those who in life have been
characterised by a fondness for music and
jollity, to the Damuda at ' Barni ghat' and
there consign them to a watery grave.
Barni mela. ~) A largely attended year-
Barni porob. J ly fair or mela held
at Barni ghat.
Baro bakhan. ^ To nag, to abuse, to
Baro hunar. |- call names, to vili-
Bisbakhan. J fy ; endlessly, '• by
the dozen," all kinds.
Baro bakhane egerkedilia. He gave me all
kinds of abuse.
Baromas. The whole twelve months,
used to signify continuance, al-
ways.
Baromas daK tahena, noa pukhrire. Water
remains all the year round in this tank.
Baromasia. All the year round. Cf
baromas.
Baromasia. The Green Bulbul, Phyl-
lornis Jerdoni.
Its oaU is said to resemole those of twelve differ-
ent kinds of birds.
Baron. To forbid, to taboo.
HijuK iA baronakadea. I forbad him to come.
Baro sotro. Lit. twelve and seventeen,
at random, thoughtlessly, uncon-
nected.
Baro sotro alom rora. Do not apeak like twel-
ve and seventeen. (12 and 17 agree only so
far as they ca^be divided by one.)
Barphai. Pi-ofit, gain, benefit.
Noa kfimiro bes barphai menaRa. There is good
profit in this work.
Barphara sakom. A double bracelet.
Barsa pakor. 1 « ^.i i j.
Barsapako. ] '^ '''''*1^*^^' ««i^mon plant,
Grewia Campbellii, Watt.
Barsi. A fish hook ; to catch fish with
a hook and bait.
Barsid orsiri. For the present.
Bartan. Hideous, repulsive, ill-favour-
ed, ill proportioned, monstrous.
Bartan. A plate.
Barte. To fix or agree to the date
and place of a hunt, fishing ex-
pedition, mushroom collecting ex-
cursion, &c.
Noa bir sondra lagiiJko barteakat'a.
Barti. 1 More, exceeding ; to do more, to
Barti. J exceed.
Ape ce1;pe b^irtieda ? What do ye more (than
others ?)
Baru. A large tree, Schleichera tri-
juga, Willd.
The seeds yield an oil useful for cutaneous
affections.
r. • • ' [• Gunpowder, blasting powder.
Barudan. A large bullfrog.
Baruj. C£ barud.
Bas. Smell, odour, scent ; to smell, to
scent.
Basaeme. Give him a smell of it.
Bhoj basteye heuakana. He has scented out
the feast.
Baseilkana. I smell it.
Bas. Age, the female breast.
Bas. Dwelling place ; to place, to settle
permanently.
Noa atoreko basakat'a. They have settled in
this village.
Basa. Lodging, residence.
Basan. To heat water.
Basah daK. Hot water.
Susum daR. Warm water.
Basai) god. Water become cold after having
been boiled.
Basbas. Said to a dog to make it lie
down.
Base. Cf banse.
Basgadi
46 ]
Bata
Basgadi. To fix bamboos upright in
the ground for ihe purpose of giv-
ing possession of, or attaching
land in pursuance of a decree of
the civil court.
Bas g?.Jiadii1ako. They put me in posaession.
Basgadi. To settle permanently, to
take up one's residence.
Non^ele basgadiakana. We haye taken up our
residence here.
Basi. Stale, fusty.
Basia. Dirty, as a pot in which rice
has been boiled, not cleaned till
next time it is used ; unimpregna-
ted, as a Tassar silk moth.
Tuktio alo b9.si^ dope dohoea, patniko basialf-
kana. Do not leave your cooking pots dirty,
the Tassar silk moths are not pairing.
Basiam. Ten o'clock in the morning,
when a light refreshment is par-
taken of.
Khara bg-ai^m. Half past ten, or eleven, when
hunger begins to be felt.
The name of this morning refreshment is from
b?.si, (q. v.). Very often rice left from the
previous day is partaken of.
Baskari. To play a flute well.
4-Ai bask?'TiKkanam. Ton are becoming a good
flute player.
Baskaria. An adept at the flute.
Okoe baskgtriako oroh idietkana ? Who are the
flute players who play as they go ?
Baske. Left over from the previous
meal, fusty, stale, unfinished.
BaakeaK bar. 9 a. m.
Baske daka. Rice left over from the previous
meal.
Baske dakare loK hor. A modest confession
of ignorance.
Baske mara hor. A person who dies just as he
ia about to enjoy the fruits of his labour.
Ado noKoe baske mara do baiipe doholetlea.
Baske man^a. A banner placed at a Hindu
shrine.
K?.mipe baskekeda. You have left your work
unfinished.
Baske. One of the twelve Santal tribes
or septs.
Baste hoy. A person belonging to the Baske
sept.
It is said that the progenitors of the Baske
tribe when out on a hunting expedition
cooked along with their supper sufficient
tor next morning's meal, and on account
of their eating stale rice, they were called
Baske hor, " the men of stale rice."
Baskhapao. Past middle age, used of
women only.
I To settle permanently in
I a place; an inhabitant.
He is an old resi-
Baskitia.
Boskitia.
Boskotia.
Mare boskotig. hor kanae.
dent.
Basla. A small adze, a species offish,
Basmati. A variety of the rice plant.
Basna. A cup.
Basna daJf . A cup of water ; met. hope'of receiv-
ing some benefit or another.
Mi{ basna daK reaK asre. In hope of getting a
cup of water, (some benefit or other.)
Busndi } A small fly, a midge.
Basti. A village, a Paharia village,
populous.
Bg.ati ato. A populous village.
Easi b?isti. Wealthy and populous (as a village.)
Basut. To think well of, to respect,
to like, to approve of one, to care
for, to take to, to bear love to, to
attract, to obey.
Bako bg-sutadiiia. They did not take to me.
A(Jiye b?.sutaekana. He thinks well of him.
Basut. Property.
Ci] basut! ) ^""^^ ^"'^ chattels.
Bat. Rheumatism.
Ga^ihig. bat. Rheumatism of the jouita.
Sir bat. Muscular rheumatism,
fan bat. Sciatica.
Bat. To share, to divide ; share, por-
tion.
Bat bakhra. Share, particularly of ancestral
property, or patrimony.
Gruli baf. To cast lots.
Khiori baf. A method of dividing the lands of
a village in which no person gets two con-
tiguous fields.
Bat. A road, time.
Bat liel. To look for, to expect.
Dobatia. Where two roads meet.
Baten bereua. It is late.
XJniaK bafiii Ael horef kana. I am looking for
his coming.
Bata. ■) Exchange, discount, commis-
Batta. J sion.
Bata lagaoKa. Discount will be charged.
Bata. A bamboo lath, a thin slip of
bamboo, a piece of bamboo, &c.
tied or nailed across to strength-
en ; lattice work, interlacing.
Andhari?. bata. A bamboo tied lengthwise
half way between the eaves and ridge, to
strengthen the rafters.
Batrt
[ 47 ]
Biitui' satur
Bata. A musical instrument of bell
metal played by being struck
with a small stick.
Bata. A quail.
DaK bata. A snipe.
Bata. To blab, to blunder, to throw
a stone in one's own garden, to
put one's foot in it.
Alom rora, tliirkottme. jahanalEem rof bata
tanaft joiia.
Sata lekau katha kana.
Amtegem ror ba^aante kombroem hoeena,
baiikhan hutkam ohoko menlema. If you
had not blabbed you would not have been
called a thief.
Bataic. To be at the last gasp, to
breathe heavily, as a person at
the point of death.
Batali bataerolckanae. He is breathing hia last.
Batak batak lorao cabalenae.
Eatan batan. ") To snap at, to reply
Becer becer. J testily.
Batao. To respect, to give heed to, to
obey, to be effective, to heed.
DalkederehS bae bataolaRa. Although he beat
him he did not obey.
Uni n9.bi menteko bataokedea. They respected
him as a prophet.
Batar. Season, the proper time, state
or condition ; seasonable.
Batarre. In season.
Tak batar lielte. Watching for a favourable
time (for sowing.)
Bebatar. Unseasonable, unfavourable condit-
ions.
Batar. T Unwholesome, inducing ill-
Batara. J" ness, injurious, sowing
discord, breeding dissension.
Batara katha. Talk fitted to cause dissension.
Bheij'a jel am l9.gi€ batafagea. Bam'a flesh is
injurious to you,
Bataric. Immature ; match, fellow.
Bate. "I Court-yard of a house.
Ale batere alom hnyeta. Do not enter our
court-yard, i. e. do not come near us.
Bathan. A temporary enclosure for
cattle when taken to a distance
to graze, a sheep fold.
Bati. A metal cup or basin.
Bati. A lamp wick, a lamp of Euro-
pean manufacture.
Batil. Excess, surplus, overplus, to
exceed present need, not required
for present use.
Noa nahel batilgetamkhan den iii emalime. If
this plough is not required for present use
lend it to me.
Batkara. 1 . ■ ■, , , • i •, ,
Batkhara. ) ^ ^^^'§^^*^ *^° ^^^^^ ^^*^-
Bat katao. To mislead, to mistify by
much speaking.
Batkati. \Obstinate,self willed, fluent
Batkatua. J in speech, talkative.
Marah batkatug. hoy kanae. He is a very
obstinate man.
Batkhara. Cf batkara.
Batki.
Batki
cia. J
The first wife.
tic tumour.
Batkia. The first wife > rt „„i„ *„.,
Chutki. The second wife, j " """^y *^°-
Batkia. The first wife ~)
MaAjhli. The second wife. >• If three.
Chutki. The third wife. 3
Batkunda. One who exaggerates, or
draws the long bow, one who
spins yarns.
Marah batkunda hof kanae. He exaggerates
greatly.
Batlao. To shew, to point out, to in-
struct.
K^mi batlaoalime. Shew me my work.
Batol. "> Susceptible to injury from
Bator. J eating certain foods, un-
wholesome, inducing illness, or
disease.
Am l^gii aiji batorgea. It is very unwhole-
some for you.
Am l^git bail batofa. It will not injure you.
Batori. "1/^, ,-
Baturi. ry^'''
Batra. The pea.
Batra dal. Split peas.
Batrao. To germinate, to germinate
well.
Bail batraolena, aphor do. The seed dhan did
not germinate well.
Batri. A ornament worn by women
on the second toe.
Thisi. The guard of the ' b»tri.'
Batu. ") A small bag used to carry
Batua. / small articles in, such as
money, tobacco, &c.
Batua. M.
Batwi. T.
iig,^u^, b?itwikin calaoena.
Baturi. Cystic tumour.
Batur satur. "j Food left by others, re-
Satur gatur. j- fuse from a feast, dirty ;
Satur batur. J incomplete, as a narra-
tive.
Batur s^tur alom joma. Do not eat leavings.
Wanton, unchaste.
Batwi
[ 48 ]
Bebaric
Batwi. Cf. batua.
Bau. Used by children when playing
the game of hide and seek, also
by women to women to call atten-
tion, also used in some instances,
b}' a ' bala era' (q. v.) when saluting
her ' bala herel.'
Bauha. To be in season, said of ani-
mals.
G^-iye bauhalckana.
Bauhari. In season, of animals ; wan-
dering.
Baula. The toe peg of a ' badha '(<!• v.)
Baula bauli. Insane, off one's head,
crazy.
Baulaha. M. ") Mad, insane, cracked
Baulahi. F. j pate, crazy.
Nui maejiu baulahieute emanteaK baro sotroe
ror halaiieda. This woman talks all kinds
of nonsense because she is crazy.
Baulau. Insane, mad, cracked, crazy.
Bauli. To deceive, to blind, to pretend.
Bauli calaoenae.
E?ralikateye calaoena.
Baundi. The second day of the Sakrat
porob (q. v.) ; a crajffish.
■p'' ■ . i^ ?• Foolish, stupid, ignorant.
Baurl. To wind thread, as on the
thumb and fore finger, in the form
of the figure 8.
Baurl. Cf baora. A female dwarf
Bauii. A caste of semi-Hinduised a-
borigines.
Bayaban. A flood, a deluge ; to be lost,
to disapj^ear.
Bayabanenae. He baa disappeared.
Bayan. To explain, to relate.
Bayan. A jungle climbing plant, the
root of which is eaten.
Bayar. A male buffalo kept for brood-
ing purposes, a rogue buffalo ; to
rut.
Bayar sandi. A cock kept for breeding
jjurposes.
Baya^ buyut. To let out a secret, to
let the cat out of the bag, to blab,
to peach.
Bayati buyut'e ror baraeeda. Ho is blabbing.
Bayok. Cf bai. To be seized with
convulsions.
Bayul. ]
Bayul bayul. -Long, sweeping.
Soyol boyol. J
Bayul marteye donkeda, kul do. The tiger
made a long spring.
Bayul marte udauenae, j)inoar maraK do. The
peacock flew sweeping away.
Bayul bayule don idikeda, kul do. The tiger
took a series of long jumps.
Bazar. Cf bajar.
Be. A privative particle denoting,
v/ithout, not.
Be-basut, be-batar, be-bhorsa.
Beabron. ) Stripped, disgraced, asham-
Beabruk. / ed, modesty outraged.
Beabruk katha. Disparaging words.
Kisar doe beabrukakana. The wealthy man is
stripped of all his wealth.
Beabrukkedeako. They treated him shamefully.
Be-ad. Refugeless. without shelter,
exposed.
Be-ae. Without measure, or stint.
Beaj. Interest.
Beakul. Agitated in mind, perplexed.
Beamda. Without any one to look to,
or apjDly to.
Bean. To explain, to narrate, to relate.
Be-an. Without law. Cf an.
Be-as. Without hope, hopeless. Cf as.
Be-at. Without opportunity. Cf at.
Bebak. All, the whole, wholly, with
out exception.
Bebaric. Many, much ; an adjective
or an adverb with intensifying
force.
Bebg^riii horbo jarwalena. Many people were
assembled.
Bebariee dalkedea. He beat him severely.
Beb9.rio dak oalaKbana. Much water is flowing.
Bebariee edrelena. He was very angry.
Beb^rioe ral^keda. He wept bitterly.
Bebarije darkeda. He ran very swiftly.
Bob?.rio noa kat maJijana. This log has a
large amount of heart wood.
Bebarioko tapamlena. They fought fiercely.
Bebariokin galftea. They are fast friends.
Bebaric takako emkeda. They gave a vast sum
of money.
Bobaride kisara. He is enormously rich.
Bebariiie rehgecena. He is extremely poor.
Bebai-icko ^andomkedea. They fined him
heavily'
Bebariee .setoheda. It is excessively hot.
Bebai-ide dam^^f kana. Ho prices it very high.
Be-basut
[ 49 ]
Be-gadiuii>
Be-basut To be displeased with, to
disapprove, to reject, to dislilie ;
displacency.
Bebe. To croak, as a frog in the rains.
Be-batar. Unseasonable, out of season.
Bebe rote. A species of frog.
Be-batao. To disregard, to disobey.
Bebha. Cf. bembha.
Be-bhagan. Unfortunate, unlucky.
Bebhaok. To bleat.
Bebhar. To disgrace, to cause shame.
PeraVo gignadillae, bebharkediliae. He brou-
ght friends to me, ajid disgraced me (as I
had no food to give them.)
Bebhorom. To outrage one's modesty,
disgi-ace.
Be-bhorsa. Disappointed, hopeless.
Bebosa. To divide, to share, to appor-
tion.
Ma daka bebosaepe. Come, divide the rice.
Be-bostor. Without clothing, scantily
clad, clothing worn out.
Bebrel C£ berei
Be-buj. Without understanding, fool-
ish, simple.
Be6. To vomit, to be sick, used main-
ly of children.
Toa beokedae. He vomited milk.
Becara. Poor, unfortunate ; to be pitied.
Be-cas. Landless, having no land to
cultivate.
Becbedrec. ") . • e i. r i
T> 'Y^ j t' 1 species 01 water fowl.
Becbedrec. ) Small, of no inportance,
Becbedrel / insignificant.
Noko beobeijreo hor ce^ko oeka dareaKa ? What
can these insignificant people do ?
Becer becer. Cf batan batan.
Bed. The Vedas, the Hindu sacred
books.
Bed. Adverse influence or hindrance
of a supernatural kind.
Bed lagaoena. A supernatural adverse influ-
ence is at work.
Bed katao. \ To remove the adverse influence.
Bed guog.u. 3 or hindrance.
Bed bidhi. Cf bed.
Be<Ja. Level ground along the bank of
a river, lower than the surroun-
ding country.
Beda. To deceive, to mislead, to pre-
tend.
Hoy bedae ror bajaeeda. He speaks deceiving
words.
Bedan. To travail in child biith.
Bed bede. Broad faced.
Bedea. The name given to those San-
tals who refused to accompany
the rest of the tribe when they
fled from Campa through fear of
Madho Sin.
Bedec bedec. Cf bidic bidic.
Bedha. Cross giained,
Bedhao. To wrap round, as a girdle,
or a bandage.
Bedharak. An adjective or an adverb
possessing intensifying force.
Bedharak horko jarwalena. There was a vast
concourse of people.
Bedharake arelkeda. A fierce hail storm.
Bedharak joakana. Heavily laden with fruit.
Be-dhob. Shapeless, ugly, inartistic.
Bedhor. Knotty, crossgiained, unso-
cial, unsympathetic, hard, tedious,
difficult.
Bedhor hor kanae, efaK hor saote bao gatelfa.
He is an unsocial person, he makes friends
with none.
Noa kat do bedhorgea. This log is cross-
grained.
Bedin. peathen.
Bedha. Pain, grief
Bedod. To make a slip, to mistake,
to overlook.
Eor bedookedali. I made a slip of the tongue.
Oka then con bedoo hoeen, teheA do cele ho
babon goeletkoa.
Be-dokhol. To dispossess, to evict.
Bedokholkediiiam. You have dispossessed me.
Bedon. Pain, grief distress.
Bedred. Small, insignificant.
Beg. A bag, a portmanteau.
Beg. To stretch forward the body or
arm, to lean upon.
Begkate tiogme. Stretch out and reach it.
Be-gadnao. To show disrespect to
elders or superiors. Of gadnao.
Begar
[ 5t) ]
Be-juri
Begar. Separate, different ; to Separate,
to divide the paternal inheritance,
after which the sons set up on
their own account.
Begarenale. We have separated. (We have
no longer things in common.)
Begarge lieloKkana. It looks different.
Begar. "j Forced labour without pay
Begari. |- exacted by the Zemindars
Bithi. j from their ryots.
Beg?iriye kgimi ocoefkoa. He compels them to
work without pay.
Bithiko senakana .
Mil} kos calak begare gapmekhan. If he com-
pels you to go one kos.
Begbege. Wide apart.
Begbege tengoakanae. He is standing with
his feet far apart.
Mooa or begbegetaeme. Pull his mouth wide.
(said to one who speaks too much.)
Begor. Without, except, besides, in-
dependent of.
Begor sikate. Without ploughing.
Iii begor ce-C ho bape ceka dareaKa. Without
me ye can do nothing.
Behaj."! Expressive of wonder, or as-
Bejae. J- tonishment ; much, astonish-
Behal.J ing, amazing.
Adiii haharakkana, behai bam ilel oromakade.
Behaj nixeiban hor kanali cele.
Be-hal. To be ruined, destroyed, dis-
tressed, unfortunate, to become
poor, to lose all one's property ;
unserviceable, damaged, worn out,
used up.
Behal. Cf. behaj.
Be-hephajot. To neglect, not to take
care of ; uncared for.
Nui gidr?i do behephajotenae. This child is un-
cared for.
Be-hirla. To have no one to trust, or
look to for help.
Behirlalenako. They had no one to whom they
could look for help.
Behod. Dull, slow, thick-headed.
Behoj. Cf behaj.
BehojkeU dom !
Be-hok. Unjust, partial.
Behol. Cf behaj.
Behor. Hard, difficult.
Ar okoekoak p9.rsi ^.nari ar behorgea, onko then
do bah, onkoali p9.rsi do ente ohom bujh^iu
darelea.
Be-hor. Unmarried, without a wife.
Behoran hor kanae. He has not got a wife.
Be-hor. Pathless, a tedious, difficult
road.
T>- 1 ' > Unconscious, forgetful.
Be-hudis. Thoughtlessly, carelessly.
Behurmat. ") To outrage one's modesty,
Bemurwat. ) to treat one shame-
fully, to disgrace.
Behurmatkedete eken tiko laga got'kadea.
They shamefully treated him and sent him
away empty-handed.
Be-hus. C£ behos.
Be-husnak. Ugly, unadorned, plain,
Be-hut. \Submissive, gentle, unasser-
BehHth. J tive, obedient, oppressive.
Bejae. An adjective or an adverb pos-
sessing intensifying force ; very,
excessive, exceedingly, &c. &c.
Bejae thonok ar adi moilj sade gotena. It
sounded sweetly and harmoniously.
Bejae atetkanae. He strives vigorously.
Be-jaega. To evict one from his land,
or house, to take one's land from
him, to be landless.
Jaega khon bejaegakediJiae. He evicted me
from my farm.
Be-jan. "Without knowing, ignorantly,
unintentionally, accidentally.
Bejanill tuiiledea. I shot him accidentally.
Bejar. To suffer from an attack of
fever, to be ill.
Bejarenae. He has fever.
Beje beje. Loquacious, garrulous.
Beje buijhi. A garrulous old woman.
Bejek bejek. Foul, as a suppurating
sore ; liquid filth.
Bejelgak. Disgusting, unpleasant to
the sight, as a sore.
Bejha. Target, mark to shoot at ; to
shoot at a target.
Ma bejhaepe. Shoot at the target.
Bejha tuilpe. Shoot at the target.
Bejha. To put another forward, to lay
the blame on another, to shield
oneself at the expense of another,
to blame.
Sanam hortele galmarao miUkeda, ili geko
bejhakedilia. We all agreed to it, and they
have put all the blame on me.
Be-juri. ") Odd, unequal, not in unison,
Be-juri. J as two flutes.
Bc-kam
[ 51 ]
Bendai )
Be-kam. Useless, inefficient.
Bekar. Uncomfortable, malodorous,
disgusting.
Beke beke. ") Said of children quarrel-
Tere tere, J ling, to squabble.
Beker bendan. Swollen, puffed up,
bursting, as a seed begun to ger-
minate.
Bel. To establish, to place a bed, stool,
&c. for use, to spread a mat, &c.
Parkom belme. Place the bed on its feet.
F9.ti9,ko belafkoa. They spread mats for them.
Bel. Level.
Bel ot. Level ground.
Bela. Time, the sun.
Kubelaena. It is late.
Selabela. Time after time, continually, often.
Belaorija. A common weed, Gcesulia
axiUari.s, Roxb.
Belaur. The onyx.
Beldar. A semi-Hinduized caste of
earth diggers, a navvy.
Bele. An egg ; to lay eggs ;. testicles.
Ghorao bele. Egg turned with sitting.
PhokoK bele. An addled egg.
Bele bu8?.K. To hatch.
Potambele. Two small stars very close to each
other, near Vega, in constellation Lyra.
Bele. To ripen.
Bele jail. Klpe grain.
Gelelc beleK din. Harvest drawing near.
l^l^H^Zna, ]0-"'P-
Bele lahaena. "1
Bele lambaoeua. > Over ripe, so as to be useless.
Bele boramena. J
Goso bele. 1 To ripen after having been pluck-
Borea bele > ed.
Bele. To gather, as an abscess, to sup-
purate, to mortify, to fester ; pus,
matter, discharge.
Toa bele. Suppurating breast, milk abscess.
Balke€khan bele to^ena. When it had been
punctured the matter escaped.
B3le kombroio. The egg stealer, a star so
called, probably Vega.
Bele botke. The yolk of an egg ; met.
a small, young, insignificant crea-
ture.
Bele botke ce€e Ijiama? What can this child
say to you ?
, Bele botke dom agiiakadea. You have brought
a small insignificant thing, (as a very small
chicken for sacrifice).
Beleii beled ? Skin tender in appearance
and soft to touch.
Be-lctuc. Impossible.
Belkec. Strong, healthy, lusty, applied
to infants.
Khub belkod gidr?. kanae. He is a very heal-
thy child.
Belkeil. Young, fresh, as leaves ; an in-
fant.
Belna. To roll dough into thin cakes.
Belok. To separate ; different.
Belok beloke sirjauketkoa. He created them
species by species.
Belted. A child of a month or six
week's old, callow, unfledged.
Bale belteii. An infant.
Bemal. Useless, spoilt, ruined.
Mai dom bemalkedetaea. Ton have ruined his
property (bullock).
Beman. ") To shew disrespect to, to re-
Bemani. J proach,
Alem bemaneBlea. Ton show disrespect to us.
Be-manot. Disrespect, dishonour.
Bemar. Without relatives, without
heirs.
Bembha. A simpleton, a muff.
Bemblaha. A fool, an ignoramus.
Bemurad. Without relatives, without
heirs.
Bemurwad. To disgrace, to outrage
one's modesty.
Bena. A common grass found near tanks
and other moist situations, Anclro-
pogon muricatus.
Benahak."! Uselessly, causelessly, fruit-
Benohok. V lessly, vainly, for no
Benhak. J purpose.
Benahakifi heaakana. I have come in vain.
Benao. To make, to prepare, to fully
develop, to be of good behaviour.
Cf, banao.
Gidra bae benaolena. The child has not deve-
loped well (in body or mind).
Benaphul. A variety of the rice plant.
Bed bed. Peevishly ; to blubber.
Gidrg. do bell be<ieralfeda.
Bene. A bench, a form.
Bendao. To destroy, to waste, to kill
to die, to depart this life.
Benijaoenae. Ho is dead.
Katem maK ben(|laokeda. You have cut and
wasted the log.
Benderi
[ 52 ]
Ber
Bended. To fasten garment round
waist of children.
BendeJi kamali. I will fasten your cloth round
your waist.
Bender. Not completely husked, not
well cleaned, as rice of husk.
Bender. To slightly abrade but with-
out fetching blood.
TuA benderalcadeail, nui kulai do. I shot at
and abraded the skin of this hare.
Bendrec, C£ betret'.
Bendret. Small, insignificant.
Bendret' mara gidrgi. Bothersome little thing.
ene. ) ^^ enemy ; to be at enmity.
Jtsenea. J
Bene b?.iri. An enemy, enemies.
Benei A stopper, a lid, the accrescent
calyx of certain fruits as that of
Diospyros tomentosa, the terel.
From bet! (q. v.)
Bengar. The Egg plant, or brinjah
Solanum Melongena, Linn.
Hende bengar. ^
Pon<J (Ji'Jpls?' beiigar 1
Soelabehgar. r Varieties of the Egg
Koroe beiigar. I plant.
Kajri beiigar.
Bengal- betahef. A wild plant resem-
bling the Egg jjlant, Solanum
stramonifolium, Jacq.
Bengel To open the eyes, to awake,
to gaze, to look, to stare.
Alom beiigeiJakoa. Don't look at them.
Eipit japite beiigefeda. He blinks.
Mi£ beiige^ge menaiia. I ha¥e not closed my
eyes.
Benge« phariaenae. 7 jj ; f^■^■^ ^^^^^_
Benget pharnaoenae. ) ■'
Befjgo narl. A common climbing
plant, Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn.
The roots and aerial tubers of this plant are
eaten as a food, especially in times of
scarcity.
Benparsi. To desert one side for an-
other, to run with the hare and
hunt with the hounds ; a turncoat.
Beiiparsi got'enae. He changed sides.
Benhok. C£ benahak.
Benjak. Small, unimportant, insig-
nificant ; a small piece, a scrap.
Mi€ beiijaK ill emadea. I gave him a scrap.
Berijalf mara hor. An insignificant person.
BerijaK aeraK gidrg. g^iji teo ^eoKkanae.
BeiijaK seret' gidra cei non(Je dom liamkana ?
Benjak. Rheum from the eyes.
Berijan biiijiri. Neither one thing nor
the other, confused, a jumble.
Berijan bifijiliko ruieda. What they are play-
ing on the drum is a mere jumble.
Berijaii birijilie laiadiria, bail bnjhg.ulet'taea.
She jumbled it up so in telling me I could not
make out her meaning.
Benjlan. Small, unimportant, insigni-
ficant. Cf. benjak.
Bentar. A method of wearing the sari.
Cf. bande.
Beocao. To displease, to cause to sulk.
Beohar. Usage, practice, custom, con-
duct, behaviour ; to comport one-
self, to behave, to conduct one-
self; to use.
Beora. A hitch, mishap, calamity,
accidental delay, press of business,
business.
Noa beorareil paraoena. This hitch has occur-
red to me.
Ce^ beora kantapea ? Narta (q. t.) What are
you engaged in ! A christening.
Bepar. To trade, to traffic, to buy
and sell.
Pher bepar. Buying and selling.
-D " •' [■ A merchant, a trader.
Beparia J
Be-phaeda. Unprofitable, useless, pro-
fitless.
Noa k^mi do bephaedagetapea. This work
will bring you no profit.
Beporbhae. Fearless, obstinate, self-
willed.
Beporloe. An adjective or an adverb
possessing intensifying force ; many,
a large number, &c.
Beporloe hor menaKkoa. A large number of
people.
Beporloeye daKkeda. It poured a deluge.
Beporloe joakana. Heavily laden with fruit.
Beporloeye dalkedea . He beat him mercilessly.
Beporloe oas hoeakana. A bountiful harvest.
Ber. Time, the sun, opportunity, the
distance between the -sun and
the horizon.
Ber rioKkate. When the morning advances
a little.
Eimil iate ber bam riel liamea. Tou will not
see the sun for clouds.
Ber hasurenae. The sun has set.
Ber ma henaege. The sun has not yet set.
Bsr rakap see. The East.
Mit (Jail berreko seferena. They arrived when
the sun was one dang's length from the hori-
zon (daii a pole 10 or 12 feet long.)
Ber
t 53 ]
Bertha
Ber. Some occult adverse influence,
super-natural hindrance.
Bey lagaoena. Some oooult adverse influenoe
is at work.
Ber katsome. Cause the adverse influenoe to
be removed, (by oharm or spell.)
Eer. A method of catching fish by
throwing nets from all sides, or
surrounding them by stake nets.
Adi ut»r hakoko berket'koa. They netted very
many fish.
Ber. Distance between the thumb and
little finger when stretched.
Bound timber is measured by the ber.
Bera. Cf. bela.
Bera biri. Round about, in all direc-
tions.
Bera biri beiigef baraeedae. He is looking
round about, (as a startled deer.)
Beraji.") Displeased, unkind, not well
Beroj. J affected towards another,
unconsenting.
Beran. Colourless.
Be-rar. Out of time, out of tune, as
a musical instrument.
Berbad. Throivn away, destroyed, laid
waste, ruined, squandered.
SanamaK berbadena. All is thrown away.
Caltem berbadkeftiAa P Why did you destroy
my (work, &c.)?
Bgrbak. Incorrect, mispronounced, un-
idiomatic, faulty, mis-used.
Berband. To seize cattle, or other
property to pay debt, or money due.
Berband. A saddle girth.
Berdor. ~) A small bush, Combretuvi
Bhursa. j nana.
Bgrg bgrg. Out of tune, tune incorrect-
ly sung, or played ; shrill.
Alom here bereKa. Don't sing out of tune.
Noko do sid' satup here bereko kaphari9.uK-
kana.
Berel. Raw, unripe, uncooked, fresh,
cold.
Berel daK. Cold water.
Ghao berelolf kana. The wound is becoming raw.
Berel ghao. A raw sore.
Cabake^ali kathaarhSko berel rug.rkeda. They
opened up the subject afresh.
Kiorioko berel dagtakoa. They wash their
clothes in cold water.
Berel dagoRiii oalalfkana. I am going to bathe.
Berel. To dwell, to take up abode.
Berel thao. Dwelling place.
De, alethen bereloKpe. Come, take up your
residence in our village.
Berejijo. A hedge plant, Thevitia
neriifolia, Juss.
Berei!) phul. A pretty flowering plant,
Gyathocline lyrata, Cass.
Beret. To rise, or stand up, to arise
from sleep, to get up, to raise any-
thing to an upright position.
Beretme. Get up.
T?.mbu beredme. Pitch the tent.
Jiwei beredoK. The resurrection.
Bgrg tirio. A kind of bamboo flute.
Berga. Small of stature, under-sized,
as an ox &c.
Berga ijahra okaenae. Where is the under-
sized ox P
Berhae. \Round about, all round ; to
Berhaete. J encircle.
Berhaeteko dara acurkeda. They went all
round it.
Berhon. Daily wages paid in kind to
agricultural labourers.
Berkeii. Lounging, loafing, standing
about without any thing to do.
Bejrkeiie tehgoakana. He is standing looking
idly on.
Bernbak. Cf bgrbak.
Berod. Out of temper, sulky.
Uni gidrgi doe borodgea. That child is sulky.
Beroj. Cf beraji.
Beron. Unseasoned, without season-
ing, or condiments, as food.
Utu do beroiigea. There is no seasoning in the
relish (utu, q. v.)
Be-ron. Colourless.
Beros. Vexed, displeased, indisposed,
not of one mind.
Uni tnlue berosgeae. He is displeased with
him.
Teheri do berosgeli afkareda hormore. I feel
indisposed in body to-day.
BerSt duk. Any disease, or illness the
name of which is not known;
gripes.
Ber5ti. Cramp in the stomach, gener-
ally said of domesticated animals.
Bertha. Vainly, fruitlessly, futile,
bootless, unprofitable, to no pur-
pose.
Bali berthalcna. I was not baffled.
Bertha do ball calaKa. I will not go on a tool's
errand.
Bertha do alom araga. Don't fire until you are
certain of your aim.
Be-nip
Bhal.
Be-rup. To change, or alter appearance>
or form ; to disfigure ; shapeless.
Bes. Good, well ; to improve, to reco-
ver from illness, to heal, to cure.
BeaoKgeJi Aamtana. I wish to get well.
Beakamali. I will cure you.
Bes do ball metama. I will not commend you,
Bes otoete. Efficiently, effectively, thoroughly.
Bes barakatkoale. We healed their divisions.
Be-sabab. Without a reason.
Be-sagun. Ill-omened, an evil omen.
Besaha. To traffic, to sell, to dispose
of
Turi besahae aenakana. He has gone to sell
mustard seed.
Be-sajon. \ Ugly, unadorned, unfinish-
Be-sajonta.J ed, unsuitable.
Be-sak. C£ be-sok.
Besao. 1 To mimic, to mock, to follow
Bhesao. J suit.
Besok. Displeased.
Be-sok. \ Assuredly, without doubt,
Be-sak. J certainly.
BsBok iJi calaKa. I shall most certainly go.
Besra. One of the twelve tribes or
septs into which the Santals are
divided.
Besra bayar. Cf . bayar. The Besra have the
reputation of having been at one time very
licentious. Tradition has it that they were
separated from the others owing to the im-
moral behaviour of their eponym, who was
called Besra, the licentious one. Besra
bayar is apparently a gloss on the original
Besra.
Besrom. Stubborn, self-willed, disobe-
dient.
Cele besrom kan coe roraK ho bae alijoma.
Bestok. To importune, to entreat, to
clamour for.
Bethaon.
Beth.
ithaon. 1
3thon. j
To wind bobbins.
Bothoniil calaUkana, jolha orakte. I am going
to wind bobbins at the weaver's house.
Beth begar. Forced labour.
Bethikan. Without certainty, unlimit-
ed.
Besumar. Countless, unlimited, that
cannot be described.
Besumare dgirkeda. He ran like the wind.
^ery deep, bottomless.
Bet'. To blind fold, to cover the eyes,
to put on a lid, or cover ; to cover.
Kicricteye bet' esetena. He has covered his
eyes with his cloth.
Tite bedoKme. Put your hand over your eyes.
Tukucreko beda. They cover up (the article)
in the pot.
Tukuoe betkat'ge. He closed the opening of
the pot, i. e. put on the lid.
BSt. A cane, a rattan. Calamus Ro-
tang, Linn ; to flog with a cane,
stroke of a cane.
Bar iai bete liawaua. He received 40 strokes
with a cane.
Betkedeako. They flogged him with a cane.
Beta. Son, an affectionate form of
address.
Jawae beta. A bridegroom.
Be-tabe. Free, independent.
Bet bel A game played by children,
Betha. Inflamation of lungs, or mem-
branes thereof
Betha. Pain ; to pain one in body,
or mind.
Be-thah. ") ,t
Be-than. j
Bethar. To sit ; employed generally
in conjunction with dump (q. v.)
Celate cat;i9.te durupen befharen.
Bethaura. To watch, to superintend.
TJsed mainly of a person who has made over
thread to a weaver to be made into cloth,
and who sits beside him until the cloth is
woven, to see that his thread is] not made
away with.
Be-thik. ~| Incorrect, faulty, uncomfor-
Ban. thik.j table.
Be-thir. Restless ; unrest.
Betiar. Drawn up, unstretched.
Betkec. Weak, tender, young, callow.
Bale betked. An infant.
Nui betkede arisakat'a. This infant is annoying.
Beton. Pay, wages.
Betrel Small, insignificant.
Betre^ mara gidra. A bothersome, insignifi-
cant child.
Beyakaran. Grammar.
Beyan. \ Explanation, relation ; to ex-
Bean, j plain, to relate.
Bhab. Friendship, love, sorrow, anxiety.
XJnkin do aiji bhabtakin. They are very friendly.
BhaboKkanakin. They are enjoying each other's
society.
Uni do ?(Ji bhab boloadea. He had very great
Bhabi
[ 55 J
Bliagno
Bhabi. To grieve, sorrow.
Guni hhabiK . To grievo over, to sorrow over,
to brood over.
Nonka gunibhabi gunibligibitoyo laha idiena.
Bhabna. To sorrow, to grieve ; sorrow,
grief.
Bebarieili bhabnaena. I am exceedingly sor-
rowful.
Maejiu do gidr^ joiire bhabna menaKtaea. A wo-
man wnen in travail hath sorrow.
Bhabrao. To induce, to instigate, to
lead away by false pretences, to
beguile.
TJniaK bhabraoteli senena. I went at his ins-
tigation.
Bhabrao idikediilae, takaii emama. He be-
guiled me by offering me money.
HoraR bhabraoteri hedena.
Bhabri. A small bush, Evihelia
robusta, Roxh.
Bhacam bhucum. Idle, lazy.
Bhaoam bhucumem dara baraekana. You go
loafing about.
Bhacad bhucud. Restless, always on
the move, unable to remain still.
Bhac bhac. To chatter, to prate, to
gabble.
Bhacbhace roreda. He chatters.
Bhac bhacao. \To chatter, to prate,
Bhoc bhocao. J to gabble, to speak
at random ; loquacious.
Bhac bhuc. To go here and there, to
keep out of the way.
Bhac bhuc baraekanae. She goes about goasip-
ping.
Bhackao. To chatter, to prate, to talk
nonsense, to speak at random, to
speak as an insane person.
Bhacka bhacki. Tot alk idly, or obscene-
ly, as an insane person.
Bhacka bhg.ckiye rora.
Bhacko. Talkative, glib, used mainly
of girls and young women.
Marah bhacko kanae. She is a great talker.
Bhad. ■) To make a pattering noise,
Bhad bhad. J as a shower of fruit from
a tree ; to patter, as hail stones ; to
patter.
Bhad bhadkin darkeda. They ran pattering
away.
Bhad bhade arelkeda. The hail pattered.
Bhad mente liurena. It fell pattering.
Bhad bhud. ) To fall with a thud, to
Bhad bhud. J thud.
Bhad bhud riuroKkana. They fall with a thud.
Bhades. To be haughty, or supercil-
ious, to spurn, to depreciate, tc»
look down on, to revile.
Tu^r gidra alom bhadeskoa.
Kaimi realie bhadosedi^kana.
Bbados katbae rofadiria. He reviled me.
Horko samahro 9i<Jiyo bhodeskediAa. Ho revil-
ed me before all the people.
Bhadet bhadet. Knock-kneed, to
walk as one weak in the knees.
Nui hoy do bha(Je£ bha^ete tafamefkana. Thia
man knocks his knees when be walks.
Bhadial. Knock-kneed.
Bhadi9,l bha4i*le calaK kana.
Bhado. Cf bhador.
Bhadoo hero. Rice that ripens in the
month Bhador, Augst-Sept.
Bhador. The fifth solar month, August-
September.
Bhador khoroo. A veiled name for & wild
pigeon, or a quail.
Bhador jhapni. A very small sensitive
plant, common during the rains,
Biophitutn sensiiivum.
Bhadra. Loquacious, talkative, tongue
never at rest.
Bhadra. Crops ripening in Bhador
(q. V.)
Bhadu. A forest tree, Vitex alata,
Roxh.
Bhadu. A idol made by the Hindus
in the month of Bhador (q. v.)
Bhag. To divide, to share, to appor-
tion ; a share, a portion.
Bhagkoaii. I will divide them into parties.
Mit bhag emadme. Give me one share.
Bhag. Fate, fortune, chance.
Bhagte. By chance, scarcely, no sooner than.
AmaK bhagte nui gidra doe hoeakana.
Oka bhagiii calaKa. What chance have I to go.
Sehgel oka bh^gpe iric dareaKa ? What chance
have you of putting the fire out ?
Bhagteye jomkeda, adoe calao gotena.
T,, -^ ■ >■ Blessed, fortunate, lucky.
Bhagman. J > j
Dayakko geko bhg.gan, ente onbo do dayaakoa.
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive
mercy.
Bhagao. To overcome, to conquer, to
gain victory.
Bhagaokodeail , I conquered him.
Dareenali, uniye bhagaoena.
Bhagao. To divide, to divide into
shares, or pieces.
Nui merombon bhagaoea. We will divide this
goat into pieces (for convenience of sale.)
Bhagat
[ 58
Bhaknda
Bhagat. A vegetarian.
Bhage. Good, well.
Bhage hor. A good man.
Bhagegeye rorlaKa. He said well.
Bhagete. An adverb or an adjective pos-
sessing intensifying force.
Bliageteye dalkedea. He beat him severely.
Bhagetekin k^plig.ri9,uena. They quarrelled
fiercely.
Bhageteye egerkedea. He abused him violently.
Bhage sahltte. Carefully, well, dili-
gently, effectually, minutely, give
one's mind to.
Bhage sahitte disgi dohoeme. Treasure it up
in your mind.
Bhafidar. } ^ '^^'^®^' ^ P^^*^^^'
Bhag jat. A system of cultivation in
which the cultivator supplies the
cattle, implements and labour, and
receives one half of the produce.
Bhagin. Niece.
Deo bhg.giQ. A man's sisters and their children.
Bhagna. Sisters' children, nephews
or nieces.
Bh^gnad. My nephew, or niece.
Bhagnaii kora. My nephew.
Bh^gn^ii kuri. My niece.
Bhagnam. Thy nephew, or niece.
Bhagnam kora. Thy nephew.
Bh9.gn9.m kuri. Thy niece.
Bh^gnat, bhg.gn9itte£. Hia nephew, or niece.
Bhagnitkora. His nephew.
Bhg,gnat kuri. His niece.
Bh?.gniii. My niece.
Bhagnim. Thy niece.
Bhgignitte^. His niece.
Bhagni. To be overcome, to withdraw.
Bhagnienae. He is overcome.
Bhagwa. A narrow strip of cloth pas-
sed between the thighs, and tuck-
ed into a waist string (doi'a q. v.)
before and behind, to conceal the
privy parts ; a piece of male attire.
Bhai. (1) Brother. (2) Or, whether.
CalaUam, ki bbg-iem tahenreho.
Bhaiadi. Brothers, near relatives.
Bhaica. Elder brother's children, ne-
phews, or nieces.
Bh^ioaliko. My elder brother's chidren.
Bhg.ic9iii kora. My nephew.
„ kuri. My niece.
Bhgiic?.m. Thy nephew, or niece.
Bhgiicamko. Thy nephews, or nieces.
Bhaioam kora. Thy nephew.
,, kuri. Thyneice.
Bhaicat. 1 tt- t.
Bhaic?,ttet. 5 H'« nephew, or niece.
Bhaic?.tko. His nephews, or nieces.
Bh?.ioat kora. His nephew.
,, kuri. His niece.
Bhaisa. A rather uncommon plant
only found at high elevations,
Golebroolcia oppositifolia, Linn.
Bhajan. A pot, a basket, a vessel.
Kuhk?l bhajan. Earthenware, pottery.
Mahle bhajan. Basket ware, bamboo ware.
Bhaira. M. ") y
Bhajri, F. j^^l"
Adi bh^^jri maejiulkanae.
tive woman.
Bhak.
Bhakar bhakar.
Bhakar bhukur,
Bhak bhak.
Bhukur bhukur..
acious, talkative.
She ia a very talka-
To bubble, as a spring
of water or as boil-
ing water ; to issue
in puffs, as steam ;
to spurt, as blood
from an artery ; to rise as a smell,
to issue forth.
Bhak marte so rakap go^ena.
Bhak bhak dhua todoKkana. The smoke issues
in puffs.
Bhukur bhukur heiJejoKkaua. The water boils
and bubbles.
Bhaka. Language, dialect, speech.
Bhakha.}^^^^^'*'*"^^''^^^-
Bhakhaefkanae, menkhan bae darelena. He
boasts, but cannot do it.
Bhakara. ") A report, a
rumour, a
false report, boasting ;
Bhakhara. J
bragging.
Jahudiko talare bhakaraakana teheii dh^bioge.
And this report continueth to this day among
the Jews.
Bhakar bhakar. Cf, bhak.
Bhakar bhukur. Cf, bhak,
Bhak bhak. Cf, bhak.
Bhaknao. To chatter.
Bhak bhok. To speak nonsensicallj^
as a drunken man.
Bhakcu. Stupid, witless.
Bhakha. Speech, language.
Eken bhakha teCge taharese£ bae kami dareaka.
Bhakha. To boast. Cf bhaka.
Bhakhara. Cf, bhakara.
Bhakti. Religious, pious.
Bhakh bhakao. To issue freely, to
spring, as water.
Bhakhna bhakhni. Idle, obscene talk.
Cetko 00 bhakhna bhgikhniye rorleda.
Bhakndao. To stray, to err, to be
deceived.
Bhivkum
[ 57 J
Bhangn
Bhakum. 1 qu ^ i j ^ ^
Bhakum bhak. IShort-necked, stout
Bhakurbhak. J and short necked.
Bhakwau. Cf. bhutau.
Bhal. Good, respectable.
Bhala. Well, good, well then,, you
don't say so, let mo see then, it
does not signify, it matters little.
Jom geloali bhala, oet'leka sebela. I will try
it and see how it tastes.
Bhalali, iSelinea. Good, I shall catch you yet.
Bhalai. Benefit, service, gain, profit,
good.
Bhgilg.i oookoali. I will benefit them.
Bhal bhal. Great, good, rich.
Bhal bhal horko dat rahgaoKkana, ar am do
uni sohgem lagaoKkana? (Better men than
you can't do it).
Bhale bhale. Good, rich, wealthy, great,
respectable.
Bhale bhale hor. Rich men, gentlemen.
Bhale m9.nus. A respectable man, a gentleman,
a courteous humane person.
Bhalki rua. Fever beginning with
violent ague, but of short duration.
Bhalok. Mad, suffering from rabies,
violent, frenzied.
Bhalol^ seta. A mad dog.
Seta doe bhalogoKa. The dog wiU become
mad.
BhalolEenae. He is mad. (said of a violent man.)
Bhalua. A swallow, a sand martin.
Bhalua kapi. A battle axe, so named from its
resemblance to a swallow with outstretched
wings.
Bhalwa. Used by blacksmiths when
punching holes in iron.
The punch passes through the iron into a hole
in the bhalwa.
Bhand. The vessel into which cows
are milked.
CukaK bhan^. A small milking pot.
Bhand. ") To defile, to corrupt, to defile
Bhond. J ceremonially, to break a
holy day.
Bhand. M. "j Adulterer, adultress, those
Bhandin. F. y who marry within the
Bhundin. J prohibited relationships,
licentious.
Bhanda bhandi. A man and woman
coming together without the sanct-
ion of the Santal laws.
Bhanda bhandienakin.
Bhandan. Ceremonies after the last
rites for the dead have been per-
formed.
Nai khonru^j-kateko bhancJanoKa. The Bhan-
dan ceremonies are observed after return-
ing from the Damuda river (where the jah
baha (q. v.) of the deceased has been deposi-
ted).
Bhandan dahri. A cloth passed across
the forehead and tied behind.
Bhandan bhundun. To decimate, play
havoc, diminish.
Bhandan bhnn(Juiiko godena. Death has played
havoG with them.
Netarle bhancjaii bhun(Juiien i9.te bale sendraeda.
Through our being at present greatly di-
minished in number we do not hunt.
Sanam parkom bhandan bhunijun topakena.
Bhandao. To defile, to deflower.
Nui hor do saname bhan^aoet'koa.
Bhandar. A granary, a store.
Bhandar. The anus.
Bhan(.lar algao. Prolapsus ani.
Bhandari. A house steward.
Bhand disom. The portion of the San-
tal pargannas north and east of
the Adjoe river.
Bhandu dare. A large forest tree, so
named.
Bhandur. To become worthless, fruit-
less, to lender ineffective.
ISToa kg-mi bhanfjurena. This work is fruitless.
Lg-ndur bhg-udur dinko khemaoeda. They go
through life lazily (never exerting them-
selves).
TinaK kami bhandurentilia. How much of my
work has been rendered fruitless.
Bhandur. To change clothes, of wo-
men ; clothes of women to become
disarranged so as to be immodest.
Noa kicric bhandur gidikam, bail bes ileioK-
kana. Change this garment it does not
look well.
Bhan. Hemp.
Bhandao. To destroy, to lead astray,
to pervert ; to stray.
Bhanga. To break, tamper with, per-
vert, spoil, mar, undo, to be dis-
contented, to break harmony.
Bahuko bhaugakkantakoa, oetlekatep Karchu-
te laJroko maketkoa. How is it that the
sons' wives are becoming discontented?
They are striking them on their stomachs
with the ladle (don't give them sufficient
food).
Jiwiho hulais bhaiigaentakina.
Bhangabhat
[ 58 ]
Bhara
Bhangabhat. To break, to destroy.
Gadi sanam bhangabhatena. The cart is all
broken to pieces.
Bhanga muri. Half a bigha.
Bhangao. To break, to open up, to
change money, to spend, to tamper
with, pervert, to break up, disperse.
Ehed bhangao. To explain.
Bhir bhaiigaoena. The crowd has dispersed
(the assembly has broken up.)
Gohako bhahgaokeljkotiiia. They tampered
with my witnesses.
Nawa otko bhahgaoa. They will break up new
ground.
Taka poesa bhanganiko. Money changers.
Bhanga puja. ReHgious ceremonies
performed after the tassar silk
worms (Antheraea mylitta) have
all spun their cocoons.
Bhanga suli. "( To become poor, to lose
Bhanga sulia. / wealth and position,
broken in fortune.
Bhanga sulia ato. A decayed village.
Bhangat. To destroy, to be destroyed, or
broken, to become a water course,
generally applied to the ridges
round rice fields when broken or
carried away by a rush of water.
Bhaugafareme. Repair the breaches in the rid-
ges of the rice fields.
Bhangor. To go to ruin, to become de-
solate and forsaken.
Bhantao. To destroy, to lead astray,
to pervert ; to stray, to be broken
in estate.
Mela ren horem bhahtaoetkoa. You are perver-
ting the people of tlie fair.
Bhahtaoenale nes do. We are broken this year
(poor.)
Bhangua. Idle, lazy, slothful.
Bhadka bhakur. Cloth worn thin and
at the point of tearing.
Bhfinkur. The sound emitted by any
thing struck when drawn tight ; a
strhig, &c. drawn tight, knocked
off the straight.
Bhanlabhat. To destroy, to break
down ; dilapidated, in disrepair.
Bhaaj. To enquire into, clear up, to
break.
Katha bail bhailjlekhan orge noa reak bail ca-
laka.
Bharijao. To exercise, as an athlete ;
to be inured to, to spend time, to
cash a cheque, or currency note,&c.
Let bhalijao agiiime. Get the note cashed.
Kami bhalijaoKme. Accustom yourself to work.
Bharij dhiri. A stone with which an
athlete practices.
Bhao. Rate, price.
Thik bhao ar ojonte. Correct rate and weight.
Bhao. To prophesy, to explain, to
divine, to speak as a person posses-
sed with a spirit of divination.
Mase bhaoaleme. Prophesy unto us.
Bhaoar. To exercise, as an athlete ; to
practice, to train, to break in, to
accustom ; expert, skilled, smart.
Dal bhaoar. To beat into shapie.
Nui daiira do bae bhaoarakana. This bullock
is unbroken.
Bhaoar hor kanae. He is an expert.
Bhaondao.l m ,. .l i i ^
Bhaorao. / ^° disappear, to be lost.
G^i okate con bhaonijaoentiila. My cow is lost
somewhere.
Bhaora. Of the male sex, a veiled term.
Ado one bako mena, abo do herel bhaora .
Bhaora, Small round opening in a
wall to admit light, a receptacle
in a wall.
Bhaora bhugaK, or bhuli. A window opening.
Bhaora. A boring instrument I'esem-
bling a brace.
Bhaorao. Cf. bhaondao.
Bhaori. Vertigo, a dizziness to which
cattle are subject.
Bhaoria. One who peddles salt, tobacco,
spices, &c, and carries his wares
in a basket on his head.
Bhaori mala. A kind of necklace.
Bhaosao. To coax, to persuade, to pre-
vail upon by entreaty.
Uniye bhaosao ruarena . She has been persuad-
ed to return.
Bhaotia. A species of antelope.
Bhaowar. Cf. bhaoar.
Bhaph. Steam, vapour.
Bhaphao. To steam, to cook by steam-
ing.
Bhar. Load, weight, charge, responsi-
bility ; difficult.
Bhar do noare paraoakana. The weight rests
on this.
Adi bhabna, bujhau bhargeii atkareda.
Bhara. Rent, fare ; to hire, to rent.
Bhara orak. A hired house.
Eel bbara. Railway fare.
Eharabhat
[ 59 ]
Bhasa bharra
Bharabhat. To destroy, to waste, to
spend, to squander.
Talcae bharabhatkeda. He squandered the
money.
Jemon cet' ho alo bharabhatoK. So that no-
thinfr may be wasted.
Bhara bhuru. Easily powdered, loose,
as earth ; soft, as roasted grain in
the rains.
On(jlenaK hasa bhara bhuru i9.teko dhasao goo-
ena.
Bharan bhurun. To sob.
Bharan bhuruiie raKeda. He is sobbing.
Bharao. To swell, to puff out, to be-
come distended, to be inspired, to
be possessed with a spirit of divi-
nation ; dropsical swelling.
A.iji hor jaiigako bharaoKa. The feet of many
people swell.
Biunokice bharaoSa.
Janko bharaolca.
Jan bharaokedeae.
Bharao. To be frightened, startled.
Bharar. ") Continuously, with-
Bharar bharar. J out hitch, or halt ;
clearly.
Nui hor bharar bharar kaoah?rire gohae gujran-
keda. This man gave his evidence in the
court without a hitch.
Bharat. Ct. bhorat.
Bharar bharar. Cf bhar bhar.
Bharar bharar. Cf bharar.
Bhar bhar. ~) To issue uninterrup-
Bharar bharar. J tedly, to come a-
way continuously, to unwind easily.
UlidaK setelioKkana bharar bharar. Saliva
flows continually.
Sut?im bhar bhar raralikana. The thread reels
off uninterruptedly.
Bhar bhar. 1 Softened, easily pow-
Bhara bhuru. J dered, loose.
But ataere bhara bhuru otejoKa.
Bhar bharao. To revolve, to spin
round, to whirl.
Bharbhari. Two plants go under this
name, Ocimum basilicwm, Linn.
and Ocimum canum, Sims.
Bhar bhur. A crashing noise.
Bhari. To load ; a burden, a load ; heavy,
excessive.
Sagarreko bharia. They load it on a cart.
Hajar bhari bes hasa. A thousand loads of
good soil.
Bhari hormo. Pregnant, enciente.
Bhari. Cf bhori.
Bharia. A stick with slings at either
end, in which any thing to be car-
ried is placed, carried over one
shoulder.
Bh^irig- idieli tahekanae.
Bharjuan. Arrived at maturity.
Bharkhar. In full swing, excessive.
Netar ale sen bharkharko roKhoekana. Plan-
ting is in full swing over our way just now.
Bharna. The name given to the woof
by weavers.
Otor bharna. Warp and weft.
Bharna. To give property in repay-
ment of a debt.
Paiirali bharnakedea, mahajon then. I gave a
buUook in payment of my debt to the.money
lender.
Bharndo. A whirlwind.
Bharo. To be astonished, amazed,
to wonder.
Bharoenali. I am amazed.
Bharor bharor. Cf. bharar bharar.
Bharosa. Hope, expectation.
Bharotborsa. India, Hindusthan.
Bharsa. Hope, exepectation, reliance.
Bhnrsak. Full force, or ability.
Bharta. A method of cooking fish,
mushrooms, and vegetables by
wrapping up in leaves and roasting
in ashes.
Bharti To enlist, to be enrolled ; to
engage, to recruit.
Iskulre bh9.rtikom. Enrol them as scholars.
Bharti hormo. Pregnant.
Bharua. Large caterpillars, principally
those oi Attacus atlas, and Atta-
ciis Selene; an insignificant person.
Bharua kanae, cet ho bael badaea. He is a
caterpillar and knows nothing.
Bharur. \To untwist, to open out again
Bharur. J as twine, to recover flesh and
strength after an illness.
Baber bharurena. The twine has untwisted.
Bhas. Knowledge, ability.
NuiaK lur bhas b?.nulctaea. He has no know-
ledge.
Bhasa. Language, speech.
Eaj bhasa. The imperial language, English.
Bhasa. A variety of the rice plant.
Bhasa bharra. At random, though-
lessly, to rave as an insane persont.
Bhasa bharrae roreda. H speaks at random.
Bhasam
[ 60 ]
Bhejer bhejer
Bhasam. To reduce to ashes by fire.
Sanam sengelte bliasamena. It is all reduced
to ashes.
Bhasan. To launch, to set afloat, to
throw into water.
Bhasankoako dibiko. They throw the idols
into water.
Bhasao. To be carried away by water,
or a flood.
Ona munijhat do bhasao oalaoena. The log
has been carried away by a flood.
Bhas bhus. Suddenly, unexpectedly ;
excitedly ; in all directions, one
this way and another that.
Bliasi. Nature, custom, habit, dispos-
ition.
.Tonom bhasite. By nature, naturally.
Bh9.sige oukautaea. His nature is such.
Bhaskao. "1 To burst out, to burst open,
Bhoskao. J to burst and the contents
to scatter, to collapse.
Bhat. A religious beggar, Hindu or
Mohammedan ; to beg.
BhafoKiii dukana. I went a begging.
Bhata. A furnace, a kiln.
Bhatau bliutua. Naked, scantily clad.
Bhatao. To fill up, to level up.
Noa gada bhataome. Fill up this pit.
Bhatau. To go about, to go here and
there, as a dog in heat.
Bhatha. A kiln, a furnace.
It* bhatha. A brick kiln.
Bhathi. A still, a boiler, a cojjper.
Paura bhathi. A liquor still.
Dhobi bhathi. A washerman's boiler.
Jhuli bhathi. A trench in the ground used as
a fireplace when cooking has to be done for
a large number of people.
Bhati. The kernel of certain fruits
when half ripe.
Bhati. A veiled name for paura. (q. v.)
Bhatic. "j Of course, to be sure, now
Bhatkec. [• that I remember, how stu-
Bhatkoc.J pid of me.
Bhatic am horn metadiA tahekangea. Of course,
you did tell me.
Durhalf I bhatio ill idiletige. Dear mo ! of course,
I did take it.
He ; bh9.tke6 uniye metadiA tahekana. Yes ;
of course, he did tell me.
Bh9'tke6 ill hoii tahekangea. Of course, I was
also there.
Unrege bhatke'^em rorlekhan jutkeail honaii.
Had you spoken then, of course, I should
have put it right.
Ho bbatkoc ifi ilelletme tahekangea. Tes ;
of course, I did see you.
Bhatija. Nephew.
Bhatkec. Cf. bhatic.
Bhatkoc. Cf. bhatic.
Bhatkura. Fat, corpulent, said of men.
Bhatok. Cf. bhat.
Bhator sukri. A huge wild boar with
large tusks.
Bhatua arak. A wild pot herb, Cheno-
podiuon album, Moq.
Bhautic. A leaf cup, a cup made of
leaves pinned together.
Bhear. To test by comparison, to exam-
ine.
Pailale bheara tinaK sahopa. We will test the
measure to see how much it holds.
Bhebhao. To bleat, as a goat or sheep.
Bhg bhg. To bleat, as a sheep.
Bhed. Interpretation, meaning, occu-
pation.
Bhed alom bhahgaoaea. Do not tell the inter-
pretation to him.
Kami bhedre bare tahenme. Keep up at your
work.
Bhecla. A ram.
Bheda dereri. "Ram's horn," a common
annual. Cassia Tora, Linn., the
leaves of which are eaten as a pot
herb.
Bhecla hako. A species of fish.
Bhede bhed. Accurately, in detail.
Bhede bhed kuliem. Question him in detail.
Bheder bheder. To talk at random,
to chatter, to prate.
Cedakem bheder bhederoKkana P "Why are you
chattering ?
Bhedwa. A wild plant. Hibiscus
cancellatus, Roscoe., var. fiisi-
forinis, Willd.
Bheja. To send.
, Bhejakedi^ae. He sent me.
Bheja. Additional assessment on rent.
Eaj bheja. Tribute.
Bhejao. To send.
Bhejao go€kakome. Send them to me.
Bhejer bhejer. To prattle, to prate, to
jabber, to chatter.
Bhejer bhejerko galmaraokana. They are chat-
tering.
Bheli
[ 61 ]
Bhidi j:uiatoti
BheU. To cut off the head of a goat,
used by children or when address-
ing children ; the cry of a goat
whose neck has not been severed
at the first blow.
BlioU bheljko maKkedea. Thoy did not cut
off the head at one blow.
Bhek bhek. To talk idly, to gabble,
to persist in speaking after being
told to be quiet.
Bhek bhek. To bleat, as a goat when
hurt.
Bhek bhekao. To speak much and
loudly, to continue speaking loud-
ly-
Bhekbhok. "ISaid of a drunken man
Bhak bhok / who has lost control of
his mental and bodily faculties.
Bhekua. The petiole of a leaf.
Bhelaundi. Goat's droppings.
Bhelguda. A game.
Bhelwa tap tup. "| A game played by
Bhelwa tup tup, J children.
Bhembha. M. \ Foolish, stupid, igno-
Ehembhi. F. ) rant.
Bhen bhen. "i To whirl whizzing
Bhen bhenao. J round, to spin round
with a noise, to be attacked by a fit.
P?thri bhen bhenaokedeako, nuihor.
Bherijan. To mix, to adulterate, to
mingle.
Harhaf sisir bhelljanakan dak rasa. Wine
mingled with gall.
Sunum dherko bheiljana. Oil is oftenest adul-
terated.
Bhenta. A word, or phrase with a
double hidden meaning.
Bheona. A vision, an apparition.
Nel bheonaenad. I saw an apparition.
Bhgt. A visit paid by women to a
house where a member of the
family has died ; a visit of condol-
ence, an interview, a meeting.
Bhetra. Mourning, lamentation.
Bherbher. To whirl round, to revolve,
to rotate.
Kuhbal oak bherbher acuroKa. The potter's
wheel goes whirling round.
Enaii khon bher bhere sioKkana, baskeaK ho
bape idiaekana. He has been ploughing
round and round since morning and you are
not even taking him his breakfast.
Bherbherao. To whirl, to revolve.
Met' bherbherao acuroK lokalS ?.ik?.ueda. I feel
dizzy.
Bhgrcak. \To flinch, to shy. Scottice,
Bhgrcok. j to jouk
Kulai bheroaK rug.renae. The hare doubled.
Bherot. Stiff necked, stubborn, fro-
ward, self-willed.
Bhernda. A common hedge plant
Jatropha curcus, Linn.
Bhertan. To whirl round, to turn
sharp round.
Bherwan. To turn round, as a shuttle-
cock in falling ; to wheel round.
Bhes. Form, appearance.
Diku lekae bhesena. Disguised himself as a
Hindu.
Bill bheste heolenae. He came in the form of
a serpent.
Bhes sap. To assume a form.
Bhesa bhisi. To mimic each other, one
to do what the other does.
Bhesao. To mock, to mimic, to follow
suit.
BheKsao enc'j, A dance in which the dancers
mimic certain phases of Santal village life,
as the bride going to her new home, &c.,
peculiarities in gait &c. of village celebri-
ties, &-0., &c.
Bhetro. Blunted, accustomed to, famili-
arized with.
Bhage sombat artjom bhefroenae. He is gospel
^ hardened.
Nel bhetroakan hor. A man accustomed to the
sight (of blood, &c.)
Bhetuak. An ornamental band for
the hair.
Bhidata. The Hindu deity Brahma,
providence.
Bhidi. A sheep, a ewe.
Bhidi hopon. A lamb.
Bhidi. To keep secret, to keep one's
own counsel, to spy, to pry into,
to reconnoitre, to search for a clue,
to act secretly.
Bhidikate jahanaKe hataoa. He will buy some-
thing to enable him to spy.
Bhidia. A spy.
Bhidi achim. A common cold weather
plant, Centijida orbicularis, Lour.
Bhidi janatet. Two plants are known
by this name : —
Mota bhi^i janatet. JJrena sinuata, lAnn.
' Nanha bhi^i janatet'. Triumfetta rhomboidea,
Jac.
Bhiduk
[ 62 ]
Bhitai
Bhiduk. A spy, a pretender.
Bhidukkateye heoena. He came as a spy.
Bhijau. To steep, to saturate, to soak
in, to impress, to operate, to affect.
Otre mayam bhi^g-uena. The blood soaked into
the ground.
Botor bfiiiauatikoa. Pear took hold of them.
Bhikhari. A beggar.
Bhilki. To be startled, afraid.
Nel bhilkienari. The sight frightened me.
Bhili. The distance between two fur-
rows, about a cubit, in which
sugarcane, and root crops are
planted.
Bhili gur. A large lump of raw sugar.
Bhim. A cor. of beam.
Bhina.
Bhina bhini
I To separate, to disagree,
V . .
j to divide.
Bhind. A bale, a faggot, a mass, a lump
of anything.
Bhinda. A lump, applied specially to
the mass of iron taken from the
smelting furnace.
Bhindar. To fall down, to knock down,
to collapse.
Bhindia. A faggot, a bundle of any-
thing.
Bhindia. The finishing thatch put on
the ridge of a roof
Bhindran. To fall to the ground, to
knock down.
Bhingau. To separate, to be separa-
ted, to be scattered.
pj, ? . ° • ■ [-To break up, to cancel.
OntenaK katha bhiiigorena. The negotiations
over there have come to an end.
Bhihgora. A deceiver.
Bhingrau. To pervert, to lead astray,
to cause to err, cause to break up,
as an assembly.
Bhir. A crowd, an assembly.
Bhirrege menaAa. I am engaged along with
others.
Bhir bhaiigaoenako. The assembly has dis-
persed.
Bhir. To be busy, fully occupied, with-
out leisure.
4-dili bhirakana, ohoA alijomletama. I am very
busy and so cannot listen to you.
Bhirau. To go close to, to press close,
to put close to.
Paiirabako bhir?iu dareakkana. The bullocks
cannot go close to edge.
Lutire auriil bhiraua. I hare not yet put any
thing to my lips, i. e. have not broken my
fast.
Bhirik. Loathsome, disgusting.
A(Ji bhirik aik?.uKkana. Sensible of a loath-
some feeling.
Bhirikge lieloKkana. It is disgusting.
Bhirka bhirkhi. To be scared or ter-
rified.
Bhirka enec. A children's game.
Bhirkai bhirkai. A game played by
children.
Bhirkau. To be frightened, scared.
Bhirobhoro. To crack, to burst, to
open ; under-baked, as an earthen
vessel.
Bhirsaha. Suffering from indigestion,
to suffer from indigestion from
over eating.
Nui hor jomte bhirsahaakanae.
Bhirsau. To suffer from indigestion
from over eating.
Jom bhirsauakanae.
Bhiso bhoso. Slack, carelessly tied or
bound.
Okoe bhiso bhosoko bandiakalia? Who has
bound up the b?indi (q. v.) so loosely ?
Bhisor. A mistake, an error, a fault, an
omission of duty.
Bhul bhisorte baA heclena. I did not come
owing to a mistake.
Bhit. A wall, to build a wall.
Nonde bhitkam. Erect a wall here.
Bhitha. An outlying piece of culti-
vated high land.
Bhitar. The inner apartment of a
Santal house.
OraE bhitarteye bolo baeakana. He is hiding
in the inner apartment.
Bhitar bahar hor. Relatives (who have access
to the inner apartment) and acquaintances
(who have not.)
Bhitar. ") Inside, within, in doors, to be
Bhitri. J inside, to put inside, to
include.
Bhitri mone bor kanae. He is a reserved man.
Maran bhitar gaijig. hor kanae. He is a very
reserved person.
Noa do bhitriKa. This will be included.
Bhitar bahar hor. A person whose duties in-
clude work within, and without doors.
Bhitara
[ 63 ]
Bliondra
Bhitara. To separate the threads of
the warp when they iidhere to-
gether on the peg while being
stretched.
Bhitkur. Fat, corpulent, applied to
females.
Bhekua.' } '^^'^ P^*i°l^ "^^ * ^^''^f-
BhobhS. The sound of a trumpet or
like instrument, to trumpet.
Bhobhoe raKeda.
Bhocbhoc. To chatter, to prate, to jab-
ber ; talkative, loquacious.
Bhocbhocao. To chatter, to prate,
to speak at random.
Bhocbhocao. Liberally, plentifully.
Bhoobhocaoe ema^lea. He gave us a large
quantity.
Bhoco. Stupid, foolish, ignorant.
Bhoco mara hor. A consummate fool.
Bhocor bhocor. To gabble, to prate, to
talk nonsense, like a person drunk.
Bh5da. Fat, corpulent, unwieldy, large ;
thickheaded, dull witted.
Bhoija k9,hu. The Bow Billed oorby, Corrus
Levaillantii, Less.
Blioda rairu. A large paroquet.
Bhoda kisni. The large starling, Gracula reli-
giosa.
Bhodor. To fall into disrepair, to be
abandoned, to be pulled down, to
to be refuted, to be unsubstan-
tiated, to be rejected.
Ona oraK bhodorena. That house is abandoned.
Uni do rajkoe bhodoref koa, ar etakkoe rajet'koa.
He deposes kings and raises others to thrones.
Bhodor bhodor. Without meaning,
continuously, without intermission.
Arisge bhodor bhodore rore€kana. He annoys
by continually speaking.
Bhodran. Worthy, virtuous, respec-
table.
Bhodran hor. A worthy, respectable man.
Ehodranko. Worthy, respectable men.
Bhodro. Respectable, worthy.
Bhoe. Fear.
Bhoe bnjhauKkana. To be afraid.
Bhoelo.M. "I Slightly clothed, scantily
Bhuili. F. / clad ; a girl not yet wear-
ing clothes.
Bhoelo. Loosely, loosely twisted.
Baber bhoeloakana. The twine is loosely
twisted.
Bhog. The centre;, the middle.
Bhogteta-e ubpe. Empty it in the centre.
Bhog. To enjoy, to feel pleasure, to
bear, to suffer, to endure.
Nui hor do (Jher dine suk bhogkeda. This man
has enjoyed life for many years.
Bhoga kaskom. Gossypium neglect-
uvi, Tod., a cotton plant exten-
sively cultivated.
Bhogao. To be corpulent, fat, un-
wieldy.
Bhogaoenae. He has become corpulent.
Bhogdo. Fat, rich.
Bhogjii-a. A medicinal root sold in the
bazars.
Bhogot. A vegetarian, a man who as-
pires to sanctity after Hindu ideas,
and denies himself flesh and fish.
Bhoj. A feast, to give a feast.
Bara dinreko bhojkeda . They had a feast on
Christmas day.
Bhojokoto. Troublesome, difBcult.
Bhojokcto barigire seteroUkana. He reached
with the utmost difficulty.
Bhojpuria. Gluttonous, gi-eedy, one
who eats much at a feast, (bhoj) ;
belonging to Bhoj pur.
Bholi. To bark, as a dog.
Cele Aelteye bhoKkeda? What does be see to
bark at ?
Bhok bhok. To gurgle.
Bhokbhokao. To gurgle.
Bhokrao. To low, to bellow.
Bhokrao Jgukedae, mihu niharte.
Bhokta. ) The deity in whose
Bhokta bonga. J honour the pata, or
hook swinging festival is observed.
Bhokto. Cf bhogot.
Bh5nda. To pollute ceremonially, to
cause to be ceremonially unclean,
to violate ; unclean, polluted, defil-
ed.
Bhond, Cf bhoda.
Bhondol. To labour heavily, as in
running.
Bhondol bhondole dare^kana.
Bhondor. Cf. bondor.
Bhondra. To wear away and become
wide, as a bush on which an axle
works.
Bhoti
[ U4 ]
Bhot bali
Bhon. To explain, to decipher, to in-
terpret, to give the gist of.
Bhed bhohalime. Interpret the meaning to me.
Bhohgar. To be torn, as flesh by a
thorn, a deep scratch or cut, to
have the skin rubbed off.
Bhondor.l To scratch, to knock, or rub
Bhender. j off the skin, to graze, to
slightly wound.
Naaenalfem bhondorkedea. Ton just knocked
o£f a little akin.
Bajao bhonijorenaii. I have had a little skin
rnbbed off by coming against something.
Bhor. In comp. full, all, whole, up to,
as much as, a far as.
or. J
". _ w:
:aK bh
' I Blessing.
Din bhor. All day.
Dare bhor. Whole strength.
Jiwet bhor. "1
Jonom bhor. )■ Whole Ufe time.
Tniidaii bhor.
Tahen bhor. Whole time of residence.
Tahen dareaK bhor. As long as he could remain.
Bhor.
Bor.
Bljor saote bidalem. Diaroiss us with a blessing.
Am do borem, emale nabi tbo.
BhS:} To fill in, to put in.
Kjdreko bhoraokedea. They put him in jail.
Bhoraf^kedae. He filled it up.
Bhori.l One tola, or the weight of one
Bhari.j sicca rupee.
Bhorkond. A large forest tree, Hy-
menodictyon excelsum, Wall.
The bark yields a useful febrifuge.
Bh<jrma. ") Secretly, without dis-
Bhorma bhormi J play, privily.
Bhorma bhormate )_ Secretly, quietly,
Bhorme bhormete. J without any de-
monstration, delicately, privily.
Bhorme bhormete emkatiiime. Give it to me pri-
vately.
Bhorme bhormete bagiye Igigite moneana. He
was minded to put her privily away.
Bhorma bhormi. Cf bhorma.
Bhorna. Cf bharna.
Bhornga. | a small forest bird. Cf.
Burorin. h ,
T, , ■ - _ boronn.
Boula cere. J
Bhorok. Apprehensive of danger,
toTor, fear.
Bhorok heoadifiteii oalao gotena.
Nel bborokenali.
Bhorom. Shame, the parts of the
body which modesty requires to
be concealed.
Bhorom bhangaoentiria. I was put to shame.
Ar one bhoromko dapal hatarkae kicrie or ocog-
taea, ar ona bodol matkom.<Jhaur9.Kte bhoro-
me dapalkadege.
Ehgam apum reaK bhorom bam dobolaKa.
You did not mantain the honour of your
parents.
Bhorosa.\ Hope, dependence, expecta-
Bhorsa. j cion, confidence, trust, faith.
Thenga sapkaKkhan bhorsa buihauKa. You
feel confidence when you grasp a black
thorn.
CaKem bhorsa idialikana ? Why do you continue
to cause me to hope ?
Noa thenga do bh?.i bhorosa kantilia.
Bud bhorsa. Encouragement, confidence.
Bhorsak. \ With all one's strength, or
Bharsak. J ability.
Bhos bhos. ) Thriftlessly, recklessly,
los. ■)
i5s. J
Bh6s bh5s. / thoughtlessly.
Bhos bhos bandiko bogoja. They recklessly
open their bandi (q. v.), i. e. use up their
store of grain.
Bhosa. To pierce through, to stab.
Aetegeye bhosa goeena. He stabbed himself
to death.
Bhosam.
Pota.
The first stomach.
Bhoskao. ) To open, to rip up, to make
Bhaskao. J a hole in, to burst, to
collapse.
Bhosko potam. A species of wild pi-
geon. Cf potam.
Bhosndo. Slovenly, dirty, slatternly.
Bhoso. Dusty, dirty, no idea of clean-
liness, dusty, as a miller.
Bhosor. A fault, a mistake, an omis-
sion of duty, an error.
Bhosto.\To destroy, reject, to be ruin-
Bosto. j ed or destroyed; to defile,
to profane.
Bhot. Rejected, thrown overboard,
destroyed, disproved.
Judi iliaK katham bhot dareatiii khan.
Bhota. To besmear oneself with ashes
as some Hindu ascetics do ; dusty,
as children playing among ashes.
Bhot bali. Iron stone, nodules of iron
ore.
Bhot bhot
[ 05 ]
Dhumbuk
Bhot bhot. 1 T, , ^ .
Bhad bhad. j^'^"^™g ^°™^-
Bhot bhot saijebana, arel do ootre. Tho hail
patters on the roof.
Bhotko. ") To blunt, to lose its odgo, as
Bhotro. J a knife ; to lose appetite,
to be wearied.
Bhoto. Stupidly ignorant, dunder-
head.
Bhotok. Eeady to exjiand, as a flower
bud or a mushroom.
Ona <J?irro do bhotoKkate bahaena.
Bhotro. Cf. bhotko.
BhoYon. Fear, frightful, fearful, dread-
"ful.
Adi bhoyone lieloKkana. He looks frightful.
4di bhoyonid afkareda. I am very much afraid.
Bhua. Idle, false.
Noa katha bhu9«ntama. Your story is falsified.
Bhubhau.lTo spill, to splash, or spill
Bubhau. J over the side of a vessel,
as water.
Koa toa bhubhau hiricena .
Bhubhuk. Cf. bhuk.
Bhuc. 1 Stupid, ignorant, foolish ; stu-
Bhucun.J pidity, ignorance ; an igno-
ramus, a fool.
Maraii bhuc kanae. He is a great ignoramus.
Bhuote kat dhiriko doboKaUkana. They bow-
down to idols through ignorance.
Bhucampa. An earthquake.
Bhucar. ") a u ^ u
Bhucer.j^^'^*^^^^-
Bhuc bhuci. Pride, obduracy, contum-
acy, dogged resolution, headstrong-
desire.
CalaS reaK bhuc bhuoiii maraotama.
Bhucer. ) m t
-n, , ■ >- io excess, over much.
Nu bhuoerakanae. He has drunk to excess.
Bhucun. Ignorant, stupid, loafing
about.
Di y ■ ' f -A. hole, an opening, a cave.
Bhaora bhugaK. A -window opening, an open-
ing to admit light.
Bhuger. Plump, fat, large.
Gidra toa riuliute bhugerakanae. The child has
grown plump through drinking milk.
Lum^mko bhugerakana. Said of tassar silk
worms when -they have passed their fourth
moult, and grow rapidly.
Bhugol. Geography.
Bhui cal. An sarthquake, a tremor in
tho earth.
Bhuicampa. A kind of fire works.
Bhuidol. 1
Bhucampa. >An earthquake.
Ot laraok. |
Bhuila. Having body of one breadtli
from head to fei't, without a dora,
(q. V.)
Bhuili. Cf bhoelo.
Bhuiphor. ' A chasm, a large rent in
the earth's surface.
Bhujali. A large stabbing knife.
Bhuk. Cf. bhugak.
Bhuk duk. Distress, sorrow, affliction.
Bhuku. A species of termite, the white
ant that rears the ant hills so
common in the Santal country.
Bhukur bhukur. To bubble up, as
water in a spring.
Bhukur bhukur. Cf bhak.
Bhul. "j To make a mistake, to
Bhul cuk. j- forget, to over look any-
Bhul bhisor.j thing, to neglect, to
commit a fault.
Adi bhulre menakkoa. They are greatly mis-
taken.
Bbuliri sapket'taea. I saw the mistake be made.
Bhul ouk ikakatilime.
Bhulania. DecejDtive, misleading, false.
Bhulau. To deceive, to cozen.
Bhulaukateko koeketkoa.
Bhulauni. DecejDtive, causing error,
misleading, erroneous.
Bhul cuk. Cf. bhul.
Bhulkau. To gush out, to flow out, to
rise up, to spring, as water.
Dak otkhon bhulkau todoKkana . Water rises
up from the earth.
Dali do adi at bhulkau rakapkan tahekana.
The water was rising rapidly,
Bhumbri. Small pimples.
Balbal bhumbri. The rash of prickly heat.
Bhumbuk. To issue, as water in a
fountain ; to bubble up, as watei-.
DaK bhumbukoKkana. Water springs up.
Jaejug jiwei; dhabid bhumbukok dak reah mit;
tec jharna. A well of water springing up
unto eternal life.
Bhumcampa
[ 66 ]
Bhutia
Bhumcampa. An earthquake.
Bhumi. Land.
Bhuricampa. A sj)inning top.
Bhunda. Fat, large, corpulent.
Bhunda jel. The flesh lying along
both sides of the back bone.
Bhundi kolma. A variety of the rice
plant.
Bhundin. A lazy, good for nothing, fat
young woman.
Bhungar. A piece, a piece^ cut off.
Mif bhuhgg-r kat ema^me. Give me a piece of
wood.
Bhungrau. To cut through, as a piece
of wood with an axe.
Bhurijau. To live, to spend time, to
suffer, endure, enjoy.
Pher dinbin bhuAiauaka^a. iThey have lived a
long time.
Nukin bahu jawae tirejngekin bhulijaua, sekin
bapagoka p Will this bride and bridegroom
live always together, or will they separate P
Amda saset otreii bhuiijanetkan do.
Bhurak. To fill in, to dip a vessel in
water to fill it.
Bhurak odokkedako.
Kandage bail bhuragoKkan.
Bhurbhurau. ") To bubble ; to rise, as
Bhurbhurau. / bubbles to the surface
of water.
Bhurbhuri. To rain sparks, as from
certain kinds of fire works, or when
a blacksmith draws red hot iron
from the fire.
Bhuri. To take off clothes that are fas-
tened round the waist, said of wo-
men ; to untwist, to uncoil.
Bhurka. Venus, as the morning star,
Sukar. Venus as the evening star.
Bhurkak. To raise up earth, as earth-
worms or beetles do.
Otko bhurkaga, lended do.
Bhurni. Socket in which a native door
(siljjin, q. v.) works in opening and
shutting.
Bhurni khunti. Post on which door swings.
Bhurti. To fill up, to be satisfied.
Bhurti. Whole.
Bhurti gada dalf calaKkana, The whole river
is filled with water.
Bhiiriic. ") To strip off clothes from
Bhuru6. J the waist, to divest one-
self of clothes fastened from the
waist, said of men.
Pgihil palii t ^.uriye bhiiriid gidi khongeko or
bhiiriijea. Before he divests himself of the
first' garment, they try to pull it off him.
Bhus. The bandicoot rat, Mus Mala-
baricus, Shaw, Mus giganteus,
Lin.
Bhusun } Suddenly, unexpectedly.
Bhus marte of^okenae. He darted out,
Bhusuh marte tarupe toi goflena, gajar khon.
The leopard rushed out of the thicket.
Bhusa. Chaff.
Bhuska. A species of termite, or white-
ant.
Bhuska. M. ) Greedy, always thinking
Bhuski. F. J of his or her belly.
Bhusku. To stir up, to disturb, to shake
up, as grain on a threshing floor.
Bhuskulekhanem gegergeae. If you disturb it
it will bite.
Bhusndi. A small fly ;. applied to girls
when scolding, or finding fault.
Bhusri. Applied to girls when scolding.
Cf bhusndi.
Nui bhSsri do nondege aour baraekanae, kami-
te bae calaka.
Bae daka hoda nui bhusri do.
Bhusun. C£ bhus.
Bhut. A demon, a ghost, a goblin.
Bhut oapario. One possessed.
Bhutaha. Haunted, occupied by, or
the residence of, a bhut. (q. v.)
Noa do bhutaha dare kana, alope maga. This
tree is the residence of a bhut, do not cut
it down.
Bhutau. To be angry, beside onself,
with anger.
Bhutel. Fat, corpulent.
Bhu^elakanae. He has become fat.
Bhutel. 1 T ., T ,
Bh ter ( ^^"^^ '='' demon, demoniac.
Nu bhutelakanae, sen ocoaepe.
Bhutela. Cf bhutaha.
Bhutela. Rich, wealthy.
A.^i bhutela hor kanae. He is a very rich man.
Bhuter. To excess, over much.
Bhutia. Fat, big bellied.
Bhutka
i 67 ]
Bidia
Bhutka. \Small of stature, stunted,
Bhutki. J dwarfish.
Bhutra. Dumpj'.
Bhutua bhutuu. Empty-handed, naked.
T>-'i> j-To be satisfied, to be satiated.
Bae bilena. He was not satisfied.
Jombi enae. He is satisfied.
Jom bi ocokedea A. I gave him sufficient to eat.
Inalite do bae bilfa. That will not be sufficient
for him.
Bian. 1 Birth, act of parturition, to
Bihar J be delivered of young, of
brute animals only ; productive.
Tin^K bi9.n gai kanae ? How many times has the
cow calved ?
Bar bihar gai. A cow that has calved twice.
Horo bail bigmlena, nes. The rice was not
productive this year.
Bibad. Enmity, ill will, dispute ; to
wrangle, to quarrel, to litigate,
to dispute.
Nukin dokin bibadgea. These two are at vari-
ance with each other.
Bibhorom. To disgrace, to outrage
one's modesty.
Bibi. Anything living that frightens
or hurts, said to and by children
only.
Onte alom calaKa bibi menaea.
Bibi era. A Mem saheb.
Bicar. To judge, to consider, to reflect,
to comtemplate, to deliberate, to
ponder, to devote the mind, thoug
hts, or attention to.
BiKc?.rid. A judge.
Bic^irkatalem. Judge between na.
Bichia. A ring worn on the second
toe by women.
Attached to the ring is a small hollow ball of
bell metal with two or three small pieces of
the same metal inside, which rattle as the
wearer walks.
Bichnau. To recognize, to distinguish,
to discern.
Bichnau bichnauteli lielkeda.
Jemon boge bariciii bichn?ia dareaK. So that
I may distinguish good and evil.
Bichri. Bird-limed twigs.
Bichri. To split, to separate, split
into pieces, like straws.
JonoK lagi^ ma£ko bichrieda. They split bam-
boos to make brooms.
Bickau. To sprain.
Bickom. Rather, but, but rather.
Marsal Ichon bickom riutko dul^rkeda. Loved
darkness rather than light.
Biclau. To sprain, as an ankle.
Jaiigae bicl^uakana. His foot is sprained.
Bida. To give one permission t(j de-
part, to dismiss, to say, or bid
adieu, to bid fiirewell.
Bhor saote bidalem. Dismiss us with a
blessing.
Bidal. Generation, time.
Pilatus bid^lrenko. The contemporaries of
Pilate.
Noako jotoge noa bidgilren horkore paraoKa.
All these things shall come upon this gen-
eration.
Bidaraha. "I Wandered, strayed, lost, as
Bidraha. J a sheep from the flock.
Bidraha gg-i kanae. She is a strayed cow.
Bidas. 'I Foreign, belonging to another
Bides. J country, or district.
Bidau. To test, to tempt, to examine,
to prove.
Onko bilt{J?uifi calaRkana. I go to prove them.
Soetan then biqlauK l^gii. To be tempted of
the devil.
Bides. Cf bidas.
Bidesia. Foreign, belonging to another
country, or district, a foreigner.
Bidgoe bodgoe. Fat, corpulent, un-
wieldy, applied to women.
■R^dli^ [Custom, usage, manner, mode.
Bidhanta. A large forest climbing
plant, common on the Rajmahal
hills, Entada scandens, Benth.
Bidhanta.
Bidhon.
UniaJf bidhanta oe{ lekatae coii.
Bidhaura. To delay, to hinder, to im-
pede, to put an obstacle in the
way.
Alom bidhauraiia. Do not hinder me. _
Nui gidr?. i9.tebaii k9.mi dareattkana, biijhaurg.-
enad. I can get no work done on account
of this child, I am hindered.
Bidhua. \Born out of wedlock, abas-
Bidhwa.J tard.
Nui gidr?' bidhu9.tem janamkedea. You gave
birth to this child out of wedlock.
To turn a somersault.
Fate.
Bidia.
life} '^-»>'«"5«-
Bidia
[ 68 ]
Bikau
Bidia. \Hindrance, adverse influ-
Bed bidiaj ence of a supernatural order.
Bidic bidic. To ferment, to rise in
bubbles, as anything fermenting,
to keep moving, as a mass of mag-
gots. Scottice, hotching.
Tejo betag.ricko bi(Jie bi<Jijol£kaiia.
Bidic bidic. Without stint, more than
Sufficient.
Bi^lio bidiae jomoda. He eats without stint.
lA ia.te bidic bi^icem jomeda ?
Bidir bidir. Well cooked rice, each
grain intact, not boiled into a pulp.
Bidlai. To be scattered in all direc-
tions, all at once, without inter-
vening interval.
Bidlgii marteko barlsao got'ena. They all hat-
ched at one time.
Gele bidlaiena. Burst into ear at the same time.
Onte note up do bidlai bidlaioKkantakoa. Their
hair is all flying loose.
Bidnalc. Instantaneously, all at once,
with a jerk.
BidnaK menteye teiigo goiena. He came to a
stand still all at once.
Bidot. To cause suffering or shame,
to suiifer, suffering.
Alan dolah bidotena, bill i?.te. We suffer
through the serpent.
Bidra bidri. ") Not to come together as
Bidrau. / husband and wife, the
husband not to bring home his
wife.
Bidraaakatjmeae, amaK o9.1i gunte. He has left
yon at your father's house on account of
your conduct.
Bidra bidri. Streaming gaily along.
Bit^lra bidri i^eJ^el tan(^ilco calaUkana.
They stream gaiyly along on their way to the fair
Bidrau. To be frightened, to be start-
led, scared.
Cele lielte con gaiko bidranenaP What has.
frightened the cows?
Campa gar khon Madho Siile bi<Jrauketbona.
Madho Sing soared ua away from fort Champa.
Bidya. Knowledge, learning.
Bigaboge. Fat, plump.
Bigha. A measure of land, which var-
ies from :| to "I of an acre.
Bighin. Sickness.
Hog bighin. Disease and sickness.
Bigobngo. Fat and unwieldy, corpulent,
lazy, because fat.
Mm bigobogoe kamidarcaka? Can this 'fatty'
work P
Bigra bigri. \ To cause misunderstand-
Bigrau. J ing between friends, to
set friends at variance, to lead
astray, to pervert.
Blpla biha.}^-™g^-
Bihar. C£ bian.
Bihet bihet. Used by herdsmen to call
their cattle.
Bihri. ") To appoi'tion to each his share
Biuri. J in a sum ot money to be
raised conjointly.
Tin tiritkateko bihri joiia ? How much will they
apportion to each ?
Bihrikateko ufhaua. They apportion to each
his share, and then collect the money.
Bihri bata. \Over and above the am-
Biuri bata. J ount settled to be paid
by each. C£ bihri
Bihur. To revolve, come round again,
as the seasons. Cf acur bihur.
Des con bihuren ja gosae gutruf dos saheda.
Bijau. 1 To be steeped, to be saturat-
Bhijaii. J ed, to be drunk in ; to
strongly impress one, to recognize
the force of an argument, to be
assimilated.
Jomak hormore bah biig.ukkantaea. He does
not assimilate hie food.
Noa katha bijauadiiia. I feel the force of this
argument.
Bijhauk. To travail in birth.
Bijir bijir. To be separated into very
small particles, to fly as sparks from
an anvil, to scatter, as rain drop.s
falling on a hard surface ; to
separate mto small globules, as
mercury ; very fine, as spray.
Bijir bijir pasii'oKkana. It is scattering in spray.
Bijli. Lightning, wildfire.
BiM mente bijlikedae. The lightning flashed
vividly.
Bijo bojo. 1 Slovenly, carelessly, scan-
Bijoc bojoc. J tily.
Bijoo bojode dhutiakana. He wears his dhuti
in a slovenly manner.
Bikau. To be named, to be called, to
be current.
As chut9.u liutumteye bikaultkana. Ho goes by
the name of "Despond."
Bikau. To be sold, or disposed of for
a price.
Tinakte bik^uKa p For how much will it be
sold.?
Bikhar
[ 69 ]
Biiul
Bikhar. To be angry, to be at enmi-
ty, not to be on speaking terms,
to be scattered.
Ale dole bikhg.rakana, uni soiige bale ror jon-
kaua.
Bikir bikir. ") A wriggling mass, as mag-
:}■
Bikitbikit. / gots. ScottmtL\ hatching.
Bikit' bikitiko tejokedea, are gooena.
Bikla bikli. ")^ To be disturbed, to be
Biklau. j uneasy, to be agitated,
to be restless.
OraKte oalaK l^git' bitl» blkli baraekanae. He
is impatient to go home.
Bikol. 1 To be restless, uneasy, troub-
Bikoli. j led, uneasy, disturbed, grieved.
Mon bikolika. The mind will be troubled.
Bikol bokol. "1 Unfit for use, as water ;
Bokol bokol. J watery and therefore
unpalatable, as utu (q. v.)
Bikor bokor. To be pulled out, as a
coiled up rope ; to run out, as an
anchor chain.
Bil. A bill, an account.
GurukoaK tolope bila. He draws up a bill for
the teachers' salaries.
Bilan. A wide expanse, a plain.
Biland. ^ . ■ i i •
-p-1 ■ , ■ > A wide expanse, a plam.
Biland t*n(Ji. An extensive plain.
BiJat dak. A wide expanse of water.
Bilat. To advance money or grain
on the security of cidp.s, to lend
on interest.
HoroA .bilatakada gota t^-ni?!. I have advan-
ced money on the dhan all round.
Bilat. England.
Bilati. English, belonging to England,
foreign.
Bilbilau. ") To be seized with panic, to
Chilbilau. J be in terror, to be frighten-
ed, to be .startled ; to be excited
through fear or joy.
Horkoko bilbilau cabaena. The people are
panic stricken.
Bilbilau. \Soft, as a ripe fruit ; spongy,
Liblibau,/ as wet soil.
Ot liblibauena dakte. The soil is spongy owing
to the rain.
Bilhau. On all sides, round about.
Bilhau. To hand round, distribute, to
serve out.
Daka bilhg.ume. Serve out the food.
Bilia bitii. Heads and tails, in a jumble,
one above another, in h(!a))s.
Noa horo do sanam bili^i bitio gurena hoete.
This doan is 'laid' in all directions.
Bilik balari. \ To glisten, to flash, to
Bilit balan. J sparkle, to swagger; res-
plendent.
Bili^ balah dara baraekanae. He goes swagger-
ing about.
Hako bilit balaiioKako. The fishes flash (in
the sun light. )
Tarware biUt balah jhalkaoHkana. The sword
flashes.
Bilit'. ^To flash, to sparkle, to
Bilit bilit. J twinkle, to swagger, to
put on airs.
BiUt' meuteii lielkedea. I caught a glimpse
of him.
Bilit' biliC bijlikedae. A bright flash of light-
ning.
Bilit bilitkin calalckana, alahlekan kuribanuk-
koa. They go about giving themselves
such airs, as if there were no girls to com-
pare with them.
Bilit balan. Cf bilik balah.
Bilom. To delay, to put off time, to
tarry, to loiter, to saunter.
Alom biloma, ruar hec godokme. Do not delay,
but return immediately.
Biltau. To disappear, to go off secret-
ly, to stray, to be lost, to be mis-
laid.
Okato coe biltauena, mit tec mihii do. A calf
has strayed somewhere.
Bin. "j_ In comp. without, devoid of,
Bina. j exclusive of, except, save,
wanting.
Bin badaete. Without knowing.
Bin jielte. Without seeing.
Bina hukumte. Without orders.
Bin. A snake.
Bina. Cf bin.
Bin cere. A small bird.
Bin kancur. The slough of a snake.
Bin kidiri. Snakes and scorpions.
Bin ot. Poisonous mushrooms.
Bind. A pin of wood, used instead of
a nail.
Bind bahki. A anklet with a joint and fastened
with a pin of wood.
Eindbak. Cf. khila bak.
Bind sakom. A bracelet fastened with a pin of
wood.
Binda, A sheaf a bundle ; to make
into sheaves, or bundles.
Mit' bindg. horo. A sheaf of dhan.
Bindar
[ 70 ]
Bir but
Bindar, To fall down, to collapse.
Horo bind^rena. The dhan lias fallen to tlie
ground.
Bindhar. To fix in a horizontal position,
as the bars of a gate or railing ; a
fence or raihng made of wooden
bars.
Gorako bindh^raka^a. They have fenced the
cow shed with horizonal bars.
Mitten ma^le bindhJirlaKa. We fixed a bamboo
horizontally.
Bindi. A spider.
Kul bindi. A largfe poisonous spider.
Bindi ganalf. A spider's web.
Bindi. A straw stand for earthen pots,
the rim round the bottom of any
vessel to make it stand steadily.
Bindi lota. A lo^a (q. v.) with a rim on which
to stand.
Bindi mutha. A common garden weed>
Fitnbristylis monostachya, Hassk.
The root of this plant is used medicinally by the
Santal ojhas.
Bindran. To fall, or tumble down back-
wards from a standing or sitting
position.
Dal bindraii go^kedeae, He felled him to the
ground.
Binduc. To sneer, to thrust out the
under lip mockingly.
Binducaeako They will thrust out the under
lip mockingly at him.
Binduc satok. To pout, to frown, to
scowl, to mock.
Binduc sa^oke Aelokkana. She is scowling.
Binhak ~) Falsely, illegally, without
Binhakte. J cause.
Binhakte dg-brikediAae.
Bini. A bamboo fan which takes
the place of bellows in a Santal
household.
Seiigel binite ewerme. Fan the fire with the
hini.
Binthi. A curved knife for household
pui-poses.
The binthi is held in position by the foot and the
material to be cut is pressed against the
Binti. To proclaim, to discuss, preach,
relate, exhort ; teaching, exhorta-
tion.
Bintika raj. The "uncrowned king,"
i. e. the Pargana (q. v.)
This is an allusion to an ancient custom which
once existed in Chutia Nagpur and ad-
ioiniug districts. The king acknowledged
the accession of a feudatory prince by put-
ting a mark on his forehead with the great
toe of his right foot, which had been smeared
with vermilion. The title which exists up till
the present, was that of Tikait. The Santal
chief of a district has the authority, al-
though he has never received the tika.
Bipod. \ Misfortune, trouble, distress,
Bipot. J suffering.
Bir. 1 Jungle, forest ; wild, undo-
Bir pakar. J mesticated.
4(Ji birakana, saltatabo. There is much jungle,
we will clear it and give relief from wild
animals.
Ur^ bi^: 1 ^^''^^' primeval forest.
Afut bir. ")
Akut bir. > Large, dense forest.
Akat bir. J
Bir janwar. Wild animals.
Biraj. To be frightened, to be worried ;
to harass.
Bougae birajketkoa, dgirkedako. The bohga
frightened them and they fled.
Bir alpalua. The wild form oiJPhaseo-
lus aconitifolius, Jacq. Cf al-
palua.
Birampat. ") To keep looldng back as
Birampat. J one flees, to flee away at
full speed.
Birampa,te dgirkeda. He fled looking back
every now and again as he ran.
Biran. ~) Foreign, distant place or
Birana. J country.
Biran ren hof doe bah kana. He is not a stran-
ger.
Birana ren hor kanae. He belongs to a distant
place.
Bu'asali. To sulk, to be discontented,
peevish.
Birasaliakanae teheA do. He is sulking to-day.
Birbanta. A giant, a mighty man of
valour.
Birbao. A hurricane, a cyclone ; Like a
hurricane.
Birbao hore hoeena. He is a hurricane-like
man. (The idea prevalent is that persons
exceptionally strong in body or mind first
saw the light during a hurricane, and so
are named hurricane men.)
Birbhui. The district of Birbhum, the
first syllable bir, Santali, mean-
ing forest, and the second bhui,
Sanscrit, and meaning land, i. e.
" forest land".
Bir but. A plant common in the jungles,
Flemingia congesta, Linn.
The name ' wild gram' is given because the fruit,
which is also eaten, resembles that of the
cultivated hut or gram.
Bir disom
[ 71 ]
Bir sim
Bir disom. The forest country. The
name given by the Santals to the
country lying between the Ganges
and the Adjoe River. Cf. birbhiii.
Bir ghangra. A common jungle plant,
a broad leaved form of Vigna
vexillata, Benth.
Birhau. To take root, to begin to grow,
as a plant that has been transplan-
ted ; to settle down.
Cef lekam liel 9.gukeda, birh^iuakana se ban p
He, birhgiuakaiia. How did you find it ? has it
begun to grow? Yes, it is growing.
Birhi-angur. C£ angur birhi.
Bir hor. " Jungle man." A small Dra-
vidian tribe, mainly located in
Chutia Nagpur, who live in the
jungles, and eke out a scanty sub-
sistence by hunting and selling
jungle produce, especially the bark
of Bauhinia Vahlii, which they
make into ropes, sikuars (q. v.), &c.
Bii- horec. A common jungle plant,
Atylosia scarabcedois, Benth.
Biri. A fetter ; to fetter.
Hgiri biri. Manaolea and fetters. ^
Biri hor. A fettered person, a prisoner.
Birij birij. To harass, to worry.
Birij birijkedeae, bae thir ocoaekana. He
harassed him, would not leave him alone.
Birid. " Bearing," unstamped, as a
letter.
Birid birid. Watery substance oozing
from a mass ; to run as a sore.
Biriil biriri daHtef hiiijif gidime.
Birid birili daka. Boiled rioe from which wa-
ter oozes out.
Birid birid. \To continue weeping
Burun burun./ and sobbing for a long
time ; the eyes to fill with tears.
Birili birixie raKeda.
Birit. Trade, calling, profession.
Birjhunka. A common wild plant,
Crotalaria ealycina, Shrank.
Bir kana arak. A common plant dur-
ing the rains, Comvielyna salici-
folia, Linn.
Birkau. \To be frightened, to be start-
Bliirkau.J led, to be scared.
Kul reaU raK aAjomte g9.iko birkauena. The
cows were frightened by hearing the tiger
Birki. To be frightened, scared ; night-
mare.
Bir kubet. A common wild plant, An-
drographis echioides, Nees.
Birla. ") Some, here and there, some
Birla birli. J . . .other.
Baje birlgi. Here and there.
Birla birli sawaekedae, birlg. birli do ban, In
some places there is a good crop and not in
others.
Birlan. ") To keep a sharp look
Birlan birlid. J out on all sides, to be
on the alert against enemies from
any quarter, to prick up the ears,
to smell danger.
Birlan birlilikobeiigeda, jel do. The deer keep
a sharp look out on all sides.
Sadom birl?ih birliilolfkanae, botoroK leka.
The horse pricks up his ears as if be were
afraid.
Bir lopon araH. A wild pot herb, Ver-
nonia cinerea, Less.
Bir malhan. A climbing plant found
in the jungles, Atyllosia mollis,Bth.
Bimaha. Wild, undomesticated ; of
solitary habits, strange.
Bir narcha. A common wayside plant,
Cor chorus, nov. sp.
Birnju.lA small forest tree, Bauhinia
Bunju.J retusa.
Bii-od. Out of temper, sulky.
Birodakanae. He is sulking.
Birodhi. Angry, at variance.
Birot. At variance, at enmity with each
other.
Birotiakanakin. They are at variance with each
other.
Birpakar. Cf bir.
Birsan. A common wild plant, PJtaseo-
lus mungo, var. radiatus, Linn.
Bir miru baha. Sida carpinifolia, a
common wild plant which yields
a good fibre.
Birsaha. "| Suffering from indigestion
Bhirsaha. J or overeating.
Birsau. ")To suffer from indigestion
Bhirsau. J or over eating.
Bir sauraj . A j ungle plant.
Bir sim. The jungle fowl, Gallus
ferrugine^is.
Bii'sindic
[ 72 ]
Bithi
Birsindic. A species of monkey, or
baboon.
Bir sukri. The wild pig, Sus indicus.
Bir suraj mukhi. The wild sun flower,
lonidium suffruticosmn, Ging.
Bir surgn^aALaggera flava, Benth., a
Bir turi. j plant with yellow flowers
common during the cold season.
Birtant. Tidings, rumour, intelligence,
explanation.
Birti. Cf. biiit.
Birud. Opposition, contrariety ; against,
Am birudre. In opposition to tliee.
Birturi. Heels uppermost, feet in the
air ; head down.
BirtuA birtuAko unumoKlcana. Tliey are diying
in the water heels in tbe air.
Biryon boryon. To wriggle as a snake
when moving ; to move as a snake.
Biryoii boryoiie calalikana.
Bis. Poison.
Bisan. Poisonous.
-p,- ■ V Twenty seers weight.
Bisaha. Poisonous, as a snake ; easily
angered.
Bisal. Poisoned, as an arrow.
Bisg-l apayi. A poisoned arrow.
Bisbakhan. To abuse, to vilify, to say
all sorts of things against one in
his hearing, literally, " poisonous
words."
Biabakbane egerkediAa.
Bisbiswas. Certainly, without doubt,
without fail.
Bisbiswas bare hiinlime. Come without fail.
Bisbiawaaiii dalea. I shall certainly beat him.
T, • >- More, to increase.
Besi. j
Khajna bisiakana. The rent is increased.
Bisi emoK hoyoktama. You must give more.
Bisi Jan. The spine, the back bone.
Bisi muti. Diligently.
Bisi sutuc. ") Carefully, diligently, un-
Bisic sutuc J remittingly
Bisic sutuoiil liam barakeda. I sought care-
fully for it.
Bisoe. Regarding, concerning.
Bisor. A mistake
Bhul bisor. Mistakes, errors, faiilts.
Bisphor 1 Eczema, boils.
Bisphotka. J
Eispitaha. Easily angered, short tem-
pered.
Bistor. Many, much.
Bister horko jaoraakana. Many people have
■ assembled.
Bistorko jomkeda. Theyate a large quantity.
Bistur. To waste, to destroy, to spend,
to harm.
Daka alom bistur gidia. Do not waste the
food.
Nia khon do cet ho bae bisturkeda. He did
no more harm than this.
Biswas. Faith, belief.
NitiA biswgisena. Now I believe.
Bid. To plant, to fix upright in the
ground, to set in a hole, to cock
the ears.
Lutur bit'. To listen attentively.
Lutur bitkateye darkeda, kul^ii do. The hare
fled with its ears raised.
Bita. A span ; the distance between
the tijDs of the thumb and little
finger when stretched out ; to mea-
sure by spanning.
Bitaime. Measure it by spanning.
Bitau. To pass, to elapse, as time.
Mi€ hapta bitauena. A week has passed.
Bil} bikoc. Looking round about, swing-
ing arms, as a person in high
glee.
Bit' bikoo oet bail daU lom calakkan ruho£
botedkemae.
Biii diiruc. To limp by walking on
the toes with the knee joint flex-
ed.
Bi6 diiruoe tarametkana.
Bitha. High cultivated land.
Bithak. As soon as, whenever.
Heo bithakge dakae jomkeda. He took his
food as soon as be arrived.
B'tl k f-^s soon as, immediately after.
Heo bithakge dakae jomkeda.
Uni do tuii bithg-g gockoae.
Bithi. Forced labour.
Bithiko senakana, raj orakte. They have gone
to do forced labour at the raja's house.
Bithiahi. Like forced labour, half
heartedly.
Bithiahipe k^imikana, an lagaokate kamipe.
Tou are working as if you were forced to
it, put some vigour into your work.
Biti
[ 73 ]
Bodnam
Biti. Dau gliter, an affectionate form
of address to young women and
girls.
Bitkil. A female buffalo.
May bitkU. A good milking buffalo cow.
Bitkil dh5nd, A large snaku so called.
Bitla bitli. To be impatient, to fret.
Nukin do bankin biti?. bitUKkaua. These two
are not impatient.
Bitlaha. ") To out-caste, out-casted, os-
Bitol. J tracised.
Bitolkedeako. They out-casted him.
Onkan hof jiwei janam l9.grit'le bit;l?.hakoa. We
out-caste such people for life.
Bitlaii. To be impatient, to chafe, as
at delay.
Tin^iR bam bitl?.ulfkana, oalaKgeale.
Bitol. Cf. bitlijha.
Bitol Murmu. A sub division of the
Murmu tribe or sept of the San-
tals.
Bitoti biton. Separate, distinct, be-
longing to different castes, or loca-
lities.
Bitoh bitoh horko jarwalena. People from
many different localities were assembled.
Biuri. Cf. bihri.
Biyol boyol. \Long, tall, sweeping, with
Boyol boyol. J grand display.
B^bukko do biyol boyolko dhutiKa. The ba-
boos wear fine flowing dhutis.
Gidr^ko khub boyol boyolko hara got'ena. The
children have grown tali.
Boak. A huge big healed tiger or
tomcat ; broad full faced.
BoaK aisane lieloKkana. He looks like a huge
big headed tomcat.
Boar. A species of fish.
■p ■ - ■ ■ j- Varieties of the rice plant.
Boas. The cry of a cei-tain species of
wild cat.
Boas runda. The large wild cat whose
cry is " boas boas."
Bobe. To stutter, to stammer.
Boc. To take off garment, or shoes ; to
draw, from sheath, as a sword ; to
unsheath, to extract, as teeth ; to
pull off, to slip off.
Hako kanari iate bahko bojoKa. The fish do
not slip off owing to the barb on the hook.
Boc. A medicinal root sold in the baz-
ars.
Bochor. A year.
Boohorke bochor. Annually, yearly.
Bod. Bad, evil.
Maraii bod hor kanao. Ho is a very bad man.
Boda. A ram, the male of certain
graminivorous animals, as goats,
deer &c.
Boda jel. A stag.
Boda merom. A he-goat.
Boda bin. A brown rock snake.
Boda ghangra. A garden crop, a variety
of Vigna catiang, Endl.
Bode. Muddy, thick, turbid, dirty.
Bo(Je dalf alom Jluia. Do not drink rapddy
water. ^
Bodea sodea. An inferior kind of han-
di (q. V.) Cf. bodoc mela.
Bodgak bodgak. Deep, as a blow with
a hoe in earth, or with an axe in wood.
BodgaK bodgalf hasae u^kgiu idikeda, kul do.
The tiger made deep holes in the earth
(with his feet).
Bodgalc bodgak magme se. Cut deeply.
BodgaK bodgaUe jomet' do. He thrusts big
handfuls of food into his mouth.
Bodgoe. A fat, plump woman.
Bodgoe mara budhiye arisetbona. This fat old
wife annoys us.
Bodh. An inoculator, or \-accinator.
Bodh johpe. Send for a vaccinator.
Bodh %i]i^. Inoculation mark.
Bodhao. To soothe, pacify.
Bodhao otokaea mentell sen liogoKa. I shall
go for a little to soothe it.
Bod khasi. A goat not effectually
castrated.
Bodla.\To change, to exchange, to sub-
Bodol.J stitute, to recompense ; in-
stead of, in exchange, in room and
stead.
XTni bodolte. Instead of him.
Bodla/i halaea. I will be revenged.
Met' bodol me(;. An eye for an eye.
Bodla budli. In turns.
Bodla budlilah kamia. We will work by turns.
Bodlar nari. ") A common jungle clira-
Bod nari. J ber, Vitis adnata, Roxb.
Bodmas. A rascal, a scoundrel.
Bodnam. To disgrace, to give a bad-
name to.
Nui hor do adiye bodnamketlea. This man
brought great disgrace upon us.
10
Bodo
[ 74 ]
Bohon
Bodo, StujDid, and unable to speak
distinctly.
Bodo mara hor. A stuttering, stammering fool.
Bodoc. To rinse out, to squeeze or
wring out.
Bodoc handi. Liquor obtained by
pouring water on the malted grain
and squeezing it. It is of infe-
rior quality.
Bodoc mela. ~) The liquor obtained by
Bodoc sodoc. J squeezing the malted
grain, and being refuse is of an
inferior quality.
Bodol. Cf. bodla.
Bodor bodor. Muddy, dirty, as water.
Bodor bodor AeloUkana, daK do. The water
looks dirty.
Bodre. Old, and careless in attire.
Bodro. Stuttering, stammering.
Nui bodro mara hor oka ho ban bujhauEtaea.
Boe. Used in addressing girls and
young women when scolding, or
fault finding.
China boe, cet lagiiJem calakkana? Fie, you
huzzy, what are you going tor ?
Boe is also employed in addressing the village
priest at a certain stage of the ceremonies
observed during the Baha porob (q. v.),
as he is supposed to be possessed by Jaher
era, the Goddess of the Sarjom grove.
(Jaherthan, q. v.)
Boeha. Brother, or sister, near relative.
Tinalf boehaRape? How many brothers and
sisters are there of you ?
Boeha misera. Brothers and sisters.
Boela. Long, tall.
Boela cgrS. The Hornbill. Cf. camacako.
BoSto boyol. Very long, as a long rail-
way train, or a peacock's tail.
Bogda. A large stabbing knife, a shi-
kari knife.
Boge. Good, well ; to heal, to do good,
to do well.
Joto lekan rog bighine bogekettakoa. He heal-
ed all kinds of diseases among them.
Boge juda. News, health and condition.
NotenaK sanam boge juda besgoa. All tho
news of this place is good.
Boge .itida reaKfco kupulia. They will ask each
other regarding their health and condition.
Bogete. A word possessing intensify-
ing force.
Bogeteye darkeda. He ran like tho wind.
Bogeteye dakkeda. It poured a deluge.
Bogeteye jomkeda. He ate an immense quan-
tity.
Bogeteye raKkeda. He wept bitterly.
Bogeteye laiigaena. He was tired out.
Bogeteye kamikana. He works very hard.
Bogoc. To make a hole in, to open,
to slit.
Bandiko bogoja. They open the bandi (q. v.)
Bogot. Cf. bhogot.
Boha casa. A non-resident cultivator.
Halboha. A ploughman.
Bohal. 1st Class rice land in which
there is always a sufficiency of
moisture.
Bohao. To be floated away ; to blow, as
wind ; to run, as the king's writ.
Hoe bohaolfkana, oka seo khon? From what
point blows the wind ?
Bohao. To curry on the shoulder ; to
carry.
Pakwalla cithiye bohaoeda.
Bohi. Flowing.
Bohi dak. Running water.
Bohoe. To swill clothes in water, to
wash off, to rinse.
Noa kicric bohoeme. Rinse this cloth.
Bohok. Head.
Bohok paragoR leka hasoedidkana. I have a
splitting headache.
Tinak bohoR menaKkotapea, kada bitkilp How
many head have you counting buffaloes and
buffalo cows ?
BohoR bohoR ren kora kuri. Boys and girla
of the same family stock.
Bohok. To accuse, to lay blame on,
to throw responsibility upon.
BohogeaA. I will accuse him.
Boehako ren boKhoRid. The accuser of the
brethren.
Larhaire ho ill ge& bohoRena. The responsib-
ility of fighting was also laid on me.
Boh5k. Portrait, shape, representation,
"dim outline.
Nui do okoe bohoke lieloRkana ? Whose por-
trait is this ?
Mii; bohok geldn JieloRa. They look very much
alike.
Bohol bohol. In ever widening circles,
as caused by a stone thrown into
water.
B?ibaite bohol bohol oalaoena. It moved away
slowly in ever widening circles.
Bohon. Broken in, accustomed to, in-
ured to work, second hand.
Nui hor kg,mire bae bohonakana. This man is
not accustomed to work.
Ijohor boh(
[ 7r, ]
Bol
Bohor bohor. Rippling sound of water.
DaR bohor bohor sa(}okana.
Bohor bohor. Muddy, thick, as water.
Darha realf dalf leo(Jate bohor bohorena. The
water in the pool is muddy through having
been stirred up.
Bohor bohor.]
Lohor bohor. I Sticky, mixed into a
Leher bohor. j soft mass.
Leper leper, j
Leber bohor losot'akana.
Leper lepere daK m?n(Jia. She boils the rice
into a sticky mass.
Boi bindi. A common small thorny
tree, Randia dumetoruvi, Lamk.
Boi bindi jel. A mythical deer.
Boj. Load, burden.
Bojao. To load, to load or charge a
gun or hole for blasting.
Banduk Jbojao dohokam. Load the gun to be
ready.
Bojge. Slovenly in dress, shameless
in attire.
Bojha.}^^"^^^"'^^"^^-
Hamal bojhako toleda, ar horko realf tarenreko
ladea. They bind heavy burdens and lay
them on men's shoulders.
Bojhao. To load, to pile up, to put in.
Bojra. M. 'I Carelessly dressed, cloth
Bujri. F. J round waist too low down,
slovenly.
BDJrae dhutiakana.
Bujriye bandeakana.
B6k. The pedicle of the cocoon of
the tassar silk worm.
Lnmam reaK bok.
Mandoli bokaKme.
Boka. Foolish, stupid, ignorant, raw.
Boka Saotar. Unsophisticated Santals.
Bokak. A tadle made of a pumkin
split into two up the middle
lengthwise.
Bokao. ■) To jabber, to talk nonsense,
Bakao. J to prate, to rave.
Bokboko. To stretch, as twine from a
ball.
Or bokboko kedae sutam do. He pulled and stret-
ched out the thread.
Bokhar. A sheath, of sword, &c.
Boko. The lungs.
Bokobhbnd. To disgrace, to bring con-
tumely upon.
Bokobhou(J cabakefleae. He has completely
disgraced us.
Boko boeha. ") Brothers, elder and
Boko bokoeha. J younger.
Bokol bokol. Muddy, dirty, bad as
stagnant water in the hot weather.
Bokom. Thy younger brother or sister.
Bokom kora. Thy younger brother
Bokom kuri. Thy younger sister.
Bokom baha. An ornamental tree, the
Persian lilac, Melia Azadarach,
Linn.
Bokon. My younger brother or sister
Bokoii kora. My younger brother.
BokoA kuri. My younger sister.
Bokos. A witch.
Daingeam, bokosgeam. You are a witch, and a
witch.
Bokot. ~| His younger brother or
Bokottell. J sister.
Bokot kora . His younger brother.
Bokot kuri. His younger sister.
Bokot bokot. To chatter, to jabber, al-
ways speakingj to scold.
Boko£ bokodoKkanae. He is chattering.
Bokram. ") To apply medicine of the
Bokran. / consistence of paste exter-
nally to the body.
Bokro. To tickle.
A.A\A bokroKgoa. I am very tickly.
Gutlukedeali, acjiyo bokroena.
Bokro. Short weight, short measure,
mean, hard, stingy, scanty.
Bokrogeye emoEkana. He is giving short mea-
sure.
Bokroge lleloKkana. It looks scanty.
Thorageye emadiila, bokroKkanae. He gave
me a very little, he is becoming stingy.
Bokroge bujh^ukkana. It seems short mea-
sure.
Boksa. A warlock.
Nui do boksa kanae. He is a warlock.
Boktaok. To chatter, to say off a rig-
marole of prayers, to speak a great
deal.
Koejonre do alope boktaoKa, bedin horko leko .
Do not say off a rigmarole of prayers like
the heathen.
Bolo. } To enter, to go in.
OraKte bolme. Enter the house.
OraSte alom boloKa. Do not enter the house.
Bahue bolatlea.
Eol
[ 76 ]
Bonga barclii
Bol. Strength, might.
Bolaeme. Help him, encourage him.
Bol bali riameda. I am not regaining strength.
Bolao. To stir up, to interfere with,
to train animals or birds.
XJni bid alom bolaoea. Do not stir up the
snate.
Khub bolao dahra kanae. He is a well train-
ed ox.
Bole. So they say, people say.
Ale do bolels calalfa.
Cefjko lagit bolepe heoakana ?
liuaKkante bole senakanae.
Bahma boleko gocakana.
Bolahat."! . n • •,
■D 11 ., ■ I A call, a summons, an mvita-
xSolhat. >- ,.
Bulahat.J
Bolahat hoeakanti/ia, cei ISj^it con. I have
been called, but why I can't say
Bolgaria.'l Strong, well grown, well
Bolgor. y developed, strong and heal-
Bolgoria.J thy, fertile, as Soil.
Bese bolgarig. kana. He is a strong man.
Bolhat. Cf bolahat.
Boli. Language, speech, dialect.
Bolidan. A sacrifice, an offering.
Bolidanko carhaoa. They offer sacrifices.
Bolman. Strong, well developed, well
grown, strcjng and vigorous, strong
and healthy, fertile, as soil.
Bolman hasa. Fertile soil.
Bolman gidra. A strong healthy child.
Khub bolman dareakana. It is a strong vigor-
rous tree.
Bolo. To enter, to go in.
OraKreko bolo baekoKa. They keep within
the house.
Dhasao boloena. It fell inwards.
Eohoe boloaUabo. We will fill iip vacancies.
Aboal? horteko boloKa. They will adopt our
creed.
Mr bolok bapla. A form of marriage. Cf. liir
bolok.
Bolom. A spear.
Bom. A bomb, used for fireworks.
Bora. Carriage shafts.
Bomal. A clue, part or whole of sto-
len property.
Bomal odokena. Part (or whole) of the stolen
property has been found.
Bombo. Stupid, ignorant, unsophisti-
cated.
Bombo Saotar. Applied contemptuously to
Santals by their Hindu neighbours.
Bombon. To go about from house to
house, as a dog in search of food.
>Seta lekae bombon baraekana. He goes from
house to house like a dog.
Bomboryot. Small mouthed, keeping
the mouth open a little.
Bonbayar. A species of waterfowl.
Bonbon. At full length, extended to
full length ; long.
BoAboii gitioakanae. He lies at full length.
BoAboA tieakanae, bid do. .J'he snake is ex-
tended to its full length.
Bo/iboli katiA makakafa. 1 have cut a long
piece of wood.
Bond. To shut up, to incarcerate, to
be stopped, to be closed, to cease.
Ghari bondena. Tfc o clock has stopped.
Sahet' bondolca. The breath will cease.
Bondhekte. ) ti jy ^.-i
Bondhete. j 1^7 craft, craftily.
Bondheteye erekediAa khabher baA ba(JaelaKa.
Bondis. Cf bundis.
Bondo. Foolish, stupid, naked.
Bondobos. \ To organize, to regulate,
Bondobosto. / to arrange, to settle ; a
lease, or settlement of land, affairs,
organization.
Uni hor reak oraK duar bes bondobos calakkan-
taea . That man' s household affairs are well
regulated, (or he is well off.)
Bondobostoakana. Arrangements have been
made.
Bondor. ") To be peeled or rubbed
Bhondor. J off, as the upper cuticle.
Harta bonijorakana. The skin has been rubbed
off, (but no blood came.)
Bone badare 1 Every where, all round,
Tandi tikur. / bon-|-badra(q. v.)
Ale see ot* bone badare omonakana. Our way
mushrooms are springing up everywhere.
Bone badare dakkedae. It rained all over.
Bonbon. Cf banban.
Bonga. The name given by Santals to
the spirits whom they worship, a
demon ; to sacrifice to a " bonga."
Boiiga capar. Possessed with a demon.
Boiigako deoakawalikoa. They are inspired by
"boiigas." *
Simko boiigakedea. They sacrificed a fowl.
Bonga buruKkanae.
Orakbotiga. A wife.
Oral? bonga menaetaea, se baiiaP Is he married
SiA bonga. The sun. [or not ?
Bonga. A lunar month, a month.
Bhador bonga. The month cf Bhador (q. v.)
Bonga betha. Intercostal neuralgia.
Boiiga barchi. "j A common annual
Dare clhompo. V plant, used medi-
Janum dhompo. j cinally, Leonates
nepetcefolia, R. Br.
Bonga caro(i
[ 77 ]
Boron
Bonga care6. A common grass on ri-
ver banks, Fogmatherwm sacch-
aroideuvi, Beauv,
Bonga ghanti. A plant only found at
considerable elevations, Clematis
nutans, Boyle,
Bonga khoda. A sore which occurs on
the fingers, and affects the arm
np to the shoulder. Owing to the eeverity
of the pain it is attributed to supernatural
agency. Cf. khoda.
Bonga kora. M. "> Bongas or spirits
Bonga kuri. F. J which take the form
of young men or young women for the pur-
pose of visiting at night human beings of
the opposite sex. The result of this con-
nection is that the young man or young
woman falls into ill health, and the visits
of his or her 'bonga' lover can only be pre-
vented by charms and spells.
Bonga Aei. Cf bonga sobok.
Bonga saranjam. T The materials of
Boiiga soromjam. J sacrifice and offer-
ings.
Bonga sarjom. A common scandent
shrub, Ventilago calyculata,
Tulasne.
The bark yields a strong fibre, and the seeds an
oil used for cooking purposes.
Bonga sobok. ") A disease which affects
Bonga net!. J cattle.
Bonga taeni. " The bonga's walking
cane," Tacca pinnattjida, Linn.,
a common jungle plant.
Bonkapsi. A plant with a large brilliant
yellow flower, Tkespasia Lampas,
Daly. & Gibs.
Bonkhura. The supernumerary di-
gits of the horse, cow, &c.
Bonkor. Cess levied for the use of
forest products.
^onot. 1 Peace, harmony, agreement.
Bail bonototttakina. They do not agree.
BanS}T«-l-P--*''J-g'-
Tan?lilena, arho bonwatena. It was cleared,
but has again relapsed into jungle.
Bonwat. To be lost sight of, to dis-
appear ; restless.
Okate ooe sen bonwatena.
4^i bonwat gidra kanae.
r 1
tor. f ^®^'"' dread.
■ Cf boron.
Bontobotod. A long line or strip^ long,
extending in one direction.
4<}ibfJfioem bontobotooket'koa, tinrom sam^ao-
kotamaP You have extended them (your
cattle) into a long line, when will you bring
them together again P
Bor
Botor,
Bor botor ar muhim khon balicaolem. Save
US from fear and distress.
Alom bora, (borolfa.) (botoroKa). Do not fear.
Borge botor hoege rabati. Fear is fear, and
the wind is cold.
Bor. Thick straw rope, used principally
to bind rice bandis. (q. v.)
Uli bor. -)
Pa(e6 bor. (Ropes made by different me-
Lebet' bor. f thods.
Gralah boy. )
Sikol. A thin straw rope.
Bora. A bag.
Boram. Over ripe.
Bele boramena. It is over ripe.
Borao. To dry up, to wither, to lose
vitality ; said of fruits that dry up
and fall from the tree.
Noa jo do boraocna. This fruit is dried up.
Borco. ")
Borcon. J
Borga. A rafter.
Borkao. To frighten, to startle.
BorkaoKae. He will be startled.
Iri. hoben borkao ocokediAa. You have also
frightened me.
Borket. ") Blessing, good fortune, pro-
Barket. / sperity, increase, abun-
dance, plenty. Cf barket.
Borketaktaleme. Bless it to us.
Borlom. A spear.
Bornon. To explain, to relate, to recite.
Bomonaleme. Explain it to us.
Boro. To fear, to be afraid. Cf botor.
Boro. The heart.
Boroc. Withered, paralyzed, arrested
development.
Ti boroeentaea. His hand is withered.
Borodan. Over satiety, torpid through
over eating.
Jom boroijahenan. I have eaten too much.
Jomkate borocjahe gitidakana. He is lying
torpid after a meal.
Boro horo. A variety of the rice plant.
Boron. Colour.
Oka boron, hende se pon^l ? What colour, black
or white ?
Bovon.
[ 78
Buan
Rather, but, but rather.
Boron.
Boronco.
Borod con
Bor con.
Borop. Ice, frost. •
Boror. Having a soft oily feeling to
the touch, as soap stone ; possessing
cleansing properties, as soap, cer-
tain kinds of earth, ashes, &c.
Noa torod guji borora. These ashes cleanse
well.
4^i boror hasa. Earth possessing cleansing
properties in a high degree.
Bororin. The common Indian Tree-pie,
Bendrocitta rufa, (Scop.)
Borof borot. White, clean, tidy, shining.
Borot' borof sajakanae. He is clean and tidy.
Nipilko rakapen, boro€ borot'. The stars rose
shining.
B6s. Children, descendants, race, stock,
family.
Bos buda. Genealogy.
Pilou Haram ren bos kanabo. We are the des-
cendants of Pilcu Haram (q. T.)
Bos. Power, command, guidance, di-
rection, authority.
Eiiga apa reak bosre bako hijnlia. They do not
submit themselves to the authority of their
parents.
B6s buda. Genealogy.
Bosertak. Incapable, incapacitated or
unequal to ; bungling, clumsy, in-
efficient.
Bosertak lekam sieda, siiisatupem etomeda.
Bosertak lekam kamikana.
Bosertak lekan hor kanam.
Bosertak lekae caiaKkana nui dahra do dare
henaktaea se bail ?
Bosertakko bicarlettama.
Bosertak lekam makedekana, i/i khan mii maK-
regeA topaRkea.
Bosertak ill calaka holage, bohoK haso janam-
adiiite ball sen darelena.
Bosertak murukoktiJia ti do, tirogeA ghaoakan-
khan bhala.
Boskao. To break, to give way, the
bottom to fall out of a vessel, to
collapse.
Bandi boskaoena. The bandi (q. v.) has burst.
Boskot. '\ Habitation, dwelling place ;
Boskoti. y to take up one's residence,
Boskotia. J to inhabit.
Jodhaijilire bar isi serma khon iiiak boskot
taliekana.
Bosok. To become detached, easily
separated, to come away in hand-
fulls.
BoBok marte liurena, man^a horo do. Grain
on the threshing floor separated easily (from
the straw.)
BosoR bosoR up liuroRkana. The hair comes
out in handiuls.
Bosonto. Cholera ; a disease attacking
cattle in which the intestines be-
come ulcerated.
Bosri. A prostitute.
Bosta. A sack, a bag.
Bosti. Populous, large.
Khub bosti ato kana. It is a very populous
(or large) Tillage.
Bosto. 1 To destroy, to injure, to ruin,
Bhosto. J to reject, to defile, to pro-
fane.
Amak Autum tahen thaoko bosfokeda. They
have defiled the place where thy name
dwelleth.
Bostor. Clothes, clothing.
Bebostorenae. He is badly off in the matter of
clothes.
5ot. Mire, deep mud.
Botaria. Cf. hal botaria.
Bote. Certainly, correct, true, as you
say.
Bote kangea. It is true.
Botec. In comp. perhaps, lest, or else.
ThirkoKme, dal boteckemali.
Botke. Yolk of an egg, young.
Bele botke h3 thamakhurko joma. Children
also chew tobacco.
Kahu botke. A common hedge plant, Bryo-
nia lacinosa, Linn.
Botkoc. A low hill, a large mound.
Burn botkoe. Mountains and hills.
Botoc. End of turban, or any part of
cloth hanging down behind, re-
sembling a tail.
Botodko atur ocoea. They cause the end to
hang loosely behind.
Botor. Fearful ; to be frightened, fear-
some, terrible, frightful.
Botor 000. To cause to fear, to frighten.
Botorge AeloRkanae. He is frightful.
Alom botorakoa. Do not fear them.
Botor bao. A panic.
Boyo bana. A species of bear smaller
than Ursus labiatus.
Boyol boyol. Cf biyol boyol.
Buan. A musical instrument ; to play
on the buan.
Euan rar
I. 79 ]
Builrak
Buati rar. The air or tune to which
the buaa songs are sung. Cf. buan
sereri.
The bu^h is made by fastening a thin bamboo
((Janijif) about three feet long on the half
of a hollow gonvd. The open end of the
gourd is held to the stomach and the strings
struck with a small stick. The note is
varied by pressing the gourd to, or raising
it from the person.
The strings are made from the sinews of cattle.
Buad sereri. A class of songs sung to
a peculiar air known as Buan rar.
The Bu?.ii songs are sung during the Dasao
(<J- v.), generally to the accompaniment of
the bu?h (q. v.)
Hae hae, tokare do ho, Guru ho, hotof janam-
len?
Guru ho, tokare do ho. Guru ho, 4*n<Jit' buser-
lenP
Hae hae, gurio mandere. Guru ho, hotof janam-
len,
Guruho, karam butare, Guru ho, ij9n(Jif bu-
serlen. Buaii song.
Bubhau. To spill, to pour, as liquid.
Scottice, to jaup.
DaKem bubhau oookeda. Ton spilled the
water.
Khub leka dul bubhauaeme. Pour a gjod
quantity of water over him.
Bubrum.l c-,,-
Burum. 1^^"^"^ °" ^SS^'
Belekate bubrum kanae. She has laid eggs
and is now sitting on them.
Bubu. A scratch, a hurt, or anything
that hurts, said to or by children
only.
Buca. M. T To nick off a part, to crop
Buci. F. J the ears, crop-eared.
Luturko bueg-ke^taea, ar can^bolko bandaket'-
taea. They cropped his ears, and docked
his tail
Buci seta. A crop-eared slut.
Bug dare. A small forest tree, Gor-
dia Myxa, Linn.
Buc buc. Nimbly, quickly.
Matkom bud buoe halaiieda. He picks up the
matkom (q. v.) very nimbly.
Bucbucu. Sharp pointed, peaked,
conical,
Ojo buobucuakana.
Bud.
Budh:
Buda, Stock, root, clump, stalk.
Mi£ buda khonbo heeakana. We all come from
the one stock.
Buda. Grandfather.
Bu^?' baba. Grandfather.
,..}
Wisdom.
Budak. To break up ground with the
plough, to be broken up, as a mud
or pnkka floor into holes.
Bali bu(}g,Kl6lthan oot'lekatert g,sulolfaf If I do
not plough how can I live ?
Baranda ot bu(Jalfena. The floor of the ver-
andah is broken in places.
B.udakil. Understanding.
Budan. Wise.
Budau. ") To spend, to squarider, i(j
Burau. J waste.
Sanam tij duribe bn^laukeftaea.
He squandered all his property.
Budbhorsa. Advice, encouragement.
Budgaria. Wise, clever.
Budha. An old man.
Bud hara. Pei-plexed, at one's wits' end.
Id doA budharaena. I am at my wits' end.
Budhi. Wisdom.
Budhiabonme cetlekatebo gisulolfa. Suggest
some way in which we can get a living.
Budhi bam khataolekhan ohom asuUena. If
you do not use your wits you will not get a
living.
Budhi. An old woman.
Budhia. Mother.
Buijhi?. hor. Mother.
Budhi ayo. Grandmother.
Budhi ghasid Two plants go by this
name, Pavetta Indica, L., var.
tomcntosa, Roxb., and Gallicarpa
macrophylla, Vahl.
Budhi kaskom. A species of the cotton
plant, Gossypium arboreum,
Linn.
Bud hilok. Wednesday, the fourth
day of the week.
Budhi parkom ipil. The four chief stars
in the body of the " Great Bear."
Budhi tilai. A common shrub, Pavetta
indica, Linn., var. tomentosa,
Roxb.
Budi. Old, aged, applied to women.
Budi ayo. Grandmother.
Bn^i era. A old woman.
Budrag. "» Unrestrained, left to the
Budrak. J freedom of one's own will,
arrogant, self-willed.
Jom bu^lrgikenaG. He has waxed fat and kicks.
OkoeaKumuktenonkadom budr9.gkana? Whom
do yqu rely on that you have become eo ar-
rogant ?
Bu(Jiu6
[ 80 ]
Buku
Budru6. To rinse out the mouth, to
squirt out of the mouth.
Da8 buijruo gi(Jiako. They squirt the water
out of their mouths.
Budud buduc. To bubble up, as water
boiling.
Budur. To rot off, to eject the stone of a
fruit from the mouth.
Papita reaK jahtet;ko buijur gi^ikalia. They
eject the stone of the papita from the
mouth.
Harta jel sea buglurlenkhan eken jah tahena.
When the skin and flesh rot off only the
bones remain.
Bugi. Cf. boge.
Bugli. A small bag, a purse.
Bugur bugur.l Soft, as earth or quick
Bagar bugur. J sand into which the
feet sink.
Bugur bugur jahga boloKa.
Bugur bugur. The sound produced by
the blowing of a blacksmith's bel-
lows.
Buhel. To flow, to float away.
Qah ngiite Sifi sadom torae buhelen do, Soya
samudte ho, SiA sadom.
Buhi. A book not stitched at the side
but at the end, an account book,
a register, a ledger.
Buhi dak. Running water.
Buhi khet. A rice field through which
there is a flow of water.
Buhni. The first sale of the day which
must be a cash one.
AuriA buhnia dharte oholi emlema. I have not
made my first sale yet, so cannot give you
credit.
Baihar. Benevolence, good-will, kind-
liness.
Okoealf buiharte k?.mi dom riamkeda? Through
whose good offices did you obtain work ?
Buj. ") Wisdom, understanding,
Buj suj. J sense ; to understand.
Okage bae buj suja. He understands nothing.
Oka ho buj sujkate bae rora. He speaks without
refleciiion.
Buj bujhau. To understand what is
right and what is wrong.
Bujhantar. Wise, clever, sharp.
Buj ha buj hi. To consult together,
to take counsel together.
OraKrele bujha bujhilenge jaha^aKle kha^iama.
We will first consult those at home, then we
will say something definite.
Bujhau. To understand, to consult, to
take counsel with, to explain, to
cause to understand, to convince,
to satisfy, to persuade.
Bujhau bharenaA. I am unable to iinderstand.
Moneregeli bujhg,u baralege. I must first
think it over.
Car pawa monere bujhau tliil^kate rorme ma.
Make up your mind on the matter and then
Lai bujhauaeme. Explain it to him.
Bujri. F. 1 Slovenly in dress, cloth round
Bojra. M.J waist too low down, un-
shapely in waist.
Bujri alom bandeKa. Wear your s9.ri higher
up your waist.
Bujuk bujuk. "> In crowds, in swarms,
Bujuk bujuk. J numerous.
Bujuk bujuk hof menaKkoa. There are crowds
of people.
Bujur. To spill, as gr-ain out of a hole
in a bag, basket, &c.
Gei leka bam ghetaka^ bujuroK kana ? How
haye you tied it up (grain) ? It is running out.
Buk. To encourage, to assist, to give
confidence.
Isore bukakawafkoa. God gave them courage.
Buk bandhaoaeme. Encourage him.
Buka. The navel, the unfertilized part
on the top of a cob of Indian corn,
a peaked bag in a fish or hare net
into which the fish or game drop.
Buka topa. Birthplace.
Ona ato do buka topa ato kantiria. That village
is my birthplace.
Buka bharur. Umbilical hernia.
Buka cur cutuc. A child's game.
Buka curruc. A child's game.
Buka seresere. Ulcerated navel of
infant.
Buka sobok bin. A large green and
yellow snake.
Buki. A worm that destroys the roots
of the young dhan plant.
Buktan. ") Hard to pull, as a hooka ;
Buktana. J not to sound as a flute
when blown into; to speak from the
throat, close, reserved, hoaree.
Buktangeye roreda, okoe badae baiioaoK coe
baoo. He speaks from his throat, his recovery is
doubtful.
Noa tirio do bukt;angea, bail sa^ea.
Buku. A white ant.
Bukui' Bukur
[ 81 ]
Buniadi
Bukur bukur. To bubble, to rise in
bubbles.
Bakuf bukuy daK sotefioKkaiia. The water
bubbles out from the earth.
Bukur bukur heijejolf kana, daU do. The water
boils and bubbles.
Bukul; bukul The motion of maggots
in foul sores, or that of earth
worms or moles raising up earth
from underneath by jerks.
Bukuf buku6 len(Jet'e oiJokoKkana.
Pat;wako bukuf bukudokkana.
Bul. To be intoxicated, to be drunk,
stupified by a narcotic, or drug ; to
drug.
Aijipe An buloUa. You often drink till you
are drunk.
Bolenae. He is drunk, (or stupified by the use
of a drug. )
Em bulkedead. I administered chloroform to
him.
Bulahat. Summons, calling, bidding,
invitation.
iJSak bulaha^ hoeena. I have been summoned.
Bulau. To deceive, to lead astray, to
practice deception, to divert, to
amuse.
Unial^ kathatege non^e doll bulau hecakana.
I came here through being deceived by his
words.
Gidra jahanalS emkate bul^uem. Give the child
something to divert him.
Bulau. A method of exorcism.
This method of exorcism is applied in three
ways : —
1st. — .Aiter a corpse has been placed on the fun-
eral pyre a man takes a fowl in his left
hand and holding it aloft goes three times
round the pyre, moving to the left. Having
completed the circuit thrice he nails the fowl
through the neck to one of the four posts
(torre khun^i) fixed one at each corner of
the pyre.
2nd. — When -it is desired to exorcise an evil
spirit out of a sick man a fowl is taken and
its bill held close to a few grains of rice on a
sarjom (q. v.) leaf, and when it picks a little
the exorcist takes it in his right hand and
holding it out at arm' s length brings it round
with a sweep and passes it underneath the
left thigh to the left hand. With a similar
movement of the left hand it is passed un-
derneath the right thigh, to the right hand
and again carried with a sweep of the right
hand underneath the left thigh to the left
hand and brought in front where it is sized
with both hands. This completes the oper-
ation which is repeated three times, after
which the fowl is made to pick a few grains
of rice off the sick man's hand as a proof
that the spirit has been driven out.
3rd. — When the person to be operated on has
had the evil eye cast on him while eating, a
piece of a broom (jonoK), the stone of a
fruit of Semicarpus anacardium (soso jan)
and a piece of a pod of Bauliinia VahUi
(lamaS hefe) are wrapped up in a sarjom
Cq. V.) leaf. The operation now resembles
that described above the parcel taking the
place of the fowl.
Buli. Language, speech, dialect.
Bul mayam. An offering of human
blood.
The method is as follows: —
A puncture is made with a thorn and then pres-
sed till blood issues. A grain of husked
rice is then applied and when discoloured
with the blood it is presented as an offering
to the deity who is to be appeased. The
number of parts of the human body from,
which blood is extracted varies from four
or five to thirty three.
Balk^fi. The fee paid to the officiating priest
who offers his own blood. This generally
amounts to one rupe four annas.
Bh It i "^ form of emphatic denial.
Balte ho taka banuKtiiia. I have not a single
rupee, (i. e. even if I were drunk I could
not say I had any money.)
Ili do noa katha bhulte ho baJi rorakat'a. I
never said any such thing, (i. e., even by
mistake, or when unconscious.)
Bulu. The thigh.
Bulun. To salt ; salt.
Ni?.tele buIuhoKa. We will procure salt with
this,
BuluiiaKme. Salt it.
Bumbai. Bombay.
Bumbud hako. A species of fish.
Bumburyut}. Cf. bomboryol
Bud campa. A kind of spinning top.
Bund. A drop.
-p. ,. •■ I^Fee paid to a jan, dikli, (q. v.)
Dol."
or witch finder.
Bundi. To put the red mark on the
bride's forehead at marriage, which
is done by the bridegroom.
More tikaK sindurteko bundikedea.
Bundis. To think, to meditate, to
turn a thing over in the mind, to
remember.
Noae bundiakef te artefgeye bhabnaena. Think-
ing of this increased his sorrow.
Buniad. Origin, foundation.
Ale do buniad khon menaKlea. We are here
since the foundation (of the village.)
Butiiadi. Original, first, aboriginal.
Buniadi horko. Founders (of a village), descen-
dants of the founder or founders (of a
village;) original residents, aborigines.
U
B
unum
[ 82 ]
Burn katkom carec
Buniim. A white ant hill.
Biinum ehga. The queen white ant.
Bunum bararin. A species of wasp
which haunts the shops of sweet-
meat sellers during the hot
weather.
Bunum ot. An edible mushroom found
growing on, or near, white ant hills.
Bupujhau. Reciprocal form of bujhau
(q. V.)
Burau. To waste, to squander, to
spend.
NunaK takail buraukeda. I squandered so much
money.
Burbudluk. Many at a time, all at
one time, simultaneously.
BurbudluK omonakana. Germinated simul-
taneously.
Burbuduc. To bubble, air bubbles to
rise to the surface of water when
some creature is breathing below.
Burgi. The Mahrattas.
Burgi bir?.]. Mahratta raiders, applied also to
those who are feared as the Mahrattas were.
Burha. M. 1 ^i , ,
Burhi. F. I O^^' ^g^*^-
Burhia. An old woman.
Burhu. To wind twine into a hank
so as to be easily pulled off.
Baber bnrhuime . Make the twine into a hank .
Bursi. Part of a broken earthenware
vessel when put to the following
uses : —
Sim bursi. A hen's nest.
Sehgel bursi. A fire pan. Cf . sehgel bursi.
Bursi seiigel leka jiwi lokkantiJia.
Burti. Cf. barti.
Buru. A mountain.
Buru kunami. Full moon, the sun being on the
horizon, and the moon appearing over the
hill tox3S.
Marari buru. Pareshnath, the highest moun-
tain in the Santal country.
Buru. A spirit, an object of worship.
C£ bonga.
The primary meaning of iuru is the same as
that of bonga (q. t.). The two words are
often joined together, as boiiga buru, bonga
being a gloss on huru. The modem word
bonga has so entirely superseded the more
ancient buru, that the present generation
of Santals are ignorant of its real significa-
tion.
Marah buru. The chief of the burns, or boiigas.
Marah buru, or mount Pareshnath ia often con-
founded with the Maraii buru of the Santal
traditions and worship.
Buru daiira. The jambro or python.
Buru. A religious festival and fair of
the semi-Hinduized Bhulyas.
One of these Buru fairs is held yearly, in
December, at a small village in the District
of Hazaribagh named Gande. and is called
Gan(Je buru, another is held at Lalgarh,
just across the boundary, in the District
of the Santal Pargannas, and is known as
Lalgarh buru.
Buru beret Kisku. A sub. sept of the
sept Kisku (q. v.).
Buru beret Marndi. A sub. sept of
the sept Marndi (q. v.)
Buru beret porob. A festival observed
by a sub. sept of the sept Kisku
(q. v.), and also by a sub. sept of
the sept Marndi (q. v.)
Buru bhalua. A swallow that frequents
hills and builds its nest on a
precipice.
Buruc. To slip through the fingers,
as a fish ; to slip out of, to slip off,
as a fish from a hook ; to slip from
under, as a bullock from under
the yoke ; to withdraw, to desert
comrades, to go about here and
there.
Buruokedaii. I have allowed it to slip out, (or
fall out.)
CedaKpe burujoKlcana, onte note P "Why do you
go about here and there (and don't attend
to your work ?)
Buruc buruc. To rise as small bubbles
in water ; many, numerous.
Buruo boruoko oalalfkana, muc do. The ants
are swarming.
DaK buruc burujokkana. The water is boiling.
Buru ekasira narl. A plant found at
high elevations, Flemingia con-
gesta, Roxb. type form.
Burui burui. To drizzle.
Burui buruiye daKeda It is drizzling.
Burui burui. Soft, moist, free, as earth
in a good condition for ploughing,
or digging.
BuSj.}^*^^^''-
Bums.}^^^-^^^-
Buru katkom c&vec. Equisetuvi debile,
Roxb., a common plant.
Burur
[ 83 ]
Cuba
Burum. To lie down, of animals in
general.
Bubrum aim. A hen sitting on eggs.
Burn mackunda._ A forest tree,
Wright ia tomeiitosa, R c6 ^'.
Buruiij. A tower.
Buru pajhar. Cf pijhar.
Buru raher. A cultivated leguminous
plant, Cyamopsis psoralioides,
D. G.
Buru sim. A white cock offered to
Marad buru (q. v.)
There are no restrictions as to who shall partake
of the flesh of the buru sim.
Buru tiron. Cf. tiron.
Buryud. To slip out of a hole, as a
snake, or a fish.
Buyj-on marte ix>( gofenae.
Busalc. To produce young, of animals ;
to hatch as eggs of fowls, and
birds.
BusaKenae mihu do.
Busalfkedae. Gare birth to it.
Busaigokkana. Is being bom, or given birth to.
Sim bele khon bnsfigoKa. Fowls are produced
from eggs.
Tanak busaK. Very many, numerous.
TanaK busalcko godena. They have died in
large numbers.
Busar.lTo be born, to be brought into
Bus§r.J the world.
Boete amki do hoe busarlen.
Hae hae, busarakanakin,
Hae hae, nnkin manewa.
Buska. A species of termite which is
very destructive to the rice plant
where there is an insufficiency of
water.
Busku. To rouse, to exasperate.
Snaurbau alope buskukoa. Do not rouse the
wasps.
Durre ! bejae marah asintara kulya terejhaKe
giticakana, aloyape buskuea, ger botedke-
peae.
Busndi. A small fly resembling a
mosquito, a midge.
Busup. Straw, the grain of which has
been trodden out by cattle.
Janhe busup. The straw of janhe (q. v.)
Busur busur. ") Soft, as earth or roas-
Bhusur bhusur. J ted gi'ain ; applied to
describe scratching or scraping
when the substance is soft or loose.
But. Chana, gram, Cicer arietinum,
Linn.
}
A child.
Buta. The trunk of a ti'eo up to
whure the branches begin, the
area covered by the branches of
a tree ; origin, root, beginning.
Dare bufarele durupakan tahekana. We were
sitting under a tree.
Noa katha realf but?, oka then kana ? Where
is the beginning of this matter ? "
Butel. Power, effort, by means of
Am butelte oho hoelena.
Butlak. I Power, ability, effort, by
Butlek. / means of.
Am butlakte ohom idi darelea, un^E dare
bamuKtama.
Butra. M.\ Short in stature, dumpy,
Butri. F. j dwarfish.
Butru.
Butur.
Gid^r butur. Children.
Butuc. *) Short, applied to the
Butu6 butuc. J ears of rice, oats,
wheat, &c.
Butud butuc geleena. The ears are short.
Butuii butud. To throb, as an abscess
when gathering.
Butttii butuil hasoedirikana. It throbs pain-
fully.
Buya. The female organ.
Buyol boyol. C£ boyo boyol.
Buyut buyul'. To piick, to pain, to
throb.
Buyuf bnyu£ hasoiikana.
Buyut' mente. To blab, to let out a
secret.
Buyut' menteye lai gofkeda, bae jiwi dareada.
He let out the secret, he could not restrain
himself.
8l } T-
Ca dare. The tea plant. Camellia theifera.
Griff.
Ca daK . Decoction of the leaves ; tea prepared
for drinking.
Cabagan. 7 * . j
Cabaloeca.l A tea garden.
Caba. To finish, to complete, to die ;
all, the whole.
Nel cabaket'koaii. I have seen them all.
Hatao cabake£ae. He has taken the whole.
Kami cabakate oraKteye senena. He finished
the work and went home.
Noa katha abore cabaRa. Thi.? matter will end
with us (is private.)
Cabaenae. He is dead.
Cal)iic cubuc
[ 84 ]
Ca,c
Cabad cubuc. Pricking or tingling
sensation.
Ca,bae ciibuo pgiKtia. It prides.
Cabao cubuc hasolikana. I feel a pricking pain.
Cabhar cabhur. Rushing, swishing or
splashing sound of water.
Cabhar cabhur dalfreli aAjomkeda. I heard a
sound of splashing in the water.
Muou daKre cabhar cabhurko ota idia. They
press the iish trap swishing into the water.
Cabhrulc. At once, instantly, without
warning.
CabhruK marteye donkeda.
Cabhur. Splashing, plumping into
water.
C9.bhur marteye donkeda.
Cablau. To bite, to fix the teeth into,
to eat, to tear, as a tiger does an
animal when eating it.
Pher okooe cabl^iu gotkedea. He tore him
severely.
CabuM. To dip into ; to dip the tips of
the fingers into and transfer what
adheres to them on to something
else.
Cabugme alo se hirijoli lagif . Dip something in
to prevent it (the pot) boiling over.
Sunum cabugme. Dip your fingers into the
oil (and transfer what adheres to them to the
palm of the other hand, preparatory to an-
ointing the person.)
Dal? cabugme. Dip your fingers into water,
(and transfer what adheres to them to the
lime in your hand.)
Cacalc. Broken, tattered, pierced all
over, wormeaten.
Lum^mko jom cacaKkeda, sakam do. The silk
worms have eaten the leaves to tatters.
Sakam cacagoka. The leaves will be torn.
Cacao. To force joayment on one in
advance so as to secure his servi-
ces, or a bargain.
Cacaokate uniye agu otoadiiia, am then ohoil
senlena. He pressed wages on me in ad-
vance, I cannot go to you.
Cacarhal Rough, dirty, scaly and
ugly, as a lizard, or a person suffer-
ing from a skin disease.
TJni ho bae umoKa, arisge cacarhatie Aelolfa.
He will not even bathe, he looks disgust-
ingly dirty.
Cacki. To cozen, wile, beguile, per-
suade, lure.
Onko doko caokiketlea, metatieako, noncje
oedak reiigeotepe tahena ? They cozened us,
they said to us, Why do yon remain here
famishing ?
Caco. To toddle, the first walking of
a child.
Caco gidra. A child just able to walk alone.
Caoo kefec gidra. A child able to walk well.
Caoo (Jiiji. To accustom a child to stand or
walk alone.
Caco chatiar. Cf chatiar.
Cacur macur. ) Hurriedly, carelessly,
Kacur macur. j imperfectly, irregu-
larly, anyhow.
Noa jaega cacur macurko siakat'a. They have
ploughed this part very carelessly.
Noa araK do cacur m^icurko isinakafa. They
have imperfectly cooked these greens.
Cadak cuduk.l Noise of plumping into
Caduk caduk. f water.
Ca^aK cuduK dalcre sadea dhiri capa&ekhan.
If a stone be thrown into water it sounds plump.
Cader. A cotton cloth worn as a shawl,
or covering ; a sheet.
Cadi. A goat for sacrifice, rice and li-
quor given by the bridegroom to
the bride's party.
A goat, rice and liquor given by
the bridegroom to the bridde's
party.
Cado. To put into water, to immerse,
to plunge.
Dakreye don cacloena. He plunged into the
water.
Dak man^ire roe cado go^ena. The fly fell into
C^-di merom
Ca^i caole
Cidi hand:
n
the rice water.
1 A puppet worked with
li. J the fingers.
Cador bador.
Cador badomi.
Cadra. Bald on the crown of the head,
applied only to males.
Cadra. Galvanized corrugated iron
sheets.
Cadra. A cotton cloth worn as a shawl,
a sheet.
Cadri. Bald on the crown of the head,
of females only.
Caduk caduk. Sound of a body plum-
ping into water.
Cae. Hard, scrimpy, miserly, niggardly,
near.
4iji cae hor kanae, bae emoKa. He is a great
niggard, he won't give.
Cae. Quarrelsome.
Cele cae jg.t kanako ! tin dhaoem hijuka, un
dhao doko kaph^riauKa. What a quarrel-
some set they are, whenever yon come they
quarrel.
Cae
[ 85 ]
Caher
gypsies given to
Cae. "I A name mentioned in the
Cae disom. J traditions of the Santals.
Cae. A caste so called.
Cae campa. Two names, Chae and
Champa, mentioned in the Santal
traditions, and often joined to-
gether.
Cae capor.l ^„ ,
ri '^^ • rCi. cagae darae.
Car capor. J °
Cae colon. Conduct, behaviour, charac-
ter, life and conversation.
Caecor. A tribe of
thieving.
The popular belief with regard to thia tribe is
that they are so expert as to be able to
possess themselves of any article they may
covet by simply looking at it.
Cac cue. Still, quiet.
Cad cudko thirena. They were perfectly still.
Perako heolena, cac cucket'leako, jomak banuK-
tilite.
Cae cui. The sound produced when a
cow is milked into a pail.
Cae disom. Cf. cae.
Caego. Flippant, pert, said of little
girls.
Nui caego do okoe sohge ho bae anaria. This
pert little thing feels strange with no one.
Caehtp.' F. } ^^^^ mouthed, gaping.
Caekop. 1 Shrivelled, scantily supplied
Caikup. j with raiment, as a beggar
in hard times.
Bohor caekopakana. It is shrivelled by drying.
Cagae. \ Quickly ; loud voiced,
Cagae cagae. j stentorian.
Cagae cagae nni doe roreda. This person
speaks very loudly.
Cagae cagoe. Unpleasant feeling caus-
ed by sand, husk, or some such
foreign substance in food, grating.
Cagae darae. Loudly, loud and harsh,
violently.
Bogete cagae daraeye egerkedilia. She scolded
me in aloud voice.
Cagam cugum. To move slowly and
stealthily.
Kombroko heeena, cagam cugumiil alijomlef-
koa. Thieves have come, I heard them
moving stealthily.
Cagar. To break off, to detach, to
tear off.
Or oagaf. To detach by pulling.
Dal cagar. To detach by striking.
Adomko do dareko khon (}haur?.l{ko dal cagar-
keda. Some broke off branches by striking
them (with sticks.)
Cagat. To detach, to split, to tear
or break off. Cf. cagar.
Cag caga. To straddle, to open out,
as a pair of compasses.
Jaiiga cag cagakedae. He straddled.
Cag cagae tehgoakana. He is standing with his
feet wide apart.
Cagoe cagoe. Grating, the feeling
when husk or sand is in the rice
when being eaten.
Cagoe oagoe^ jomkeda, na parok.
Caha. A snipe.
Cahal cahal. Quickly, hurriedly.
Okate calaKkanae cahal cahal ? Where is he
going in such a hurry ?
Cahao. To desire, to wish.
Cele ce^kom cahaokana ? What is it you want ?
Cahap. To open the mouth, to open
as the mouth ; to gape.
4^1 haprak cahaboktakoa. Their months open
very wide.
Bah bahko cahapakada, toro^ah leka. They
open their mouths as wide as a fish trap,
Uniak moca cahabtaete mii ^ec t^kam llama.
When you open its mouth you will find a
rupee.
Cahap catur. Flustered, excited, bewil-
dered.
Oka khon cahap cg-turem heeena P From where
have you come in such a flustered condition?
Cahar cahar. ") ^ • i , , ■,,
Lahar cahar. j Q'^^'^'y' '^"^^^l^^^-
Cahar cahare tarameda. He is walking quickly.
Cahatao.^ m i ,
Cahtao I approach, to come near,
/~i~i,I ' I to enter.
Cahtao. J
Kul do bae cahtao d^reaKa. The tiger will not
come near (to the village through fear.)
Cahfiao ho bae cah^aolia. He will not even come
near.
Raj garre emon hoy do ohom cahtaolena. A
person like you could not enter a king's
palace.
Cahe. Perhaps.
Cahc.cahe. Whether. ..or.
Cahem calaK, cahem tahen. Whether you go
or stay.
Cahem doholi cahe bam dohoii. Whether you
keep me or not.
Caher. Shadow, reflected image, ap-
pearance.
UniaK caher girsire lleloKa. His image will
appear in the mirror.
Caher
[ 86 ]
Cakta
Caher. Acb-oitness, proficiency, skill.
Uni do oahere uduKatbona, abo ho uni khon
biai caherbon uduKaea. He shewed us his
profloienoy (in dancing,) we will shew him
greater proiioienoy.
C^h' fNecessary, needful, wanted.
Note daK ogihi%. Water is wanted here.
Cahiye. Necessary, proper, right.
Cahtao. Cf. cahatao.
Cai cai. \Used when driving an
Cai dhal; dhalj elephant.
Caini. A ladder.
Cak. A wheel.
Kuhk?.l oak. A potter's wheel.
Cak dahri. A big turban resembling a wheel
in shape.
Cak bandhi. A cog put before a wheel to pre-
vent it moving.
Sagar cak. A cart wheel.
p , ■ [To take aim, as with a gun.
Adi fhikem cak dareaKa. You can aim well.
Cak. A representation of a flower, or
some other design, made with rice
flour on the ground near the
mandwa khunti (q. v.) at a mar-
riage.
Cak purauni. A present given to the girl who
makes the cak to induce her to finish it.
Cg.k khunti. A post fixed in the centre of a
tank when the ceremony of marrying the
tank is performed. The manclwa khimti
(q. V.) is sometimes called cak khunti.
Cak. Why, wherefore.
Cakem laikeda ? Why did you tell.
Cakaoda. A common annual met with
about villages, Cassia Tora, Linn.
Cakaoda araR. The fresh leaves of Cassia Tora
'used as a pot-herb.
Cakap cakap.] Noise made when eat-
Cakup cakup. Ung with gusto ; smack-
Cakap cukupj ing the lips.
Cakap cukupko jomeda. They smack the lips
while eating.
Cakar. To exercise a horse by mak-
ing it run round in a circle
Cak bandhi. A cog put before a wheel
to prevent it moving, an obstacle,
a hitch.
Cak bandhi ma lagaoaK me. Put a cog before
the weel.
Cetre cak bandhiena. What bitch has occurred.
Cak cak. ) Guzzling or gobbling
Chak chak. J sound, as by a pig when
eating.
Cake. A rick ; to pile up one thing
above another in order,
Horo cake. A rick of dhan.
Busup cake. A rick of straw.
Sarako benaoa, nirdhokko cakea. They make
the funeral pyre piling up (the firewood.)
Cakendar. Broad.
Nui horaK (Jeke cakendar osargetaea.
Cakha. To taste.
Ma cakhaeme, buluii adaa.kana se bah. Taste
it and see if it is properly salted or not.
Caki. A flat cake of anything, to cut
into thin slices.
Cgiki gur. A flat cake of raw sugar.
Caki. The patella or knee cap.
Cakla coklo. Dodging through fear
or shame, shy, keeping out of sight
as much as possible through shy-
ness.
Lajaote cakla coklo baraekanae. She is dod-
ging here and there through shame.
Cakmak. ") Shining, admirable, excit-
Chakmak. j ing admiration, beautiful.
Bhit cakmakko cikara.
Chakmakao. To shine, to rejoice, to
be in high spirits.
^(Ji chakmakaoenae.
Cakop. A bite, a mouthful.
Mi6 cakop hoyoKa. It will only be a mouthful.
Cakop cakop. The sound of guzzling
or gobbling when eating, as a pig
does.
Cakop cakope jomeda sukri do. The pig is
gobbling its food.
Cakor. A servant, other than agri-
cultural._
Nokor cakor. Servants in general.
Acli nokor cakor menakkotaea. He has many
servants of all kinds.
Cakra. A eunuch.
Cakrao. To possess oneself of, to in-
crease at other's expense, to enlarge.
Hasa cakraome. Increase your field (by taking
apiece from some one else.)
Cakri. Service, other than agricul-
tural.
Cakri ghum. T Dizzy, confounded,
Cakri ghumao. J head to swim, con-
fused and unable to comprehend or
speak.
Cgikri ghum geli a^kara.
Kami kamite cakri ghumauKtalea.
Cakta. Large and flat, as a flagstone
or plank.
Dhiri cakta. A large flat atone.
C^akti
[ 87 ]
Camac
Gakti. Small and flat, a thin slice, a
cake.
C»kti gnp. A oake of raw sugar.
Pisk?. c^ktikateko tekea. They slice the pisk?i
(q. v.) and then cook it.
Caku. A kind of clasp knife, with han-
dle resembling that of a razor.
C?.ku b?.nduk. A weapon, one end of which is
a pistol, and the other a knife.
Cal. A roof.
Jeteleii cal. The front and back portions of a
roof.
Khnpi cal. The roof of the end portions.
Cal. To put into the hand, to give.
Tak?.ii caladea. I gave the money into his hand.
Cal. "(Conduct, behaviour, life and
Cal colon./ conversation, character.
Ii?.i calaK. Tradition.
Cal ban bestaea. His conduct is not good.
L?.i cal katha, ar areo cal dalf haKsogea. Slan-
derous tales and water thrown on one causes
pain.
Cala. A sieve ; to sift.
Cala. "^To go, to move, to walk, to
Calais. J pass away.
Jiwi calakkantaea. He is dying,
Cala cula. Occupied with preparations
for a journey, about to set out on a
journey.
Cala cula. To divide what is left over.
after a share has been given to
each.
Ma niakore cala cula gofkaKme.
Calak. Clever, expert, deceitful, frau-
dulent, over reaching.
Khub calak hor kanae. He ia a very clever man.
Calaki. Fraud, trick, deception, knav-
ery.
Alom calakia. Do not be guilty of knavery.
Cal?iki kantaea. It is his trickery.
Calan. Clearance, remittance, an an-
nouncement of despatch, a pass,
an invoice ; to send to prison, to
send up for trial ; a batch, consign-
ment.
Daroga doe calanke£kina. The daroga sent
them up for trial.
Ale do paihil calantele hecena. We came with
the first batch.
Calao. (1) To set in motion, set agoing.
(2) To impel, drive, direct, urge.
(3) To conduct, manage, admin-
ister,guide.
(4) To forward, advance, hasten,
expedite.
(5) To prosecute, carry on.
(6) To meet a demand, pay.
i\} H°' oalao oooeme. Setthe machine in motion-
Drive on the bul.
(2) Ma (Jaiira calaokinme.
locks.
(3) Disom caKlaoid. The governor, or admin-
istrator of a country or province.
Eaj calflaoid, Dewan or Prime minister of a
kingdom.
(4) G?.iji calao liogme. Hasten the cart a little.
(5) Am uparre mokordomali calaoa. I shall
prosecute, or bring a suit against you.
(6) Barea merom ^kriiikate khajnali calaokeda.
I sold two goats and met the demand for
rent.
Ti calao. To lay hands on.
Em calao. To help by giving.
Tarwaye calao. To use a sword.
Gnrio calao. To manure ; to take manure to
the fields.
Am bam le calaoediria. I am not dependent on
you.
Okoe ho babon le oalaoefkoa. "We give to no one.
Calao. The 4th ploughing of a field.
Calao guti. A game played by chil-
dren.
Calcalwa. Perplexed, occupied, dis-
traught, occupied with preparations
for a journey.
Calcalwa jokhe:em ehopkeda, oho alljomlen-
tama. You have raised this matter when
other matters are occupying the attention,
it can't be listened to.
Calcolon. Way of life, conduct, habits,
character.
NuiaK calcolon cetlekantaea ? What is^ his way
of Ufe like ?
Onka do alom calcolona . Do not conduct your-
self in that way.
Calcul. Separating, breaking up, as an
assembly.
C^lcul somoe hoeena. The time to separate has
come.
Ctili. Custom, wont, usage.
Ar acaK ceili leka arho3 lai ceta^koa. And as he
was wont he taught them again.
Calia. A game played by children.
Calit. Customary, ordinary, current.
Noa pg.ila c^litgea. This measure is current.
Calka. A species of fish inhabiting
rivers.
Cama.
Camacakar
Camacako.
Camar.
Camkar,
The Black and white
Hornbill, and the Grey
Hornbill. (For scien-
tific names see Dhand-
sar.)
Camac. A spoon.
Camaota
[ 88 ]
Cand bagar
^* ^ ■ ' i A sti'ap or strip of raw hide.
Campta. j r r
Cainar. A Hindu caste who deal in
hides, and make shoes.
Camar. Cf. cama.
s- Quickly, hurriedly.
Cam cam.
Cham cham j
Camda. ") A booth, a temporary erect-
Chamda. J ion to accommodate guests,
or for any other purpose.
Perako heeena, ma cam^a AoKakome. The guests
have come erect a little shelter for them.
• To float on the surface.
Camdhul. ")
Camdul. J
Sanam kat c9.mdulena All the timber is floating.
Utu dherpe oamdulkeda. You have put too
much water in the utu (you have drowned
the miller.)
Pgini (Juba o|.m(Jul baraekanae. The pani dub^
(q. V.) is floating about on the water.
Camek bai. ") Spasms with uncon-
Comok bai. ) sciousness, convulsive
twitching.
Uni do comok bai Ilamkedea. He has been seiz-
ed with spasms. (Said to young people
when sooldmg.)
Camkao. To flash, gleam, shine, glitter ;
to be startled, to start from fear
or surprize.
Camkao beret'enae. He rose with a start.
Camkar. Cf cama.
Camkau. C£ camkao.
Camke. To lie in wait, as a beast of
prey ; to be infested with wild
beasts. Cf. canke.
^ ■ , ■ Y The cow tick.
Camokan. J
Campa. A name mentioned in the tra-
ditions of the Santals.
Campa baha. A common perennial
small shrub having large yellow
or red flowers, Ockiia squarosa,
Linn.
Camphel. ") Level and broad, as a stretch
Campel. J of ground on the bank
of a river ; smooth, unruffled, as
shallow water.
Campta. A strap, or strip of raw hide-
Camptahi. Having an insufficient sup-
ply of milk for her offspring.
Campur. Made up, concocted ; yarn-
ing, joking.
Campur katha alom rora. Do not tell a con-
cocted story.
A(Ji campur hor kanae. He is a great yarning
fellow (or a great joker.)
Camria. A skin disease, in which the
cuticle peels off".
Camta. A strap of raw hide.
Camuk. A whip, a scourge.
Cadcir. The Titlark, Corrydalla
rufula.
Ga^a cgilicir. The wagtail, Motacilla luzon-
iensis,
Cand. Necessary, urgent, hurriedly,
quickly, firmly.
A(Ji can^akawadiiia. It was very necessary to
me.
Aiji cand kami lagaoadiAa. I have a piece of
very urgent work on hand.
441 canijteye oalaoena. He left very hurriedly.
Teiigo caniJoKme, alom pacoKa. Keep your
ground, do not give way.
4.di can^okkanae. He is hurrying.
Lebei can<J Aogme. Put your foot down a little
more firmly.
Can cun. ") To complete, to exhaust ;
Chad chun. J completely, altogether.
Caii cuiiko thir gofona. They became com-
pletely still.
Laiju do oaii cuiiko jomkeda. They eat up all
the sweetmeats.
Call cniikedale. We finished it completely.
Cauda. A subscription, a contribution.
Cauda uthau. To collect subscriptions.
Cauda candi. To hurry, to expedite ;
hurriedly, quickly, flustered.
Canda C9.n4i hodme. Be quick, be expeditious.
44i canija candi menaklea. We are in a great
bustle.
Candaki. To be in a hurry, to haste ;
quickly, hurriedly, rapidly, expe-
ditiously.
4di can^akire menaKlea. We are in a great
bustle.
Candal. Vicious, licentious, wicked,
mischievous.
A(Ji canijal hor kanae. He is a very vicious
man.
A(Ji candal gidra kanae. He is a very mischiev-
ous child.
Candan.) Sandal wood; the heart wood
Condon.J of a small evergreen tree,
Santalum album, Linn., in use all
over India for religious purposes.
Candar gahi. A variety of the rice
plant.
Cand bagar. Many coloured, variegated.
Bogeteko aiudurkedea, cand bagar.
Candbol
[ 89 ]
Capae cupui
■ A tail.
Candbol. ")
Candlom. j
Canijlbol ipil. A oomet.
Candi. The forehead.
Candiau. To tether an animal, fix a
word in witing, lodge a complaint'
give information to a police officer;
to tether, to tie.
Nui g9,i darere o»ndi?iukaeiiie. Tether this cow
to the tree.
Candkilom. The tail of a pig or goat
given to the herd boy ; pice given
to the herd boy in lieu Of the tail.
Besokodte gupikom oan^kilomle emama.
Candla. M.\ Having a white spot on
Candli. F. J forehead, as a cow, horse,
&c.
Candlom. A tail.
Candni. A cultivated pot-herb.
Candoro. "1 Licentious, flirting, applied
Candro. J only to women.
Cando. The sun or moon ; a month.
Siii cando. The sun.
Nind^ cando. The mOon.
Cando gahnaKkanae. There is an eclipse of the
sun in process.
Bar cando tayom. Two moons hence, or two
months hence.
Canduc. ") Quickly, instantly,
Canduc canduc. j hurriedly, rapidly ;
bustling.
C^n(Ju6 c?indu6 okatepe oalaKkana? Where are
you going so hurriedly.
C^n^luc menteye donkeda. ' He sprang up.
Can. Why, wherefore. C£ calj.
Can can. Wide apart, straddling, wide,
as an open door.
Can cane tan<Jaaka£a. He is standing with his
feet wide apart.
P ■ I Forked, branching off, bifur-
n .°^ 'I cated.
Cangre.j
Hor do ona Diku ato then caiigaakana. The
road bifurcates at that Hindu village.
Ona katha do adi cangaRtalea. That matter
will lead to many others.
Cahgre {henem jir^uKa. You can rest at the
fork (of the tree.)
Cauga cangi. Forked, branching off.
Cahga caiigiedape, noa katha do.
Caiiga cahgi kathako roretgia.
Cangra. M.lHaving more than the us-
Cahgri. F. j ual number of fingers.
12
Canke.l To raven, lying in wait for prey,
Canke.J as a tiger; infested with
wild beasts, as a jungle ; always
on the alert for prey, as a tiger ; .
ravenous, fierce, furious.
Kul do oankeakanae. The tiger is on the alert
for prey.
Ona atote alope calalfa, duk cahkoakaua. Do
not go to that village, disease is prevalent.
Canmahgao. Impatient, rustless, ex-
cited ; on pins and needles, fid-
getty.
Caoao. To ferment.
Hg.n(^i caoaoUa, hormohS caoaoKgea.
Caoar. The long hairs in the tail of
a horse or cow.
Nui sadom do khube caoarana. This horse has
a very long tail.
K?.pil gai caoar. A fly flisk.
Candher. Luxuriantly ; to grow lux-
uriantly, as grass, grain, &c.
Ghas candherakana, onte do. The grass is
luxui'iant there.
Bes candherakana. Has grown luxuriantly.
Candro. Wanton, applied to young
women.
Caole. Husked grain of several kinds,
but more particularly that of rice '
to husk grain.
Horo caole. Husked rice.
Bajra caole.
Jauhe caole.
Jondra caole.
Gundli caole.
Iri caole.
Erba caole.
Layo caole.
Jao caole.
Gohum caole.
Mat caole.
bajra (q. v.)
janhe (q. v.)
Indian corn.
gundli (q. v.)
iri (q. v.)
erba (q. v.)
layo (q. v.)
barley.
wheat.
seed of the bamboo.
Caole ghure.
Caole ghuraea. [-A species of fish.
Caole ghura.
Caom^rao. To spread quickly, as news.
Oaomaraoena, oho oko darelena. The new
has spread it can't be hushed up.
Cao marte. \ Quickly in very short
Cao mente.j time.
Cao marte pasnaoena. The news spread at once.
Caowar. The long hairs of the tail of
the cow or horse.
Capae cupui. Pressing the feet down
alternately, as when working a
treddle.
Capakia bare
[ 90 ]
Cara dann
Capakia bare. A species of fig tree,
Ficu8 tomentosa, mentioned in
the traditions of the Santala.
Capal. Reciprocal form of cal (q. v.)
Capao. To place one thing above an-
other, to pile up, to increase, to
encroach upon.
Bar to-Is^ako capaoaUlea. They increased the
demand on us by two rupees.
A(ili sahginte simali capao aderkeda. I advan-
ced my boundary to a great distance
Capar. To be possessed, as by a spirit.
Boii^^a capar. To be possessed of a devil.
B?ii capar. To be seized with convulsions, to be
angry.
Pit capar. To be angry.
Ca^^adok ^'^° ^^-^row; to be thrown.
Capa£ riam. To hit by throwing something.
Poesao capa£adina. He threw pice to me.
Jahgaii capat' rapui^kedea. I threw (a stone)
and broke his leg.
Dhiriteii capa^ liamkedea. I threw a stone and
hit him.
Capcapa. Wide spreading, extended.
Dereii capcapagetakoa.
Capchamda. \ A booth, a temporary
Chapchamda. J shelter.
Cap cup. Quiet, lulled, still.
Cape. \ To float, to flood, to over-
Caple. J whelm.
Botorteii capeena. I am overwhelmed by fear.
ChapeXipe.}^^°^"^*ly'q^^^''*ly-
Cape cupekoKpo. Bo secret (do not blab.)
Capel. 1 To rise and fall, as water
Cepol. / without breaking into wa-
ves ; moving, as a large exjjanse of
water.
Caple. To float on the surface.
Sunum daK cetanre capleKa. Oil floats on the
surface of water.
Capo. To lay the hand on, to touch, to
lean on the hand.
Johae capoakana. He rests his cheek on his
hand.
Gidr9.e capoket'koa. He laid his hands on the
children.
Capo capo. To move by usmg the
hands as a suj^port.
Capo capote odokoKkanae. He comes out us-
ing his hands as a support, (on all fours.)
Cajjo capo. Ciy of the HajDuk, or Night
jar, Gd'primtdgus monticolus.
Capo joro. An extra share given to
the jaerson who kills an animal at
a hunt, which he gives to those
of his own village who were de-
tained at home, or a share given to
one who comes up when the animal
is being cut up.
Capos capos. Unpalatable, badly cooked.
Capos capos atkaroKkana. It is unpalatable.
Capos capos. Sound of bellows when
being blown.
Capos capos sadekana.
Capol To seize prey by springing on
it, as a tiger ; to seize and devour.
Kul doe capot'kedea. The tiger sprang upon
and seized him.
Capol A small jungle plant so named.
Capot cajDot. "j The sound produced by
Capot capot. j- the left hand stroke
Copot copot. j on a drum, which is
softer than that produced by the
right ; alternately soft and loud.
Capot siris. A large forest timber tree,
Dalhergia lanceolaria, Linn.
Capra. Flat, broad.
Cajjra. A cockroach.
Capras. A badge.
Caprasi. A person wearing a capras,
a messenger, a peon.
Capri. A small beetle.
Capua. Bellows used by blacksmiths
and iron smelters.
Car. Time.
Mit carko ^cura, mif gidrg.khan.
Car. A custom, customary, use and
wont ; to institute.
Musae carakat leka amalr sapha reaK samaiime.
Offer for thy cleansing according as Moses
commanded.
Car. Four, employed to signify all,
the whole.
Cgir pirthimi. The whole round earth.
Cara. A young plant, a seedling.
Ca cara. A seedling of the tea plant.
Cara. ") -r-,
Cari. 1^°^'^
Cara danra. j Cattle taken to a distance
Cari gai. j to graze and not brought
home at night.
rage, fodder, food, bait.
Carap cavap
[ 91 ]
Cari
snapping, or
Carap carap. To reply testily or snap-
j)ishly, to speak back.
Carap oafape rofeda. He is apealdng back.
Carat. \ Sound of
Carat carat. J slapping.
Jote carat oaratkin topalS got'keda. They broke
the yoke thong with a snap.
Carat mentepe dalkedea.
Carat^ carat. ") Scorching, burning,
Carat' capat'. J smarting.
Aii eetoiikana, oara£ capat'. The sun's rays are
scorching.
Carcao. To go and investigate, to en-
quire into, to spread, as a rumour
or news.
Caicao 9<!urakadal5. I went and investigated
it all round.
Auritege carcao g,curkedae. He spread the rum-
our without cause.
Carcapar. lox- •
" " -^ • buinguig, smartmg, aggra-
vating, exasperating, in-
sulting, violent.
Carcare setoheda. The heat is unbearable.
Car care roreda. He speaks aggravatingly.
Carcar. "1 Noise of scratching, as by
■Car carao. / a pen on paper ; tearing
of cloth, rending of a branch, &c.
Carcari. A_ scourge.
This scourge is made of baokom (q. v.) and is
employed to drive the spirit out of one who
has been possessed for divining purposes.
A blow is given on each wrist, and if that
does not suffice he is struck again heavily
on each ankle.
Cardak burdak.
Their quarrel is
stir up, ex-
Carcapor.
Car car.
Carcari.
In patches, here and
there, some parts thick and others
thin, a.s grain unequally germina-
ted ; rough, uneven,
Gofa hormore cardaR burdaK ghao menaKtaea.
He has sores here and there all over his body.
Cardatt burdaK fufi gadaakata, arel do. The
hail has dented the ground here and there.
Carec. A pin of wood, or a thorn, with
which leaves are pinned together
to make plates, cups, &c., any piece
of wood resembling a pin ; a tooth
pick.
Ata caree. 7 ri* j.
AKtacare6. j Cf. ata.
Cared peteekedale. We brought the marriage
negotiations to an end.
Carec susurban. A species of wasp.
Care kisni. The pied starling, Sturno-
pastor contra.
Cargudia. A kind of fishing net.
Carha. More.
Carha carhi. Increasingly, to get hotter
or more bittei- ns a quarrel.
Carha carliikin ropoykana. '
getting hotter.
Carhao. To ii-ritate, vex,
asperate.
Sohraero darira khnntl.ukateko carhaokoa, ro-
roKa mente. During the Sohrae (q. v.)
they tie bullocks to posts, and then irritate
them to make them ohai'ge.
Carhao. To raise, to advance, to cock,
as a gun ; to brace, as a drum ; to
make an offering, or sacrifice.
AK oarhaome. String the bow.
Setohre cayhaokalime tamak do. Brace the
drum by putting it in the sun.
Alom jotet; baraea, noa banduk doko carhao-
akat'a. Do not handle the gun it is cocked.
Horre carhao got'kaeme. Put him on the right
road.
Karam dahare 9.(Ji hofko carhaoa. Very many
people present offerings at Karamdaha (a
Hindu shrine).
Carhaote laga acurem.
Botor carhaoafkoa. Fear took hold of them.
Bis carhao gofona. The poison spread (thro'
the body) at once.
Carhat! corhot'. \ To shuffle, to drag
Cirhot corhot'. J the feet ; sound of
shuffling,
Carhaf corhot'em tarameda. Tou go shufiBing
along.
Carhi. A mane.
Carhi. To twist a third strand into a
rope.
Baberko carhia. They twist a third strand into
the rope.
p„ • , .' ^To abound, to increase ; more.
Okare kgii carhiena, ondege s?ihai asambherge
<Jherena. Where sin abounded, there did
grace abound more exceedingly.
Carhiau. To incite, instigate, set on,
egg on, hound on.
L9.i carhiauakadeako, ruhef oooii lagii.
Cari. "1 Cattle taken to a distance to
Cara. J graze, and not brought home
at night. C£ cara danra.
Okoe ren c?ri gaiko hedakana.
Cari. Food, fodder, bait.
Cereko carikoa. They lay bait for birds.
Iii eskar geko cari otoakadi/ia. They have left
me here alone (as if bait for a tiger.
Cari. A " lean to" roof a verandah, a
small house made by resting the
roof on the wall of another house ;
a temporary shelter when engaged
watching crops.
Uniye c?riakat'a mili cal.
Cariau
[ 92 ]
Catna
Cariau. "| To incite, instigate, egg on,
Carhiau.J set on, hound on.
Siblau o9.rianket'l£oako. They put them up to it.
Caric. ITo graze, to shave, to
Caric caric. J glance off.
Cariokedeari. I just gfrazed it.
Caria caridteli tuA riamkedea. I shot at but
just grazed it (with an arrow.)
Cario dig.
Cario kon.
Cario kond.
Cario k5r.
The four quarters of the
heavens ; all round,
everywhere.
Carkha. A spinning wheel.
Carkha lekan sikric. A mosquito like a spin-
ning- wheel.
Amalt carkha sunumatam. Oil your own spin-
ning wheel (mind your own business.)
Carkhi. A machine used to separate
the seeds from the cotton.
Carnao. To flog, to whip, to lash.
Carnao ol. A wale. '
XJnialc carnao oltegepe bogeena. By his stripes
ye are healed.
Caro. A system of hiring cattle for ag-
ricultural purposes by the year.
Carote daiiraA hataoakadea. I have hired a
bullock for the (agricultural) year.
Caroko baisaukoa. They let them on hire
(plough cattle) by the year.
Carorin. A red and black beetle which
eats flowers.
Car5t. "I
Corat. }- Pasture for cattle.
Cor5t. j
Sedaere amela carottahekantalea. In the olden
times we had abundant pasture for our
cattle.
A large forest tree.
Car sira.
Caruk caruk. Sound of plumping in-
to water.
Eote caruk caruJiko dona.
Carwahi. Pay of a shepherd.
Cas 1
Casbas. f CJ^ltivation ; growing crops.
Casedale. We cultivate (for a living.)
Cas bari. A farm, an agricultural holding.
Cacasic. A husbandman.
Casa. A husbandman, a farmer.
Cat. ) The tw-elfth Hindu month.
Chat. / March-April.
Cata. A bamboo mat, used as a cov-
ering for a cart, also spread on
the bottom of cart when manure
is being carted to the fields.
- A massive flat stone or rock.
Catiji. A panchayat, a meeting.
Barpe cataireli duruplena.
Catak. "I A measure, both liquid and
Cotak. J dry, about two ounces.
Cafan. ")
Catani. j '
Catak mente. Quickly, instantly.
Catao. To lick, to eat.
Bam kgimilekban, oetem oafaoa P If you do not
work what will you eat P
Hecakanam nit do, cet'em cataoa ? Tou have
only now come, what will you get to eat ?
Cat cat. Dry, jDarched, as the lips of
a person suffering from fever ;
cracked.
Sunum ban ojolflekhan do hormo oat oat
9.ikg.uKa.
Cat catao. Cracking or wrenching
soi;nd, as when a branch is being
broken.
Catia. A disciple, a pupil.
Catiar. C£ chatiar.
Catic. To scale off, to come off in
flakes ; to open as the pods of
leguminous plants when ripe, and
the seed fall out.
Catiau. To imitate, to have authority
over, to discipline, to accustom,
as bullocks to carry a load; to
break in.
Boiigakori catiaukoa.
PanraA catiaukoa. I will break in the bullocks
to carry a load.
Catkan. " \
Catkani. iQuick, industrious, hard
Chatkan. j working.
Chatkani j
Catkanite kamime. Work fast.
Khub c9.tkani menaea. He is very industrious.
Catkao. To break half through, to
crack, to sjjlinter.
Gaiil dalledete theiiga catkaoentilia. My stick
is cracked by striking the oow.
Catki. A kind of sandal.
Caitki panahi. Slippers.
Cat marte. • Instantly, immediately,
quickly.
Catna. M. \ Living at the expense of
Catni. F. / others, going about from
house to house in search of food.
Cele catna kanam.
Cato
[ 93 ]
Ciiya
Cato. To be startled, stunned, faint,
dizzy.
Nelte cato lioKenao. Ho was somewhat start-
led by the sight.
Hormo oatoentina botorte.
Catoli catol?. Sound as of a dog lap-
ping.
Catom. A bamboo umbrella, an um-
brella.
Catom oral? . A house with a pavilion roof,
which resembles a cliatom in outline.
Catom arak. A small plant common
everywhere, Marsilia quadrifo-
lia,Linn.
The leaves of this plant are used as a pot herb.
Catpat. Quickly, without delay.
Catpat isin hodme. Get the cooliing done
quickly.
Catpatao. ")To be restless, fidgetty,
Chatpatao. J agitated, flustered ; to
writhe.
Ente noa joloR sehgelreli catpataoKkana. For
I am tormented in this flame.
Catra, M. ") Horns projecting at a right
Catri. F. J angle from the head.
Catti. A stage on a road where there
is a bazaar, where travellers pass
Catua. ^ the night.
Catui. T • . , ,, e
-r,- ■ , Living at the expense oi
Jb'or cata. ^ . i ° ^
-r, ; others.
For catua.
For catui.
Per cata hor kanae. He is always dining out.
Catur. Clever, shrewd, scheming.
Catur. The whole, all, all round.
C?.tur sima. The whole boimdary.
Cg-tur dig. In all directions.
Cauchal. A babbler.
Cauchalia. Acrimonious, caustic, ven-
omous, malicious.
Nui do adi o9.uchali9.e rofa. This person speaks
maliciously.
Caudal. A kind of palankin, or sedan
chair.
Adi moilj caudal leka dareakana. It has grown
very prettily, in shape like a caudal.
Caudal. To outcaste for social delin-
quencies ; a mock ' caudal ' with
two leaves jDinned into peculiar
shapes representing a bride and
bridegroom carried in procession
to notify that certain persons have
been outcasted.
Sohrae caudal. An ornamental mimic roof
resemblinpf that of a ' crucial' (q. v.) [ilaeod
on the top of the post to which a bullock is
tied at a certain stage of the celebration of
the Sohrae (q. v.) festival.
Cauhari. The check.
Ca.uh9.ri baiiaauentaea. He has, lockjaw.
Cauka. A measure of earthwork.
The 'c9.uk a' is generally a square containing
one hundred cubic feet.
Caukan. A plain, a maidan.
Caukatha. A door or window frame.
Caukau. Terrified off, frightened away,
to stray, to wander.
Oka birte con uni g^i doe caukauena. The cow
has strayed away to some jungle or ano-
ther.
Caulia. A common flowering plant,
Riiellia suffruticosa, Roxb.
The root of this plant is one of the ingredients
employed to cause fermentation in the
manufacture of handi (q. v.) or rice beer.
Caupala. A kind of palankin.
Caupohor. The four watches.
Caupohor din. All day, the live long day.
Caupohor rat. All night, the whole night.
Cauri F [.^^"^''"g th® long hairs in the
f^: ■ ■ I tail more or less white.
Cauria. J
Cauri g^i kanae. The cow has white hairs in
its tail.
Caura dahra kanae. The ox has white hairs in
its tail.
Cauria bak. A species of paddy bird.
Cauria hon. A species of field rat.
This species of rat has long white hairs on the
end of the tail hke a cow.
Caurid.
Cauric.
Cauric arak. A common plant. Lobelia
trigona, Roxb.
The leaves of this plant are used as a pot-herb.
Cauthol. Level, even.
Cawaok. To ferment, to be distressed,
to froth.
Paur?. cawaoena. The liquor has fermented.
NahaK do disom ren hor rehgecteko cawaoena.
At present the people of the land are distres-
sed through want of food.
Cawar. Hairy, hirsute.
Adi cawar hor kanae. He is a very hairy man.
Caya. A stinking, flying bug, said to
leave a smell on grain on which
it may alight.
Disom do cayaen hutiena, alope darana. Evil
is abroad, do not go about.
^6. \ A plait of the long hairs from
id. J the tail of the horse or cow
Cec
[ 94 ]
Cele6
Cec. Squeal of some animals, or call
of some kinds of birds.
Cecg. Squeaking, of animals, birds, or
children.
CedaK nitoK do gidrape ce ce oeoedekana?
Cecha. A torch, employed principally
to catch birds or fish at night.
^1 1 ■ ■ Disobedient, unruly, mis-
Ohechor. y , ■ ' ■ , •''
p ■ chievous, tricky.
Cg c5. Squeaking, of both children
and young animals.
Cedak. To do, used generally when
fault finding.
Ce^em cedalckan tahekana? What were you
doing? Dakail jojomkan tahekana. What
were you doing" P I was eating my rice.
Cedak. Why, wherefore.
Cedalipe heeakanap Why have you come?
Cedakje. Because, fir.
Badaegeali, cedal^je uni oralcteil senlena. I
know because I went to his house.
Cede. 1
Cedea. ' Bald on the crown of the head,
Cedga. I of men.
Cedra. _
Cedre. To turn up, as the edge of a
knife made of soft steel, or as the
end of a walking stick.
Eama cedreKa. The nail (of the toe) will be
reflexed (by coming in contact with some-
thing.)
Binthi cedreena. The edge of the knife has tur-
ned back.
Cedro. "I
Cedro bedro. -o i • ^ iv
fi -I 1 ^Kough, uneven, m tuits.
Cedro cedro. |
Cedro pedro. j
Noa ghas cedroena. This grass is of unequal
height (having been unequally eaten by
cattle.)
Cedro oedroye hoyoena. He has not been
shaved clean.
Cehao. To warn, to be conscious, to
be circumspect, to be cautious, to
be on the alert.
Kukmute Isor thene cehaoente. Being warned
of God in a dream.
Cehel cepel. Flowing in full flood, a
large expanse of flowing water ;
brimful, overflowing.
Ceher bedec. "1 Noise made when sift-
Ceher petec. J ing with the hatali (q. v.)
Ceher poted caolcko rcl o(Joka.
Cehra. 1 Countenance, expression of
CeheraJ face, good healthy looking, heal-
thy body or mind, as indicated by
the expression of the face.
Cehra bginuKtaea, mulinenae. He has lost his
good looks, he is sad.
Cehra do bae lielolf kana. He is not looking well.
(he may be suffering in mind or body.)
CSlc. ") Squeal of some animals, or call
Cgc. J of some kinds of birds.
Ceka. What to do, what to happen.
Cetem cekaiia P What will you do to me ?
Cetill cekaKap What will happen to me ?
Cekakkan coe. What is ailing him.
Cet ho bako cekaea. They will do nothing.
Cele cekakkanae ? What is happening to some
one?
Okoeye cekaKkanaP What is happening to
whom?
Ceka leka. Like what, like how, in
what way.
Ceka lekaii oohko. I do not know what they
may do to me.
Cekan. What sort.
Cekan disom con.
Cekange con.
Cekan lekan. Of what sort, like what.
Cekan lekan hor kau coe. I do not know what
kind of a man he is.
Cekate. How, in what manner, why.
Cekate unkin manwalili asulkina ? How shall
we supply the necessaries of life to these
two human beings P
Cekate hale ban ologoKa P Why wUl it not
write (or be written P )
Cela. A disciple, a pupil.
Celaketkoaii. I made them disciples.
Celan. An earthen cooking pot.
Tukuo celaii. Pots and pans.
Celcekec.\Shallow, flat ; land formed
Celcetec. J by silt.
Cele. Who, what (animate) ; perhaps,
possibly; I presume (asking a
question), is it so ?
CeleaeaP Who is hep What is his name?
Cele banae ? Kul. What is it ? A tiger.
Cele, arho pase tayom daram botor menaK p Is
it so, perhaps there is fear for the future ?
Ill do inalc dinge cele ser tahekantdlla. Possibly
food was allotted to me for that number of
days, (duration of Ufa fixed.)
Cele, daka utu hoeena, se bah P Is the food
cooked, or is it not yet (cooked) P
CelelibenaokoaP What beings shall I make pen
Cele cebatem cekaenaP How did what hap?
to you ?
CeleK coe hapen bail badaeoKkana. It is not
known what it may turn out (whether a
cock or a hen.)
Celec. Who, what.
Ill celee hor metrege bail sahoplena onatiii goo-
ena. I could not be contained in the eyes
of some one, and so I died.
Celhc
[ 95 ]
Ciika bhorka
Celhe. To cast longing eyos on, to
look at covetingly.
Men, hiin(J^re oelheefpea. Look out, the wolf
has his eye upon you.
Celko melko. Wanton, flirting, smart,
putting on airs to attract the at-
tention of the opposite sex ; ap-
lied only to females.
Nui kuri do cedaKe celko melko baraokanae?
Why does this girl go flirting about P
Cemal To be proficient, to master
anything, such as carpentery, dan-
cing, &c.
Khub cematakafae. He has mastered it (dan-
cing) very well.
Cemcerem. Full, brimful.
Dak do gota pukhii cemoerem pered go^ena.
The tank was at once filled to the brim with
water.
Cemdeil. Cf cended.
Cemen. A mongoose.
Cemer cemer. Quickly.
Cemkec. Tidy, clean, trim, preposses-
sing, of young women only.
Cemor. "J Applied to timbers that
Cimor. j do not readily split ; hard,
ductile.
Noa kat Scli cemora. This timber is difficult
to split.
Cempot. A miser, a hoarder.
Maraii cempot kanae. He is a great miser.
Cedced. Over salted.
Cefleka bape utuke<? bg.ridpe ceAoeiikef do.
How have you cooked the utn? (q. t.) you
have made it very salt.
JahakhoniA hijuKa, adoe eger dararaiila ceii cen.
Come from where I may she meets one with
her over salted tongue.
Cedcenaok. C£ chenchenaok.
Cendakora. A lad about fifteen or six-
teen years of age, a hobbledehoy.
Cenden. Bare, as a foot path, or as
ban-en soil on which nothing grows.
Cen bai.
Cenge bai.
Cenghi bai.
Chengha bai.
Chenghe bai.
Cenga patha.
stomach.
Colic.
Colicky pain in the
Cengel ~(Cf. nam cengel;, and rium
Cengol J cengel
Ceoceo. Cf. ceren.
Ccpa. A piocc of turf.
Cepe. Flat, flattened.
Cepe mu. Plat-nosed.
Cejied. ) To suck, as one does an or-
Copod. J ange.
Gidr?i,ri cepedadea. I gave it to the child to
suck.
Chuchi theiigarc gutukateye cepedadea. He
put it on a reed and put it to his lips.
Ceperec. Cf cored.
Cepra. ")
Cepre. J-Flat, flattened.
Ceprot. J
Ten cepreena. It is crushed flat.
LaK cepraeme. Cut it flat.
Cepre. A kind of earring.
Cepre. Flat-nosed, flat flattened.
Ceprec. Pug-nosed, flat-nosed.
Cepre muc. A species of ant.
Ceprot. Flat, flatteued.
Ceprot mu. Pug-nosed.
Cera cera. Hard, firm, in large masses.
Jontiira cera cerako dakaea. They cook the In-
dian com into lumps.
Cerca. Undersized, stunted, small.
Cerceted. Sparks to fly, as when thorus
are burning, or when iron at
white heat is hammered.
Terel sahan tihgilekhan cercetejoKa. If terel
(q. V.) is put on the fire sparks will fly out.
Cercotec. A lizard.
Cerda cerda. Hard, firm, in large
masses.
Kuila cerda cerda liuroKkana. The coal falls
down in large masses (having been under-
mined.)
CSrg.. A bird.
Cere ciprnt. Birds in general.
Cored. To amuse a child.
CerejoE kanae. He is amusing himself.
Cerem cerem. Brimful.
Cered. ") Shrill, discordant scor-
Ceren ceren.- J ching, as the sun's rays.
Eereli (q. v.) cereri cerelie raKeda. The call of
the rereli is shrill.
Cereli oereAe setoiieda. The sun's rays are
scorchiug.
Cerka bherka. Idling, not attending
to one's duty (applied to children) ;
spotted.
Ceiem cerka bherka baraekana ? What are you
doing when you should be minding your
work?
Cerkoli
[ 96 ]
Cewali
}
To dress the hair.
Cerkol
CSrkoii.
Nakic cerkotienae. Sliehas dressed her hair by
combing.
Cerkot cerkol The call of the Kokoi',
Ephialtes pennatiis, the Scops
owlet.
Cciro. Sun grass, Imperata arun-
dinacea, Cyr.
Cerobero. To twitter, as birds ; applied
also to the chatter of children.
Cerobero kisniko raga.
Certha.1 Refreshed, to be in good con-
Cetha. J dition physically ; convales-
cent.
Pahra doe cethaena. The ox has recovered his
condition.
Cesta. ") To attempt, endeavour, apply
'}■
Testa. / oneself to, search, seek.
Cei ho bam cestaabon kana, jomalc banuKanaii.
Tou are making no endeavoiirs for us, there
is no food.
Cei. To learn, to teach.
Cepe^. To consixlt together.
Cet._ What.
Ce^ ho bah. Nothing at all.
Get cet'. Whether or.
Ci^r. } ^is^^'^y^ niggardly.
Cetalc. To slap.
Cetalcmeail nahaK. I shall give you a slap
anon.
Cetame, What, how.
Cetame emoKae, banuKtaekhan P What will he
give you if he has nothing ?
Cetan. Upjoer, above, on, concerning.
Cetan liutum. A nickname, a by name.
Noa kathacetanregemenaKtakoa. They are al-
ways speaking about this matter.
Daka cetanreii asulkedea. I brought him up
plentifully supplying all his wants, (he was
reared on the top of boiled rice, i. e. he
had not to seek it.)
Taka poesa cetanreko senakana. They have
gone to where money can oe had.
Cetao. To warn, to regain conscious-
ness.
Unkinkin cetaoenkhan lahta laiitikin oromente
ai^i lajaokin ^-ik^-ukeda. When they regain-
ed consciousness and knew that they were
naked they were greatly ashamed.
Cetaona. Warning.
Citlr'l'^^^^®^*^^' ^'^^^^^' niggardly.
Cetat' 1 ^^^* *^'^^^ something.
Cetat'e liamkana, nui doe liururi tiuruiioKkan ?
Cetal; ho bail. Nothing at all, beneath one's
notice.
Noa kami ceta€ ho ban kana. This work is not
billing.
Cetat ho bail jut^uadilia. I got nothing at all.
Get ceret ceprel Call of the black
partridge, Mundhati citri (q. v.)
Get cet. Sound of cracking, or rend-
ing.
Get cetalfkana. It is cracking.
Cete cete. ") Talkative, always putting
Ete cete, J in one's word.
Alo sem ce^e cete baraea. Do not keep putting
in your word.
Cete. Sparks, as from thorns when
burning.
Cete ce^e ofec pasiroKkana, terel sahan do.
Sparks fly about from terel (q. v.) firewood.
Cete. A lizard.
Ceter. A thunder bolt.
Ce^er dhiri. An aerolite.
Dare but^ire alope umuloKa, oetere Aura. Do
not take shelter underneath a tree, it may
be struck by lightning.
Cete rote. ") mi ^ r
ri : ■ ^ ihe tree irog.
Ceter rote. J °
Cethrec.
Get'Ieka.
A rag.
4di cefargeae, bae emoKa.
he won't give.
He is very miserly
How, as, in what manner.
f ?.niji realf sikiom baha aribandhipe, cetleka
harakkana. Consider the lillies of the field
how they grow.
Kul cet lekae dareana, hor onka do bail. Men
have not the strength of tigers.
Get lekan. What kind ; what sort.
Nui do ce1:lekan hor kan coe, ona do ohoA men
darolea. I cannot say what sort of a man
this is.
Cet lekan ita coe aguadiil, erkedaii, ado bail
omonlena. I can't say what sort of seed
he brought, I sowed it, and it did not germin-
ate.
Get lekate. How, in what manner.
Cetlekatem paromena, ma se laiaA me. Tell
me how you crossed.
Hi do bail bujLau dareakkana, ce{ lekate com
thikket'.
Gewak. To chop or break, to cut
through by chopping.
Cewak gotkam. Chop it oif .
Gewak. "I To do, used when finding
Cedak. J fault.
Cetem cewakkana? What are you doing?
Okarem cewakkan tahekana? Where, and in
what mischief were you ?
Ccwed
[ 97 V
Chakao
Cewe6. To break, to snap.
P^r ooweo got'ena. The branch snapped.
Kathako oovveokeda. They put an end to the
matter.
Cha. Tea. Cf. ca.
Chaba. To print, to stamp.
Chabha. A small earthen ware pot.
Chabi. A picture, a likeness.
tear ; to tear into
The
ChachaU.\To break
Chackak. J shreds, or tatters
Noa dare reatt sakam ohachaK cabaena.
leaves of this tree are in tatters.
Sakam ijati ohaohalfkedae arelte. The hail
struck and broke the leaves into pieces.
Kiorioem chachakeda. You are tearing the
cloth.
Chad. \ Allowable, permissable, not for-
Char. J bidden, free, exempt.
Enijekhan hoponko doko ohadgea. Then are
the children exempt.
OnkoaK chaij ho cabaena. Their license also
has expired.
Eu^icre ohadgea. There is an exemption
during illness.
Chada. \ Exempting, omitting, be-
Chadakate. J side.
Noako joto chada. Besiiie all these.
Elak oha^la. Free, exempt.
Chada chadi. To separate, as a hus-
band and wife.
Chadu^. A husband separated from his wife.
Chadwi. A wife separated from her husband.
Chadakate. Exempting, omitting, be-
side.
Chada mela. Sometimes, at times,
by fits and starts, now and then.
Chada melaii parhaoKa. I go sometimes to
school.
Chadao. To deliver, set free, let go,
separate, remove.
ChaK d ao dam . A ransom .
Bae chadaoKa. He will not let go (will not be
shaken off.)
Chadaodi. Solatium, or damages paid
by the party in fault to the other
on a divorce.
Chadbid. Sometimes, at times, now
and then.
Chadbidiri joraoea. I yoke him now and
again.
Chadic. Instead of, in place of
Jaiiga cha^io rehefe geraka£a. Instead of the
foot he has bitten the root.
Chadua. ") A husband separated from
Chadwa. / his wife.
Chadui.\A wife separated from her
Chadwi. f husband.
Chaechae,}Q^^°l''y'^'^Pi'^'y-
Chae marte ailjo€ go^ena. It dried up quickly
Chae.lA place mentioned in the tra-
Cae. J ditions of the Santals.
Chae. Bad luck, unlucky, ill-starred.
Chae paraoadea. He is ill-starred.
UnaKe jomefroho bae motalikana ohaege pa-
raoaeKana. Although he eats so much he
does not get fat, he puts it into an ill skin.
Chae. Mischievous, tricky.
Chae mara gidr*. An imp of mischief.
Chae balae. ) ,,. ,,
Chai balai. | Miscellaneous.
Sarjom dobali maga, chae balaei6 maga.
I will not cut ' sarjom' trees, I will cut of all
other kinds.
Chae chae."! Hissing sound, as of escap-
Sae sae. J ing steam ; to sing, as a
kettle before boiling.
Chae chae. Quickly, rapidly. Cf chae.
Chaa chae aAjefgot'ena. It dried up quickly.
Chaela juan. A strong, well grown,
healthy youth.
Salo Matijhi, Salo Madihl, kaesana m^nus.
Salo Mg,lihi, Salo Mipnjhi chaela ju9.n.
Chai. 1 A-' i. r ^ J.-
pi ■ ■ J- JN ot ; a scoriilul negative.
Cbailedaii ilelledail. I did not see it.
Chaila. C£ chalia.
Chailak. A chip of wood, or shaving.
Baondae jokhec chatil^l^ chadauKa. When one
planes the shavings fly.
Chaili. A small tree, Morinda tinc-
toria, Roxb., the roots of which
yield a red dye.
Chakacun. ") To shatter to pieces, to
Chakacur. j shiver to atoms, to pul-
verise, to break.
Lebet ohakacimke^taeako. They trampled it
to pieces.
Eaput' chakacunena, noa bafi do. This ba^i
(q. v.) is broken into fragments.
Dal chakacxmkedae. He shivered it to atoms.
Chaka chun. ") In pieces, shivers, atoms;
Chiki chun. J to pulverise, to reduce
to powder. Cf chakacun.
Dal chakachunkedae. He shivered it to at-
oms.
Chaka chnnena. It is pulverised.
Chakao. To separate by straining, or
filtering.
Ape kara aljyurko do sikrio chakao giRdiko,
menkhan ut hoKhgorko. Ye blind guides
which strain out a gnat, but swallow a
camel.
13
Chali chaU
[ 98 ]
Chaplau
Chalt chaM. Guzzling, or gobbling
sound, as of a pig when eating.
Chakmaki. j ^ Ai^t.
Chakmakia. Spruce, well developed
in person, and good looking ; pre-
possesing.
Chakop. ") The noise made by smacking
Cakop. J the lips.
Chal. Skin, bark ; to skin.
Chala. Panniers.
Banrako chalaakoa. They put panniers on
biillocks.
Chala badla. A pack bullock.
Chalak chalak. Quickly, industriously.
Chalak chalake calal^kana.
Chalak chalake kamikana.
Chalak chandori. A lascivious woman ;
employing artifices to attract the
notice of the male sex.
Chalak chandori baraekanae,
Chalchalao. To be parted, as water by
the prow of a ship ; to skim along
the surface to, sweep on, as a river
in flood ; to go about without
purpose ; to cut through the water,
as fish.
Chalchalia. Strong, plump, healthy
looking child.
Gidra khub ohalchaliae lieloKa. The child looks
fine and healthy.
Chale. Scum rising to the surface of
any liquid.
Toa chale. Cream.
Chale. Cataract ; also applied to blind-
ness from corneal opacity.
Chale bais^uakawadea. He has cataract.
Chalia. A game played by children.
Thari daKre chalchalao chalkao calaKa. The
brass plate cuts the water aa it skims along.
Noa darhare hako chal chalao baraltako.
Tinalf dali? A^i chalchalao calaUkana. How
much water ? There is a flood.
Nui hor doe chalchalao baraea. This man goes
wandering about.
Chalkao. To pare, to skim ; obliquely.
Chalkaokateli dalea. I will strike him ob-
liquely.
Dak oetanre thari chalkao calao godoKa. The
thari (q. v.) will skim along the water.
Chamak. I To shew off, to
Chamakchamak. /attract notice.
Chamak. Tinkle, sound made by toe
rings when the wearer walks.
Chamak chamak khub sadea.
Chamar. A semi- Aboriginal caste who
deal in hides and make shoes.
Cham cham. Sound produced by toe
rings when the wearer walks.
Cham cham. Quickly, industriously.
Cham chame kamikana. He works well.
Chamda. A temporary erection made
to accommodate guests.
Chan. To vanish, to disap2Dear.
Unkin ^hen khone chan goiJena. He vanished
out of their sight.
Chan chan. ") Burning, stinging,
Chan chanao. J smarting, as pain.
Ghao chanchanaokkantaea. His wound smarts.
Chan chan haso. A stinging, or burning pain.
Chanda. To hobble a horse or cow.
Sadom laha jahgako chandakoa. They hobble
the fore legs of horses.
Chanda baber. A hobble.
Chan. A large sized cymbal.
Kortal. A small cymbal.
Chan chan. Tinkling ; to tinkle.
Chan charioKkan kortal lekaakanari. I am as
a tinkling cymbal.
Chani. To strain out, to intercept by
straining.
Gurtei; do phatiaKre chani tahena. The gur
will be intercepted and remain in the sieye.
Kicri6te*i chaniket'koa, hako do. I caught the
fish with cloth (the water strained through
and left the fish.)
Cha?a.}'^° P™*' *° '^'''-
Chapar dak. Saline water, of which
cattle are fond.
Chapar daK. Liquor, of which the Santals are
fond.
Chapilman. To flow, to overflow, to
flood, inundate.
Gai gofa ohapilmanako. The cows will spread
all over (the field.)
Chapilmanketlea. Attacked us all (fever, &c.)
Chapkao. To crouch, to keep out of
sight.
Chapkaote. Secretly, stealthily.
Kule chapkaoakana. The tiger is crouching.
Oka seo khon coil chapkao chapkaoteye heeena.
He came crouching from somewhere.
Chaplau. To overflow, to flood, to in-
undate.
Pohoko chaplau agueda. The locusts are flood-
ing (the country.)
Chapri
[ 99 ]
Chatri
Chapri. A hut, a roof.
Chai". Suddenly, at once.
Char mente gefenaJd. I was out instantly.
Char. A cattle pen, a sheep fold.
Mimit' gotedko ohara g?.i dohoko lagiC. They
each make a fold for the cattle.
pi ' ■ ' > Leave, license, a permit.
Soner maK lg,git'ko ohf!.raflea. They gave us a
permit to cut rafters.
Chara. Cf chada.
Charao. To spread, to increase, to
grow larger.
D?d gota hormore oharaoena. The skin disease
has spread over all the body.
Charkat. To waste, to squander. Cf.
chorkot
Charra. Shot for gun.
Chat. A Hindu festival observed in
November.
Chat. To separate, to pare, clip, lop.
Chat. A roof.
Chat. 1
Chat chat. [Quickly, suddenly, easily.
Chat marte.J
Noa chnrite chat chat gedoEkana. It cuts easUy
■with this knife.
Chata. A honey comb.
Chata. To separate, to wander or leave
home under the influence of a spir-
it or demon, to be influenced by
a spirit or demon.
Nui baulaha chata calaoenae, okate con.
Birre pongel mahae chata ocoKkan tahekana.
Chata. A Hindu festival observed on
the last day of Bhador (q. v.) said
to have been originated by Kamars
(q. v.), and observed by some
Santals.
Chatak.l A measure, both liquid and
Chotak.J dry, about two ounces.
Chatao. To prune, plane, pare, level.
par chatao gidikam. Prune away the branches.
Chatar. An umbrella.
Chatar. A framework attached to the
rafters on which the thatch is
laid.
Chat chat. Cf chat.
Chat chat. \ Suffering greatly, parched;
Chat pat. j diligent.
Chat chat daK totaiiedilikana.
Chat chat aikauKkana.
Chati. The breast.
Chatiar. A ceremony observed as a
cleansing from ceremonial defile-
ment.
Janam oh9.tiar. A ceremony by which the
members of a village and house in which a
child has been born are rendered cere-
monially clean. In the case of a male child
it is observed five days after birth, and of
a female three days. The child is named
and admitted to the privileges of the society
of its relatives.
Caco chgiti^r. A ceremony which is observed
any time before marriage. It seems to be
the admission of the child to full privileges
as a member of the Santal community. At
the same time there is the idea of purifica-
tion connected with it. At the close of the
ceremony the following formula is repeated,
" We appeal to you five men, we were
black like crows, now we are white as the
white paddy birds, you five men are our
witnesses." Marriage cannot take place
before the observance of this ceremony,
and any one dying before its observance is
not accorded the privilege of having his
" jahbaha" taken to the Damudariver.
Oh^tiSr h^ncji. Eice beer given by the Jog
Mafiihi (q. v.) to the villagers at the close
of the Sohrae (q. v.) festival. This is a sign
that the lioense allowed to the young men
and maidens during the festival has termi-
nated, and that any ceremonial defilement
they may have contracted is removed.
Chatik. Of all kinds.
Is^i hor do oh^tik jat jote£ reaKko joma. The
Christians eat what all castes have touched
Chatka. \ Door from the court yard
Chatka duar.J into the street.
Chatkan. \ Quick, industrious, hard
Chatkani.J working.
Chatna.\Top, highest point, pinnacle,
Chatni. J used most frequently of trees.
Burn chgitnire. On the highest point of the.
hill.
Mat ch^tnire. On the top of the bamboo.
Chatni. A timber tree, Alstonia
scholaris, R. Br.
Chatpat. Restless ; quickly.
^di chatpat gidra kanae. He is a restless child
(always getting into mischief.)
44iye us9.raea chatpat.
Chatpatao. To be restless, toss about,
writhe, to be disquieted.
Nui do reiigeote ohatpataoKkanae. He is rest-
less through hunger.
Kidilikatkome torkedeteye chatpataoK kana.
He is writhing through having been stung
by a scorpion.
Chatpatia. Restless ; always in mischief
Chatri. A caste of Hindus.
Chatri
[ 100 ]
Chin
Chatri. A caste.
leabiko hecakana, mi£ chatribon lagii:. The
Christians have come to make us all of the
same caste.
Chau chau. In crowds, numerous, much,
many, a great deal ; a confused
noise as when many people are
together.
Chau cli?.u hor menaKkoa. They are in crowds. '
Onte note khubko rorkediria, chau ch9.u. They
hadsered me from all sides.
Ch?.u chgiuko arisakada.
Chauni. Encampment, resting place
when on a journey, lodgings, a tent,
a roof.
Chec bee. To the full, to satiety.
Chec becko jomkeda. They ate to satiety.
Checha. A torch. Cf. cecha.
^ , ■ ■ Disobedient, um-uly, tricky,
Cechor. V • u ■
r^ • mischievous.
Cecor. J
Ched. The first day of the Hindu fes-
tival Dasae on which buffaloes
are sacrificed.
Chedam. One fourth of a pice.
Chek. Smarting, burning, nipping.
Chek marte lo ^o^enaA.
UnaK atteye rorkediiia chek marteA aikabukeda.
Chedchao. To flog, chastise.
Alom halbaloKa, cheAchaomeaii nahalr. Do
not be naughty, I shall ilog you presently.
Cherichen. Hissing sound produced
by dipping hot iron in water ; tink-
ling sound, as that of cracked
cymbals, or steel struck by steel.
Chen chenaoli.\To scold in a high shrill
Cericenaok. j voice, said only of
women.
CedaRem cheJicheiiaoKkana?
^Wli^°-1 To separate.
Chmgau. J '-
Cheo. To slice, to graze, to scotch, to
wound, to bruise.
MaK cheo otokaiia. They cut and wound me.
Chepko.
I Low, small of stature, defici-
ent in height.
Chepra.
Cepre.
Ceprot.
Chepra kumba.
A low booth.
Cher. To melt.
N^-inu oherteko gotoma. By melting butter
they make ghi.
Chi. \ Shame ! fie ! indicates scorn,
Chi chi. J disgust, disapprobation,
shock, reprehension, scandalized.
Chi chi ! lajao ho bam aikauef , kuri hopon ho
darekorem coga baraekan. Fie ! ile ! are
you not ashamed ? girls also are climbing
into trees.
Chiat'tiAae daka do.
Chia. ~) Ough ! ugh ! indicates loathing'
lia. ~) '
liare. J
Duar dom chepko AoKkeda. Tou have made
the door a little low.
Nonde chopkogea, onde ueulgea. It is low here,
and high there
Chiare. / abomination, nausea.
Chia chia ! noa do alom jo^eda.
Chig-re ! Nui gidra io sene calaltkana.
Chiak. Low, mean, despicable, contemp-
' tible.
Uni do chiaKgeye metakoa. He despises them.
Chi ban. To deny, to feel disgust, or
contempt for.
Iliiii chibaiikedea. I feel comtempt for her.
(I have denied her.)
Aee chi bahoKma. Let him deny himself.
Chik chok. Bright, plump, looking
glossy as the skin of a well fed
and well groomed horse.
Chik chok motaakanae, sadom do. The horse
is fat and glossy skinned.
Chik chok serma. The bright heavens.
Chikican. ^ To break into pieces, to
Chikicun. J- scatter ; to be strewn a-
Chitican. J bout.
Botol do chikicunena. The bottle is shivered
to pieces.
Chilbilau. To rush hither and thither,
to be excited ; panic struck.
Hako botorteko ohilbilauena. The fish dart
about thz'ough fright.
Arhoko arijomketteko chilbilau got'ena. When
they again heard it they became excited.
Chilkau. To spill, splash, wash over.
Pheoko laukare chilkau bololfkana. The
waves are washing over into the boat.
Chimbri. Applied to the unripe pods
of horec (q. v.), ghangra (q. v.) and
muhg (q. V.) which do not shed their seeds
under the flail ; to the pieces, called cloves,
into which a bulb of garlic separates ; to
pieces of the following vegetables when cut
up lengthwise : beiigar (q. v.), kundri (q. v.),
karla (q. v.) taher (q. v.) and kohn(ja
(q. V.) ; to the pieces of the rind of tlie
kiiidi (q. v.) when cut tip for cooking ; also to
individual fruits of the muhga (q. v.) (muh-
ga suti) tree ; one of a bunch or cluster, as
one fruit of a bunch of plantains, or on©
pod of a cluster of pods.
Chin. China.
Chin disom. The country of China.
Chin sim' Guinea fowl.
Chi
in
[ 101 ]
ChonJi'o
Chin. Appearance, shape, form, bodily
representation, disguise, semblance,
likeness.
Manwa ohinenae. He has the form of a man.
(He is in human form.)
Hoj ohinteye heolena. He oame in the likeness
of a man.
Chinar. A harlot, a prostitute."
Ado noKoe mal do ape satate karalt coil, thoy-
haK coil, d9.riK ooii, cliing.ro'li ooii, ona do
apeaKge.
Chinci punci.\ All, everything, every
Cinci punci. J vestige, in pieces.
Chiaoi punci riam i5amteye idi cabakeda. He
carried away every thing.
Chindau. To unravel, arbitrate, judge,
settle.-
Khapkhap chin(j9.utakome. Judge them right-
eously.
Chuidel. ■> To pass over, to leave un-
Cindel. J touched, to scamp work;
carelessly, inefficiently.
TuKmalii ohinijelaepe. Leave a few ears for the
gleaner.
Jom chin<ilelliedeako. They gave him nothing
to eat while they ate themselves.
It chindelkedako, They have reaped aJl round
and left this.
Chindel ohinglelteko kamikeda. They have
scamped the work.
Chingau. To separate, to stray, to
wander, to be lost.
M.ii gotede ohingg.nlenkhan. If one be lost.
Chrng^iuenakin. They have strayed.
Chingi bai. Cf. cen. bai.
Chini. A cold chisel.
Chio choko. Slowly, deliberately.
Chic chokoe calakkana. He goes slowly.
Chip. Highest point, top pinnacle, as
of a tree or steeple.
Chipi. A shallow brass dish.
Chirchatur. To scatter.
Chirha chirhi. Increasing ; violently.
Chir hako. Small fish, small fry.
Chir hakole gocke^koa. We caught small fry.
Chiriau. To disperse, to scatter.
G^i g.diko chiri^uena. The cows are widely
scattered.
Chiri biri. "1 Into small pieces, to split
Ciri biti. /into thin slips.
Chiri biri aralcko geda. They cut greens into
small pieces (before cooking.)
Chit. Spotted, variegated, coloured,
stained.
Chit kioric. Chintz.
Chitau. To spread sheaves on the
threshing floor for the grain to be
trodden out by cattle.
Chi tho. To feel disgust or scorn.
Onko oraKiii ohi thoakat'a.
Chitia bitiq. To scatter, to strew, to
throw about.
Chitiau.^ To scatter, to strew, to spread.
lA tuluo bail sasamfaoii doe 0hiti9.ua. He that
gathereth not with me soattereth.
Chiti chan. To pulverise, break to
pieces, shiver to atoms.
Chitir bitir. To be scattered, strewn
about, dispersed.
Horko chitir bitirena. The people are scattered.
Chitkau. To sprinkle.
Chut metaoa mente holoh daKko chitkauakoa,
nartare. For the purpose of cleansing they
sprinkle flour and water on the people
when observing the narta (q. v.)
Chikisa. Careful attendance or nurs-
ing.
Chikisaem tobe khane bartcaoBa. Nurse him
carefully and he will recover.
Chitklric. A switch.
Chitra phutau. To break into pieces,
to smash up, to clear, as forest.
iSam liamtege birko chitrg. phutaukeda. They
have cleared all the jungle.
Sanam chitra phut^uena. It is broken to
pieces.
Nam /iamte Dikuko dobo chitra phut9.ukoa. "We
will sweep the Hindus from oil the face of
the earth (said by the Santals in the rebel-
lion.)
Chitta. Shot for gun.
Choc. To smear, daub, to plaster.
Gurio is to smear with the hand, and choc is to
do so by means of a wisp of straw or piece
of cloth.
Ch6c gobor. To smear with cow dung.
Ohole I Fraud, deception, knave-
Choi kopot./ ^y- ^^'^i^"^' subterfuge.
Choleteko sapkedea. The caught him by artifice.
Chonda. A boy.
Chondatia. A boy of from 12 to 14
years of age.
Chond kora. M. ") A boy of from 10 to
Chond kuri. F. J
8 to 10.
Chondro. ") A lad, stripling, from 14 to
Chandru. J 16 years of age.
12, a girl of from
Chon godo godo
[ 102 ].
Chutait
Chon godo godo. Sound of frizzling,
hissing.
Chont. Band to bind a sheaf.
Chontal. To fly off, to spring back, to
rebound, to leave.
ChailaK pharakte chontal go^ena. The chips
flew to a distance.
Aitege chonfal gotena. She (young wife) left
(her husband's house) of her own free will.
Chorkate. Excepting, omitting, beside.
Chorkot. To spend, waste, squander.
Sanam cij bg-sutem chorko^keda.
dered all your property.
You squan-
Chorwad. To pain, to cause mental
pain, to hurt one's feelings by
bitter, spiteful words. (Used
mainly by women.)
Eger ohorwaheali.
Chot. Time.
Mit chot. Once.
Bar chot. Twice.
Pe chot. Thrice.
Chot. Bands to bind sheaves when
harvesting,
Chotak. A chittak, one sixteenth of
a seer.
Cliotor. A cloth umbrella.
Chuc. A needle.
Chuc. To burn, burning, piping hot ;
to smart, as from the sting of a
scorpion.
Seijgelteye chudkediria.
Chuc mente. Pricking.
Chuchandar. Hancre ; specific sore.
Chuchkcir. To speak kindly to to al-
lay fear or suspicion, to coax. C£
cuckar.
Gidra hoko chuohkarkoa. They coax children
also.
Chuchukut. Used as a kind of spell
when children choke through some-
thing going down the wrong way.
If a boy the mother pats him on the head and
says "chuchuku(, sendra t?.hgiyepe" (chu-
cukut', wait to take bim to the hunt) ; and
if a girl, while patting her on the head she
says " chuchuku^, araK si6 tahgiyepe (chu-
chuknf, wait for her to go pot herb picking),
or '■ daU lo tahgiyepe" (or waitfor her to go
to bring water.)
Chuci. A reed, a bobbin made from a
reed on which thread is wound for
the weaver.
Chuda. "j To beat, or drive game in the
Chudar. I direction of an ambush, or
Chular. j where the sportsmen are
Churar. j waiting.
Nui kul chular idiepe, b9.ndkigi sen. Drive this
tiger towards the man with the gun.
Chuk chuk. Bright, glossy, clean,
smooth, beautiful.
Nui sadom chuk chnke cikara. This horse is
smooth and glossy.
Bill reaK bhuK do chuk chuk cikara. The
snake's hole is (worn) smooth.
Chular. Cf chudar.
Chundi. A girl.
Chupi. A large hat made of leaves
pinned together, to protect the
head and shoulders during rain.
Chur. To choke. Cf chuchukut.
When anything goes down the wrong way they
say, some one is either scolding me, or say-
ing something against me.
Chur. A track in the jungle, as of
wild animals or cattle.
Churar. C£ chuda.
Churi. A knife.
Churuc. ~| To put down or give in small
Curuc. J quantity.
Chut. Ceremonial uncleanness.
Chut paraoadiiia. I have become unclean.
Chut metao. To cleanse ceremonially.
AmaK dhorom mondirko chutakata. They
have defiled thy holy temple.
Chut mukutenale. We are clean from ceremo-
nial defilement.
Chuta. Free, disengaged, unemploj'ed,
superfluous, not in use, unbetro-
thed.
Nui kuri doe chutagea. This girl is not betro-
^ thed.
Nui hor doe chutagea, kg-mi b9.nuKfcaea.
Chuta chuti. Separated, divorced.
Chuta chntienakin. They are divorced.
Chutau. To escape, to be let loose, to
begin, leave, cease ; to get loose, to
be dismissed, to be lost, to be ex-
pert.
As chutau. To despair, to lose hope.
Euj ohutauentaea. His fever has left him.
Dadale chutauena. He began to strike.
Disom hor do Parganako chut9.ukedea. The
people of the country (Santals) dismissed
the Pargana (q. v.)
Ka^a okare cole chutau oookedea. We have
lost the buffalo somewhere.
Kg.mire adiye chut9iuKa. He is an expert (or
hard) worker.
Chuti
[ 103 ]
C'ikkui
Chuti. Leave, permission, dismissal.
Iskul pri<Jr?.koe chutikeEkoa. He diamiasod the
school children.
L9.i chutienall. I have had my say (and am not
now responsible.)
Cefko katha menaKtama, ma lg.i chutiKme.
Make a cleon breast of what you have to
say.
Lgi chutialime, rujf joiiali. Tell me to go and
I shall return.
Chutki. A second wife.
B9.tki. The first, or chief wife.
Chutkiakawanae. He has married a second
wife.
Cia. To spy, to search for.
Nel ci^kom, menaEkoa, seko baiia. Go and
spy and see if there are any.
Cia ^gulekome. Go find them and come and
teU us.
Ciap ciap. Cheeping of chickens.
Cicuri cipi curi. Call of the Uric (q.
V.) and certain other small birds.
Cidir. Diarrhoea, piiro;ing.
Bed cidir. Vomiting and purging.
Ciga cage. Straddling.
Clga cageye darankana. He goes straddling.
Cigari. To mock.
Cigariadeako. They mocked him.
Cigi. To be impaled through the fun-
dament, to force up the funda-
ment.
Don go£kedae, cigi gofenae.
Cigi Tudu. A sub-sept of the Santal
sept Tudu (q. v.)
The origin of the Sub-sept Chigi is said to have
been as follows : — Two brothers worked in
the fields and their two sisters brought them
their mid-day meal. On the way home the
girls were in the habit of divesting them-
selves of their clothes and jumping into a
tank to bathe. The brothers were so scan-
dalised that they fixed stakes in the water,
and when the next day the girls jumped in
as usual, they were impaled on the stakes.
Ciguri. An apparatus for raising heavy
beams, when beyond the height
to which men can reach, consist-
ing of two polos crossed at the top
and securely tied ; used also as a
support for beams.
Ciharao. Cf cihrau.
Cihau. Cf cehao.
Cihik. To start suddenly.
Cihik cihike cihkgiuKkana. He strarts now
and again.
Cihik bai. ") Nervous spasms, twitch-
Cihki bai. J ing, starting suddenly,
shuddering.
Cihirau. To be startled, to wince, to
start through fear.
Cihiri dan. A pole used to propel a
boat.
Cihkau. To be startled, to wince, to
start through fear, to start from
sleep scared.
Cihkau berefenae. Ho started up. ,
Cihrau. To shudder, to start, one's
hair to stand on end through fear,
to feel disgust. Scottice, scunner.
Cihri lamak. A variety of the large
jungle climber, Bauhinia Vahlli,
W.& A.
Cihri lamaK is the small seeded variety.
Phajka lamalc the large seeded variety.
Cij. Agricultural produce, things in
general.
Cij basut. Agricultural produce and property.
Khubiil cijakat'a. I have had a good harvest.
Cij b^suta^. I will acquire property.
Cikan. 1 Smooth, glossy, shiny. Cf
Cokon. J cikar.
Cikar. "l Oily, greasy, polished, glazed,
Cikon. j shiny, slimy, silky, smooth ,
clean, perfect.
Hor then cikar cikaro rora. He is silvery
tongued.
Bhit jolom cikarakat'ae. He has plastered the
wall smooth.
Cikar cikarko joma. They live on the best.
Hormo do cikargetakoa. Their bodies are glossy.
Arup cikaronae. He is washed clean.
Cikhna. A sign, a mark, a remem-
brance, a memento.
Horok cikhn*. To betroth. Cf. horoK.
Cikhn?.walfme. Mark it.
Uni hor do noa khanda cikhnae doho ctoadirta.
He left this thing with me as a memento.
Cikic. Backwards, to turn back, to
come into contact v.ith something
behind.
Cikid laha goEena. I missed by stroke and
struck ahead (through my elbow coming in
contact with something.)
Cikio birdarkedeae.
Cikic ru9.renae. He turned suddenly and fled
back the way he came.
Cikiete liurena. He fell back in a sitting
position.
Cikisa. Careful attendance, or nursing.
Cikkur. A warning call to barndnor
fowls when a hawk or vulture is
about.
The fowls know the call and run for shelter
immediately on hearing it.
Cikiio
t 104 ]
Cirhau
Cikno. The flax plant, Linuon usi-
tatisshnum, Linn.
The flax plant does not in India yield fibre, it
is cultivated purely for the oil it yields.
Cikon. Cf. cikar.
Cikon cokon. Sprig, spruce, dressed
up, prepossessing, good looking.
Scottice, weel faur'd.
'Cil bindha. A sub-sept of the Santal
sept Hasdak.
Cilim. (1) The bowl of the huka in
which the fire and tobacco are
placed. (2) A pig's snout.
The cilim is often smoked without being placed
in the huka.
Cima cate. Hobbling, raising the whole
side with each step when walking,
as a tortoise.
Cimor. Cf cemor.
Cempot.j^i^^'^^y'^^gS'^'^'^ly-
Cimro. Cf cemor.
Cimta. Pincers ; to seize with pincer.s.
Ciricic. Just forming, as fruit ; appear-
ing above ground, as a mushroom.
Cilicicakana. The fruit is just beginning to form.
Cindal. ^^ A little here and a lit-
Cindal cindal. j tie there, careless-
ly, imperfectly ; to overlook.
Em cindal. To give a little here and there.
Er cindal. To sow a little here and there.
Cindal cindale kamikana. He is doing his
work imperfectly.
Cindar candar. Artifice to attract the
notice of the male sex ; long, sweep-
Cindar candare calaKkana. She goes about
giving herself airs.
Cindar candare bandeakana. She is wearing
her ' sari' down to her feet to attract notice.
Cindel. To pass over, to do a thing im-
perfectly, to scamp ; carelessly,
imperfectly.
Ir cindel barakedako. They have left some
when reaping, they have scamped the
work.
Tulfmalko ]?.gitko cindel idikeda. They have
left some for the gleaners.
Cindka. A small area of jungle sur-
rounded by open country.
Cindka nolc birre senkateye okoena.
Cingul. A variety of the rice plant.
Cinha. C£ cikhna.
Cinhau.'j
Cinhap. VTo recognize, to discriminate.
Janhap.J
Cinha munda."!
Cinhe munhe. Ut , • ^
Cin mund. [Vestige, proof
Cin man. J
A portion, a horn, a hoof, &c., of an animal,
which has been devoured by wild beasts
rescued and shewn to the owner as proof
thereof.
Cinman ho ban liamoKkana. Not a vestige
even is forthcoming (to shew that the
animal has been devoured by wild beasts.)
Cinparco. To establish relationship
by declaring name and lineage.
Cinca. Thought, anxiety, concern.
Cipa bata. The lath by which each
row of thatch is fastened to the
framework of the roof
Cipa cape. ") To walk gingerly with
Cipo copo. J" short steps.
Hg-ui tora calaoenae, cipg. cape.
Cipciriix 1 A common annual found in
Cipivit. J waste ground near villa-
ges, Achyranthes aspera, Linn.
Cipciryop. \ Said by a female to a
Cipciryup. I younger person when re-
Ciryop. | turning his or her saluta-
Ciryup. j tion.
Cipoc copoc. Getting old, advanced in
years.
Cir. A flag.
Cir dan. A flagstaff.
Ciro' } '^^ *^*''' ^'^°^' ®P^^* ' ^ ^^'n-'9-
Mi£ oira barge emafime. Give me a strip of
garden ground.
Khura cirggetakoa. They have cloven hoofs.
Barab^rite ciro got'kam. Tear it equally.
Cir caudal. A caudal (q. v.) with a
tassel at each corner.
Cirgal. Cautious, timid, wary, watch-
ful.
Seta do a^i cirggilko gitioa.
Cirha cirhi. Violently, exasperatingly.
Cirha cirhikin roporena.
Cirhau. To scoff at, deride, to provoke;
to exasperate, to irritate, to mock.
TJni ruarea mente adorn doko oirhai.nkedea .
Some scoffed at him to induce him to
return.
Cirhot; corhol!
[ 105 ]
Codali
Cirhot corhot'. Shuffling, dragging feet
in walking.
Cirhot oorlio(;e oala1<kana.He goes sliuffling
along.
Ciri biri. l Into small pieces, to atoms ;
Ciri biti. J to mince ; thin, scattered;
spread out, split into thin strips.
AraK ciri biriko geda. They out the greens in-
to small pieces.
Ciric ciric. Chirp of sparrow.
Ci h6 h6. Neighing of horses, also the
cry of the Bengal kite.
Ciri cunthi.\To tear, or rend, as a tiger
Ciri huri. J or vulture its prey ; scram-
bling and pulling.
Ciri huriko repeckana.
Ciri huri. Of ciri cunthi.
Cifi huriko idi gotkeda. They quickly snatched
it aU away.
Cirion cirion. Chirp of birds.
Nui cere doe oirioii cirioheda. This bird calls
'cirion cirion.'
Cirkau. To split, to crack.
Bhit oirkauena. The wall is cracked.
Cirit Narrow, strait, difficult.
Cirif dugirte boloKpe. • Enter in at the strait gate.
Ar cetlekali ciridoKkana, ona auri muoedok
h3.bio ; And how am I straitened till it be
accomplished.
Cirmok. ") Sad, depressed, downheart-
Jirmok. J ed, disconsolate.
Bhabnakte oirmoKe durupakana.
Giro. To tear, rend, split, divide. Cf
cira.
Ciroc ciroc. "j Dripping, dribbling, water
Ciroc coroc. V issuing in small jets,
Coroc coroc.J or drops ; sound of drip-
ing or falling water.
Ciroc ciroce darkeda.
Ciroc coro6. Cf ciroc ciroc.
Cit. Paste, gum.
Cloitalc. The gum brush.
Cit urioena. The paste sticks fast.
Citar. Miserly, niggardly.
Citar kabar. Spotted, variegated.
Citel; catet. The joints of the ankles
or knees to crack when walking,
. the clicking sound made by wood-
en sandals when walking.
Citet patei To cross the feet when
walking.
Citi bin. A species of spotted snake.
Cithi. A letter, an epistle.
Cito. Unripe, said of leguminous fruits,
and of the fruit of the Matkoiu
tree. (q. v.)
Citar kathi. ~| A plant largely used me-
Jog kathi. J dicinally. Plumbago
Zelanica, Linn.
Citol. A species of fish.
Citri. The grey partridge, Tipon torod-
Ortygornis Ponticerriu'nas.
Mundh^it oitri. The black partridge, Fran-
colinus vulgaris.
^JJJPJChirp of birds.
Sud cere hopon ciup ciupko raga. The young
of the Sue bird (q. T.) cry ciup ciup.
Ciuti. An ant.
Ciufi pipri. Ants and butterflies, insects in
general.
Ciwak cawak. Spilling, as a vessel
full of water if carried carelessly.
Cetlekam idiedap ciwaK cawagoKkana. How
are you carrying it ? it is spilling.
Co. I Perhaps, expresses doubt or im-
Con. J certainty ; used to emphasise
an affirmative statement. Cf coii.
Coak. To break, to snap, to break into
two, to break off, to break a part off.
Kanda real? knnkha coaKena. The rim o£ the
water pot is broken off.
Jondra do coaKena pheqlre. The stalk of In-
dian corn is broken near the root.
Coar. "I Rascally, disobedient, ill-con-
Ciiaria. J ditioned.
Am do coar mara hor. Tou are a rascal.
Coatia. Not having sufficient milk for
her offspring, having a small udder.
C5c c5c. Squeaking of young rats or
mice.
Coc6. Squeaking of rats.
Cocongof. "(To sit on the heels, to
Cucungul J hunker.
Cocraha. Rough.
Coeraha kat kana. It is a rough log.
Alom dejoKa, acji oocrahagea. Do not climb
(the tree), it is very rough.
Coda hako. A species of fish.
Codak. ]
Codao. I To separate, to detach, to
Chondao. i' pick off, to peel off.
Cotak. J . ,, ,.
Jondra coijaome. Detach the grains of Indian
corn from the cob.
14
Codgoc
[ 106 ]
Colkhao
> Sharp, pointed.
Codgoc. A species of fish found in riv-
ers and tanks.
Code codo. "(Sound of water fall-
Codoc codoc. / ing in a stream.
Sate daK codo code iluroKkana. The rain falls
splashing from the eayes.
Codor. To pour out a libation.
Maran burn ar MaAjhi harame oodorabina.
He offers a libation to Marah burn (q. v.), and
to the deceased village chief.
Coe. Part of female private member.
Coenda. Ill-natured, passionate, easily
angered, bad tempered.
Adi ooendageae. He is very ill-natured.
Coelo,
Cuila.
Lalt coelokedail. I cut it to apoint,
Jom coeloenae. He has eaten to satiety.
Coga. To climb up, into, or on any-
thing.
OkoG bae seta]< liindareye cogaena. Some one
has been up (in the tree) before dawn.
Cogor. '^ Quickly ,fast, active, flu-
Cogor cogor. J ent.
Cogor cogore tarameda. He walks quickly.
Cogor cogore rofeda. He speaks fast.
CohSk. Prepossessing, pleasant looking,
beautiful, graceful, well.
Kuriko bes cohoko eneokana. The girls are
dancing gracefully.
Dibi adi cohokko benaokoa. They deck the
idols, or make the idols beautiful.
Sadom a(^i cohoKe calaKkana. The horse goes
beautifully.
Biswadih Maliihi coh5ke iSeloEkana. The
Manjhi of Biswadih looks well.
Cohol bohol. Flowing, overflowing, a
large quantity.
Cohol bohol ntum duladitia. You have given
me a large quantity of utu.
Khub cohol bohole daKatlea, ale do.
Coh5t. Pressing, urgent.
Notar do kami adi cohotakana. At present
work is very pressing.
Cojaha. J ^^^'^^^J' ^^^''^' niggardly.
Adi cojaha hor kanae. He is very miserly.
Coli. To kiss.
CopoK. To kiss each other.
Jawae (Jjhrikateye coUaea. After binding the
turban on the bridegroom's head he kisses
him.
Cok. A division or part of a village.
Cokak. 1 A shell, scale, skin or rind
Coklak. / of fruit.
Eokoc ookaK. A snail's shell.
Cokak. Irritating, insulting.
Nui 9.imai cokaMgeye ror goda. This woman
speaks irritatingly.
Cokak baklak. Irritating, vexing, in-
sulting.
Cokao. To become speechless, through
fright &c. ; to be benumbed with
fear, &o.
UniaK ror aAjomte cokao utarenali. I became
speechless through hearing what he said.
Cokcanda. To steal from, to relieve
one of property.
Okoe coko cokcandakediAa. Some one has
stolen from me.
Cokhlao. To pare, to break the skia or
rind.
Cetan cetante cokhlao gofkam. Pare it near
the surface, (take off a thin paring.)
Cokhna. To bring up old errors, to bear
tales, to upbraid.
Napam pichem cokhnawaiikana. Every time
we meet you upbraid me.
Cokkati. A division of a village.
Cokka^i ato. A village made by dividing an-
other into two or more parts.
Coklak. Rind, shell.
Cokmaki. Flint.
Coko. The female organ.
Coko. To hide, to crouch, as a tiger
lying in wait for prey.
Cokod. \ To pull the beard as an
Cokoc cokoc. J insult, to strilce the
mouth with the fist, as an insult ;
to wash clothes, by striking gent-
ly on a stone or board.
Noa thotnatem roreda, cokodmeari. This is the
mouth you speak with, I will hit yon on it.
Cokorhal A small cup made from a
single leaf pinned with its own
stalk.
Cola. Body, life.
Cola oabaentaea. He is dead.
Cola taheu bhor kami jarurtabona. We must
work so long as we remain in the body.
Colit. \
Colon. VCustom, wont, use, current.
Colonti.j
Bes colon pai. An honest measure.
Bah colon ojon. An unfair weight.
Colkhao. Obliquely, slantingly ; to pare.
Male colkhao got'kedeaii. I cut him (with u,
sword) slantingly.
Coloe boloc
[ 107 ]
Copao
Coloe boloe. Wander about as a vag-
rant.
Coloe toloeye daya baraca. He goes about like
a vagrant.
Colon. Cf. colit.
Colonti. Cf. colit.
Colonti. Clever, exjDert, fluent, efficient,
dexterous.
A^iye colontia. He is very fluent.
Combe. Point.
Cot combereye durupakana, cere. The bird is
sitting on the highest point.
Com coroli. To sit on the hind legs, as
a monkey on a branch.
^"^ , ■ {- To be startled, to flash.
Camkao. J
Bijli camkao goCenteA comkao go^ena. I was
startled by the lightning flash.
Comkoroc. Slightly acid.
Noa utu do comkoroc jojogea. This relish is
slightly acid.
Comol. "I Apprehensive of dan-
Comol comol. J- ger, in a state of
Camal comol. J trepidation.
Noa birhorte calaKre a^i comol comol atkaroKa.
When passing along this jungle road one
is in a state of great trepidation.
Comol maraoentiAa. I was all in a tremble.
Concol. Fickle, restless, excited, dis-
turbed in mind, impatient.
CalaK reaSili colioolgea.
Cond. \ Pattern, sample, form, like-
Chond.) ness; like.
Noa oond banaome. Make it like this.
Conda. To pile up, to put on fire to
boil, as a pot.
Tukud do cnlhareko condaea. They put the
pot on the fire.
Conda pore. 1 q^^ ^^^^^ another.
Condoporo. J
Conda porekaKme.
another.
Pile them up one above
Conda taka. The price paid for a
bride.
Condho. A form of abuse, scoundrel.
Condho mara hor. Scoundrel.
Condka. Anything put up as a sign
of prohibition or interdict.
The method usnaUy employed is, if the object
to be interdicted admits of it, as a tree for
instance, to fix a small bunch of dried grass
to it in a conspicuous position, and if other-
wise, as land for instance, the grass is tied
to a pole and fixed in the ground.
OonijkaA tolakaf a nl darere. I have tied a sign
of prohibition on the mango tree (so that no
one may touch the fruit.)
Bandre oon(;lkali bi{aka£a. I have fixed a sign
of prohibition in the tank (to warn all
against flailing.)
Cond kopot. Stingy, miserly, hard,
niggardly.
Condo. To pile up one above another,
as rupees. Cf. cond pore.
Condok. To stand on tiptoe, to be
proud.
ConJoK tiogme. Stand on tiptoe and reach it.
Condon. Cf candon.
Con. \ Perhaps, expresses doubt or
Co. j uncertainty, also emphasises
an affirmative statement.
Okoe coe idiket. Some one has taken it away.
Cet coiiko k9.inikan. What may they be doing,
(they are doing something but I do not
know what it is.)
CalaK coe bah coe. I cannot say whether he
will go or not.
NnKui coil ? Is not this he ?
Amge oouem idiket. \ It was you surely who
Amge com idikeiJ. ) took it away,
Okoe ba(Jae con. Who knows, who can say, it
is uncertain.
Con bai. Short-tempered, passionate,
angry.
Mit' gh^ritegeye con b9.ioKa. He gets angry at
once.
Conga. A bamboo pipe, or tube ; a
bamboo bottle filler.
Conthao. To peck, tear, grab at.
Upe conthao gofkedea. He pulled his hair.
Contha cunthi. To pull each other's
hail- ; met. to quarrel, to altercate.
Baream eraana, bakin contha cunthimea f You
have two wives, will they not pull out your
hair ?
Contha ounthienako tehefi onko do. They had
a violent quarrel to-day.
Copa. ~| Shrivelled, blasted, diseased,
Copra. J unfilled, as ears of grain ;
puny.
Copa ren gun^a kanae. He is the offscourings
of all that is base.
Copa cnpi. Some small and others
shrivelled, as ears of grain.
Dare ma darelen, menek copa cupigea. It
has grown well, but some of the grain ia
small and some shrivelled.
Copa kuta. Disobedient, deceitful ;
rascally, scoundrelly.
Copakul;?' hor jabatinalfem metaerehS ban haso-
ea. Whatever you may say to a scoun-
drel he never feels it.
Copao. Addicted, accustomed to.
Mimifi hoy khub hg.n(}i p^urare copao monaK-
koa. They are all greatly addicted to beer
and spirits.
Copia
[ 108 ]
Cotaha
Copia. Lean, small in the hind quarters,
as a bullock.
Copiar Murmu. A sub. sept of the
Santal sept Murmu.
Cepe cope Copier eyae catom bohgatato.
Copo6. To suck, as one does an or-
ange.
Copot. Low, hollow.
Usui copoij. Up and down.
Mit'ke rait burn ar botkoc copodoKa. Every
mountain and hill shall be brought low.
Copoti londoc. High and low, rutty,
as a road ; fallen in, a part lower
than the surrounding surface.
Copra. Cf. copa.
Copsa. Gathering sores that multi-
ply themselves.
Copsaha. Flabby ; unpalatable, as pot
herbs that are too mature.
Coran. To overflow, to be turned a-
side by coming into contact with
some obstacle, to glance off.
Dor dor do bam sindurlaKa, ti do corah goten-
tama. You did not apply the siudur down
the centre, your hand went to one side.
Baudukteli ^bukedea, ado corah goiena..
I fired at him with a gun, but the bullet was
turned aside.
Corah paromkette, noKoe phorket'tama.
By overflowing, you see it burst your embank-
ment.
Gail nai do pereden, Sora nai do corahen. The
Gang river is full, and Sora river overflow-
ing.
Coran. Chorus to a song.
Coranti. To increase, to rise, as prices.
Corco. A common forest tree, Casi-
ared tomentosa, Linn.
This tree yields medicine, and also a fish in-
toxicant.
Corcota. \ Passionate, cruel, short
Corc(jtaha.j tempered.
' Corcotaha hor kanae acren gidra h5e dalef:koa.
He is an ill-tempered man, he beats even
his own children.
Corcotah. Anger, passion, ill-temper ;
to speak angrily or gruffly; to
provoke.
Jahanakko metakore corcotahakko rora.
"Whatever they may say to them they receive an
ill-natured reply.
Cordah. ") Of irregular, un-
CSrdah murdah. J even surface;
some parts high and others low,
applied especially to rice fields.
Noa khet do cordangea, dale banuKanah.
This field is not level, there is no water in it.
C5rS. One of the twelve septs into
which the Santals are divided.
C5rS cacarhaf. A nickname given to
the Santal sept C6rS.
Corhof . To drag the feet when walk-
in, to shuffle, to step lightly to
avoid making a noise.
Corhot' corhof^geye tarameda. He shuffles as
he walks.
Cor kheda. 1
Cor khedwa. i-The planet Jupiter.
Eat calawa. J
The rising of this planet wama thieves that
the night is almost past and dawn at hand.
Coro6 coroc. Sound of dripping wa-
ter, pattering, dropping. Cf. ciroc
ciroc.
Coro coro. Sound of pouring, or run-
ning of water, as from a pipe.
Coro coro dak /lurokkana. Water is falling in
a continuous stream.
Coroc mokoc. Stingy, niggardly, mis-
erly.
Cored mokod emoKkanae. He gives stingily.
Coroetho. Blasted, blighted, shrivel-
led, puny, stunted.
CoroU corok. To move by leaps and
bounds, as a squirrel, a frog, a hare.
Coromokoc. The fresh leaves of Arak
kudrum. Hibiscus, Sabdariffa, L.,
used as a pot-herb.
Corontho. Cf coroetho.
CorSt. Pasture.
Corpot. Corrupt, rascally, scound-
relly.
Corpot mara hor. A consummate scoundrel.
Cortha. M. \Bad behaved, disobedient,
Curthi. F. J bad, cruel.
Akinren cortha curthi gidraiatekin mondukena .
They grieved on account of their ill-behaved
children.
Cot. Above, high ; the firmament.
Got ar ot. Earth and sky.
Cot utarid. The highest one.
Cot *r phed bujhau hor Itanale. We are men
of high intelligence.
Cot^te udauktenko. Birds.
Cot dhoj. The top of a tree.
Cotaha. Unlucky, ill-fated, ill-omened.
Ona ato co^ahagea. That village is unlucky
(many have died in it.)
Pokhurig. pahil do ootahage tahekana. The
village of Pokhuria was at one time un-
lucky (the people all died.)
Cotali
[ 109 ]
Cuihor
Cotali. To peel off, to be rubbed off,
to be splintered, to become detached.
CotaK ur. To peel off (the skin.)
Sg.rim cotaKena. The thatch of the roo£ has
been blown off.
Cot; coi codor. ") ^ ~ tt / \
Co1;cot;codro.|^'"y°fH^P'^(<l-^-)
Cothra. '\ Puny, ill-conditioned,
Cothra potra. V half-starved, shrivel-
Cothro. J led; exhausted, un-
fertile soil.
Noa dare cothroena. This tree is stunted.
Goto. A small field mouse.
Goto j el. The calf of the leg.
pi]/ >■ Soon, quickly, immediately.
Cofokge langa godolfae. He gets soon tired.
Cotok. To dress up, to embellish,
Murhutko cotokkeCkoa. They embellished the
idols.
Goto lutur. A common climbing plant,
a weed of garden cultivation, J-
pomaea pes-tigridis, Linn., (the
tiger's foot bindweed,) children
eat the seeds of this plant.
Goto muc. A species of ant.
Gowak. To break, to snap, a piece to
be broken off.
Data oowaKentaea. His teeth are broken.
Cua. To distil.
Cua daK . Distilled water.
Oko okote paurjko cuaia. Th6y_distil liquor
secretly.
Gua. A spring.
Cubalc. To have a mote in the eye.
Alom koyoK baraea, cubagoKam. Do not look
up, you will get something in your eye.
Cubal^akanali. I hare a mote in my eye.
Gubuc. To prick, as with a thorn or
needle.
p, •■ VA term of disparagement.
uc cue. 1 gqyga,king of young rats or
ri^, ^ ,' I mice.
Ooc coc. J
Cumcumba. A game played by child-
ren.
Cuchundar ghao. Ghancre; specific
sore.
p I. [The female organ.
Gucungut'. To sit on the heels, to hun-
ker.
Gucuk. The female organ.
Gudi. Used mainly by women when
giving abuse, or disparaging.
Gudi. To go backwards, to keep to
the side, squeezing . into as little
space as possible ; as if ashamed ;
timidly.
Okare bam cudien, sodorre do bam hijuKa?
Where are you sidling to, won't you come
in view ?
Gudrud. To pour out a little, as from
a cup, or a ladle ; to pour out a
libation.
Gidrg. dalcreye unumea, bahkhane cu^rucaea.
She either drowns the child in water, or
else pours a cupful over him.
DaK man^l cu<?rucaeme. Give him a little
rice water with a ladle.
Gudrud cudruc. Call of the striped
squirrel, Tor {Sciurus jKtlmarunri.)
Cudu cudu. Sound of pouring or drip-
ping of water.
Cuduk kod. A common jungle fruit
tree, Eugenia, sp.
Gudur. To pour a little out of a cup,
leaf, &r. Cf cudruc.
Katie ka(ic cuduraeme. Pour him out a little.
Cugli. To tell tales, to inform, to back-
bite.
Cukgliio. A tell-tale, informer, tale bearer,
backbiter.
Cuglia. Tale-bearing, backbiting, in-
forming.
Cuglia hor kanae. He is a tale bearing person.
Cuialc. Scales of fish.
Cuicui. Pointed, tapering to a point,
in form of a cone.
Bunumko rakaba. cui cui. The ants raise their
hill in the form of a cone.
Cui cui. Feeling of a superstitious
person as when passing a grave
yard, &c. at night. Scottice, E'erie.
p-'^^^^ [Squeaking of young rats or
m^ , ~ ," I mice.
Coc coc.J
Cuihor. \ To sharpen, to put a point
Cuihur. J on anything, as a stake,
peg, &c.
LaU cuihurkedae. He pointed it with an axe.
Nui cuihur mara hor kanae.
Cuikup
[ 110 ]
Curcutuo
Cuikup. ") Shrivelled shrunk, rolled up,
Cuikut'. J said of leaves ; emaciated.
Sakam rohor cnikutena. The leaf is rolled up
by drying-.
Cuila. Sharp, pointed. Cf, coelo.
Cuk. An error, inadvertency, blunder,
mistake.
Bhul cuk. Errors, mistakes, omissions.
Cukak. A small earthen vessel, used
mainly to hold oil.
Cukau. To have finished or completed.
Cukau. To blunder, fail, commit a
fault.
Kathareil cukauena.
Cukruc. A folded leaf used a spoon,
drinking cup, &c.
Cukrujako.
Culha. A fire-place.
Mi^ aohia culha. A fire-place with one opening.
Uar achia culha, A fire-place with two openings.
Culha jaraoni. A present given to those who
do the cooking for the guests at a marriage
feast.
CuluQ. ) A small piece, or quan-
Katid culun.j tity.
Culun. "1 At once, without delay,
Culuri culuii. J instantly, heartily.
Culuh mente beret' calao gotenae. He instantly
rose and went away.
Culuii ouluii dale lo g-guedae. She brings water
from the well without delaying.
CuluQ bhutun. T Restless, to wander
Culur bhutur. J about, to go aim-
lessly.
Onte note culuii bhntan baraekanae. He goes
wandering about from place to place.
Cumaura. A ceremony observed at
marriage, at the Sohrae festival
(q. V.) and sometimes on the first
day of rice transplanting.
Cumditi. An ill-natured, quarrelsome,
abusive woman.
A(Ji Gumdiilae, adi eKgerkana. She is very ill-
natured, she scolds fearfully.
Cumkak. To assemble, to be gathered
together.
Cumkal^ ato. A compact village.
CumkaU dare. A clump of trees.
Teheil do kulhibon durupa, sebon cumk^K lio-
goKa. To-day we shall meet in council, or
we shall assemble together.
Alope cumkagoKa. Do not crowd together.
Cun. Lime.
Gafi oun. Lime prepared from nodular lime-
stone.
Jhinuk cun. Lime made from shells, used to
chew along with tobacco.
On cun. Farm produce, agricultural property.
Cunaiti. A small round brass box to
hold lime.
Curici. Pap, dug, nipple.
Cund. The musk rat, Sorex cceridescens.
Cunduc. A small wooden ladle or spoon.
Cun^udtege utuko loea. They lift the relish by
means of a wooden ladle.
Cunduti. Quickly, instantly, without
parley.
Cunduh menteye reben gofona. He agreed at
once,
il beta, cunduh mente calao godoKme. Oh my
son, go without^parleying.
Cuni. Small, stunted, smaller than
others, said of fruit, grain, &c.
Cnni cuni joakana. The fruit is small.
Cunka. A pinch given by the seller
to the buyer over and above the
weight or measure.
Cun thonga. A piece of hollow bamboo
used to carry lime to chew along
with tobacco.
Cun thuiak. A small brass box to hold
lime, closed with a lid.
Cungur mungur. To be restless, moving
here and there ; never still.
Gadel horko ouiigur mungur baraeako. The
crowd sways to and fro.
Cunu munu. Dainty, trig, neat and
tiny.
4di moil]' cunu mnnue benaoaka^a. He has
made it very neat and pretty.
Cupi. Tail of bird or fish.
Cupul;. The fist, to close the fist, to
receive as much as can be held in
the hand when closed ; to close the
hand upon.
Mit' cnput'. A handful.
Caput pasarme. Open your hand.
Ghuae ciipufokaia. He has been bribed.
Isor cuput khon bae pasarlekhan dh?,rti do oho
rophalena.
Cuput khon bah pasaroKkantilia. I have not
- got the means to do it.
Cura. A pinnacle, spire, crest.
Curau. To flog, to chastise, discipline,
accustom.
Curau pondpeati. I shall chastise you severely.
Moca bail curauakantama. Tour mouth is not
disciplined (you have not caught the proper
pronounciation.)
Kamire khube curauena. He is well disciplined.
Curcutuc. Stunted, under-sized.
Noa dare ourcutuoena. This tree is stunted.
Nui dahra doe curcutuogea. This ox is under-
sized.
Cure mare
[ 111 ]
Dabdabao
:u6. Ic-i- -1
^^ jStmgily.
Curmar!^'^^" J Q'^i^'^ly' diligently, fast.
Curmarkedeal?. I hurried him np.
Cure mareye kamikeda. He worked fast.
Curi. A bracelet, a bangle.
Curialj. A small earthen vessel.
Curin. The ghost of a woman who has
died pregnant,
Curkud bhurkud.
Curkud burkuc,
Curkuo burkuoe emoKkana. He gives stingily.
Curmar. Quickly, fast. C£ cure mare.
Curti. To increase, to develope, as a
disease ; much, very much.
Eua ^di curtiakantaea. His fever has greatly
increased.
Guru buru. Brimful, full.
Curn buruko dul pereoakafa. They have filled
it to overflowing.
Khnbko dularkediHa curu buruko emadilia.
They received me well, they gave me all
that was nice.
Curuc. To give, or put down in small
quantity, or quantities, anything,
excepting liquids ; to give in pick-
les.
Ponon konijre khunti khuntiko cnrudaKa. They
drop a small quantity at the post at each of
the four comers.
Curuo caole. Contributions of rice levied on
each household in a village, on the occasion
of a festival. The rice thus collected is
cooked and eaten along with the flesh of the
sacriflced animal, as a part of the religious
service.
Guru curu. A call to peaforol.
Guthar. \A carpenter, a Hindu
Ghuthar. J caste.
Gut cat. Graving, longing for, impa-
tient, ravenous, greedy.
Cut cut ?.di baric jojom sanaedea. He is craving
for food.
Paura liu hewa hor bae nulekhan out cupe 9i-
kaua. A persoin accustomed to drink liquor
if he does not drink feels craving for it.
CalaK lagiee out outoK kaua. He is impatient
to go.
Guti. A cigar, cigarette, cheroot.
Cutiko Auieda. They smoke cigars.
Cutiako. They make cigars.
Cutia. A mouse.
Cutia barduruo. A species of small bat.
Cutia candbol. A common, but not
' easily noticed, small flowering
plant, Iphegenia indica, R. Br.
Cuwa. To distil.
D.
Da. Bulb, root tuber.
Dalfa hapen. Tubers will form yet.
Dab. An accident, mi.sfortune, mis-
hap, jeopardy, dangor.
4LiJi marah dgib calaoentiiia. I escaped a severe
accident (or a great misfortune.)
4-H marah dab liuradilia. A great misfortune
befell me.
Dabad dubud. To sink and rise again
and again.
Daba dubu. Noise made with feet
and hands when swimming.
Daba ijubu daKreko paeraSa.
Dabae dundrai. To demand with
bluster and threats.
Dabak dubuk. To shake the head or
body, as an old man through weak-
ness.
DabaK iJubuKe calalfkana. He goes shaking
his liead.
Pabak (JubuK hor liamifi senlena. I went to
find men who shake the head, (rumoKko.)
(q. V.)
Dabal poesa. A double pice.
Daba mara. To halt, to rest, to en-
camp.
Kulhi muc9.foeko ^aba maraKa. They call a
halt at the entrance to the village street.
Moulbirele 4aba maralca. We will halt for a
little at Moulbi village.
Dabao. To press down, to snub, chide,
keep under, check, curb, restrain.
Seta dabaoetam aloe gegerma. Chide your dog
so that he may not bite.
Dabao. To keep, as one does a dog,
horse, &c. to be covered, to be
obscured, to spread.
Eimilte sermae dabaoakata. The sky is ob-
scured with clouds.
Biste gota hormoe (Jabaoakadea. The poison
has pervaded his whole body.
Euate nui doe (Jabaokedea. He is hot all over
from fever.
Bar era nui do bese dabaoakat'kina. He keeps
two wives in comfort.
Setaii ^abaokoa. I wiU keep dogs.
Dabai'. A large, moist rice field.
Dabdaba. 1 B^oad, wide.
Dabdaba. J
' Dabdabape benaokeda. Tou have made it broad.
Dabdabao. The eyes to fill with tears.
MoC dal? daVidabaoKkantae. His eyes are fill-
ing with tears.
Dabdub
[ 112 }
Dadbi^
Dabdub. To sink at once, as of a
boat's crew, or a number of per-
sons.
Dabdubko unumena. They sank to rise no
more.
Dabe. "> Large horns, with a sweep-
Dabea. J ing upward curve, applied
to buffaloes.
Daber. A large, moist rice field.
Dabha. A pummelo.
Dabi. The scapula, or shoulder blade.
Bale A^hi. The ridges of the scapula, or shoul-
der blade.
Dabi. A claim ; to claim, to lay a
claim for damages, or dues.
More t^kae datbieda. He makes a claim for
five rupees.
Dabiaeako. They wUl claim from him.
Dabi bebels. Abscess over the scapula.
Dabkao. To crouch down, to lie in
wait for prey, to be awed ; to
sculk, to lurk.
Noa porre kule dabkaoakana. The tiger ia
crouching in this bush.
Hape thiroKme, adoe dabkaoena. Be quiet,
and he gave in.
Dabkao. To be at the boiling point,
to boil.
DaK (JabkaoKkana, ma caole khadlepe. The
water is boiling, put in the rice.
Dabla. M.l Ugly, ill-formed, mis-shaj)-
Dabli. F. j en, unprepossessing ; worn
out of shape.
Dablgi mara herel. An ugly man.
Dg-bli mara aim^i. An unprepossessing wo-
man.
Dabi?. kndi. An ill-shaped hoe, a hoe worn out
of shape.
Dabot. To restrain, to forbid, to keep
under ; to interdict.
M?.iijhi do porja bae ijaboteikotaea. The head
man does not keep his tenants in hand.
Noa 111 dare dabotme. Forbid this tree, i. o.
allow no one to take the fruit.
Dabla kutam. 1 The Hoopoe, Upwpa
Kutam dabla. J eijops.
Dabra. A pool of water, a dub.
Noa bhataome bahkhan dalt ^abraKa. Fill up
this (hollow), else water will collect.
Horre daK (Jabraakana. There is a pool of
water on the road.
Dabra. A large, moist rice field.
Dabra. To splash about in water.
Delabo da.br9.Kb0 oalaKa. Come, we will have
a splash in the water.
Dabrao. To stoop, to crouch, to lie in
wait, to hide.
Onde kule dabfaoakana. The tiger is crouch-
ing over there.
Dabri. To despise, threaten, keep
under, check, scold, oppress.
Okoe ho alom dabrikoa. Do not act harshly
towards any one.
XJni hor do sanamkogeye dabri maiigaletkoa.
That man despises every one.
Dabri. A small earthenware dish, used
as a lid.
Dabruc, To put down, to quiet, to
restrain.
D^brudenae nitoK do. He is cowed now.
Dabu. A iron spoon, used sometimes
to cook small quantities of vege-
tables, &o.
Dabua. Grown to stem and leaves,
no fruit.
Pabuauena. The plant has all grow to [stem,
branches and leaves, and has no frnit.
Dabud dabun. To shake or nod the
head when walking.
P^buii dabuhe oalalckana hgithi do. The ele-
phant shakes his head as he goes.
Dac due. Small, young.
Dae due. To fine, to impose a penalty ;
to leave one without anj'thing.
Dac (Juckediriako. They fined me.
Perako dao dudkediiia. My friends left me
without anything (ate up all I had.)
Mahajoue dac duokedea. The moneylender
took all he had. (sucked him dry.)
Dad. Ringworm, certain skin diseas-
es that do not break out into sores.
Dacad dacah. Quickly, flying from
place to place ; ubiquitous.
Dacah dacahe calaka uni hor do. That man
moves about very rapidly.
Dada. Elder brother.
Dadat. His elder brother.
Dadam. Thy ,, ,,
Dadali. My ,, ,,
Dadattet. The „ „
Dada haso. 1 t , ....
Pfmda haso. jLumbago, pamm loms.
Dadha dumbar. Personal effects, be-
longings, chattels, impedimenta,
baggage.
Tinak noa ^adha dumbgrem asen baj-aea ?
Dadhit. Milk adhering to the side of
the vessel in which it has been
boiled.
Pgi^hifteli hurif akome.
Dadahut;
'[ 113 ]
Dagi
Dadahul Still, motionless, and look-
ing larger than in reality.
Dadahiit'a cliirup:ilcana bana do. The bear ia
sitting still.
Dadahnt duduhul). Still, motionless,
the plural of dadahut (q. v.)
Gidi dsidahut' duduhu^ko dur'jpakaua. Tlio
the vultures are sitting motionless (after
having gorged themselves with food.)
Dadi. A spring of water, a natural
well.
Dadni. ~) An advance of money, as
Dadon. J pay, or part of contract
price.
Dadu. A flattish wooden spoon, used to
stir with when cooking ; an oar.
V^iu ghan^a. To pull an oar.
Dadup. To touch or hit slightly un-
intentionally.
padxip tioKkodeae. > He touched him slightly
Dadup ilamkedeae. ) (with a stick.)
Dadur. Much, many, a large quan-
tity.
D9.durgem namkana. Tou want a large quan-
tity.
Dadurham. 1 -o i. i ■
■p. • J • , > liushy hair.
Dadurham. J -^
Dae. "(_ Misfortune, cause, responsi-
Daete. J bility ;, on account of.
Kami daeteye ruhetkodiiia. He scolded mo
on account of my work.
Dae paraoadirla. A misforbune has befallen
me.
Dae khalasenali. I am free from responsi-
bility.
Dae dae. To proclaim, to rnake pub-
lic, to call ont.
Lai baraeedae daedae. He proclaims it from
the house top.
Auriakem dae daekeda. Tou cried before you
were hurt.
Dae dae. Rising above the surround-
ing surface, prominent, protuber-
ant.
Dae daeii jombiakana.
Dae daele rakapa. We will raise it high above
the surrounding surface.
Daela. Tall, as a man ; long, as a horn,
&c.
Dae mudoe. Plaintiff and defendant.
Daeyok daeyolc. Taking long steps
and lifting the feet high, as a cam-
el does when walking.
Daeyok daeyoke tarama. He takes long steps
and lifts his feet high.
Dag. lo cremate, to burn the dead,
used generally of the coiij|ilcted
o]n'n\iion.
Nolfoe uondole dagkodoa. It was here we cre-
mated him.
D<ig. To mark, stain, brand, cauterize ;
a bli.'mish, spot, stigma, mark.
Pahrae dagea. Hi v.'ill brand the ox.
Get dag kantamap Phera dag. What is your
mark ? A hand spindle.
Daga. A misfortune, mishap, hindrance;
to deceive,to impose upon, to disap-
point.
Dagaii liamkeda, ouato bail senlena. I met
with a mishap, and so did not go.
Dagakediiiae. He imposed upon me.
p,' ° 1 •'■'■ Traitorous, deceitful, knav-
Dagabaji.'- .^j^
Dagaboj. J^
Adi dagabaj hor kanae. He is a great knave.
Dagak dagaU. By jerks, by twitches.
Dag-ak dagak orms. Pull by jerks.
Dagao. To bespeak, to arrange for.
Noa jinia mit' horc dagao dohoakat'a. Some one
has bespoken this article.
Dagar. ~) Quickly and vrith force,
D.igar dagar. J to tug, used generally
with ' ur' to pull.
Dagar martaye or got' Icoda. Ha gave it a tug.
Lobar dagar dagar bhathiye oreda, The black-
smith pulls quickly and strongly at the bel-
lows.
Dagar dugur. Toddling, said of a
child learning to walk.
Gidi'ako daj;;'.ar dugur liir baracako.
Bos dagar dugure taram darealta.
Dagar dugur. 1 Flickering, appearing
Dugur dugur. J for a second and then
disiippearing, as a light.
Bohg-a joloKkiinae, dagar dugur.
Dag dag. V/ell, luxuriantly, flourishing,
brilliant.
Dare do dag dagharakkana. The tree is grow-
ing luxuriantly.
S_iil cando rakapkana dag dag adi setohediiia,
l^inda cando rakapkana pirio piriu adi rabah-
ediiia.
Dag dagao. To grow well, to grow
luxuriantly, to flourish.
Dagdor. A medical practitioner, a
doctor.
Dagi. Spotted, stained, marked, ble-
mished, branded, blemished in
character or reputation.
Dagiakanae. Hia reputation is blemished.
15
Dagi mara
[ 114 ]
Dahin
Noa pg-hilre jahatise dg-gi iahanakana? Has
there been auy blemish on his character
previous to this P
Dagi mara. To be blemished in charac-
ter or reputation.
Dagi maraenae.
Dagmagao. To shake, to confuse ; to
be dizzy.
Eu^te (Jagmagaoenae. He is suffering from
ague.
Dagni. An iron with which an owner
brands his mark upon his cattle.
Dagor. Large.
Dagrin. A mid-wife.
Dagumcak. Hairy, shaggy, tufts or
patches of grass, or weeds in a field
that has been ploughed.
Bana dagumcaKko upana. Bears have shaggy
hair.
Dah. Enmity, ill-will, envy.
Pahteye metarikana. He says (this) about me
through envy.
Daha. The tazia of the Mohamedans.
TeheA dahako bhasana. To-day they will bury
(or throw into water) the tazia,
•p. , ■ > A deep pool in a river.
Karam daha. The pool with the Karam (q. v.)
tree growing on the bank.
Daha6 duhuc. Walking feebly, or care-
fully. ^
Dahad duha.de oaooKkana. He toddles.
Dahadahi. To flow, to saturate, to
spread abroad.
Daha d?.hi mayam atuentaea. Blood streamed
from him.
Dahades. All roundabout, to be scat-
tered, in the villages and country ;
no one knows where.
Dahades onte noteko senakana.
Daha dehe. ") Knotty, having knots or
Daha doho. J excrescences.
Paha doho dare. A tree having excrescences on
its surface.
Dahal. A species of wild dog differing
from Cuon rutilans.
Dahalao. ~|^ To wet, to saturate, to be-
Dahlao. j come waterlogged, to soften,
to jjersuade, to make way ; to boil,
as water.
Dahal seta. A large hound.
Dahao. To burn up, scorch ; to be hot
or feverish.
Oralc dahaoentakoa. Their house is burnt
down.
Hormo do (JahaoRa, ru?.te, ar setoite ho. The
' body is heated by fever, and scorched by
the sun's rays.
Sanam oaa ^ahaoentiiia. My crops are aU burn-
ed up.
Dahao. To test, to prove.
Sonako dahaoa. They test gold.
Jan hoko (Jahaokoa. They also test witch-
finders.
Dahap dahap. Heavy thudding sound,
of heavy footsteps.
Dahap dahapko tarama. They walk good heel
and toe.
Dahar. A cart track, a road made by
use.
Dahar dahar. l Quickly, with long
Dahar dehor. 1- steps, applied to large
Duhur duhur. j heavy-bodied subjects.
Dahar dahare calaKkana .He is walking quickly.
Dahar enec. A dance danced by girls
and women.
Dahar rar. The tune or air to which
the Dahar Seren (q. v.) are sung.
Dahar seren. A class of songs sung
when dancing the Dahar dance.
Bad tandire kuindi miru, jhao jhao,
Grupi kora tirioteko lebdalede, jhao jhao.
Dahar serefi.
Dahdahao. Hot, feverish.
Hormo ^ahiJahaoKkantaea. His body is hot.
iki^i ote dahalaokeda. The soil is saturated
and soft.
Enkan kathate bae dahalao hodoKa. He wUl
not be readily persuaded with arguments
like these.
Nui kuri do mit achar dalcte bae dahalaolca.
One shower of rain will not wet this girl.
(one telling will not suffice)
Dahe. Curds, curded milk.
Joran emkate dahe jamaoka.
Dahgi. Race, tribe, family, stock.
Onko dahgi kanae. He is of their stock.
Dahgoria. Revengeful, vindictive,
rancorous.
Jahae dahgoriat here nonkaaka^a. Some re-
vengeful person has done this.
Dahi. Ashes of anything burnt on the
ground for manure.
Dahi. Responsibility, liability.
Jawab dahi. T The responsibility of reply, or of
Jobab diiii. j- giving account.
Jobab dahi. 3
Dahin. The right hand, to pass over.
Onae dahinkeda. He left it on his right.
Dahin. To accede to request, to help,to
assist ; to be pleased, to be friendly.
Dahin
[ 115 ]
Daka
Bako d9,hinoKa. They do not accede to a re-
quest for help.
D?.hinakan tahenpe. Eemain friendly.
Bh9.i9,diko besge dahinre menaltkoa. The rela-
tives are on friendly terms with oaoh other
(or live at peace with each other.)
Dahin. A row of oxen tied together
treacling out grain.
Ag d»hin. The leading ox on the outside of
the circle.
Meh (Jaura. The ox on the inside, or the pivot
on which the row of bullocks turns.
Doga. The rope by which the bullocks
in a row or '' d^^hin are tied together.
Dahinau. To leave to the right hand.
Dahinau. Cf. dahnao.
Dahlao. To agitate, to moisten; to
become water logged, to cause one
to exert oneself.
Nes do ot 9.uri dahlaoka.
Bae dahlao dareaekana.
Mit' bar kathate bae dahlaoSa.
Dahna. ") A small quantity of
Arpa dahna. J ,^grain'given daily to
an agricultural labourer during
harvest, over and above his wages.
Dahnao. To pray, to honour, to wor-
ship, to appease, to propitiate.
Dgirhnao keteckotam. Propitiate your (deities.)
Bhitar ren baher renili d^hnaokoa, boiiga do.
Dahhga dahngi. Blazing, flaring.
Dahhga dahngi jolpe. Make it (the fire) blaze.
Dahngao. To blaze, to flare up ; to
increase.
4-^i jol dahngao godme. Make it blaze quickly
Santals when tending tassar silk worms use
'dahngao' instead of 'joF (q. v.) when they
have in any way to refer to lighting a fire.
To use 'jol' ia considered unlucky.
Daholi. Envy, spite, malice.
PahoK dahoKte ho laiafime.
PahoK 4ahoKte ho hirikaleme. Suppressing
your anger for the time being, pay us a
visit.
PahoK dahoKte ho poesari emaege. I will give
him the money grudgingly.
Dahon. To bum a corpse, to be burnt
up.
Pahonkedeale. We cremated him.
Dahrao. To walk, to move, to take
the road. Cf dahar.
Delabon (JahraoKpe. Come, let us take the road.
Dahri. A turban.
Cak daihri. A large round wheel-like turban.
Dahu. A large forest tree, Artocarpus
Lakoocha, Roxb.
The flowers and fruit of this tree are eaten.
Dahur bulau. To fix a date and give
invitations to join a hunting party,
fishing meet, &c.
Bako hakolenkhadko mena, giurialfko (Jahur
bulgiukeda. If they do not get fish they say
they invited ua in vain.
Dai. Elder sister.
Dai teliari. My elder sister and her husband.
Dg-i is used more especially when calling atten-
tion.
Dak. Water, rain, climate ; to rain.
DaK man^i. Eice water, a modest expression
for boiled rice, or food in general.
Ni^ sahantele daK m?.n(ji joiia. We will cook
our food with this fuel.
lll^im. } A mid-wife.
fhili dalf . A girl who can carry a small water
pot full of water on her head.
Marah dak lo ber. About 4 p. m.
Hudili daK lo ber. About 5 p. m.
Noa khet ban dakakana. There is not sufficient
water in this field (to plant rice.)
Dale bodoloka mente. For a change of air.
Dak. To string a bow, to tighten up
the mattress of woven twine of a
bed ; to tighten, or make taut.
Sendra ehobokre akko daga, ar sendra mokoii-
kateko 9<sida. They string their bows when
they begin to hunt, and when they stop
hunting they unstring them.
Ma parkom dakkam 4hilakana. Tighten up
the mattress, it has become slack.
Dak. Heat.
A4i dak paraokkana. The sun's rays are very
strong.
Dak. Call, summons.
AleaK dakte ohoe heilena. He will not come
at our summons.
Dak. A post for the conveyance of
letters, also relays of horses or palki
bearers.
Dak orak. Post office.
Pakwalla. A post runner.
Pak c9.uki. A stage on a road where travellers
rest or change horses.
Dak. A species of crane.
Dak. ]
Dakh. VA vine.
Darkha.J
Dak jo. Grapes.
Dak bagwan. A vineyard.
Dak nari. A vine.
Dak kakmanio. A vine dresser.
Dak thopa. A cluster of grapes.
Daka. Boiled or cooked caole fq. v.),
more especially boiled rice ; to cook
husked rice, Indian corn, and all
other grains which are husked
before cooking.
Daka
I 116 ]
Dal
- Eoro daka. Boiled rice.
Joncli-a „ „ Indian corn.
Ja,nhe „ ,, jaulie (q. v.)
Gundli „ „ gundli (q. v.)
Kodo „ „ kode (q. t.)
Iri ,, „ iri (q- y.)
Erba ,, ,, erba (q. v.)
Bajra „ ,, bajra (q. t.)
Lenclha ,, „ lendha (q. T.)
layo „ „ layo (q. v.)
Iilat eacle ,, ,, seed of the bamboo.
Mul! daka. Tbe chrysalida of cortain ants
which resemble grains of cooked rice. (The
chrysalids of Chutuii mno are eaten by the
Santala.)
Daka dak. A wooden trough used for
feeding pigs, watering cattle, and
at times for bathing.
Daka daki. "j To push, first to one
Dhaka dhaki. V side and then to ano-
Dhaka dhaki. J ther, as a person clear-
ing a way for himself in a crovv'd.
Dakal dakal. To move the body, as
Santal girls do when dancing ; to
shake, as when sitting in a fast
train; to move, as the adipose
tissue on the bodies of some fat
women.
Dakal dakal lagreko eneekana.
Dakao. To invoke, to call upon, to call
or send for, to summon.
BnhiloK ho boiigako ^lakaofcoa. On that day
also they invoke the deities.
Dakar dukur. ) To shake, to jolt, to
Dakar dukur. / waddle.
Dakar dnkure calak Iraua. He waddles along-.
Dak batta. The Greensli;i.nks, Tota aus
glottis.
Dak cita. A species of snake.
Dak dak. ~| Avery distant relative,
Dak dak pera. J very remutely related
to ; to treat one as a very remote
relative.
Asol pera doko bah kana, dalidali jjera kanalro.
They are not near relative;-^ (-^vho «iv6 yon a
good meal,) but only distant relatives (or
acquaintances) (who give yon only water
to drink.)
Dale dalcko perakedilia. They were not very
hospitable.
Dak daka. Food
ance.
DaK dakae liai;
snstenancy
and water ; susten-
TikaiJa. He has ceased to take
Dokdoka }^°^S, tall, high, projecting.
Dale dakram cere. The swallow.
Dak dalh-amak. Thatching grass.
Dakedak. To j)ass anything on from
stage to stage, or from village to
village.
Daks dakc koUei! tahekana. He had sent from
village to village (on to its destination.)
Dakhil. To pay, to arrive, to enter;
on the Lhreshhold ; about to.
GnjnK dakhil. Abont to die.
Dakhilciiae. He has a,rrived.
Haj'ani dakhilenae. He iy on thethreshhold of
old a::;c.
Khajnali dakhilkeda. I paid down my rent.
Dakhila. A receipt for money paid.
Pharkati. A receipt in full, a quittance.
Dakhilau. To arrive, to deliver.
Dakhilau otokate ru^r hijuk me. Deliver it
&n,J return.
Dak icak. A small plant found in
moist sittiations, Jtt/Saicea suffruti-
cGsu, Linn.
Dak kudur. A plant common during
the ]-ains, Soijuhia delphinifolia,
G. Dun.
Dakhnahi. From the south, southerly.
Dak horo. A tortoise that lives in
vv^ater.
Dak mandi ot. A species of mushroom.
Dakra. The poison put on an arrow
when set in the path of some wild
animal.
Dakrao. To invoke, to call upon.
Hakrao dakraoefpeale. We are calling upon
you.
Dak sadom. The Hippopotamus.
Dak sim. The little Cormorant, Gra-
culus Javat't icus.
Dak sosrijc. An insect resembling a
graswliopper that lives in water.
Daktar. A medical practitioner who
follows the European system of
medicine.
Daku. A robber, a highwayman.
DaL To split into tv/o or more pieces,
applied generally to dicotyledon-
ous fruits, when the cotyledons
are separated, and more especially
to the fruit of leguminous plants,
as split p)eas, &c., used as food.
Dal
[ 117 ]
Dalpaii
Baheydal. Split fruit of Cajanua Indious,
Spi'eng.
Muiid?!. „ PhasooluH Mnngo var.
Max, L.
Horeo dflil. ,, Doliubos biflorus, L.
Eamrad?.!. „ Pliascolus Mungo var.
radiatua, L.
. Ghaiira d^l. „ Vigua Catiang, Endl.
Disom horeo d*l ,, Glycine Sojii, Siebr, &
Zuoc.
M9.sri d9.1 „ Ervum lens, L.
Kesari d?.l ,, Lathyrus sativus, L.
Alpalwadal „ Phaseolua aooutifolias,
Jacq.
But dal „ Cicer arietintim, L.
MaJhan dal ,, DoliohoB Lablab, L.
Buru raiier djl ,, Cyamopsia psorialioi-
des, D. G.
Moo dg.! „ Phaseolua oaloaratus.
Mafor dal. Split peas, Pisum arvense, L.
Kui(Ji dal. Split kernals of the fruit of the Mat-
kom tree (q. v.)
Noa kat do pon d*l hoeena. This log has been
cut into fonrplanka.
Dal. Deep mud, a quagmire.
Dal. Wild rice.
Dal. To strike, to thresh grain with
a flail.
Dal olkedeali. I hit and waled him.
Dal ihgulkedeaA. I struck him slightly with
my open hand.
Janhe dadaliil calaKkana. I am going to thresh
janhe (q. v.)
Ce£ bail se babu, janhe dale dalkedi/ia. Would
you believe it, he struck me as one does
janhe with a flail.
Dalgahkedeae. He struck him, and caused a
contused wound.
Dala. A large basket.
Dalae dalae. Shaking, hair flying
about one's shoulders.
Noa dare dalae dalae hilg.uKkana.
Dalae dalaeye rumoKkana.
Dalahi. A marsh, a quagmire.
Dalak dalak. Cf. dakal dakal.
Dalai. A broker, a tout.
Dalali. Brokerage, commission.
Dalari dulun. To toddle, to walk as a
very little child.
Palah duluh parlja baraedirt kanae. He tod-
dles here and there after me.
Dalao. To issue or promulgate an
order, to make over to, to commit to.
Hukume dalaokeda. He issued an order.
Am id dalaoafmea. I have committed this mat-
ter to you.
Dalcan. M. "I Slovenly, with dishevelled
Dulcun. F. J hair.
- Duloune AeloKkana. She looks slovenly.
Daldalahi. A marsh, a quagmire.
Daldalao. To shake, to quiver, to be
panic stricken.
Gota ato horko daldalaoena. The people of the
whole village are panio stricken,
^ndhite oral? daldalaoena. The bouse shook
with the storm.
Daldalao. To grow luxuriantly.
Horo bhage bhage daldalaoena. The dhan has
grown luxuriantly.
Dalel. Documentary proof.
Dalhi. A marsh, a quagmire.
Dalic. A small, flat, round basket.
Dalidar. A glutton.
Pali dhaurak. A method of trial by
ordeal.
Two branches, one for each party to the dispute,
are placed upright in a ta nk and allowed to
remain in that position over night. The
person, whose branch withers, la adjudged
the guilty party.
Dalil. A document, any legal instru-
ment, documentary proof.
Dalil. Extra work, as punishment,
(a tea garden term.)
D9.Ulkedoako. They punished him by giving
him extra work.
Dalim. The fruit of the Pomegranate,
Punica ranaturii, Linn.
Pali phuli. A method of trial by or-
deal.
Two small parcels of rice, one for each party to
the difipute, are buried overnight in an ant
hill. The person whose parcel has been
attacked by the white ants during the night
is condemned as guilty.
Dalis. A bond.
Dalkao. To shake, to quiver, to be
afraid.
DLarti dalkaoU. An earthquake.
Orak dalkaoena. The house shook.
Dallali. ~) t, i • •
Kpfl I'i (■ -DroKerage, commission.
Dalmal. 1 To shake, to reverberate, to
Dalmalao.J excite or agitate, to dis-
turb.
Gota, disomko da,Imalaokeda.
the whole country.
Daioe daloe. Cf dalae dalae.
Dalop. To put on thatch without ty-
ing it down to the roof frame ; to
cover, to obscure.
Rimilte sermae dalop cabaaka^a. The sky is all
obscured with clouds.
Dalpaii. Clothed with a garment short-
erthan that usually worn.
They agitated
Dalpud
[ 118 ]
Danai
Dalpun. A short quilted cloth worn
round the loins, worn sometimes
by women.
Dalwalj. A large flat basket.
Dalwak. Scales of a balance, generally
of bamboo.
Dam. Price, rate, wages, value.
Bar annae damkeda. He priced itattwoannaa.
Tin^lcem damkoa!? What price do you put on
them.
DamanaE dhiri. A precious stone.
Dama. Asthma.
Dama.
Akhir dama,
J
Cf. dima.
Damadol. Distressed, disorganized, a-
gitated,
K^mi bgtnulttalea, ^amatjolenale. We are out
of employment and are in great distress.
Noa ato do glama^olena.
Dama domo. Very much swollen, as a
person suffering from dropsy ; big,
huge.
Dama domo jaaga moentaea. His foot is very
much swollen.
Dal dama domokedeae. He beat him till he
swelled. (He struck him and produced
much swelling.)
Damae dundrai. To ask for with blus-
ter and threats.
Dambrao. To obscure, to cover, to in-
crease, to pervade.
TumdaKe dambraoaka£a. He has covered the
drum (put leather on the open ends.)
Eua dambraoakantaea. His f eyer has increased.
Dambrao. To become less, to decline
in intensity.
Engi dambraoakantaea, His fever has declined.
Edre dambraoakantaea. His wrath has cooled.
Dambri. One eighth of a pice.
Damcalc. Stunted, undersized.
Damoalf ena. It is stunted.
Damcak. M. "i Dishevelled, untidy, un-
Damci. F. / kempt.
Damoalf kora. A lad with unkempt hair.
Damci knri. A girl with unkempt looks.
Damdahe. To proclaim, to spread
abroad, to be notorious.
Go^a disomre uniaS: damdaheena. His fame
went abroad into all the country.
Damdam. Thick, as a clump of bam-
boos, or head of hair.
Damdam up. Thick, coarse head of hair.
Damdam dareakau ma£ dandhi. The clump
of bamboos has grown very thick.
■ [To fix a price, to bargain.
Dam dari.
Dam duri.
Ondeko dam dufieda. They are bargaining
over there.
Damgi. A mound, a hillock.
Damka dumka. Big and little, unequal.
Pamka dumka joakana nea. This year the fruit
is of unequal size.
Damka dura. Big and little, unequal,
applied to root tubers and fruits.
Damka (Jur?. daakana. The tubers are of un-
equal size.
Damkam. Dues, out-standings.
DamkamiA ad|i lagifi. I (am come) for tha
purpose of collecting my dues.
Damkam menaKtiila, ona sidi lagi^id calalfkana.
I have out-standings which I am going to
collect.
Damkom. A bull calf
Dampol dampol. Sound produced by
one end of the dhitiki striking the
ground. Cf dhampol dhampol.
Damra. M. ") A steer.
Damri. F. J A heifer.
Damri. The eighth part of a paesa or
pice.
Damsao. ") To shake, to relapse, as an
Dhamsao. J illness.
Ph?iri?.len tahekanae, are lt?.mike£te ma arho
damsao ruarentaea. He got well and by
going to work suffered a relapse.
Nondem dallekhan onte damsaoKa. If you strike
here it shakes over there.
Damnl. To transport convicts.
Damulkedeako. They transported him.
Dan. To gift ; a gift, largess ; freely,
gratis.
Danpun. To obtain merit by giving.
Danpunalekanae. He is very free with his
gifts to us, (as if be were laying up a store
of merit.)
Dantegepe liamkeda, dantege emoKpe. Freely
ye have received, freely give.
Dan. A witch ; witchcraft.
Nui do 4*necefeda. She is learning witchcraft.
Dana. Grain, food, gram.
Danji pani. Food and drink, sustenance.
Jaharege danapani liamoK, on(Jegeli tahena.
I will remain wherever I can get a living.
Danap9,ni purauentaea. His allotment of
food is exhausted, (his end has come.)
Danai. To judge, to consider, to decide;
fate, fortune.
Dan?.iUatilime. Judge for me.
Jage iiiaK dan?,ire hoyoK. Whatever may be
my fate.
Danan
I 119 ]
Dan
Danad. To conceal, to hide, to disappear,
to depart this life ; to trust to, to
shelter.
Dare danahre mono ea. Hois hidden by the tree .
Danahenae. He has passed from view, i. e. is
dead.
Danan pera. Hidden friends, i. e. the bongas
(q. v.)
Danapal. Three pieces of wood placed
above a corpse on the funeral pile
to keep it in position ; a covering.
Dana pani. Food and water; sustenance.
Dand. \ To take thought, to be anx-
Dandi.J ious.
Onate gapa lagif alope dandoSa. Therefore
take no thought for the morrow.
Ape motore okoe hor dandkate aoaK din mi^
ghnfi gane badhao darekea P Which of you
by being anxious can prolong hia life by
one hour ?
Dand. Part of a tank at each of the
embankment where it is prolonged
into a narrow channel, often leading
to the overflow channel.
T)^^t 1 '^° impose a fine ; a fine.
Gel taka ^an^ko »gukedifia. They fined me
ten rupees.
Dandomedili kanako. They are fining me.
Danda. The loins, waist.
Panda dora. A cord worn by males round the
loins and by girls before being invested
with a garment.
Dandagiri. To consider ; thought, anx-
iety, diligence, forethought, pains.
441 dandagirite noko mihu merom doe jumao-
akafkoa. It has been with great pains
that he has gathered all these cattle.
Dandanao. Quickly, furiously, rushing
angrily.
Daliii lagi6 dandanao hedenae. He rushed at
mo to strike me.
Dandanao g,curoK. To revolve rapidly.
Dander. A cave, a den.
Kul dander, tiger's den.
Bana dander. A bear's den.
Dandha. To consider, to think, to be
in anxiety, to search for anxiously,
to labour ; anxiety, care.
Dandha bafajohkanae. He is seeking anxiously
for.
Dandha dandhi. Cf dandhao.
Dandha mandha. Uncertain, vaguely,
doubtfully, ambiguously ; perhaps.
Dandha mandhae rorkeda, calaK coe ban con.
He spoke doubtfully, whether he will go or
not (I can't say.)
Pan^hao. "I To grow luxuriantly,
Dandha dandhi. J as dhan, &c.
Pan^haoakana. It has grown luxuriantly,
fian^ha dandhi dareakana. It has grown luxu-
riantly.
Dandhi. A clump.
Janum d?.ndhi. A clump of thorns.
Mat dandhi. A clump of bamboos.
Cero dandhi. A clump of sun grass.
Dandi. A stalk.
Ak 4^n4i. A stalk of sugarcane.
Dandi. Cf. dand.
Dandi Boundary.
Pih 4*n(}i. Hamlets and boundaries.
Simg. 4*niji ren boiiga. The spirit of the boun-
daries.
Dandid. The arm of a balance.
Dandit. Line, stem, handle, shaft.
Tula 4^ndi6. The arm of a balance.
Srgom d9.ndi£. The shaft of a clod crusher.
Catom d*ndi4. The shank of an umbrella.
0£ d9n4i£te£. The stem of a mushroom.
Pj^J^^'JA species offish.
Dandle. Hair hanging loose, hair un-
fastened and unkempt.
Up dandlegetaea. Her hair is flying loose.
Dandoli. A string worn round the
waist (dora, q. v.) with a large
tassel attached to it.
Dandom. To impose a fine ; a fine.
Dandom. A handle, shaft.
Kn(Ji dandom. A hoe handle.
Tehgod dand om. An axe handle.
TamaK dandom. A drum stick.
Buru Random. End of a hill.
Burn dandomrepe oraKakafa. Ton have built
your house at the end of the hill.
Dandra dandri. \ Anxiously, though-
Dandra dandri. J fully, diligently.
^pum ar iri do dandra dandrilili liambaraefme
tahekana. Thy father and I sought thee
sorrowing.
Dandrau. To look for anxiously.
Gidrg. eiigat lagit dandrau baraekanae. The
child is looking anxiously for its mother.
Dane sane. Glutted, gorged with food
Dane saneye jom biena. He has gorged him-
self with food.
Dane sane gitio barae kanae. He is lying
torpid after having gorged himseK.
Dan. A pole.
' BanaK dan. A pole with a hook at one end used
to pull down dried branches or fruit from
trees.
Pah thelaakoako. They will blame others.
Daa
[ 120 ]
Dap
Dati. A heap, a jjile ; to pile up, to
heap.
Nondepe hec d^hakana. Tou have crowded
together here.
Danga. "I To fight, or strike each
Mar danga. j other ; a free fight ;
to assault.
Danga. High land unsuitable for rice
cultivation.
Dangal. High lands unsuitable for
rice cultivation.
Pahgal ocotedam khet do. Tou have allowed
the rice field to become hig-h land, (allowed
it to be silted up with sand.)
Dangaura. A rubbish heap, a heap of
rubbish.
Dangi. ■ A part of the slope of a hill.
Buru dhasna. The foot of the hill.
Buru beda. The part higher up than the
*' dhasna."
Buru d9.ngi. Above the "beda."
DaiigoM. 1 T-r -1
T\ ■ ± J- Humorous, i ocular.
Dangot. J •'
Dahgot mara hor.
Dangua. Ummarried, bachelorhood or
spinsterhood ; barren, as a tree ;
unfertilized, as Indian corn.
Ding?, ^^liigua. Unmarried, bachelorhood or
spinsterhood.
Pahgua kora. A bachelor.
Pglbgua Icuri. A spinster.
Danra. An ox, a bullock.
Mxini^ra, dahra. A polled ox ; a tiger.
Eahgia dahra. A red ox ; fire ; a tiger
Danra janum. A rather uncommon
plant, one of the very few prickly
thistles found in Santalia, Echi-
no2JS echinahis, D. G.
Danra sea. A common bush, Premna
latifolia, var caneata, Ra.i-b.
Danri Cattle in general ; a cow.
Danpun. Cf dan.
Danta. A thick stick, a club.
Danta enec. A dance by men, danced
during the Sohrae. (q. v. )
Dantao. To rebuke, to chide.
Bes okoete dantaokotape. Rebuke them
effectively.
Cedalfpe danfaoedekana p Why do you chide
him ?
Dantha dontho. Warty, knotty, haying-
knobs or excrescences, as a tree ;
in lumps, or clusters.
Noa kanthar do adi (Jantha dontho joakana.
This jack tree has many clusters of fruit.
Dao. Opportunity, a hole in the harness.
Dao hoeen khan. When a convenient season
arrived.
Dao dao. Noise produced by the spin-
ing wheel (carkha), and by a well
braced tannak (q. v.), or by a pair
o{ tuTiidaTcs (q. v.)
Tumdak besko jutakat'a dao dao sadekana.
Dao dao. In crowds, in swarms ; buz-
zing.
Pao daoko hijuKa. They come buzzing in
swarms.
T-v^ "i ■ |- Opportunity ,a good chance.
Dao ghaoiil iSamketteli bhagaokedea. I took
him at a disadvantage and so conquered
him.
Dao ghaoiii ilamkeda, onate dher iloKiii kirili-
keda. I got a good chance and so bought a
considerable quantity.
Dap. To cover, to thatch.
OraKiii dab Igigit'. I am about to thatch my
house.
TumdaK dabme. Coyer the drum, (the open
ends with skin.)
Dapa dapi. Threatening to assault
each other when quarrelling.
Dapa dg,piko kaphariaul^kana. They are quar-
relling and seem as if about to proceed to
blows.
Dapal. To cover, to conceal.
Rabahedekana, ma dapalkaeme. He is cold,
cover him up.
Dapal. To strike each other, to fight.
Cf dal.
Dapal siro soroakanakin. They have fought
and wounded each other, to the effusion of
blood.
Daj)an dapan. Wearing the sari very
short, above the knees.
Netar horo rohoere dapah dapahko bandeka
losot botorte. At this time of the year
when planting rice many wear the sari
very short for fear of the mud.
Dapafi. \ Dirty, discoloured, as
Dapat dapat. J food burnt in cooking.
Jondra daka dapa^ dapaf rohgoakana. The
boiled Indian corn is burnt to discolour-
ation.
Dap dapa. Very wide, broad.
A^i dap dapam dohokeda dug-r do. Tou have
made the door very wide.
Dap duf). ~) To tilt up, to alternately
Dip dap. J rise and descend, as the
arm of a balance.
Mit'tegebon gidima, bahkhanbo dap dupkolca.
Let us all throw at once else it may tilt
up and give ua a knock.
Dap dup
[ 121 ]
Dan
Dap dup. Soui\d produced by light
objects falling in succession.
Jo do (Jap (Ju p (iur go£ena . The fruit fell patter-
ing down.
Diripkao. To boil, to cook.
DaU (Japkaome. Boil some water.
Caole ^apbaome. Cook the rieo.
Dapkao. To forbid, to subdue, to set
down.
Ruhef dapVaokedeae. He aoolded and pnt him
down.
Dapkao. To ci'ouch down, lying in
wait for prey.
Dapor. ^ In comp. gives the idea of in-
Napor. y difference, outright, there is
Nepor.J an end of it, end it, be done
with it, in the end, eventually.
Goc daporoltmae. Let him die (it is a matter
of no moment to me).
Adoe jaha daporoKge noare doA nirdoaigea.
What ever may erentually become of him
I am without blame.
Dumur rielkope bhala, gofa raban dinko dufup
dapor johkana. Look at the honey bees,
they remain idle the winter through.
Bea daporltoKa. It might eventually be best.
Em daporaeme. Gire to her and get done with
her.
NaseaKiii capat'lede doe goa dapor got'en. I
only struck him lightly (with a stone) and
he died outright.
Doho daporkam, tinjlc bam tulkal? ? Put it
down (don't trouble yourself further with
it), how long will you hold it up P
Dapram. To meet. Cf darani.
Oka thenpe dapramena? Barakarre. Where
did you meet each other? At the Barakar.
Dapthu. Large, big.
' Dapthu bohoK. A big head.
Dar. Inflamed, area of inflammation of
a boil.
NinaUte darakana. The inflammation extends
thus far.
Ojo leka dareuako. They have an inflamed .area
like a boil. (Said of an upstart who has
a great idea of his own importance.)
Dar. A fissure, a rent, a trench.
Dargada. Excavation for a foundation, or for
a " deadset " hedge.
Mi£ kudi darte laeme. Dig the trench the
breadth of one kudali.
Dar. To run, to flee, to change resi-
dence.
Dar tapkedae. He ran off. „. , , ,
B(al{ atoteko darkeda. They flitted to another
village.
P^r. A branch of a tree.
Dara. \ g^ ^gans of, through.
Uni darateli jiamkeda. I got it through him.
Daril. To walk, to go.
Dara darateil laiigaena. I am tired with walk-
ing.
Dara dareakae. He is able to walk.
Dara barae. To walk about.
Dara. To come.
Darakin kana. They two are roming.
Hanko darakokana. Thej' are coming.
Agu dara. To bring along with.
Bolo dara. To enter on the way coming.
Nel dara. To view on the way coming.
Sap dara. To bring, along witli.
.Tom dara. To eat and come.
Hobo dara. To call one when coming.
Dal dara. To beat coming.
Laga dara. To bring driving.
Dara. Cf darao.
Darac duruc. Of unequal height, great
and small.
Dara dar. Instantly, immediately.
Dara dg.rko palijakedea. They followed her
immediately.
Dara duru. So made as not to stand
steadily, or upright ; to sway.
Dara durum kiriA ^.guket. Touhave bought
a thing that won't stand steadily.
Darae darae. Sound of thumping,
slamming, clanking.
SilpiA sadckana dafae dayae. The door is being
slammed.
Jog Mgirijhi do bhagete darae darae silpirte so-
boga.
Darae dhampae /IBusy, many things
Darae dhapae. /requiring attention;
diligently, hastily, without delay.
Darae dhampae liele l^gite calakkana. He is
hurrying to see him.
Darahara. \Fine, large, substantial,
Dharahara. J applied to houses.
Darahara oraK. A splendid mansion.
Darak darak. Frequently, often, with-
out ceasing.
Darak darak tinakem hijn'kana. How long
will you keep coming.
Darak darakiii hohokeda, enh3 bam heilena. I
called several times, still you did not come.
Daram. To meet, to oppose ; to show
hospitality.
Bes okoeteye daramke(!koa. He entertained
them hospitably.
Ruhe£ daramkediriae. He met me with angry
words.
Idi daram. To take to one coming.
Ba(Jae daram. To know before hand, to fore-
know.
;Sel daramem, bahkhas daram ?-guem. Look
out for him, or else go to meet him and bring
him.
Peraii daramkefkoa. I went to meet my
' friends, or I entertained my friends.
Bar bore daramkefikina. He met two men.
Ataii daram. To welcome, to shew hospitality,
to receive, to hold out to meet, as the handa.
Phalre sariil atah darama. I will intercept the
arrows with my shield.
16
Daram dali
[ 122 1
Dare dhatuali
Daram dal<. A ceremony observed at
marriages.
The bridegroom and Mb party halt at the
entrance to the bride's village and the per-
son who negotiated the marriage goes for-
ward and informs them of the arrival of the
bridegroom. The Jog Maiiihi of the bride's
village carrying a brass lota, and the village
messenger (Go(Jet) carrying a waterpot
full of water go to meet them, saying,
"Here friends is water to drink."
Daran. To walk, to journey, to travel.
Ened enedte kulhiko darana. They go about the
street dancing.
Dhairti daranre. During the earthly pilgrimage
or journey.
Is?-! jatri reaK daran. The Christian Pilgrim's
Progress.
Daran. Steep, precipitous.
Darah. A break in the line of a precipice, a
cave in the face of a precipice.
Ekalte sidup darah. Almost perpendicular.
Daran. "1 White hot, blazing hot;
Daran daran. /glowing.
Merhej: darah darah dhipauatana. The iron is
heated to a white heat.
Oh darahme. Blow it (fire) into a glow.
Daran durun. Dowdy, out of sorts,
seedy, not fully awake, applied also
to the condition of one suffering
from coryza or low fever.
Darao. ~) To prove, to bring evidence,
Dara. J to disprove, to traverse, to
accuse.
Noa katha amem darao dareaKa? Can you dis-
prove this statement?
Ado dara oae portonkateko menkeda . And they
began to accuse him saying.
Abenalf katha daraoS lekanaK kangea. Tour
statement is like one that can be proved.
-p. P' |- Metal, excluding iron.
Dara soro.
Doro soro,
Dara soroe ru^likana. He has alight fever
Darau. ") Loudly, at the top of
Darau darau. J one's voice, loud
voiced.
Euhet'edae darau dar9.u. She scolds at the top
of her voice.
Darban. A door keeper.
Darbar. ") A conclave, a meeting for the
Dorbar. J discussion and settlement of
mr Iters.
Dardaha. A glutton, gluttonous.
VTo roll, as a stone or ball.
;} Slightly.
Dhardharao.J '
Dardarao. To split, to crack, as a wall
or an embankment.
Ahar are do dardaraolfkana ma hasawaKme.
The embankment of the ahar(q. v.) is crack-
ing, put earth on it.
Dar dhup. To run hither and thither,
to work or labour hard ; toil and
trouble.
4(Jile dar dhupkeda bae tikauleda. We did all
that we could (went here and there for
medicine and doctors) but he did not pull
through.
Dare. A tree, a plant ; to grow, to
grow well.
Bah darelena. It did not grow well.
Toa dare. Mother, the support of life.
Dare. Strength, power, might, ability ;
to over-come, to vanquish, to con-
quer.
Dare hor. An able bodied man.
Uni tulu'o bae darelena. He was no match for
him.
Amem dareena. Ton conquered.
Bako dareaea. They can't vanquish him.
Ghas ni9.ge daretako. Grass is their strength.
Parkomre ota darekate berefme. Strengthen
yourself by pressing (your hands) on the
bed and get up.
Dare bhor. Full strength.
Daregeli i^el otoledea. I left him strengthened
(recovering.)
Dare Anrentiiia. I have become old, or poor,
or weak.
DarS. A sacrifice, a victim ; to devote to
sacrificial purposes.
Dare samah. To offer sacrifice.
Ohoii akriAlekoa noko do bohga dare kanako.
1 cannot sell them, they are devoted to the
deities.
Marah Burn dareko samahaea. They offer
sacrifice to Marang Burn. (q. v.)
Noko dareii samahkoa hapen. T will offer these
victims in the future.
Dare tehgen. To sever the head from an animal
when aacrifloing it by pressing the neck
against a sharp blade.
Dare banki. A very common orchid,
Vanda Roxburghii, R. Br. Cf
banki.
Dare dhatuak. \ Not to put forth one's
Dare dhatuat. J strength, not to exert
one's self; slothful, lazy.
Nui do dare dhatuaK kanae, bahkhan noa jaega-
reye asulkoBa. He is slothful, otherwise
he could get a living out of this land.
Dare dhgitualckhanemioma? If you reserve your
strength (if you do not exert yourself) will
you get food P
Darepe dhatuada. You did not spend your
strength.
Dare ^hompo
[ 123 ]
Darrao
Dare dhompo. An annual plant grow-
ing to a height of eight or ten
feet, found near villages, Leonatis
nepetcefolia, R. Br. Cf. bonga bar-
chi.
Dare huter. A common plant, Indi-
gofera pulchella, Roxb.
Dare japalj. A large jungle climbing
plant, Scindapsus officinalis,
Schott.
Dare kudrum. Cultivated for its iibre,
Hibiscus cannabintis, Linn.
Dare orsa. A small plant common during
the rains, Gommelyna suff^rut-
icosa, Bl.
Darga. A precipice.
Marah utar darga menalca. There is animmense
precipice (there.)
Dargu dargu. Large, big.
i)g.rgu dgirgn joaVana. The fruit la very large.
Darha. A pool or deep place in a river.
DaK darhaakafae. The water has scooped out
a pool.
4^1 maraii darhap bohoK . An immensely large
head.
Dari. A small cotton carpet or floor
cloth ; a cotton rug for sleeping
on.
J^^"- , . I A prostitute.
Dan chmar.J ^
Daria. Thick, obstinate, sluggish, thick
skinned, impervious.
Adi daria montae bae ghamaoKa. He is very
sluggish; he won't fire up.
4.(Ji dari9,pe erkeda . Tou have sown the seed
very thickly.
Dariap. To investigate, to enquire
into, to consider.
Cele, monere dom d?iri3ipkeda ? Hare you con-
sidered it ?
Dariaptabonpe. Investigate for us.
Dariau. \ The sea, ocean, large river,
Doreao. J like an inland sea.
Dalidarem tapena? Have you emerged a glutton?
Darja. Property, house and stock.
Khub darja menaKtaea. He is very will-to-do.
Darja. Degree, rank, station.
Darji. A tailor.
Darka. A species of fish. Cf dandka.
Darka dale. With dishevelled hair.
Said of women who throw their
hair loose, as a sign of sori'ow,
shame, or anger, or to excite pity
or compassion.
Darka daleye raKeda. She weeps with her hair
loose and in disorder.
Darkak dorkok. Rough and uneven,
as a road ; to jolt over a rough
road. Cf dharkak dhorkok.
Darkal uiarkal. "1 With dishevelled hair,
Darkul markul. J applied to men as
" darkadale " (q. v.) is applied to
women.
Darkao. To crack, to break.
Bhit darkaoena. The wall is cracked.
Darkhas. A petition, a plaint.
Darkul markul. C£ darkal markal.
Darmaha. Wages, pay.
Darmal. To go bail, to become surety ;
respectable, well-to-do.
D9.rmalakanam, ma h?ijirem. You went bail
for him, make him appear.
Nui doe d9.rmalakadea. He made him his surety.
Dermal hor kanae. He is a well-to-do, res-
pectable man.
Darman. Bullet-headed.
Maran darmane haraakana.
Darmot. Obstinate, thick-skinned,
stout, sturdy, wealthy.
Khub darmot hor kanae. He is a stout fellow.
Darnga. Steep.
Darpot. 1 Applied to the tumdak (q. v.)
Dorpot. J drum when the lacquer or
varnish is worn off the ends by
beating ; flawed, blemished, defec-
tive.
Noa khunti do darpotgea, oaKpe lagaokeda?
This post has a flaw in it why did you put it
in?
Darrao. To slip, as by treading on
something slippery; to stumble,
as by treading on something that
rolls from underneath the feet.
Mutkuri dhirirem lebetlekhan darrao gofkolf-
am. If you tread on a round stone it will
roll from under your feet and .jou will
stumble.
Darrao. To roll, to husk, as by grinding
with ;i, curry stone.
Darrao d*l. D91I made by grinding with a
curry stone.
Darsar
[ 124 ]
Dator
I |S1«P«
of a hill.
DarsSr.
Dharsar
Darsau. To look to, to hope in, to
claim protection or justice.
Adim d?irsauedekana, bae ganoKa. You trust
greatly in him, he is a broken reed.
Daru. Large, big.
D9.ru bohoK. A big head.
Dg-ru nl. ■ A mango tree that bears fruit of a
large size.
Daru daru joakana, nes. This year it has
borne large fruit.
Daru. Gunpowder.
Daru. Distilled liquor, from matkom
(q. V.) flowers.
Daruk dacuk. Quickly, untidy, stained
with travel or work.
Adi davuK daoultem heo goijen do. You have
come in great haste.
Nito]^ do kami khon d^ruU dacuke hijul^kana.
Daruoidhak. Very much, greatly,
applied to swellings.
Daramdhake moakana. He is very much
swollen.
Darum sarum. Very hairy, shaggy.
■ Bana darum sarumko upana. Bears have shag-
gy hair.
Darun. Concerning.
Get; darunteko giripdarkedea? For what reason
did they apprehend him?
Damn. Painful, excruciating.
Darwan. A door keeper.
Darya dapak. ■) Used by a wife when
Darya rapak. J scolding her husband.
■pj ' > Condition, state, luck.
Iliak dasa Jiurentiiia. My condition has fallen
(I have become poor or "wretched.)
Uniak dasa onkangelaea. That is just his luck.
Dasae. The month Asin, September-
October.
Dasae porob. A festival observed in the month
of Dasae (q. v.).
Dasao. ") To fall, to crumble down, to
Dhasao. J collapse, as a wall.
Bhit dasaoena. The wall has collapsed.
Da.saona. A .small ladle used to lift oil.
Mit dasaona sunnm. A small ladlefuU of oil.
Dasi. A fringe.
Dasi. A female sorvant, a maid servant.
Gutiko dasiko. Male and female servants.
TM, r Slope of a hill.
Dastur. Custom, usage.
Dastur leka. According to Suatom.
Dasturi. Discount, commission, bro-
kerage.
Dat. A tooth.
Dat. A pick, a mattock.
Data. A tooth, the teeth.
Togoc (Jata. To gnash the teeth.
Data dati. To rebuke both parties to
a quarrel.
Data (J?itikakope, aloko nonk?. barae.
y. ,; ' I A twig used as a tooth
T-s , •" I brush : to clean the teeth.
Dataum. J '
Auriii dataunika. I have not yet cleaned my
teeth, i. e. I have not yet broken my fast.
Santals as a rule do not eat before cleaning
their teeth in the morning.
Datela. A large wild boar with huge
tusks.
Datha duthu. Adult, grown up.
Eken datha duthu horko tahekana. There
were only grown np people there.
Datha duthu. Having no family.
Dathi. 1 The petioles and mid-ribs of a
Dati. y compound leaf after the leaf-
DhathiJ lets have been plucked off,
stalks of certain plants, as Indian
corn, after the grain has been taken
off.
Munga arak dathi. Petioles and mid-ribs of
the leaves of Monnga pterygosperma,
Gxrtn., after the leaves have been plucked
off for cooking.
Dhathi. Pattern, sample.
Nia dhathi benaome. Make it like this pattern.
Dathi. Importunate, clamant.
Nui do adie dathia. He is very importunate.
Dathu. 1
Datkap. iBig headed, bullet headed.
Datu. J
Marah datkap kul. A tiger with a very large
head.
Datka orak. ) . 1 -j. 1 1
Dakka orak. J^ ''i*°^^'^> '' cookroom.
Datli. Cf datri.
Datmot. Stout, strong, robust, stout
and vigorous.
Khub ijatmot kora kanae. He is a strong
vigorous young man.
Date. The claws or pincers (chelse) of
crabs, &c.
Datom. ") To seize with the claws or pin-
Ditom. J cers, as crabs, scorpions, &c.
Katkom ditomkediilae.
with ita pincers.
The ofab seized me
Datra
[ 125 ]
Debo (Irbe
Datra. Vrwo plants go by this name
Dhatra.5 Dl uit a ra alba, and Dhatura
fatituosa.
Datre. A small sickle.
Datri \Used sometimes by one wo-
Datli. J man when scolding another.
JoloKem fleloKkana datri do.
Datri. Eice and kode (q. v.) flour cook-
ed together.
Datrisa. Bleeding from the gums.
Datrom. A toothed sickle.
Laiit^' datrom. A sickle without a handle.
Sambhe datrom. A sickle with a ferrule, or
iron ring on the handle where the tang
enters to keep it from splitting.
Datu. Cf. dathi.
Dauladauli. ~| rn 4. „„„„„
T-. ■ , • • )■ To cut up a carcase.
Daulau. J ^
Ma hakopako daula daulipe.
the carcase qmokly.
Come, cut up
Daulat. Wealth, property.
Daulatan. Wealthy, possessed of pro
perty.
Daulau. Ct. dauladauli.
Daura. A large round shallow flat-
bottomed basket.
Baku d?.ura. A specially large basketin which
a bride is raised shoulder high at the time
the bridegroom applies the red paint to
her forehead.
Daura dauri. Quickly, in haste.
Daura dauriye calao gofena. He left in haste.
Dauraha. A village runner, guide or
messenger.
Daura soprot. Punishment in which
the criminal is moved from place
to place.
Daurau. To go quickly.
Ma dauraume. Go quickly.
Dauric. A round shallow flat bottomed
basket, smaller than a ' duvra.' (q. v.)
Dawa. To lay claim to, to insist.
Dawa dokhol banuKtaea. He has no right
whatever. .
CalaK lajitem dawaeda? You insist on going?
Dawahi. Importunate, clamorous.
A-Ji dawahi hor kanae. He is a very importunate
individual.
Dawaa dawan. "I Suspended, depending,
Diari dian. / hanging, dangling.
r)iari rii9he sapakata. He holds it suspended
from his hand.
Cei; dian diaham asen baraedekana? Why ao
you take hira about dangling after you? (a
mother taking her child about with her.)
Dowat j^^i^ink bottle.
Daya. Mercy, pity; piteously, plain-
tively ; to shew mercy or pity.
Daya maya. Pity and sympathy.
Daya banulitakoa. They are merciless.
Dayawadegeae. He had pity on him.
Rici oefe daya^eye raga. The Eichi bird {Oiixuu
Swainsonii) calls plaintively.
Dayageli lielekana. I feel pity for him.
Dayaff lekae emoUkana. He gives grudgingly.
Bae dayawadea. Ho did not spare him.
Daya hathea raraUkanae. He weeps piteously.
Dayak dayak. Wearisome, tedious,
disheartening, as a large extent of
bare uninhabited country or a
large forest to a traveller.
Dayalc dayak noa tandi do adi maraiia. This
is a large wearisome plain.
DayaK dayak mun^u. A wearisome jungle.
Dayik. Responsible, liable to, in dan-
ger of
De. An interjection of entreaty.
De hijuKme. Do come.
De emaiime. Do give to me.
De alijomkatifime. Do listen to my prayer.
Debon kami hoda. Come, let us work hard.
De na usara hodme. Now my girl, do be quick.
De ja dar hodme. Come my boy, run fast.
De se ailjomtilSme. Do listen to me.
Dege bicarkatilime. Do please decide it for
me.
Dea. The back ; to turn the back to.
Dea gidikedi^ae. He forgot me, or refused to
help me.
Dea gidiat'meail. I neglected thee, or thrust
thee aside.
Dea dea midokben. Stand back to back.
Deao. To become surety fur a loan,
or goods supplied on credit.
Uniye deaoat'lea. He became surety for the
loan given to us.
Mahajon then khon deaoaome. Get the money-
lender to give him a loan and become secur-
ity for the repayment of it.
Deaoki. Surety for goods or money
given to another.
Deaoki teiigoakanae. He has become surety.
Deasi. The Hindu priest in charge
of a shrine at which " hook swing-
ing " used to be observed.
Deb. ]
Dev. L
Deva.
Dibi. j
Debe debe. Small, tiny, short, tripping
short steps, applied to children
and dwarfs.
Debe (Jebe cacoKkanae. He toddles taking
short steps.
Debe debe lieloKkanae. He is a nice little ' ' tot.
hAn idol.
Debe debe
[ 126
Deleni delem
Debe debe. Applied to the swimming
of one who is over fatigued.
Pebe 4ebe paeraKkanae, lahgaeuae.
Pebe debe. A ' rattat ' played on the
drum at a hunt.
Debedebe. To stagger, as one carrying
a very heavy load, to waddle.
Deble ") Small, little, tiny and
Deble deble. J neat, applied to very
small girls.
Nin maran deble. A ' tot ' so big.
Peble ^eble lielol^kanae. . She ia a pretty Uttle
'tot.'
Dec. To mount, to climb, to embark,
to enter a carriage, railway train,
&c., to increase.
Deckedida. He put me up.
Sen ato dec dare. The future cannot be
predicted.
Bahako deja. They climb for flowera.
Deo gelaUali, I will mount and try him.
Dec. The second ploughing of a field
which is across the first.
ParaK. The firat ploughing.
Dec. The second ,,
Uthau. The third
Dec dec. Blazing.
Pec dec joloKkana, It is blazing.
Alope Qleo ijeja. Do not make it blaze.
Dedhaore.) The tree which yields the
Didhauri. j jujubes or Chinese dates,
Zizyphus jujuha, Lamlc.
Dedger. A small drum, beaten with
the hands.
Dedhet. With much entreaty, impor-
tunity or pleading.
Mot mariae det^hei: idikedea.
Ma kurumutukate dedhei: a2:uipe.
Pedhefikateli aguakafa.
Degha. ^A place outside the
Degha gadi. V threshing floor where
Degha kharai. j the grain carts stand
when unloading. It is smoothed
so that the grain which falls can
easily be swept up.
Deh. The body.
Anre dehre.
Dehe. ) A lump, or swelling; any pro-
Jo. J tuberant deformity.
DehSk dehek. A 'rattat' played on the
drum by Dom drummers.
Dehet; dundun. To put off time, to
loiter.
Me delabon, cet (Jehet' ijun(juh bafaekanae?
Debet dundljet. Begging, praying, en-
treating.
Deke. The hip.
Deket'. To loosen by shaking, as a
post fixed in the ground.
Khunti dekedme bah todoKkana. The post
can't be pulled up, loosen it by shaking it.
Deket deket. Trembling, vibrating,
oscillating.
Khunti bah urioa, dekef dekedoKkana. The
post ia not firm, it oacillatea.
Tin^lfem darean (Jeke^ deke€.
Nuipe gupi oooaekana deket (Jekef.
Dekhaok. To be seen, to appear, to
come into view.
Dekhense. Let me see,
Dekheseli Aeltama.
DekhenaeA jom legaktama.
Dekhit. Deliberately, with eyes open.
M.e{ dekhit geye guroKkana. He falls with
his eyea open.
Dekja. ") An exlamation of surprize,
Dekhja. J or admiration.
Dekja Jielepe ! ahare tolakafa
Deko. A Hindu
Deko pusi. A Hindu cat ; a term of
contempt applied to Hindus.
Deko pera. A courteous term applied
to Hindus.
Deko pera janum jhanti roroKgea. A Hindu
and a thorn fence prick.
Deko sindur. A medicinal herb, Buett-
neria herbacea, Roxh.
Dela. To invite to accompany, come.
Dela dara. To bring along with.
Uniye delaakawatlea. He brought us.
Dela lioKadeaii. I gave him a Kttle encourage-
ment.
Delabon calaka. Come, we will go.
Dela dili. Just before, on the point of
Kakap dela dili. Just before ascending.
Tikin dela dili. Just before mid-day.
GujuK dela dili. Just before dying.
Delao. G£ deao.
Del del. Stockstill, a dead calm.
Nui maejiu del (Jele tehgoakana. This woman
stands stockstill.
Khange onakin do thirena, ar nijhum delijelena.
And they ceased and there was a great
calm.
Delem delem. Kx ,.,,, ,. , .
[ V ery little, applied to
Dulum dulum. .
Diilun dulun. J
Pelera (Jelem cacoK gidrj
children.
Demaria
[ 127 ]
Dera diri
Demaria. Inconsiderately, without
reason, unreasonably.
Demarig,e ruhefkedi/Sa. He scolded me without
cause.
Bem9.riai oalaK laga£e.
Dem9.ri?.ko dalkedea. They beat him unreason-
ably.
Demba. Half ripe, harvested before
properly ripe, flat, as beer.
Pemba jon^ra. Indian corn that has been
harvested before being fully ripe.
Pemba h^ncji. Flat rice beer.
Dembe. Half ripe, as grain or fruit.
Demcok. Erect, applied to persons of
short stature.
PemooKe tehgoakana. He is sttinding erect.
Hopon hopon (JemooKe lieloKkana.
Demda. Under-sized.
Pem^a hor kanae. He is short of stature.
Dem dem. Stockstill, standing idle.
Said of females.
Pern ^eme tehgoakana. She is standing stock-
still.
Demer demer. Quickly, hastily.
Demer demere hed go£ena. He came very
quickly.
Demer potom. Cf. dever potom.
Demka. Green, unripe, as fruit,
Demka. The leaf of the palmyra palm.
Demkhem. Idling, hesitating, said
of girls.
Cefem demkhem baraekana? Why are you
idling about ?
Demkok. The leaf of the Palmyra
palm, and also the fruit when
green.
Den. Give, give to me, or to us ; used
with all inanimate objects, and
animate when in the dual or plural.
Cef em den denoKkana? Why are you continually
asking P
Den daK . Give me water.
Den 9«gnime. Bring to me.
Deuya. Used by males of equal age when asking
any inanimate object to be given.
Denya fheiiga. Give me the stick.
Denya thamakhur. Give me some tobacco.
Denho. Eeapeotful form of request, please
give to me or to us.
Denho daR. Please give me water.
Den se. Entreating form of request, do give to
me or to us.
Den se mit keoaK. Give me a piece.
Den na . Give to me, or to us ; used when asking
any thing from a female younger than the
speaker, but never employed when address-
ing a niece.
Don ^o. A respectful form of request; Mother,
give to me, or to us, used when aeking any-
thing from one's mother, also when the per-
son addressed, being a female, is much
older than the speaker, or when she is a
stranger.
Den go sehgel. Please give rne fire.
Den ]'a. Give to me, or to us ; used when ad-
dressing males younger than the speaker.
Dende. Tailless, as a fowl ; in need of
clothing.
Nui sim sapkate ijen^ekaeme. Catch this fowl
and pull out her tail feathers (or clip the
the wings and tail.
Pen^e oabaenale. We are almost naked.
Dendka. A variety of the barndoor
fowl with scanty feathers.
Dendkeli. Tailless, as a fowl.
Dene banar. Both.
Dene banar dharana. Two edged.
Dene banar mocaanae. Has a mouth at both
ends (said-of a species of snake.)
Denga. Toput on clothes, said of men.
Rhagwa 4ehga. Cf . bhagwa.
Pafhe dehga. To bind round waist, or loins.
Dhuti (Jehga. To put on the dhoti.
Sedae re pathe ^chga tahekana, dhuti"4ehga
bah tahekana. In the olden time garments
fastened round the loins were worn, thft
dhuti was not worn.
Dengha. ]
Dengha gadi. [Cf degha.
Dengha kharai.j
Denya. Give, used by boys of equal age
to each other, and by older to
younger men.
Deo bhagin. Nephews and nieces, chil-
dren of a sister.
Deona diuni. To sulk, to be in the
doldrums.
Cetem deona diuni baraekana. Why are you
sulking about. Said of girls.
Dep dep. Wind on the stomach, tight
feeling after a full meal.
Pep 4epiJ5 g-ikaueda.
Deper. Cf. der.
Der. To copulate, to have sexual inter-
course.
Der. To stretch oneself, as one who
has sat in one position foi- a long
time.
Dera. A camp, a lodging.
Peralf. To encamp.
Dera diri. To put off time, saunter,
to delay, to be late.
Adi dera diriefkanae. He is very late.
T>P,\-S depe
[ 128 ]
Dhaca
■ One and a half.
Dgre depe, Cf. dhSrg dhepe.
Dere dere. Angrily.
Derec derec. To shiver, as on the ap-
proach of an attack of fever.
Dereo dered iii aikaueda.
Deren. A horn.
DereJianko. Creatures having horns.
Deren kokor. Collared Scops owl,
(Scojps hakkamoena.
Derel Small, little.
Deret. A small bird so called.
DSrSt dgpgt'. Worn to skin and bone,
lean, emaciated.
Uni hor do ka(^ec leka derei3 depe£e osoKakana,
That man has become as lean as a switch.
Deyh.
Per hi.
Perhi sud. Fifty per cent, interest.
Des. Country, native country.
Des Mailjhi. An over-chief.
Desapati raj. The king of the country,
a great king.
Des bides. One country after another.
Dese. Conveys the idea of entreaty.
Dese aiijom tilime. Do listen to me, or grant
my request.
Despoda. A wanderer, a vagrant, one
who does not work, but spends^ his
time visiting friends and living
on them.
Nui do cele despoda con.
Detdet. Small.
Pef detie gidra. A very small child.
bet def kioride emadiiia. He gave me a very
small piece of cloth.
Dever j)otom. ) Child by a former hus-
Demer potom. j band.
!>, ■ J To worship, to serve.
Dewa sewa. j ■'
Probhu amren Isorem sewawae, ar uni eskarem
dewawae. Thou shalt worship the Lord
thy God and him only shalt thou serve.
Dewan. Prime minister, manager, fac-
totum.
Baj ren dewan. The king's manager.
Kacah?.ri ren dewan. The Head clerk of the
Court.
Pewari. | To shake.
Pewet dewet. J
Khuntiye dewet'keda. He shook the post.
jSeta do candbole (Jewei , glewefoda.
Dewani. Civil, as opposed to criminal.
Dewani adalot. Civil court.
Dewani mokordoma. A Civil suit.
Dewer potom. Child by a former hus-
band..
Dewet. Cf. dewan.
Dhab. A hollow, a large moist rice
field.
Phab then daK (Jabraakana. Water has col-
lected in the hollow.
Nondem glhab ocokeda, bara rcAi saolaKa. You
have not levelled it, you have made a hollow
here.
Phab dhabe oalaoena. He followed up the
hollow.
Pliaba. A verandah, the eaves of a
house with a large projection.
Phabaakatali. I have added a verandah (to
my house.)
Dhaba lumam. Good, 1st Class uni-
voltine tassar cocoons.
Dhabao. To put away a vessel after
having eaten from it without first
having cleaned it.
Cedaltem doho (Jhabaoakat'aP Why did you
put it away dirty.
Dhabar dhubur. Plump, big.
Dhabic. Till, until, as far as, as long as.
Jiwefiii tahen dhabid. As long as I live.
Ato dhaibidle palija idikedea. We tracked him
up to the village.
Dhabra. ~) Broad footed, clay adhering
Dhabre. J to feet.
Dhabre denga. A method of wearing
the bhagwa (q. v.)
Dhablu. Broad.
Dhablu jahga. Broad feet,
Dhabru. Broad and thick.
Dhabru ku(Ji. A broad hoe.
Dhabun. A pit or hollow full of water.
Noa then ^haburigea. There is a water hole
here.
Phabuskak. Large heavy bodied.
Maraii dhabuekaK kada kanae. It is a large
heavy bodied buffalo.
Dhabuskut. The swishing sound made
when raising water for irrigation.
Phabuskut' ijhabuskuf dakkoakredkana.
Dhaca. A way of dressing the hair in
which a few inches are allowed to
stand up or hang down behind.
This was the universal custom among Santals
till within recent years, when hairpins ' of
local manufacture have come into use among
women. The ' dhaca ' of the men was na-
tural, but that of the women was artificial
made from the long hairs taken from the
tails of cows. Cf. caurid.
Toya dhaca. A plume made from the feathers
of the blue jay (toya), and worn by girls
stuck in their back hair on gala days.
Dhacal dhacal
[ 129 1
Dhakar pakar
Dhacal dhacal. Cf. dhacal dhucul.
Dhacal dhucul. \To shake, to bob up
Dhucul dhucul. J and down, or back-
wards and forwards.
Dhacrar. Self-willed, restive, as an
imperfectly broken-in bullock.
Dhacri. A forelock, hair hanging down
over the brow.
Dhaiori kul. A lion.
Dhadnas. Bravado, pretence, ostenta-
tion, bunkum.
Phai^uasedae, phasi gujuKaii. She is only pre-
tending to hang herself.
Dhados. | Brave, plucky, fearless,
Dhadosia. j sturdy, cheerful.
Bes ^ha^os hor kanae. He is a fine plucky
fellow.
Dhadosall bali nahgosa. I will be plucky and
won't malinger.
Dhadra. Worn out, old.
Dhadra hatalc. A worn out hataK, (q v.)
Moca dhadraentaea. Hia mouth is worn out,
(Said of those who let the rice full out of
their mouth while eating.)
Dhadra. A skeleton.
ra. M.I
Iri. F. I
Dhandri.F.J
Netar do nui ijhaijri cabaenae. At present she
ia a perfect skeleton.
Dhadra. M. \ Slovenly, slatternly, hair
Dhadri. F. J in disorder, used only
when quarrelling.
Dhadrao. \ To drag along the
Dhar dharao. J ground.
Dhadraokediiiae. He dragged me along.
Or dhar dhaiaokedeako. They dragged him
roughly along.
Dhai. A common plant during the
rains.
The leaves are eaten as a pot herb, and the
stalks raw. The stalks are first peeled
and then well rubbed with sand, after
which they are eaten.
Dhai. "1
Dhai budhi. J
Dhae. "j Sound of thumping, or
Dhae dhui. |- report of a gun, bang-
Thae thui. j ing ; in large numbers.
Ph,,e dhuikin dapalkana. They strike each
other thump thump.
Phae mente araK gotkedae b9.nduk do
off the gun with a bang.
Adiko jerel^keda (Jhae (Jhui. They banged away,
Nes do dhae ijhuiko gooena '^^" ""— '•^"'
died in large numbers.
Dhadra. M.]
Dhadri. F. vLean, Worn to a skeleton.
^A mid-wife.
He let
This year they
Dhae. State, proclivity, bent of mind.
Nia ^hae go calaUtaea. Ho will continue in
this condition.
Am bam aiijomkhan nig. ijhaege calalitama. If
you do not obey you will always be in this
state.
Dhae khae. Over-weighted with care,
filled with anxiety ; exceedingly.
Dhae khae baraekanae. He is attending to one
^matter after another without intermission.
Dhae khae rengeckana. A time of great scar-
city (and of much anxiety.)
Dhak. A kind of kettle drum played
Av^ith one thick drum stick and ona
thin, to vary the note.
Dhak. Heat, flame of fire.
Dhak. Quickly, immediately, instantly,
at once.
Dhakem llamkana p You want it instantly.
(scolding an impatient man.)
Adi dhakiA hecena. I came very quickly.
Adim dhakol^kana. Tou are very impatient.
Ce{ dhak kantama ? cedaEem calalca ? What is
pressing you? Why should you go?
Dhak. C£ dhak dhak.
Dhak. Interest, concern, necessity,
occasion.
Amalc dhakgeli calaSa ? Shall I go to suit your
occasion ?
DhakLt. }t°P^^^'*°*'^™^*-
Dhgiklau toi gofkaeme. Thrust him out at
once.
Dhaka dhaki. To push again and again,
to jostle, as in a crowd ; to push
so as to clear a way in a crowd ;
shoving and jostling.
Dhaka dhaki To push each other
again and again during a quarrel.
Cf. dhaka dhaki
Dhaka dhoko. \ Jostling, pushing, as
Dhaka dhoko. J in a crowd to clear a
way for oneself.
Dhakao. To cover, to obscure.
Sill cando rimilte ijhakaokedeae. The sun is
obscured by clouds.
Dhakar dhokor. 1 To wobble, to roll or
Dakar dokor. J heave when walk-
ing, to lift up the whole side
with foot.
Hathiko calaKa cjhakar ^hokor. Elephants roll
when walking.
Dhakar pakar. Hurriedly, hastily, to
be startled.
Nu gotkedail dhakar pakar. I drsink it off.
17
Dhakcakao
[ 130 ]
Dhamcul
Dhakcakao. To be paralyzed with fear.
Aijiys dhakoakaoleua. He was terribly fright-
ened.
Dhak cakaokediliam. Tou startled me.
Dhak dhak. "i m i -j. x ■±
Dhak dhakao. F ° Pf Pit^te, go pita-
Dhakdhakok. f r*' flutter throb,
Dhukdhuk. j to be in trouble.
Buru mako bere^keC eken daiige.
Taben mako jomket' eken potomge.
Haere ! bapre ! noa jiwiA do.
Koramili, koramilige dhak dhakaoK kan.
Phaki. A large basket.
Dhak jiba. At random, without taking
aim; without certainty, on the
chance of.
Dhak jibg-li dalkedea. I struck him at random
(struck on the chance of hitting him.)
Dhak jibale rohoekeda. We planted it but have
small hope (of a crop.)
Dhakla dhakli. To push again and
again, to jostle, as in a crowd.
Dhaklau. To push, to thrust, Of. dha-
ka.
Dhakna. An earthenware lid for a
tukuc, (q. V.)
Dhakni. ") An earthenware lid for a
Dhaknic. J kanda (q. v.) smaller than
a ' dhakna ' (q. v.)
Dhura dh9.kni6. A small earthenware vessel
in which odoriferous rezin is burned as
incense.
Dhakor dhakor. The sound produced by
shaking anything, as a door, &c. ;
rattling.
Dher dhaoe dhakor ijhakorkeda. Herattled-
many times.
Dhakuc. To have sexual intercourse
with, to copulate ; to shake the
loins.
Dhal. A shield, a buckler ; to obtain
goods on credit in the name of
another and keep them oneself
Kokhro (Jhal. A targe of hide studded with
brass nails.
Dhal sikria. An attendant who carries a sports-
man's gun.
Trie dhalkediiia. He obtained goods in my
name.
Phalkate horoe idikeda. He got dhan on credit
by saying it was for another person whom
he named.
Dhalac dhaluc. Big and little^ of all
Dhalgum. *) Shaggy, long
Dhalgum dhalgum. J haired.
Dhalgum bana. A shaggy bear.
I)h?.lgum dhalgumko d*ra. They flee with hair
fluttering.
Bhalka. Broad.
Dhalka sakam. A broad leaf.
Dhalka lutur. Broad ears.
Dhalpa. Broad.
Dhalpa pal. A broad ploughshare.
Dhal sikaria. An armour bearer, an
attendant who carries a gun for
a sportsman.
Dhaluc dhakuc. Walking as one with
a stiff hip joint.
Dhgiluc dhakuoe calakkana.
Dhalui dhalui. To shake, as anything
hanging, or suspended ; to dangle.
Besokoete bharime, dh9.1ui dhaluite alo liuroK-
ma. Load (the sheaves on the cart) care-
fully, that (the grain) may not fall through
(the ears) dangling down.
Dham. ") Noise, tumult ; hollow
Dham dhum. J sound.
Dham dhum sa(Jekana. Emits a hollow sound.
Dhamae dhurai. To threaten, to bluster.
Dhamae dhur?.ikateye hataokeda. He took it
by threats.
Dhama dhura. Cf, dham dhur.
Dhaman phucia. Cf dhamon phucia.
Dhamaa. /Influence, power exerted
Dhamaste. \ on men or things, force,
forcefulness, impression produced,
influence exerted.
Horko reaU gujuK dhamaste ondekhonle dar
johkana. Influenced by the people dying
we are leaving that place.
Kul reak arraoK dhamastege horomo do ca-
toKa. The roar of the tiger startles one.
Hakim hor reak dhamaste disom horko botor
joiia. Owing to the impression produced
by the English the people of the country
are afraid.
Ojo reaU dhamaste rua rabaiigeii aikaueda.
Owing to the influence exerted by the boil
I feel feverish.
Eimil reaR sade dhamaste oraK real? bhit ho
parakena. By the force' of the thunder
clap even the wall of the house is cracked.
Uniak dhamaa alijomlekhanko botor godoKa.
If they hear of his forcefulness they will
at once take alarm.
NondenaK dhamaste sar sipahi bako jaejnlum
dareaka. Omng to the 'influence exerted
by this place the raja's underKngs cannot
oppress the people.
Dhamcul. ") on i ■ • , •
Dhamcul dhamcul. ) Shaking, joltmg.
Dhg,moul dhgimcule dara.
Dhampol
[ 131 ]
Dhafigal s&ngal
Dhamdhaser. Quickly, diligently, all
around.
Dhamdhaserle liam barakeda.
Dham dhur. \ To demand with thre-
Dhama dhura. J ats, to demand with
bluster.
Dhamdhusar. Corpulent.
Dhame dhure. Cf. dham dhur.
Dhamka dhamki. To rebuke, to chide ;
diligently.
Bhamka dh9.mkikakinme. Bebuke them.
Dhamka dhamkiye k^mikana. He is working
diligently.
Dhamkao. \ To rebuke, to chide, to set
Dhomkao. J down.
Dhamkau. Diligently, sedulously.
4^1 dh^mksiue k^mikana. He works very
sedulously, he has no spare time.
Phampa dhompo. ") Knotty, gnarled,
Thampa thompo. J pimpled, covered
with excrescences.
Dhampa dhure. Diligently, sedulously,
quickly.
Dhampa dhnre g^iko 6am barakedea.
Dhampol. To jolt, to bump, as a cart
over stones.
Dhampol liur go^enae sagarkhon. He was
jolted oif the cart.
Dhampur dhampur. The sound pro-
duced by the dhenki (q. v.) when
worked rapidly.
Dhampur dhampurko huruiieda.
Dhainri. A maid servant.
K^mriko dh9.mriko.
Dhamonphucia. 1 Thicker or wider at
Dhamanphucia. j" one end than the
other ; heavy in the forequarters,
as a tiger, or an ox, &c.
Noa dhamonphuoia theiiga okarem riamlaRa ?
Dhamrokot. To toil, to labour, to
labour and toil.
DhamrokotkateTi oral? duaraka^a. With much
labour I hare beoome possessed of pro-
perty.
Dhamsao. To walk, to go.
Berhaete dhamsao aourenale, bale liamledea.
Dhamsao. To be influenced, to be
affected, to be acted upon. Cf.
dhamas.
Hamal kafiii goKle£ iate rua do arho dhamsao
ruarentina. Owing to my ha-ring carried
a heavy log of timber my fever has again
attacked me.
Nes oalaoen dinre dharti laraoente gota taniji
reaK ot do dhamsaoena. The whole coun-
try felt the effects of last year's earthquake.
Dhamsaoentiiia. I have suffered a relapse.
Non^enaK dharasaote sar Bipg.hi do bako jae-
juluma. Owing to the inflnenoe of this
place the raja's underlings do not oppress
the people.
Dhamuk bai.\ A convulsive fit in which
Dhanuk bai. / the patient draws up
his limbs.
Dhandha. Cf. dandha.
Dhandha. To blaze ; flaming, blazing.
Seiigel »iji dhaudhaena. The fire blazes fiercely.
Ma dhandhaeme. Make it blaze.
Dhandha cabalenkhan joncjrako rapaga. When
the fiames burn themselves out they roast
Indian com (on the glowing embers.)
Dhandhanao. To buzz round about,
as a fly ; applied also to those
who go here and there to pick up
a living ; a tramp.
Am dom i}han4hanao baraekana ar setam ^sul-
koa? Tou a tramp keep dogs?
Dhandhania. Penniless, destitute,
indigent.
Phan(Jhg.niageae, oraKre ce^ ho b^nuKtaea.
He is utterly destitute, there is nothing in
his house.
Dhandka. "1 Stalks of certain crops left
Dhandkak. J- in the ground at time of
Darkak. J reaping ; stubble, a stalk.
Dhandka. A species of fish. Cf
dandka.
Dhandra dhundra. To search every
where.
A.^i dhandra dhundra barakedeali, bad liam-
ledea. I sought him every where but did
not find him.
Dhandrau. To seek, to search or look
for.
Dhandri. Lean, worn to a skeleton,
with elfiin locks ; said of females.
Dhaii. To be obstructed, impeded, to
meet with an obstacle, to stick,
to be aground, to be entangled.
Jahaj oatS'nire ^Ihahena. The ship struck, and
remained fast on a rock.
Thehga darere ^hahena. The stick stuck in
the tree.
Dhandhaser. To destroy, or ruin, to
be over thrown.
Mondiriii dhahdhasera. I will overthrow the
temple.
Pf^jg-^-}Tall, long Shanked.
Marah ijh^hgi ^imai kauae. She is a big tall
woman.
Dhahga hor. A tall man.
Dhangal sangal. Cf. dhingal singal.
Dhanghar
[ 1-32 ]
Dhapkao
Dhangla dhangli. To cut or dig quickly
or hastily.
Dhangla dh9,iigliko lateda. They dug with all
their might.
Dhangla dh9,hgliko ge^ idikeda. They hastily
cut it up and carried it away.
Dhangladhas. Fallen into disrepair,
dilapidated ; broken, ruined.
NuiaK oral? do dhahgladhasentaea. This man's
house hag fallen into disrepair.
Dhahgladhaskedako. They ruined it.
Dhanglao. To cut deeply into, to cut
large pieces.
Mii dholmae dhahglaoteda. He cut off a large
piece.
Dhahglaokateye idikeda. He cut and carried
away a large piece.
Ote la dhaiiglaokeda. He dug deeply into the
soil.
Dhanghar. l
Dhanghari. |-Rich, wealthy.
Dhangharia.J
Khub dhanghar hor kanae. He is a very rich
man.
Dhani. A interjection of surprize;
rich, precious ; a term of endear-
ment.
Dhaniye sen dareaKa ? What ! can he go ?
Dhani hor kanae. He is a rich man.
Henda, dhani, okatem calaK kana ? Where are
you going to, dearie p
Dhania. Coriander seed. (Goriandruvi
sativum, L.)
Phanman. ITo totter, to stagger, to
Dhanmanao. J sway to and fro; feeble,
faint.
Eengeete dhanmanaoena. He is enfeebled
through want.
Bulkate 4hanmanao barae kanae. He is drunk
and staggering.
phanman. \To go buzzing here and
Phanmanao. ) there, as a fly ; also
applied to those whom hunger
forces to go from place to place ;
a tramp.
Dhans.lTo go here and there in search
Dhas. J of, to search for.
Gotali dhaslaKa, baii liamlaKa. I searched
every where but did not find.
Gotali dhas acurleda. I searched all round
about.
Dhanuk bai. Opisthotonos.
Dhanuk batta. The snipe, Oallinago
scold pacinus.
Dhao. Time.
Mif'dhao. Once.
Bai- dhao. Twice.
Po dhao. Thrice.
Adi dhao. Many times, very often.
P?.hil dhao. 1st time.
Dosar dhao. 2nd time.
Dhaoa. ^ A garland of plaited stalks of
Dhawa. I dhan which with certain
Dhaoa. j cattle are adorned at the
Dhawa. j Sohrae (q. v.) festival.
Dhaoa bin<Ja. A sheaf of dhan taken from the
threshing floor from which the stalks are
taken to make garlands for. the cattle.
What remains of the sheaf after sufficient
to make the garlands has been extracted is
taken to the house of the Jog M^nljhi (q. t.)
As each household observes the ceremony
a considerable quantity of rice is thus col-
lected. It is cooked and divided among the
villagers.
Dhao dhao. Buzzing, as mosquitoes do.
Sikrioko udauKkana dhao dhao. Mosquitoes
fly buzzing about.
Dhaora dhauri. Anxiously, diligently,
quickly, without loss of time.
Dhaora dhaurile liambarakedea.
Dhaora dhaurikin Ilir rakap got'ena. They ran
up quickly.
Dhaosa dhausi. To search for eagerly
or anxiously. Cf dhaora dhauri.
Dhaosa dhausile liam barakeda. We sought
for it anxiously.
Phapa dhopo. Heaps, mounds ; hillocky,
uneven. Scottice, hech's an' how's.
Dhap dhap. ") To stamp the foot, sound
Dhap dhup. j" of tramp tramp, or the
thud on the ground of a blind
man's stick.
Baibaite calaKme alom dhap dha pa . Go quietly,
do not stamp your feet.
When netting hares at night the hunters drive
them in the direction of the nets by simply
stamping on the ground with the feet.
Phap dhap. Sound of flapping, or
clapping of wings.
Dhap dhap sadetakoa phakrak do. They are
clapping their wings.
phap dhup. Sound of knocking or
rapping on the ground.
Ul riuroftkana dhap dhup. The mangoes fall
with a thud.
Dhaper. Hurriedly, quickly ; to hurry.
Adi dhaperoK hoyoktapea, baiikhan oh ope seter-
lena. Tou must hurry, or else you will not
arrive (in time.)
4.di dhaperle heoena. We came very quickly.
Dhapi. The part of a flute from where
the finger holes cease to the end.
Dhapi badha. A kind of wooden sandal. Cf.
badha.
Dhapka. Lazy, shirking work, as a
bullock that lies down at the plough.
Dhapkao. To put down, to set down.
Lo birre bako dhapkao darealea. At the burnt
jungle they will not be able to silence us.
Dhapua
[ 133 1
Dharo dhiu
up
Dhapua. Deformed, unshapely.
Dhapug, mara hoy.
Dhar. Edge, line.
Churi dliarana. A knife lias an edge.
Dene banar dharana . Two edged.
Dhar bhotroena. The edge is iDluiited.
Dhar. To buy on credit, to run
bill.
Dharteye ^gukeda. He bought it on credit.
^ Ein dharkate. Borrowing and getting on credit.
Dhara. The side, from the armpit to
the thigh, the lower side of the
thigh.
Dhara. A measure of 10 seers ; 10
seers in weight or in measure.
Dhara. Section.
Oka dharate bioar hoeena ? Under what section
was he tried?
Dhara. To collect outstandings, to
dun.
Dharae lagit'em hedena? Have you come to
dun us?
Dhara bandha. Against one's will, for-
cibly, nolens volens.
Dhara bandhako sap idikediila. They seized
and took me away against my will.
Dhara dhari. \ Neighbourhood, vicinity,
Dhara dhure.J edge.
Nia dhara dharikore b9.nuKan. There is none
in this neighbourhood.
Dhara dhari. Quickly.
Adi dhara dharile k9.mikeda, cababedale. We
worked very quickly, we have finished it.
Dhara dhari. To pull, to offer violence.
Adi dhara dharikediriae, mahajon do. The
money lender knocked me about.
Dharae. I Thudding, bumping, or
Dhaias. J thumping sound.
Dharae mente saije got'ena. It sounded thud.
Dharas menue liurena. It fell with a thud.
Dharae dhapae. Quickly, hastily, hur-
riedly.
Dharae dhapaeye calao gotena,. He left hastily.
Dharahara. Fine, large, substantial;
splendid mansion-like housa
Dharahara menaUtakoa catom oraK.
possess a fine paviHon-roofed house.
Dharahi. Steep-roofed, slope of roof
at a high angle.
Dharak dhorok, Tender in the feet ;
'to step gingerly owing to feet
being tender.
Jiihga dharaK dhofoKentaea. His feet are
DharS dioroKe tarama. He steps gingerly.
They
Dharan dharan. Ding dong of a bell.
Dharan dhurun. ") Applied to the so-
Dhuruii dhurun. J unci prcjduced
when two bells of different tones
are struck one after the other.
Dharan (Jhuruh sa(^ekana. They sound ding dong,
ding dong.
Dharao. To owe, to be in debt.
Iii ren kisar real? tinaKem dharaotaea ? How
much owest thou my master ?
Dharao. To reside.
Okarepe <Jharaolena? Where did you reside?
Okare gunpalanpe (JharaolaKa ? Where do you
reside ?
Dharao, "1 To pour, to pour into a
Dhardharao. J mould.
Sona realt sakomifi t^haraoa.
Met dak (Jhardharoentaea. His tears flowed.
Dharap. A trap ; to be caught as by
a trap falling on one.
Ka^te dharapenae. Apiece of timber fell on
him (and crushed him.)
Dharar. \ Sound of creaking, or
Dharar dharar. j of cracking.
Dharar dharar jhijokkana sUpili do. The door
creaks when being opened.
Dharar dharar mat' paragokkana. The bam-
boos split with a crack.
Dharas. Cf dharae
Dharas mente rapuf ena. It broke with a crack.
Dhar dhar. Streaming, trickling, eyes
to till with tears.
Dhar (Jhar met' dak joroKkana. Tears trickle
down.
Dhardhar. \To slide or roll down a
Dhardharao. J steep place, to roll down,
as a stone.
Dhardharao argonkanae. He comes sliding
down.
Dhardhari. l A slope, an incline ;
Dhardharia. j sloping, steep.
Dhardharia hor kana. It is a steep road.
Dhar dhur. Quickl}^
Dhar dhur. To conciliate, to influence
by importunity.
Ma noKoe bogetepe ruaKkana, ado noko bohga
dhar (Jhurkope. See how your family is
suffering from fever, offer a libation to the
Dhar dhur. At the edge, on the outside.
Dhar dhuriA Aamkeda. I got (fields) on the
out side.
Dhar dhur. Noise of rushing footsteps
pattering.
Dhar dhure darkeda.
Dhare dhure. Neighbouring, near, on
the margin.
Dharen
[ 134 ]
Dharun
Dharen. A beam which supports the
ridge pole of a house.
Dhargoc. 1 To fall into disrepair, ruin-
Jhargoc. j ous.
Dhargul?. T To jolt or stumble
DharguM dharguk. J owing to hollows
in the road.
Khet pincjhe {henem dhargugoKa, liind?ire.
Dhargu dhargu. Large, big.
Dhargu sargu. Large, big.
Dhargu s^rgu joakana. The fruit is of large
size.
Dhari. 1^1
Dhar. j^^S^-
Pinija dh^ri. The edge of the verandha.
Kiorio real? dhg.ri. The edge of the cloth.
Dharid. Until, up to, so long as.
Nondele tahen dh^irio. So long aa we remain
here.
GnjiiK dharid. Until death.
DharkaM dhorkok.lRough and uneven,
DharkaK dhorkok.j as a road crossed
by many unbridged water courses ;
full of holes, over which a cart jolts;
to descend with a jolt, as one step-
ping into a hollow unwittingly.
Noa horte babo calaKa, sidi dharkak dhorkoK-
gea. We will not go this way as it is full
of hollows.
G9.iji 9.di dharkaK dhorkogoKa. The cart will
go into the hollows with a fearful jolt.
DharkaK dhorkoK ^^i haronted oalaoena. I
went with very great difficulty climbing up
and going down.
Dharkao. To finish, to complete, to
exhaust.
Car pane moniA dharkaoakaf a. I hare finished
four or fivemaunds (of seed.)
K^mi doii dharkaoakat'a. I have completed
the work.
Dharkao. To take water out of one
vessel by tipping it up and al-
lowing it to run into another
Pherena daK, ma dharkao 9.dhime. There is too
much water (in the pot), lessen it by tipping
it up and allowing some to run out.
Dharkat. Quarrelsome, violent, oppres-
sive, disobedient.
Marah dharka( hor kanae.
Dharkau. To impress, as into service ;
to force.
Bogarko dh^irkaukedea. They impressed him
to work.
Ma dharkau idiem. Force him to go.
Dharkuc. To jerk, to jolt, to bump.
Dharkuk. Cf dharguk.
Dharkul markul. Hair on end, or loose
and flying about.
Okate ho mamo dharkul m^rkulem day kanaF
Dharle. 'I
Dharlege. [Certainly, doubtless.
Dhorlege.J
Dharlege non(Je menaea. He is certainly here.
Dharma korma. "{Without assurance,
Dhorma korma. / without much hope
or expectation, on chance.
Dhorma korma monteli senlena. I went with
little expectation.
Dharmus. ") An instrument used to
Dhurmus. J beat down earth.
Dhama. A mode of extorting payment
of a debt or compliance with any
demand by making the person sit
in the sun, or in any other way
making him uncomfortable ; to sit
till prayer is granted.
Dhamakedeako. They made him ait in the sun
till he acceded to their demand.
Dharna ahgakediiiae. He kept me a prisoner
the whole night.
Pharos. Firmness of mind, encourage-
ment, bravery, presence of mind.
Bae dharos dareada. He could not brave it.
Dharra. M. \ Under side of the body
Dharri. F. J more or less white, the
rest black ; applied to goats and
sheep.
Dharra boda. A black and white he-goat.
Dharri ehga. A black and white she-goat.
Kabra dharra. Speckled, spotted with white.
Dharsar. Steep, as an incline.
Dharti. The world, the universe.
Dharua. A debtor, a borrower ; to be
in debt.
A^iye dharug.ena. He is deeply indebted.
Dharuk dhacuk. Hair loose and hang-
ing down ; to search for with
labour or diligence.
Dharuk dharuk. To limp or walk as
a man with a crutch.
Dharumdhak. Very much, greatly, ap-
plied to swellings.
Dh?irumdhaEe moakana. He ia very much
swollen.
Dharun. To cease, to clear up after
rain ; dry weather,
Dh^rnnakafae. It has ceased] raining.
!Phg.rw^E
[ 135 ]
Dhedrg
Dharwali. ") A small branch with the
Dhauralc. J leaves on ; a twig of the
Sarjom (q. v.) tree with the leaves
on sent from village to village
advertising a hunt or any other
gathering ; the Santal " Fiery
cross."
Matkom (Jh^urg.!!. A small branch of the
Matbom (q. v.) tree.
Sarjom (Jh9.ur9.R. A small branch of the Sarjom
(q. V.) tree.
Ado onte note sedra <Jh9iur9.U ato atoe kola, arko
kulikoa, "Oka realf dhaur?iK baba P ' ' Adoe
l9,iakoa, "KubriBirreaK," " Tiabo boloKa ?
BudhiloK," He sends the branch adverti-
sing the hunt to the villages round about,
and they ask, &c.
Dhas. To go in search of, to search for.
Gotaii dhas giourlaKa, enh5 Ijaii liamlaKa. I
searched aU round, still I did not find.
Dhasao. To collapse, as a wall; to
fall in, as a river bank undermined
by the water ; to slip down, as a
landslip,
Bnm dhasaoena. There has been a landslip
on the hill.
Dhaskao. To fall down, to collapse,
to tumble down.
Bum dhaskaoena. There has been a landslip
on the hill.
Dhasna. The part nearest the foot of
the slope of a hill, or other incline.
Dhat. An exclamation of vexation.
•pj, , ■ >.A mineral, a metal.
Dhat. Likeness, resemblance.
TJni dh^tgeii lielkedea. I saw he bore a resem-
blance to him.
Dhat. The pulse at the wrists.
Mase dhat atkartaeme. Feel his pulse.
Dhat dhat. Cf, cai dhat dhat.
Dhatha duthu. Huge, adult, grown up.
Eken datha ^uthu hof menaKkoa. There are
only adults.
Dhathi. Hereditary qualities or dis-
position.
Apat reaK dhgithigeye sapaka^a. He has
inherited his father's disposition
Dhathi. Persistent, inexorable.
Dhathi. The stubble or stumps of
certain crops left in the gi-ound at
reaping time.
Dhatka. To deny, to repudiate, to
unsay, to disavow.
Dhatkaha. A deliverer, a saviour.
I shall boat you pre-
the
DhatiA. To beat,
Dhatill niealeah nahalt.
sently.
Dhatiiitiii. A rattat played on
drum to gather the dancers.
Oteko dhatiAtirtkeda. Listen, they have
beaten the " dh9,tilitili" rattat.
Dhatir. To strike, to hit, to slap.
Dhatireme. Give him a slap.
Dhatpat. Quickly, withotit delay.
Dhatu. A mineral, a metal.
Dhatuak. Cf dare dhatuak.
Dhawa dhawi. Separated only by a
little distance or time, on the
heels of
Dhawa dhq,wiko palijafcedilia. They followed
at my heels.
Dhawa dh9.wiko heoena. They came one closely
following another.
Dhau. ~> Blazing, flaming, bright-
Dhau dhau. J ly.
Dhau dhau sehgel jololf kana. The fire blazes.
Dhaurak. Cf, dharwak.
Dhawa. ] r^j. ,, „
Dhawa. |Cf.dhaoa.
Dhean. To fast, to stop feeding, as
caterpillars do before moulting.
Lum^mko dheanakana uroS l^gidoKkanako.
The silk worms have stopped feeding, they
are about to slough.
Dheba. M. \
Dhiba. 1 M. [-Short of stature.
Dhibi. /F.J
Dhebdhebe. M. "It,- v it- a
Dhib dhibi. F. r^g-^^"^^*^-
Dhecok. To limp, as a man with legs
of unequal length.
Dhecok dhecok. Limping.
PheooK iJheooKe calaKkana. He goes limping.
■p,„ ■ [ To lounge, to loaf about.
Horko theo dedher baraekanac. He lounges
about other people's houses.
Dhebra. M. } ghort of stature.
Dhibri. b. )
Ona atoren kora kuriko do sanam dhebra dhi-
brigeako. The young men and maids of
that village are all short in stature.
Phebra dhibri dareakana. The plants are all
short.
Dhedrg. To lounge or loaf about. Cf
dedher.
Dhudre
[ 136 ]
Dhiki
Dhedre. 1 Worn out, disreput-
Dhedre dhedre. J able looking, dis-
graceful, dilapidated.
Dhedre dhedre oraKtae. His house is a dila-
pidated hovel.
Dhedre mara aimai. A slattern.
Dhej. To succeed, to accomplish, able
to do ; stamina, ability.
Oka dhej ho bae kamikana.
Dhej dhon. "(Improper, the reverse
Dhejna dhon. J of what ought to be.
Dhejna dhonem iJ.elolikaiia. You do not look
well.
Dhejna (|lhoii tilokakanae.
Dhejraha. M.\ Slovenly, slatternly,
Dhejrahi. F. J dirty in habits.
Dhekar. To belch.
Dhgkjora. } ^ "P^'^^®" °^ ^^*^^ f°^^l-
Dhela. A common forest tree, Alati-
giiun Lamurchii, T/uvs.
-p., .. ■ v A clod of earth.
Dhemali. 7 tji i i
■p., •,. >idle, lazy, careless.
Adi dhemali kanam. You are very careless.
Dhena. A disease affecting cattle.
Dhena. 1 „ n
i)henha.P^^ll-
Dhena gidrg.. A small child.
Dhena cere. A small bird.
Dhencak dhencak. Limpingly, limping.
Dhelicak dheilcake calakkana. He is limping.
Dhencok. To limp, to go lame.
Dheiiook (JhelSooKe oalaUkana. He is limping.
Dhendra. Having thin scanty hair,
bare, as a tree.
Dhenka. A species of crane.
Dhenka. Tall, long shanked.
Dhehka sosroo. A species of grasshopper.
Dhenha. Cf. dhena.
DhSore. Cf. dedher.
Dheo. A wave.
Gada argonkhan iJheoBa. If the river be-
comes flooded waves will be formed.
Dhep dhep. Sound produced by
belching.
Dhep dhepe (Jhekareda.
Dher. Many, much, excessive, the
majority; to increase, to become
excessive.
Kin 4herentil5a. My debt has become large.
Dhera. A hand spindle.
DhSrg dhepe. It j. i i ^
f._ ^ ,■ ^ y Lean, worn to a skeleton.
Dere depe. j '
DhgrS clhgrS. Buzzing, to go here and
there, as a fly.
Jel baste ro dhere dhereko udau baraekana.
The smell of the flesh brings the flies buzzing
about.
NahaK do akoge ro lekako dhere dhere barae-
kana. They themselves now go buzzing
about like flies (seeking food. Said of those
who were arrogant when rich, but who
becoming poor go about seeking something
to eat.)
Dhere dhere. Whirring, as a fly wheel
off the perpendicular.
Carkha dhere dhere sadekkana. The spinning
wheel whirrs.
Dhere dhere. Lazy and disinclined
to move through having eaten too
much.
Jom dhere dhereenae. He has eaten so much
that he objects to move.
Dhere dhere. 'Eyes fixed, staring as
when dying, or dead.
Dhere dhereye beriget urickeda.
Dhgrgpete. Lean, emaciated, worn to
a shadow.
Dherkaete. Especially, as a rule, gen-
erally.
DhSs. To make excuse ; excuse.
Dhes alom lagaoa. Do not make an excuse.
Dhgsa dhlsi. To excuse oneself and
blame another.
Dhia puta. The entire family.
Joto dhia pntako oalaoena. The entire family
is gone.
Dhibri F. \ Having a voracious appe-
Dhebra M. J tite and a big round
belly, applied to children ; small of
stature.
Dhibri jondra. A stunted variety of
Indian corn which ripens earlier
than the common variety.
Dhibua. A pice.
Dhi damad. Daughter and her hus-
band.
Dhidhi. An exclamation of vexation
or displeasure.
Dhidr'k. Bold, fearless.
Dhiko dhoro. Cf. dhiso dhoro.
DhilTur. Sound of tiiumping, as that
made by the dhinki (q. v.)
Dhil
[ 137 ]
Dhirik
Phil. Careless, slack ; to neglect, to lose
heart, as a person in sickness.
Barg,hi ijhilkam. Slacken the rope.
Hormoe <lhilakat'a. He haa lost heart, or given
way to his illness.
Dhilau. To neglect, to slacken atten-
tion.
Philiiii goekedeali. I killed him by neglect.
Alope (Jhilauea. Do not neglect him.
Phil dhoko6. Loose, slack.
Phil (Jhokocko bit'aka€a. They have not fixed
_ the post firmly
Phil dhokodko tolakat'a. They have bound (the
_ bundle of firewood) loosely.
Phili sili. Careless, lazy ; to be care-
less or lazy.
Phili sili hor kanae. He is a lazy fellow.
Alom ^hili silia. Do not put off your time.
Philod dholon. Loosely, slack, the
opposite of firmly or tightly.
Philoii ^holoii oka doko joraokoa. Sometimes
they yoke them (the buffaloes) slaokly.
Sanam (Jhilon dholonena, orali haramente.
Every thing has become alack owing to the
house being old.
Dhilpur. Cf. dhirpur.
Philua. A bamboo or piece of wood
on which men swing at the Dasae
(q. V.) festival.
Philwan. To hang suspended by the
hands, or as bats by their claws.
Dhima. Mild, good tempered.
Phimalia. Cf. dhemali.
Dhimba. ") , ,
Phumba.|^^^"^P-
Dhimsi. Slightly, opposite of tight.
Dhimsi punsi.") Untidy, scattered ab-
Dhunsi punsi. J out, higgledy piggledy,
disarranged.
Samtiaoalfpe dhimsi punsikeda. You have
scattered what had been put together.
OraK sarim do sanam dhimsi pnnsikedako sim
do. The fowls have disarranged the
thatch on the roof.
Dhimsi pnnsikedae.
Dhinan. After-part of the day, after-
noon, later on in the afternoon.
Dhingur. Span between the thumb
and fore finger.
Bit?.. Span between the thumb and little fin-
ger.
Bey. Span between the thumb and little fin-
ger.
Dhinki. Wooden machine for husking
and cleaning grain.
18
Dhinkia. A crack shot with a bow
and arrow.
Phinku. To tilt up; mot. to harm
oneself.
Ror (Jhihkuanae. He was convicted out of his
own mouth.
Nondert otalokhan hauije dhiiilculja. If I press
down here the other end will tilt up.
Dhinkur. Sound of thumping, as that
made when the dhinki is being
worked.
Dhinwar. A jingle with dhlru (q. v.)
Dhip. Coast, shore, valley, bank of
river ; an island.
Barakar (Jhip. The valley of the Barakar river.
Darah dhip. A precipice.
Dhipau. To heat solids; to be hot,
as in fever ; to be zealous, to be
eager.
Hormo dhip^uakantaea. His body is hot.
Merhet' dhipaukateko pitaua. They heat the
iron and then hammer it.
Dhipcui. The King Crow, Dicrurus
viacroeercus.
Dhipi. 1 A mark where boundaries of
Phipu. J three villages meet.
PipT'}^''°°'>''^®P°*-
Dhit ( ^^ exclamation of vexation.
Dhira dhiri. Quarrelling and threat-
ening each other.
Dhir^ dhirikin kaphjriauKkana.
Dhirau. To threaten future harm or
loss.
Dhirau dohokediiiae, delmealah nahak.
Dhire suste. Slowly, by degrees, grad-
ually.
Dhire austeteli emkatama. I shall pay you
gradually.
Dhirhak. An exclamation of vexation,
or annoyance.
DhirhaK ! bape kamikana.
Dhiri. A stone.
Dhiri ot. Stoney ground.
Dhiri katkom. A species of crab which is often
found under stones.
Dhiri banda. Orchids which grow on rocks.
Dhiri japak. A small flowering plant,
Begonia picta, Sm.
Dhirik. "i Loathsome, nauseating, dis-
Bhirik. j gusting, sickening.
Jiwi dhirikentiAa. I am nauseated.
Dhirja
[ 138 ]
Dhoena
Dhirja. 1 Self-denial, contentment,
Dhirjau. / temperance, patience, self-
restraint.
Dhirja do b?mnKtama? Ha¥Q you no self-
restraint ?
4
Dhirkarahak. J tion, or annoyance.
■p., • . . ! Neglected, worn out,
Diiiron soron. >■ ° \ ■u^
Til . . unpresentable.
JUnoron porou. J ^
DhiroiisoroixiiimandaKkana. lam unpresent-
able from a cold.
Dhiroii soroh gota pe sakriakafa.
Dhirpur. To be contented, to be
satisfied.
Ere rorte bae dhirpurlenteye dib got'ena.
Not being satisfied with a lie he must needs
swear to it.
Dhirii. To bring forth young, said of
a cow. C£ dhinwar.
Dhir& gg-i. A cow with a calf,
Dhismis.lCor. of the English legal
Dismis. / term " dismiss."
Dhisodhoro. \ Bowels loose, slight diarr-
Dhikodhoro.J hcea.
Dhisodhoro lioKakanali. I have a slight attack
of diarrhoea.
Phisodhoroii a^kareda. I feel a touch of
diarrhoea.
Dhiso dhoro. Dirty, unwashed, un-
kempt.
Dhlt. Forward, froward, wilful, obs-
tinate, impudent.
Dhit. An interjection of annoyance.
Dhit ! alom onkawalla.
Dhii ! ili hiriiikeda.
Dhltao. "I Quarrelsome, seeking oppor-
DhSthao./ tunity to pick a quarrel.
Sill satup ^'^^thaogeye iSamkana. He la always
on the look out for an opportunity to pick
a quarrel.
Dhitho.
Dhito
Katha reaR dhitho banuKtaea.
Dhiusi. 7 Tacked on, slightly attached
i)himsi. J to, flimsily tied.
Tolre nasenakgeil (Jhiusialcada. I did not tie it
with a strong thread.
Sadom do khuntire (Jhiuaiakadeae. He has not
tied the horse securely to the post.
Barslii ganem (Jhiusi AoKlena. Tou only stayed
a few days.
Dhoao. To carry.
Am do nia katha ijhoao otoaeme. Ili do oholi
dhoao darelea. Carry this me8ei».ge to him.
i cannot carry it.
NunaK do ohoii (Jhoao darelea. I will not be
able to carry so much. "
ho. ") /-, , • ,
I" Certainty.
Dhob. Form, shape, pattern ; comely,
artistic, elaborate, as a carving.
Noa do adi (Jhobko benaoaka£a. This is beauti-
fully made.
Dhob dhobo. ") Big bellied, like a snake
Dob dobo. J that has just swal-
lowed a meal.
Dhobea. ") Applied to a person wasted
Dobea. J by illness who has a protu-
berant stomach, as one suffering
from enlarged spleen.
Dhobeaenae mate.
Dhobok. Cf. dhombak.
Dhocol dhocol. Cf dhucul dhucul,
Dhocor. Proud, froward, self-willed.
Adi dhocorae. He is very self-willed.
Ac dhocor lekae oalaka. He will go his own way.
Dhodhia sauri. "l A tall hill grass used
Dhudhia sauri. >- for thatching pur-
Dhudhi sauri. J poses Apluda aris-
tata, Linn.
Dhodia. ") A withered leaf of the
Dhoia. j Palmyra palm.
Dhodlo. ") Wide, loosely [fitting, as a
Dhodo. J garment ; corpulent.
Dhodo dhodo. Sound of drumming.
Pholko ruia dhodo dho^o.
Dhodor dhodor. Sound produced by a
cracked drum,
Gherako ruia dhodor dhodor.
Dhodor podor. '\ In disrepair, dilapi-
Dhodor pador. J- dated, filthy, clum-
Dhoron poron.j sily executed.
Dhoroii poron jh^mtiko etetakat'a. The fence
has been clumsily put up.
Dhodra. ") tt n • ,
i)hodro.j^°^^°^'°^*"^^-
Dhodro. Worn out, worn into holes.
Dhodro khacl9.K. A basket with holes in the
bottom.
Dhodya. M. ") Fault-finding, scolding,
Dhodyo. F. J complaining.
Dhodya mara haram. A complaining old fellow.
Dhodyo mara bu'^hi. An old scold.
Dhodyo. Hollow, as a pipe, etc.
Dhoena dalj. Water which has been
allowed to stand in a cooking pot
over night.
Plioena dafi ho ohom Jiamlea, Tou will not even
get the water which hag been in the
cooking pot over night.
Dhoia
[ 139 ]
Dhomos
Dhoia. Of. dhodia.
Dhoj. Highest point of a tree.
DhSk.-j
Dhok. [-Weariness, fatigue.
Dhak.J
Dhokbo maraoa. "We will rest
Nirdhok. Uuwenriedly, severe, exoeasive.
Dhok. Convenience, call.
AmaK dhoktegeii oalaKa ? Shall 1 go to suit
your oonTenienoe ?
Dh6k. The asthma ; phthisis.
K»si dhok. Bronchitis.
Dokh ' f ^° doubt, to deceive.
Get' Igigifem dhokalena? Wherefore didst thou
doubt P
Dhok dhok. ■) Gulping sound, or that
Dhok dhokao. J made by water poured
out of a bottle, or by a bear when
it charges.
Phok dhokao gofkedae bana do.
Phok dhokifi liukeda. I gulped it down.
Dhok dhok. Gurgling sound, as water
poured out of a bottle. Of. dhok
dhok.
DaKko duleda (JhoK (JhoK. The water gurgles
as they pour it out.
Dhok jiba. At random, on chance, in
sheer despair.
Dare baA aik^ueda dhok jib^ili kg-mikana.
Dhokha. To doubt, to deceive, to make
uncertain.
Dhokok dhokok. The sound produced
when water is shaken in a bottle,
or a rotten egg held to the ear
and shaken.
Dhokor.
Dhokra.
[ No, not, a scornful negative.
Dhokor satir bam calaolen.
Dhokor bae heolenkhan babon kami dareaEa ,
DhokorlaEae agulaSae.
Dhokor pokor.-) jj^j,^.g^l j^^^til
Dhakar pakar. )
Dhokor pokore jomkeda. He took his food m
a hurry.
Kirifi go^kedall dhokor pokor. I made my
purchases hurriedly.
Dhokra Dom. ") A section of the semi-
bhapra Dom. J Hinduised caste of
Doms.
Dhokran. ^How provoking; how
Dhokranak. \ annoying ; used main-
Dhokrani6. J ly by women.
Dhok'ranaKge ?.4ili ru9.Kkana. How proTokuig,
I have taken strong fever.
A species of waterfowl.
Dhokyanakgell hif ili otokada. How provoking,
I have forgotten it. (left it behind.)
Dhokfanio bae sonlena. How provoking, she
has not gone.
Dhokre. "J Crooked, bent, curled up ;
Dhokret. J to jerk the hip when
walking as one with a stiff hip
joint.
Panahi dhokrefentilia. My shoes are worn
away on one side.
Noa theiiga dhokrellgea. This walking stick
is crooked.
Dhol. A drum beaten on one end by a
stick and on the other by the
hand.
Dholkata.
Domkata.
Domtutiki.
Dholma. A large piece of raw meat,
generally without bones.
Mi£ dholmako emadiila. They gave me a large
piece of raw meat.
Dholo. Fat and lazy, applied to women.
Dholomolo. Out of sorts, depressed,
looking or feeling seedy, sickly or
drowsy looking.
Dholomolom rieloKkana. You look depressed.
Dhoma. A lump, a large piece, gener-
ally of meat.
Mi£ dhoma jele cha<Jao dohokeftiri lekaii aikau-
keda. I felt as if he had torn away a lump
of my flesh.
Dhombok. ]
bhumbak. j-To be curled up.
Dhobok. j
Dhomkao. To rebuke, to chide, to
set down.
Dhomkao go^kefkoae. He rebuked them sharply
Dhomok. Arrogance, haughtiness^
pride.
Dhomok comok. Threat,
Dhomok oomok uduKakome. Threaten them.
Dhomokia. Haughty, arrogant, proud,
egotistical.
Dhomos. \ Influence, effect, prestige ;
Dhomoste. J by force of, by means
of, through. Cf. dhamas.
Kul taraa reaK dhomos alijom teko bind9.rena.
Hoe dhomostege orak dalkaoena.
BohoK haso dhomoste gota hormo hasoediaa.
Euhei dhomosteko thirena.
Bijli reaK dhomosteii dalkao gofena.
DaK dhomoste oraK jarkaoena.
Dhompo
[ 140 ]
DhoroU
Dhompo. Lump, knot, mound.
Gira dhompo. The knots tied on a, string to
keep accounts with.
Dare ^hompo. A common annual plant found
about villages, Leonatis nepetcefoUa, B. Br.
Ot dhompo. Lepidagathis cristata, Willd., a
plant found on elevated dry situations, with
inflorescence resembling a ball.
Non^lege/i are glhompo lioga. I shall raise a
ridge (or an embankment) here.
Dhomsol. Fat and unwieldy, bulky,
over-stout, applied only to women.
Am do dhomsol mara aimai.
Dhon. Wealth, goods, property.
Dhon durib. fioods and chatties.
Dhona. A term of endearment applied
to children ; my treasure, my sweet,
my precious one.
Dhond. A species of snake found in
water.
Ea-^dhond"^' | Varieties of the "dhond" dis-
Ayai^honcl. ) tinguished by Santals.
Phondra phuruk. A large leaf cup.
Dhondra khalak. A large leaf cup.
Dhon. Ugly, ill looking, used generally
in fault finding. Cf. dhej dhon.
Phoiie lieloKkana. She is not good looking.
phonga. A dugout, a boat made from
a hollowed out tree, a wooden
trough.
Dhongol phosol. Carelessly, anyhow,
taking no interest in the work one
does.
Dhongol phosolko sioKkana. They are plough-
ing carelessly.
DhSnj . Necessity, pressure of business,
urgency.
Cei dhonj lagaoamkanaP What urgency is
impelling you ?
Dhontho. 1 . i ,
j., ■ >A knot, an excrescence.
Dare realf dhont;o. An excrescence on a tree.
Phop dhop. Sound of rapping or
knocking ; to knock.
Phop dhoppe ado jhioapea. Knock and it shall
be opened unto you.
phop dhop. Sound emitted by a
drum with a hole in it, or one that
requires lacing.
Dhopo. A hillock.
Bi\num dhopo. An ant hill.
Hane han(^e dhopo lielol^kan. Look, there is
a mound over there.
Phopsa. M. 1 Suffering slightly
Dhopsaha. M. > from dropsy, body
Dhupsi. F. J swollen.
Dhopyo. Old and weak.
Dhopyo mara hor. An old dry stick.
Dholabat. I ^^^X^^' "'''^^' °^^
Dhorage. J ^'
Huijuredae, dhorage liindae daga. It is thun-
dering, it will certainly rain during the
night.
Dhora bandha. Forcibly, to take no
denial.
AmaK kusi leka, dhora bandha ohofi idilema.
As you please, I will not take you forcibly.
Dhora bandhako jom ocokedea. They insisted
on his eating.
Dhora dhori. Blusteringly, threaten-
ingly, forcibly.
Dhora dhoriko idikedea . They took him away
with a certain amount of force.
Dhorao. To seize, to emply force.
Dhorao idikedeako. They seized and took him
away.
Dhorao. To begin, to set to, engage in.
Cf. dhurau.
Ma sehgel dhoraome, dalf mandiabon.
Kamireli dhoraolenkhan oholi ruarlena.
Dakare dhoraoakanae, oboe cekalena nui gidrg.
do.
Dhorat. \ A premium on a loan of
Dhorati. J money or grain.
The amoiant of premium given is generally one
anna in the rupee, and is returned to the
money lender, out of the amount given on
loan, at the time the loan is made.
Mit; taka emaiime, mit ana dhoratiA emama.
Give me one rupee, I shall return you one
anna as premium.
Phordhosaha. Without sufficient
cause or reason ; feignedly, preten-
dingly.
Phordhosaha nonde khone calaoena, atra dhur
ho thgitie bae senlena. He feigned going
away, but he did not even go half-way.
Phordhosahae kokoekana. He begs without
reason (as he has plenty.)
Phordhosahae raK baraeda. He cries with-
out cause.
Dhorma korma. Without assurance,
with little expectation, on chance.
Phoro dhoro. To gaze intently, to
stare.
Dhoro dhoso. Untidy, en dcshabilM,
dirty, messy.
Dhorok. To limp ; lame.
PhoroU dhoroKe calaUkana. He is limping.
Dhorom
[ 1^1 ]
Dhuku cuku
Dhorom. Truth, justice ; right, holy ;
religion ; to consecrate, to sanctify.
Dhorom Korom. Reputation.
Dhorom korom b^niiRtaea. He has no reputa-
tion.
Neo dhorom. Ceremonial sanotifioation.
Naeke doe dhoromoKa. The priest sanctifies
himself.
DhorOn poron. ")
m.J
Out of sorts, indis-
posed, filthy, dila-
Dhoron soron
pidated
Mandate dhoron sorohid afkareda. I am very
uncomfortable owing to a cold in the head.
Dhorori. ") A small horn made of brass
Dhoruri. J or copper.
Dhoro^ dhopot. \ Applied to the sound
Dhoro£ dhoroi J emitted by the tum-
dak (q. v.) drum when the varnish
has been worn off. Cf dhorot;
dhoroli.
Dhorot dhorot'. Worn and cracked, as
feet with much walking ; much
worn, as a shoe ; cracked, as a
plank, earthenware vessel, drum,
&c. ; footsore.
Tamak dhorot' dhorot' sa^elcana. The tamak
(drum) emits a cracked sound.
JatrikoaK jatiga senoK senokte dhorot' dhoro-
doKkantakoa. The pilgrims with continued
walking are becoming footsore.
Dhorpo. Cf dhopyo.
Dhorsa. Applied to both species of
the Hornbill {Hydrocissa cor-
onata, and Meniceros hicornis)
found in the Santal country when
speaking of them in the presence
of women, chamachako (q. v.) being
indecent.
Dhorsot morsol Ugly, unpreposses-
sing and dirty.
Dhosma dhusmi. Going from house
to house.
Ona oraK noa oraK ^hosma qlhusmi baraeae.
He keeps going from one house to another.
Dhosodhoro. Dirty, unkempt.
Dhowa bhowa.\Doubtful, uncertain, he-
Dowa bowa. J sitating.
Dhowa bhowae atkareda ; calak coe bah co.
He is uncertain ; he may not go.
Dhoyo^ dhopot. ~) With faltering steps,
Dhoyol! dhoyol;. J slowly, as an old
person.
Korae metaekana, baiima, haram her leka
dhoyo6 dhoyoCem calaKkana. He says to
the young man, you move with faltering
steps like an old man.
Dhua. Smoke ; to smoke.
Dhuakos. A steam ship.
Dhua rata. To place in smoke, to
smoke, as hams are smoked.
Dhua ratalenkhan huti bako joma. If it is
smoked insects will not eat it.
Dhua rata baj'aadiliako. They roasted it for me
(Indian com.)
Dhubi. A caste of Hindus, many of
whom are washermen.
Dhubi. To wash clothes.
N?.uke£ dhubiket'.
Dhubi ghas. A common grass, Cynodon
Lactylon, Pers.
Dhubi tasak. The name by which
Cynodon Dactylon Pers.
(dhubi ghas. q. v.) is referred to
when employed in the ceremony
known as cumaura. (q. v.)
Dhucul dhucul. Shaking the body.
Dhucul dhucule calakkana. He walks shaking
his body.
Dhudhua. A small earthenware pot,
the di-ied scrotum of a bull, used
to carry oil in.
Dhui. A boundary mark.
Dhui marte. \With a thud, or thump,
Dhui inente.J as a fruit falls from a
palmj'ra tree.
Dhui mente liurenae. Fell with a thud.
Dhui marte dalkedeae. He thumped him.
Dhuka. Hot ; to be hot.
Dhukgi din. The hot weather.
Dhuka dhuki. To altercate, to dispute
violently.
Adi dhuka dhukikin kaph?iri?ulena. They had
an angry altercation.
Dhuk dhuk. \ To pant, to palpitate,
Dhuk dhukao. / go pita-pat, to throb,
to flutter, to be frightened. Cf
dhak dhak.
Dhukau. To blow bellows.
Dhukni. An unmarried woman who
enters the house of the man of
her choice, and thus compels him
to marry her.
Dhukri. A beggar's wallet.
Dhuku cuku. ") To be uncertain, to be
Dhaku puku. J in a quandary, to be
unable to decide as to what to do
or say. Scottice, swither.
CalaK lagit' dhuku cukuKkanae. He cannot
make up his mind to go.
Dhulki
[, 142 ]
Dhunsi punsi
Dhulki. A kind of drum beaten with
the fingers.
Dhulki. Fat, stout, applied to girls.
Dhula. An erection on which grain is
stored.
The method of constructing the "dhula " is as
follows: — Posts — two or more — are fixed in
the ground at intervals in a straight line.
Fixed on the top of each post horizontally
is a piece of wood about two feet long with a
notch on the upper surface at each extremity.
A piece of wood running the whole length
is placed in the notches on either side. On
the top of this, which is about two feet high,
the bandis (q. v.) containing the grain are
placed.
Phulgi khunfi. The centre posts.
Dhulg, pirhi. The horizontal bars.
Dhula paron. The two pieces of wood running
the whole length.
Dhuluc dhupuc. "1 The head and body
DhuluM dhupuK. J to shake, as of
very old people when walking.
Dhuluc dhupuc. Of all sizes, big and
little.
Dhuluc dhupucko haraakana. They are of all
sizes.
Dhuluc dhupuc geleakana. The ears (of grain)
are not equal.
Dhuluk dhupuk. Cf. dhuluc dhupuc.
Dhum. ) To bluster, to threaten ;
Dhum dham. J tumult, tamasha.
Dhum dhamket'leae. He forced us by his blus-
ter.
Dhuma. M.lStout, fat, corpulent; lazy
Dhumi. F. J because fat.
Dhumbak. A ball, a clump ; to hud-
dle together, to collect in lumps.
Sire or dhumb^iKkoitiiia. I had cramp.
Sap dhumbaKkedeali. I seized and held him
securely.
Tol dhumbaKkatkoari. I tied their hands and
feet together.
Sadomiii or dhumbaKkedea. I reined the horse
in tightly.
Dhum dharkat. \Dilapidated, untidy,
Dhum dharkand. j neglected.
Dhum dhapot. Litter blown in by
the wind.
Aiji dhum dhapotketleae hoete. Our court-yard
was littered by the wind, (blew in straws,
leaves, &c.)
Dhum dharkar. Littered, dirty and
untidy, as a house that has not
been swept ; disorderly, dilapida-
ted.
Noa oraK dhum dharkar lieloKkana, This
house looks very untidy (as if no one lived
in it.)
•lumrr JF. }^*out, fat, corpulent.
Dhi
Dhumrl.
Dhuna dhuni. To butt each other, as
cattle ; to quarrel.
Dhunau. To stiike by jerking up the
head, to lift the head ; to bump
with the nose, to push ; to effect.
Uni gai doe dhunaukedea. The cow jerked up
her head and struck him.
Mihu do a^i atteko dhunaua nunure. Calves
when sucking bump (the udder) with their
noses with great force.
Cefem dhung.ua? What can you effect ?
Dhund. Dim, indistinctly.
DhtmdgeA bengeda. I see indistinctly.
Adi dhunda. Very thick dark (forest.)
Lar dhundteye ?itkir aderkedea. He ran with
into a tlucKet of lar. (q. v.)
Dhundha. M. | Foolish, awkward, igno-
Dhundhi. F. j rant.
Dhundha ghanti.') A large bell tied
Dunda ghanti. J round the neck of a
cow, or bullock.
Dhundharbhet'. A rat tat played on
the drum always when beginning
to dance the Lagrg dances; to
begin, to start.
NoKoeko dhundhg.rbhet'keda. Now they have
begun.
Dhundra dhundri. To search for here
and there.
Dhun dhun. Sound produced by strik-
ing anything hollow; ringing,
as metal when struck.
Dhungia. Smoke, smoky.
Adi dhuiigia k.ana. There is much smoke.
A4i dhuhgialca lohot sahan. Damp firewood
smokes much.
Dhuiigra dhutigri. To revile or call
names when quarrelling, to quar-
rel fiercely with each other.
Dhungrau. To scold, rebuke, speak
angrily, to put down.
Dhuhgrg.u sukkedeafi.
Dhunia. Semi-Mahomedanized aborigi-
nes who card cotton ; a Jolha, or
Mahomedan weaver.
Jolha oral? , Dhunia oraK.
Dhunin. Rich, wealthy.
Khub dhunin hor kanae. He is a very wealthy
man.
Dhunsi punsi. Ruffled, disordered,
towzled.
Hoe do sanam oraKe dhunsi punsi otokada.
The wind has disordered all the (thatch) on
the house.
Dhup
[ 143 ]
Dhuiuri dhururi
Dhup. A kind of rapier, a two edged
sword,
Dhup. Incense ; to burn incense.
Dhup dhuman. 1 ~ „ .
Dhup dhuu?.n. $ ^° °^'^'^ inoense.
Dhudhup. To burn inoenae.
Dhup dan. Inoense holder.
Dhup. Sunshine.
Dhup oraK. Withering house, (a tea garden
term.)
Dhup dhuman. *) m a- ■
Dhu J dhunan. j ^° "^^"^ '^''^'^'^-
Bohgako dhup dhnmanakoa.
the
A rapping sound.
There is a sound of
They burn in-
oense to the gods.
Dhup marte.
Dhup mente.
Dhup dhup
Dhup (Jhup saglekana.
rapping,
Dhupu6. ■) Fear, to be frightened, to
Dhupujok J dread.
Adifi diiupujoKkana. I am greatly alarmed.
Dhupuc. ■) Fear, to be frightened, to
Dhupucolc. j dread.
Dhupuc dhupucols. To be in fear ; to
lose one's breath through fear.
Dhur. Draught cattle, either oxen or
buffaloes.
Dhur menalf kotaea, se bail f Has he got plough
cattle or not ?
Dhur a, Rezin.
Dhura dhup. A small earthen ware vessel in
which rezin is burned as incense.
Dhura dhupkedae.
Dhurau. To begin, to set to, to engage
in.
K?.mi dhur?.uenae. He engaged in work.
Jojome dhur9.uena. He set to to eat.
Kamiko dhuraukedea. They set him to work.
Dhuraha. Ill-conditioned, worthless,
idle.
Dhurbaj. A rascal, rascally.
Dhur dhur. Begone, get you gone, off
with you.
DhurhaU.1 An exclamation of annoy-
DurhaM. ) ance or vexation.
DhurhaiK hirilikedall.
Dhuri. Dust.
Dhuri digl^u aguedae. He raises a cloud of
dust as ho comes.
Dhuria. 1 Individuals of the tassar silk
Dhurialij moth that are uni-voltine.
Dhurigi lum9,m. First class tassar cocoons.
These cocoons contain much more silk
than the multi-yoltine.
Dhuriali lumam. The tassar silk worms
that hatch in June and July. Cf
dhuria.
Dhui-iau. A method of curing sores
infested by maggots in cattle,
also of rendering the poison of
snakes harmless.
Incantations are employed and a little dust
thrown at the sore, or at the snoke.
Dhur jharaoni. Cf jharaoni.
Dhurkara. An exclamation of annoy-
ance or vexation.
Dhurp^u. \ Mid-harvest, busiest season,
Dhurup. / abounding, in full swing,
at the greatest height, as work in
harvest.
Cha sakam dhurp^uakana. Tea leaf plucking
is in full swing.
Matkom dhurpauakana. It is mid-harvest of
the matkom (q. v.)
Dhurmar. \ To drive away, to keep at a
Durmar, J distance, to put down, to
set down.
DhnrmarkediAako bako ror ocoadilia. They
put me down, would not allow me to speak.
Dhurri. A kind of trumpet.
Dhursau. To singe the hair off an
animal before flaying by placing
it on a fire.
Dhuruc. Stunted, as grain ; under-
sized, or puny, as a child.
Sanam janhe dhurucentiJia.
all stunted.
My janhe (q. v.) is
Dhurumjak. A rat tat played on the
drum at the end of the village
street at certain stages of the
proceedings during the celebration
of the Sohrae (q. v.) festival.
Kulhi mucgb^reko dhurnmjaga. They beat the
dhurumjaE rattat on the drum at the end of
the street.
Dhurup. C£ dhurpau.
Ha^i* dhurupakana. The market is in full
swing.
Dhurup arak. Two plants have this
name: —
An4ia dhurup arak. "Leucas cephalotes, Spreng.
Eiiga dhurup arak. Leitcas Clarhei, Hook.
Both plants are eaten as pot-herbs, but
Leucas cephalotes only in times of scarcity
Dhururi. A kind of trumpet.
Dhururi dhururi. Sound produced by
the " dhururi. " (q. v.)
Dhns
[ 144 1
Digau
Dhusa. J for cold weather wrappers.
Dhusau. 1 To depreciate, to desparage,
Dusau. J to find fault with, to pick
holes in, to blame, to censure, to
be unjust to.
Koako dusaukeiitifia. They disparaged these
things of mine.
Dhuti. A cloth worn round the waist
passing betwen the legs and fas-
tened behind ; to put on the dhuti.
Herel doko dhutilca. Men wear dhotis.
Dhusat. 1 A caste of semi-Hinduized
Dusat. I aborigines ; the Dosads.
Dhut. An exclamation of annoyance
or vexation.
Dhut '■ barickedam.
Dhusra. The pestle of a dhinki (q. v.)
without the iron ring.
Pi. ]
Dih. VA village, a hamlet.
i)hi.J ^
Dih dandi. The whole area within the
village boundary.
pian dian. Hanging down, suspended,
depending. Cf dawan dawah.
Dhuthalt. An exclamation of annoy-
ance.
Diara. A lamp stand.
Dia salai. Lucifer matches.
Dib. To take an oath, to swear.
Dib oco. To administer an oath.
Dibtet'ge alom diboKa. Swear not at all.
Dibi. A Hindu idol, particularly Kali
or Durga.
Die. To choke.
Janteye diolena. He was choked with a bone.
KathareA die go£ena. I choked over a word
(something which could not be told with
propriety.)
Pida. To stand, applied when speak-
ing to male children just learning
to walk.
Ma 4i4^1^nie. Come, stand up.
Pidi. To stand, said to girls who are
learning to stand alone.
Ma bi^i, diclikme. Come my daughter, stand
up.
Pldhauri. The tree which yields the
jujubes or Chinese dates, Zizyphus
jujuba, Roxh.
Pidhi. To be indisposed.
Jomreye ijidbiena. He is indisposed through
having eaten too much.
Hormoreli didhiakana, ohofi senlena. I am
indisposed in body, and so can't go.
Hormo do diiJhientiJia.
Didhi. C£ didhi badhi.
T-k • 11, • [One half more.
Pidhia. J
Didhiari hataoa sud do. I will charge interest
at 50 per cent.
Kicrio dicjhikate bandekme.
Ek ohinwa alom bandea, di^hikate bandekme^
Do not wear the cloth single, fold a part of it
double.
pidhi badhi. Unmatched, unequal;
to disagree, to altercate.
Jahae tuludem diijbi badhiena? Had you a
quarrel with any one ?
pig dig. Bright, resplendent, to run
swiftly.
Dig dig terdee. Very bright moonlight.
Pig digko marsala bati. They make a bright
light with the lamp.
Pig digauk. To shine, to flash.
Jol dig digauena. It has burned up brightly.
Dig 4igau baraekana.
Laga dig diggiukedeako liele do. The bees chased
(and he fled like a flash.)
Piga enec. ") .
Piiatati. I^ga^e.
DL|al.}^"J®^'^^'J^^^i^gly-
Digailc menteye orkeda. He pulled by jerks.
Kathako digak lioKakat'a.
Digak menteye tengo got'ena. He stopped all
at once.
Digak. To be in doubt; doubtful,
uncertain.
Unial? monere digalf hoeadea. A doubt entered
his mind.
4<Ji horko digagoKkana Isai dhoromre. Many
people are suspicious as regards the Chris-
tian religion.
Digalfgeii bujhaueda. I feel doubtful.
Digak digak. \
Dagak dagak.J-By jerks, jerkingly.
Dagar dagar. j
Sadom digaiK diggiKifi orea. I will rein in the
horse by jerks.
Dig^K diggike roreda. He speaks hesitatingly
(does not tell his story right off.)
Nari hijuKkana diggiK digak. The pulse is
jerky.
Pigau. To fail, to be rendered in-
effectual.
AmaK huknm oho (Jig^nlena. Thy command
shall not be superseded.
Amem menjoukanaK oho (Jigaulena. Thy will
shall not be frustrated.
Digdha
[ 145 ]
Dikli
Digdha. Doubt, suspicion, uncertainty.
Digdha go€enae. He became doubtful.
Digdhg, do.b^nuKau. There is no doubt about it.
Digic. To misgive, to doubt, to bode
ill, to suspect ; to offend.
Toyoen(Jal{ gofkediiia onatell digic rugirena.
A jackal crossed my path, and for that
reason I felt misgivings and returned.
Digioenaii. I am doubtful.
AlomdigijoKa. Harbour no suspicion.
Gogeore guguriore, doKen digioen, sahaokaK
lahaokalfme.
Digi migi. Jubilant; pomp, state,
show.
NitoK dope (Jigi migi go£ena. Now you have
become jubilant.
H9.thi hoko sajakadea, (Jigi migi. They have
put showy trappings on the elephant.
iJi doli menkeda ijigi migiko hijuKa, Rajan
bajanteko nidiria. I thought they will come
with much pomp, and take me away with
drums beating and colours flying.
Digir. \ Very fine, small, dust,
Digir digir./ ashes.
Digir digir lo oabaena. It is burnt to ashes.
Digir digir dhuri otahoRkana. The duet ia
carried before the wind.
Digir digirkedae. He made it into dust.
Digir ^igir ot lieloKkana. The floor is dusty.
Disom do lo ^igiren. The country is ruined.
Digir digir. Quickly, rapidly.
Hathi digir digir calaKkanae. The elephant
moves rapidly.
Digla dig. Quickly, rapidly, with a
cloud of dust.
Pigl^ dig liir hijuRkanae. He comes racing.
Sadom digla cligko dara. Horses run quickly.
Diglau. To grind, to make into dust,
to become dust, to be carried away
as dust ; to chase.
Gahga paromtele laga digl^'Ukoa hapen. We
will drive them across the Ganges yet.
Hoe jokhee dhuri diglauKa. Dust is driven
before the wind.
Dhuriye digl^ne^kana. He raises a cloud of
dust as he comes.
Digo dogo. Lazy, slothful ; a sluggard.
Digo dogo nit ho bam pharnao hodoKkana p
Tou sluggard, are you not yet fully awake ?
Digo dogo. Skaky,
Khimtii digo dogoko bi£aka<a. They have not
fixed the post firmly.
Digri. Cor. of the English legal term
" decree."
Pigriadiiiae. He gave a decree in my favour.
!&£ bare ^igrikatilime. Decide in my favour.
Digwar. Rural police maintained by
those Zemindars who hold Ghat-
wali or Service tenures.
Digwari. Of, or belonging to " digwar"
(q. V.)
Digwg,riye oalaoeda. He does the work of a
rural policeman.
Dih. A hamlet.
Dih d*n(Ji. Hamlet and boundaries.
Dihali. \ The small villages or country
Dihat. / surrounding a populous village
or city; the hamlet or hamlets
within the village boundary.
Ona dihjtteli sehlena. I went to that small
hamlet.
Dih9,t ren hor kanae. He belongs to the country.
Dihil dihil. Quivering, trembling as
a swamp, or as the flesh of a fat
animal when walking.
Dihri. The Superintendent of an an-
nual hunt (lo bir sendra, q. v.),
and President of the Supreme
court of the Santals of the district
(lo bir baisi, q. v.) for the settle-
ment of social matters.
The hjlls ftud forests in the Santal country are
divided into Sections for hunting piirposes.
Each section is in charge of a Dihri whose
duty it is to offer sacrifices to the Hunting
and local deities to ensure success and to
ward off harm from the huiiteve. He is
also President of the Supreme court of
the Santals which assembles in the even-
ing, to hear appeals from the Lower courts,
and to decide such questions as can only
be finally adjudicated upon by the Supreme
court.
Dik. 1 Annoyance, trouble, bother;
Dikdik. |- to annoy, to trouble, to
Dik dikauj bother.
Dik dikg.nediiikanae. He ia bothering me.
Dika dake.\Unstable, shaky, loose;
Diko doko. [ tossing, staggering.
Dika dakem ta^ameda. Tou are staggering.
Khunti do dika dakeKkana. The post ia shaking.
Oka ban urioa ona do ^ika (Jake.
Dikhitte. With eyes open, knowingly,
before one's eyes ; in a vision.
Met dikhittem guroUkana. You are falling
with your eyes open.
Dikhitte amem ere gotkedilia. You deceived
me before my eyes.
Dikiau. To tease, trouble, annoy, pes-
ter, worry, torment.
Uni kora do diki9.ukate ondekhone ru?.renffi.
The young man returned from there an-
noyed.
Dikli. A witch finder.
A dikli is supposed to be able to point out
■ witches, and also the evil spirit through
whose influence a person may be ill, or his
cattle dying, or his household suffering.
19
Diksik
[ 146 ]
IDingi datigua
Hia sides sliake with
Diksik. To annoy, trouble, bother.
Diksikkediiiae. He gave me annoyance.
Dil. Courage, pluck, bravery; to be
plucky, brave.
Dilakan tahenpe. Be courageous.
Dile Jiamkeda. He reoeifed'encouragement.
Dil legalSa^. I will risk it.
Dildal. Rock about, sway, waddle, body
to tremble with fatness when mov-
ing, as a fat ox.
Dil dale mo^aakana.
fatness.
Dildale oalalf kana. He sways as he walks.
Dil dil. \ Concussion, reverberation ;
Dil dilau.J to reverberate, to shake,
to sound loudly.
Khub dildilauedako tamak. They cause the
drum to sound loudly.
■p},° ■ ^ '■ [Brave, bold, sturdy, plucky.
Dili. A large basket in which grain
is stored.
Dilman. Brave, plucky.
Dima. Implies a future probability. -
Gapa dimgili calaka. I may go to-morrow.
On^le bali sukena menkhan gikhir dimareA iSam
rus.ra. If I do not succeed there, I will
receive it (land) back again,
DiSaki V^^^' "^^illiiig' '^^'^^^
Dimbi. A protuberance on anything
fixed into a handle or a shaft to
prevent the tang going further in-
to the handle than is necessary.
Dimbu baha. A plant in great repute
among Santals, Ocim'win Basili-
cum, var. thrysifioruni, Linn.
Dimci. A crupper.
Dimki. A large basket in which grain
is stored.
Dimsi punsi. Cf. dhimsi punsi.
Din kalom. Last year.
JDin bhor. The whole day.-
Dintare pe ohotkate. Thrice daily.
Dinke din. Day by day.
Din. Religion.
Be-din. Heathen.
Dina. ") Implies a future possibility ;
Dine. J by and by.
Am onrjem berel thirlenkhan dina mil din doli
senamgea. If you remain resident there
I shall one day visit you.
Hape so dina hara ocoam, ar lielme joSa se bah.
Wait and allow it to grow and see if it will
bear fruit or not.
-Non^em tahenkhan mii din do dinam kisaroKa.
if you remain here you will oncday become
rich.
Nui gidra do dinae seralenkhan do khube hu-
si?wo]ca . When tins boy grows up be will
be very clever.
Nui kora do din?. haTamoK jokheo do ohoe kbb-
jolena. This boy will not stoop when he
•grows old.
Noa ul do ding, haralenkhan khub joKa. When
.this mango tree grows it will bear much
fruit.
Iiiili goelenkhan dina, nui doe sukoKa, When
I am dead he wii get relief.
Dinam. \ Daily, every day, contin-
Dinamge.j uously.
Dinjm hiloK. Every day.
Dinda. Site of a house.
Eken ^in^gitef menaKtaea. He owns only the
ground on whioh his house stands.
Pin^?. paJija^hikme. Select a good site for youi
house.
Din dabur. To moisten, soak, saturate,
stream down.
Merom maklekhan mayam dili (Jg.bur atuka.
When a goat's head is struck off the blood
streams (and dyes all around.)
Dindawali. To suspend.
Aotegeye ph?.si ^illdawakena. He hanged him-
self.
Oka leka nui do diAdawaKe tulaeda? Howdoea
this man hold the balance ?
Apnar bela pai bucbucukana, hamar bela tula
4ili(JawaK. When it is his own time (buying)
he heaps up the measure, but when it is my
time (selling) he weighs it.
Dindi. Pod of the cotton plant ; a co-
coon.
Lnmam mit' bar ^indiko toloUkana. A few
silk worms are spianing cocoons.
Dindir sil Untidy, slatternly, careless
of attire, hair in disorder.
Dindir sit' up menaktaea. Her hair is in disor-
der.
Nihij.t dindir sit'ge tieloSKanae. She looks ex-
tremely untidy.
Dine6.}^f- ^^^^-
Dinga dangua M. \ Bachelorhood.
Dingi dangua. F. J Spinsterhood.
Pihgi ^ghguaireye baigiallea. She died unmar-
ried.
Dingar. \ Poor, weak, miserable, disre-
Dingra. J putable, low, lazy.
A.diye cliiigrgiwa. He is a very bad character.
Dingi dangua. Spinsterhood.
Dini
E 147 T
I>o
Dini. \Give, give to me or to us, used
Dani./ witH' animate objects only.
Dinitale^hititale, dinitale dnl»ri. Give toue
our daughter, give to us our dear one.
Dim tho. > ™, . .
Dini thor. i ^™" giyeto me.
Dini tho 9.gmem iligeli hapeea. Give him to
me then, I will quiet him.
Dini thor iii t;hen giguiem. Then bring her to me.
D?.ni se aguiem. feing him to me.
Dini ayo iii geli heoea. Give him to me, mother,
1 will hold him (child.)
DiSdar. JGenerous, Uberal.
4iji dini hor kanae. He ia a liberal mam
^^i diniae. He gives generously.
Dihmas. The end of the agricultural
year, the month of Magh, (Jan.
Feb..), when engagements termin-
ate, and accounts are made up.
Dipil. To carry- on the head, to under-
take responsibility.
Nawa pera^ hecakawaflea. Gele kanae R DiK-
pilio. We have had a new arrival. What
is itJ. A carrier on the head, (a female.
Dipilalime. Lift it on to my head.
piptuc.. The King Crow Cf. dhip-
cui.
Dipu. A depot for emigrant coolies.
Dir. To remain firm.
DiPakan d^hinakan tahcnpe.
Dira mundte."! Heartily, earnestly, with
Dire mundte. V heart and soul, lii'm-
Dire mur. J ly.
Dira mundte mi^ ho bae kamikana. He does
no work heartily.
Dir dir. \ Rushing, quickly, as a per-
Dii- dirau.J son acts when in a rage.
Dir dire lagakedeae. He rushed at him and
chased him away.
Dirhet. To take up one's quarters.
Okatem sen dirhe^ena.
Dirhi. One and a half. Of clerhi.
Dirhi barhi. Of unequal length, to
disagree, as two reports of the same
occurrence.
Dirho. Strong, substantial ; to estab-
lish, to strengthen.
Bea dirho oraKkan. It ia a good substantial
house.
Diri. To be late, behind time ; to delay,
to put off time, to be detained.
Alom diria heo godolime. Do not delay, come
quickly.
EfaK kathateii diriena. I was detained by some-
thing else.
Diridan. Swollen, aa a corpse; pot-
bellied, lethargic through having
eaten too much.
Diyidaiie gitioakana. He lies with a full
stomach.
Jom diridahenae. He is lethargic through
having eaten too much.
Dirim'dirim. jB^nging, thudding.
B?.nduk dirim mente saglfeKa. The gun goes off
with a bang.
Dir dir^u.l Quickly, rapidly, as a person
Dili diri. J acts when angry,
Dirdirau barae kanae. He rushes about.
Dirmi. |A large bamboo basket in
Dirmi. J which grain, &c. is stored.
Disa. To remember, to have in mind,
to be conscious of, to be aware of
Cef disg, hudis ban tahentalea. We shall bo
unconscious.
Disa hedadea. He remembered.
Disa-dohokaltme. Keep it in mind till required.
Kombroko bololena,, mankhan bale disgiletkoa..
Thieves entered,, but we were not aware of
them.
Bae dis?iadi(ia. He did not remind me.
Disi. Native, of the country.
Disi kicrio. Country cloth. Of home manu-
facture aa opposed to foreign.
Dismis.. "ICor. of the English legal
Dismis. J term " dismiss."
Disom. A country, particularly the
country or district in which the
Santals live..
Disom hor. The Santals of the country-side.
Disom gipitid sendra. Annual hunt which lasts
a part of two days, when the hunters pass
the night in camp together.
Disom hored. A common cultivated
leguminous plant. Glycine soja,
Lieb and Zucc.
Dista. 1
Dit dit. |-A quire of paper.
Jista. j
Ditom. The claws or pincers (chelae)
of crabs, &c., to grip by pressing
together.
Diuhe. A lamp.
Bati. Wick.
M?li. Earthenware vessel for holding the oil.
Diuhe jeredme. Light the lamp.
Do. A very common particle giving
emphasis or clearness.
Ona real? bhed do- noa- kana. The purport of
that ia this.
B&
[ 148 ]
Docjoroso
Tayom utg.rte do jawae kofako ojogea. At the
very last they anoint the bridegroom.
Inakate do bana hor b9.t;i daKkin saba. After
that they both take hold of a brass vessel
of water.
Uni do bah, nui kangeae. It la not he, but this
person.
Do. An emphatic or persuasive par-
ticle, used with the Inperative.
Do oalakme. Go.
Do g.giiitalahme. Go bring ours.
Do nahalc hijuKme. Come in a little.
Doal To invite, to call, to say ' come'.
Doa€ delaatpeako. They invited yon to come.
Doat'koako. They will invite them, or call them
to come.
Deal. A sari striped red and white.
Doasala."!
Doasla. j-Mixed.
Dorasa. J
Doasala kioris. Cloth made of silk and cotton.
Doat. An ink stand.
Dob. "I To prohibit, to lay an embar-
Dobon. J go on, interdict.
DobkaKme jahae aloko jom. Prohibit any one
eating them, (frint.)
Dob hoeena. It is interdicted.
Dobatia. Cross roads, the junction of
two roads.
Dobdobo. The feeling after a rather
full meal.
Jom (Jobijoboenali.
Dobol poesa. A double pice.
DobhaK. ") A pool of water, a puddle, to
Doblak. J collect, as water in a hollow.
DaK do bah dobhaklena. The water did not
collect.
Dobka. ") A basket used to lift water
Dopka. J for irrigation.
Pobka. The pattern made by Mahlis (q. v.)
Sere. ,, ,, Doms, (q. v.
Doblak. C£ dobhak.
Dobo. Big, large.
Dobok. To bow, to salute by bowing
down, to worship.
DoboKadeae. He bowed down to him.
Dobon. To subdue, to check, Cf dob.
Dobonet'ko kanakin.
Dobor. Double, fold.
More dobor. Five fold.
Dobor dand. Twice over.
Dobof dand arh5 emoK hoyoKtitia. I will have
to pay it over again.
Dobor (Jangle agukedilia. He charged me twice
for it.
Dobra. Fold.
Bar dobra l?.tumkate. Fold it twice.
Do6 miru. A species of parrakeet,
Falceornis torquatus.
D6d, Intense internal pain.
Docot'. Comb of a cock, &c.
Doda muc. ") A species of large black
Donda muc. / ant.
Dodao. To deny, to repudiate, to
disavow, to unsay.
Kathage dodao baraeedae. He repudiates his
statement.
Dode. To call, to invite to accompany.
Ale ho Jode idilepe. Call us so that we may
accompany you.
Dode agukom se. Bring them along with you.
Onko doK^e calalhne. Go and tell them to
come.
Dode torakedeale. We called to him to accom-
pany us as we were passing.
Dodhari. A common fern, Acliantwai
lunulatwm. Burm.
Nanha dodhari. Uheilanthus tenuifolia, 8iv.
iS jv • ■ ■ ■ >A species of Parrakeet)
Dodharia miruj '■
Palceornis Alexandri.
Dodhio. "1 Hollow, and therefore unser-
Dhodro. / viceable, as an old tree ;
worn out, old.
Po^hio mara budhi. > An old worn out hag.
Dhocjro mara buglhi. ) (Applied sometimes by
a graceless daughter-in-law to her old
mother-in-law.)
Dodo. M. ") Old, worn out, dried up,
Phadri. F. J applied to the ripe fruits
of certain species of Cucurbitacese
which are succulent when gi'een,
but a mass of fibre when ripe.
Noa jhihga dodoena. This ihihga. (q. v.) is a
mass of fibre.
Poijo mara haram. An old dry stick.
Dodom dodom. A rat tat played on
the drum by Dom drummers.
Dodormod. C£ dormoc.
Dodrosot'l^°<^^fP°f^'^' "'^* °^ '°'*'' '"'
Dodroso. / pulled down.
Dodroso lieloKkanae. He looks indisposed.
Nui 4aiira do dodoroso fieloEkanae, alope jo-
jaoea. This bullock looks ill, do not yoke
it.
Teheli do dorosoroli a^kareda, gitioakanaJi. I
feel out of sorts to day, and am lying down.
Doelao
[ 149 ]
Dohfa
Poelao. To apprehend, to seize, goods or
cattle for debt, &c. ; to throw into
water.
Sipahiko iJoelaoke6koako. The police appre-
hended and took them away.
Okareko rapakkedea? Poelaokedeako. Where
did they burn his body ? They threw it into
the river.
I)oema duimi. Going about from place
to place.
Am do (Joema ^uimi bayae kanam. You go
wandering about from place to place.
Doemon. Ill-shaped forehead, ugly,
having a sore between the eyes.
Doemon bohoK. An ill-shaped head.
Doemon o?ndi. AH ill-shaped forehead.
Gurente noSoe doemoiienae. He has a wound
on his forehead through falling.
Dog. A leaf bud, point of a twig,
stalk of sugar-cane, fee, Cf. dhoj.
Mihn bes dogko 6eloKkantaea. His cattle look
thriving.
Doga. TA cutting of sugar- cane for
Pugi. J planting.
Dogdog. ■) A feeling of want of elasti-
Dogdogo. J city in the body, languid,
inert, as one gorged with food.
Dogdogo baraekanae. He is lounging about.
Dogdogoli afkareda. I feel languid.
Pogdogao. To grow luxuriantly, to
flourish.
Onte idikope ghaakhub ijogijogaoakana. Take
them (cattle) over tbat way the pasture is
luxuriant there.
-Dogdogo. Heavy, indisposed to move,
as one who has gorged himself
with food.
- Dogdogo atkaroKa jasti jel jomlekhan. After
being gorged with flesh an indisposition to
move is felt.
Dogdogo. C£ dogdog.
Dogodhon. ") To be worried, troubled,
Dokodhon. J pestered,
CaKpe dogodhonelikana ? Why do you pester
me?
Dogor. Likelihood, appearance, pro-
bability.
Noa reaR dogor do cef leka ^ikaulikana, ale sen-
ko digria se bail ? What do you think pro-
bable, will we get a decree in our favour, or
not.?
Dogorre ball buih9.u Hameda.
Doha boha. Cf. dhowa bhowa.
Dohae. To cry out for justice, to appeal
for justice ; a plaint.
Dohae ! dohae ! Kumpgiui reaR dohae. A cry for
justice to the defunct Honourable East
India Company, who is still regarded by the
oomrmon people as controlling their destiny.
Kaesarem dohaeakawadea, Kaesar thengem
oalaHa. Thou hast appealed to Cesar, to
Cesar shalt thou go.
Dohar. Double cloth.
Dohara. A stout, well-grown young
person.
Hojmo ar usulte bes dohara. Stout and taU.
Dohlao. To break out afresh, as a fire
that was apparently extinguished,
or a sore that has been healed ; to
relapse after partial recovery, as
in illness.
Eog dohlaoena. The disease has broken out
afresh.
Dohmot. To falsely accuse, to slander.
Dohmotadiliako. They slandered me.
Doho. To put down, to place, keep,
retain.
Holaii heo dohoakana. I came yesterday and
stayed on.
M9l5ihi then lai dohokaKmo. Inform the village
Chief, (the information to be made use of
afterwards if necessary.)
Chu^ki batfciye dohoakaf k'ina. He has married
two wives.
Han4i dohoepe, ninakte do gir?ibo tola,
OraKreye doho baeakaf a. He has treasured it
up, or he has concealed it in his house.
Kicric doho hatarkatilime. Keep my cloth
for me for the present.
Nni _ gai doe dohoakada alope aiaea. This cow
is in calf, do not plough with her.
NuiaK bhorombo dohoakat'a. We have savd her
reputation.
Am do eiigam apum reaR bhorom bam doholaEa.
You did not preserve the honour of your
parents.
Disom hor apetheniA jorhatoKkana, dohokalipe.
Ado disom horgeko dohokaea. country-
men ! I beseech you to pardon me. And
the country-men will pardon him.
Doho. A tumour, wart, excrescence,
a camel's hump.
Non^o dohogea. There are excrescences here.
Dohra. To double, to do a second time
or over again.
Jondrako dohraeda. They are hoeing the In-
dian corn a second time.
Kami dohraepe. Do the work over again.
Bar dohrale pokeda. We hoed it twice after
the first time.
Dak dohra dohrate hijuKkana. The rain comes
time after time.
Dohra dohrae kokoekana. He asks over and
over again.
Dohta. Having two houses in different
places ; a town and country resid-
ence.
Nui doe dohtaaka€a. He has built himself
another house in a different village (and has
now two houses.)
Doja
[ 150 ]!
Doloe dbloe
Doja. Second growth, second brew.
Doja. A second growth of rice after tHe first
has been reaped.
Doja ghas. An after math.
Doja jon^ra. A second growth of Indian corn
from the stumps of the first crop.
Doja kora. A widower or divorced uan.
Doja kuri. A widow or diroroed woman.
Doja han^i. A second brew of rice beer from
the same grain.
Dojnap. Unmatched, irrregular, long
and short.
Dojnapteii la^mnkeda kicrie do. I did not fold
the cloth evenly.
Katup dojnapgea. The fingers are not all of
the same length.
Dojnapgeakin, ohokin jurilena. They are of
unequal height, they will not match.
Dojok. The belly, livelihood, the
necessaries of life.
Cefleka oalaKkantakoa dojok do? How are they
off for the necessaries of life ?
DoM. To shelter, save, protect, rescue,
preserve, shield.
Oholi doKlebena. I will not stand between you
(and your punishment.)
Uniye ror doltkediiia. He spoke on my behaK
and saved me.
B^jid khon doKlem. Deliver us from evil.
Doka. A small deciduous forest tree,
Odina Wodier, Roxb.
Dokan. A shop.
DoKkanio. A shopkeeper.
Dokandar. A shopkeeper.
Dokdoko. Long, projecting.
Pok^okoe goKakafa. He carries it projecting
over his shoulder.
Dokha. "I Doubt, hesitation, uncertain-
Dhokha. J ty, deceit, disappointment.
Dokhali bujhg,u'eda, bah doA oalaK, bah do bah.
I feel uncertain as to whether I shall go or
not.
Dokhakediilae. He deceived me.
Dok cgrg. The Painted Snipe, Ros-
tratula capensis.
Dokhol. To occupy, or be in posses-
sion ; occuj)ancy, possession.
Gah n?ti on parom no parom dokhol tahekan-
taiea. We were in possession of both
banks of the Gang river.
M^Ajhi do noa jasgae dokholakawadilia. The
village chief put me in possession of this
land.
Noa bafge iA dokholre menaKa. This garden
is in my possession.
Dokra. A coin of the value of one
fourth of a pice.
Del. A company, party, detachment,
group, band, sect.
Mi£ dolko calaKkana. They are going in a
band.
Bar dol menaKlea. There are two parties of us.
Dol. y A Hindu festival observed
Dol gundi. > on th<e 14th Phalgun.
Dol. An iron bucket for drawing
water from a well.
Dol. "I A long trailing grass foiind in
Dal, j the beds of tanks and other
moist situations, Panicum stag-
ninum, Linn.
Dola. A kind of palki.
Dolan. A large house built of brick
or stone having a flat terraced
roof.
Dolao. Damp, limp, lean, poor, lost
freshness.
Noa do^olaogea, bape taselaKa. This is damp-
ish, you did not spread it. in the sun.
Nui sadom doe ijolaoena. This horse has be-
come lean.
Nes do uni hor u^i^ ^olaoakana. That man is
veiy hard up this year.
Dol doli. ") A swamp. Scottice, moss
Dal dali. J hctgg.
DoIdoL A lullaby sung to babies by
Santal mothers.
Dole. To bob up and down on the
surface of the water, to sway from
side to side, as a lighly laden boat.
Dolel.| A document, any legal instru-
Dalil. 3 ment, documentary proof
Dolkha. A large leaf cup or basin.
Dolmolao. ") To shake, to harass, to be
Tolmolao. J in straits.
Eehgecteko (Jolmolaoena. They are in straits
for want of food.
Ot ^olmolaoena. The earth shook.
Dolodan. 1 The small, poisonless, green
Horhoran.J grass-snake.
Dolodolo. Slowly, gently, carefully.
CeiJlekam hijuKkana dolodolo ! Atte hijulcme.
How slowly you are coming ! Come quickly.
Dolomolo. ")Sad looking, dejected,
Dholomolo. J depressed, untidy.
Beret tora dholo mologe a^karoKa. On first
getting up one feels dazed.
Cefileka dholomolom llelolkana. How dejected
you look.
Doloe doloe. Shaking gently, swaying,
nodding, dangling.
Doloe doloeem dipil agueda horodo. The dhan
dangles as you bring it on your head.
Doloe doloe hil^uEkana. It sways gently.
Dolcp dolop
[ 151 ]
Dondho iiiomlho
Dolop dolop. Thick, crowded, dense.
Dolop dolop rimilo rakapakat'a. Dense clouds
have arisen,
Dolop dolop sakamakana dare do. The tree ia
very leafy.
Dolop dolopko bahaakana kuri do. The girla
have large bunches of flowera in their hair.
Dolop dolop. Swaying, shaking.
Dolop dolopko eneoa. They away' to and fro as
they dauoe.
Dom. A semi-Hinduised caste of
aborigines, many of whom are
musicians.
Pomateko calatta. They go with a band of
Dom musioiana.
Dom. To delay.
Domkediiiako. They delayed me.
Dom. ") To rest, to be invigora-
Dom maro. J ted.
Jir^n liogoKkanae dom maraoa mente. He ia
resting to overcome his wearineaa.
Domao. To strike, to beat.
Domaomeali nahaK. I shall beat you presently.
Domba dombe. "| Uneven, knotty, hav-
i)ombe. J ing knobs, or ex-
crescences on the surface.
Baber <lombeakana. The twine ia knotted.
Domba "i 1 Wheedling, deceiving.
44i dombaj hor kanae. He ia an arch deceiver.
Dombal dombol. \ Rising and falling,
i)ombol dombol. J as a boat on the
waves,
MundheC (Jombol 4ombol gituKkana. The log
riaes and falls aa it floats.
Dombol <Jombol baraekana. It goes on riaing
and falling.
Dombe. A knot, an excrescence on a
tree.
Baberpe tol dombeaka^a. Tou have tied the
twine into knots.
Dombohok. The Dom's head, a rat tat
played by drummers accompanying
a man-iage party for the purpose
of keeping the various groups in
touch with each other,
Dombok. Little balls of bread, gene-
rally made at harvest time from
the flour of new rice.
Dombol dombol. Heaving up and down
as a boat on a rough sea.
Dombrao.l To set down, to subdue, to
Dambrao.j prevent, to over come.
DaEe'dombraokedilia bahkhan iArohoecaba-
kea. The rain prevented me or I should
have finiahed planting.
Domcok. ") A 1. 1 J
Domcot. j^^""^l''P*^*''''"°^"^-
Utko domooKana. Camela have humps.
DomcoK burn. A hill, or large mound stand-
ing in a plain.
Domedom. Out of breath, to breathe
heavily; repeatedly, heavily.
4di domedomiri atkareda. I feel out of breath,
^gli domedome dalkedea. He struck him repeat-
edly.
Pomedome sahet'eda. He breathes heavily .
Dom ene6. A kind of dance.
Domge. A small mound or hillock.
Cf. damgi.
Domkao. To become less, to decline,
to cease, to be still, to rebuke,
to chide.
Eu9. domkaoentaea. His fever has declined.
Botorteko domkaoKa. They will lie low through
fear.
DaK hoe domkaokeda. The rain has ceased, or
has passed over.
Domkodokod. A tree so named.
Domkol. Floating and stationary, as
a buoy.
Domes. Cf dhamas.
Dom tunki. A species of waterfowl.
Domuhani. The j unction of two rivers.
Don. To leap, to jump, to frisk.
Don baraekanae. He is frisking about.
Katba dom don paromkeftifia. Tou did not
obey me.
P9.k don. A dance danced by men only.
Don. A wooden trough. Cf daka^ak.
Dondgot, Having the head shaved, a
shaveling.
Dondha. A mass, a mass of foam, a
collection of foam, sticks, leaves,
&c. gathered together in the
eddy of a river.
Moca dondhaentae sukri do. The pig's mouth
is a mass of foam.
Hakoko dondhaakaua. The fish are all in one
place.
MuoKo dondhaakana. The ants are masaed
together.
Dondho. Cloudy, hazy.
Kuhyate dondhoakat'a. It is hazy owing to
the miat.
Eimilte dondhoakafae. It is cloudy.
Dondho mondho. Indisposed, out of
sorts.
Dondho mondhoe lieloKkana teheA. He looka
out of aorta to-day.
Dondhor
[ 152 ]
Dora daga
Dondhor. A hole, a hollow.
Dare dondhor. A hollow in a tree.
Dhiri ijonijhor. A hole in a stone, a cave.
Dondhor cet'em solSeda ? Why are you thrusting
your hand into the hole ?
Dondlon. To shave the head.
A(Ji se menaKkotaea ^ondlohkaeme.
Pondo. Polled, as an ox or buffalo.
Dondorcoi | pi^^^, still.
Dundurcut. J
Dondorco^e durupatana. He aita ae if he were
a fixture.
Dondorcof burn. An immovable mountain.
Dondor puli.\Used by women when
Dordor puli. J scolding girls.
pondroU. Cloudy, dull.
Teheii do (JondroKakadae. To-day is cloudy.
Dongada. A small pit or hole; any
water course, etc. that cannot be
stepped over, but must be jumped.
Cf. don, and gada.
Koa horte adi don gada menaKa, etaK hortebon
calalia. There are many places that re-
quire to be jumped on this way, we will
go another way.
Dongam. Cf. engam dongam.
Dondon. Erect, applied to tall persons.
Pohdoh uont^eye tehgoakanae. He standa erect
here.
Don enec. A certain kind of dance.
Dorigali. To be carried, as a bride to
her home.
Doiiga ocoKe liamkana! Does she wish to be
carried P (Said of a bride who is reluctant
to go to her husband's house.)
Donger. A dance by men only on the
evening of the first day of an
annual hunt.
Don rar. The time beaten on the
drums and the air sung when the
djOn dance (q. v.) is being danced.
Don sereii. The songs sung during
the dancing of the don dance
(q. V.)
Doagoe. _ ] In puffs, puffiing.
Dongoe dongoe. _> ^ ' ^ »
Dohgoe dongoe dhuakkana. The smoke issues
in puffs.
Docgoe marte dhua goiena. The smoke rose
in a puff.
Dohgoe dohgoe dhua odokokkana. The smoke
issues in puffs.
Dongol. Company, detachment, party,
group, crowd, sect.
Barpe dohgoiko ealaoena. Two or three parties
have gone.
Dongol. A large house, a palace.
Dongol phosol. {carelessly.
Dhongol phosol. ) ■'
Dongol phosole kamikana. He ia doing his
work oareleaaly.
Ponka. ") To publish slanderous state-
Donkao. J ments, to out-caste.
Diaomre kathae dohkao go^keda. He spread
slanderous statements over the oonntry. -
Kulhi durupreko dohkakedea. They out-oasted
him at a meeting of Santa Is.
Dontho. A knot.
Dopca. 1 Badly executed, as a piece
Dopcaha. ) of work ; flawed, as an
earthenware pot, agricultural im-
plement, &c., unserviceable.
Churi do dopcagea.
Pop dop. Cloudy.
Dophar. Layer above layer.
Dophar dophare mail9,akana. There is layer
upon layer of dirt on him.
Dophar dophare dohoakat'a. He has put them
one above the other.
Dopka. A basket with which water is
raised for irrigating purposes.
Popo. A very small mound or hillock.
Popol Hollow, flaw, as in an earthen
pot ; the shell can be pressed in be-
cause hollow, as an india rubber
ball.
Guli dopof dopodoKkana. The ball can be
depressed because it is hollow.
Tuknd (Jopol; dopo^gea. The pot has a flaw in it.
Alope kirilia dopotgea. Do not buy it, there is
a flaw in it.
Poptho. Bones projecting at the joints
like knobs, a knob or excrescence
on a tree, &c.
Dor. I
Dor bhao. [-Rate, price.
Dor dam. J
Adiye dordamkeda. He priced it very high.
Pora. A string round the waist with
which ever Santal child is provided
immediately after birth.
Pora bohok. A red flowering plant
found abundantly in the jungles
during the cold weather, Verno-
nia Roxburghii, Less.
Dora daga. Misfortune, anything that
hinders, as illness, &c.
DoradagaA Jiamkeda onate ban arjao dareada.
I met with a misfortune (bullocks died,)
and could not therefore get a good harvest.
Dorae dome
[ 15:3 ]
D
osa
>■ Acall to goats.
to call evidence. Qi.
Dorae dorae
Dorr.
Dorao.jTo prove
Darao.J darao.
Dorasa. Jlixed.
Dorasa. Slightly.
Cetilekae rn»kbaua ? Dorasae ruaKbana, khub
do ban. How is hia fever? Slight, not at
all severe.
Dorbar. An assembly, a meeting, a
panchayat.
Dorbaria. One in the habit of attending
darbars.
Dorbhao. Cf. dor.
Dordag. 1 Misfortune, anything that
" a. j" ' • ' '^" • '
Dorobotolo. Full to overllowing.
The river Sora in full
Sora nai do doi-obotolo
to overflowing.
Doro doro.
hinders. Cf doradaga.
Price, rate. Cf dor.
Dordaga
Dordam
Dordar. To barg-ain, to agree to a price.
Border otokatele hedena. We fixed the price
and came away.
Dordor. A long straight sindur mark ;
long and straight.
Bonga dhiri dordorko sinduraKa. They put
red lines upon the spirits' stones.
Dordore sindurakana. She has a long sindur
mark on her.
Dordor tae mil. She has a long straight nose.
Bahu do dordore muana. The bride has a long
straight nose.
Dorho. Strong.
Dorloe. Famine, scarcity, distress.
■ Adi dorloe calaoena. A great scarcity has pas-
sed.
4-di dorloe calaKkana. The present is a time
of great scarcity.
Dormad. 1 . -i- -n
Dormadi.;^i^™g^' ^"-
Dal dormadikedeako. They beat and hurt him.
Dormoc. Ill, ailing, out-of-sorts, any
thing wrong with any part of the
body ; painful
Kur dormojenae. ""
Sir dormojentaea.
Dal dormooakadcako. They beat and disabled
him.
Tire dormoeakanae. His hand is painful.
Dormod. Cf dormoc.
Dorob. Metal, excluding iron.
Dorobos. All the necessai-ies of life
Dorobos tahen tuluo kacharteko senena. They
have gone to Cachar although they wanted
lot nothing.
Dorobos sanamak menal^taeb., enhS bae tahena.
She has every thing she needs, still she will
not stay.
He fell and hurt himself.
Quickly, without delay.
Doro doro idi got'aemo. Take it to him witliout
delay.
Doroga. A Head constable.
Dorok. jln comp. be done with it,
Dorogok.J have it over, let it take itJ
way, it can't be helped.
Dayakate aiijom doroK tirime. Kindly hear
what I have to say and have it over.
Daka jom doroKkaKme. Eat up the rice and
be done with it (do not be fastidious )
Sahao doroKkaKme. Bear it, it can't be helped.
Dorok dorok. "1 ,- •
Dhorok dhorok./^™Pin&-
Dorok doroKe tarameda. He is limping.
Dorokia. Fearful, timid, afraid.
Dorom. To set on end, to set up verti-
cally.
Pili leka hormobo doroma.
Kan(Ja doromkam. ' Set the water pot ud
straight.
Dorop. Metal, excluding iron.
Dorosoro. Ailing, out-of-sorts, indis-
posed.
Dordor puli. Cf dondor puli.
Dorpha dorpha. In rows, one after
another.
Dorpha dorphafco godena. They died one after the
other.
D5rse6. To tilt up, to upset, to tilt
over to one side ; to die.
Dal dorsedkaeme. Knock him over.
Dorsedenae. He is dead.
Khunti dorsedakana. The post is off the per-
pendicular.
Dorson. To see, to look, to visit a sac^
red shrine, to see a vision.
Okatem senlena? Dorsoniil senlena. Where
did you go ? I went to visit a sacred shrine,
i. e. the liquor shop.
Ce(;em dorsoneti tahekana? What were vou
looking at P
Dos. Council, panchayat.
DosiA jarwakoa. I will call the panchayat
together.
Nonije dosbo durupakana. The . council is
sitting here.
Dos. Crime, fault.
Cetem doskeda ? What fault did you commit p
Dosa. Condition, state, welfare, well-
being.
20
Dosar
[ 154 ]
DubuU dubuk
Dosar. \
Dosri_. [Second, next, another.
Dosrae.J
Dosar hiloK. Next day.
DoSra hor. Another man.
Dosima. Boundary between two villa-
ges, or two estates.
Dosimare alom oraga. Do not build yonr house
on the boundary line.
Doskhot. ") Signature; to adhibit
Dostokhot. J one's signature or mark.
Dowal. Of. doal.
Doya dape. Tired, worn out with
labour or travel ; staggering like a
tired or drunk person.
Doya ijape darankanae. He is staggering.
Poya ^apeenae. His strength is completely
gone.
Doyo. Slightly.
Kulai doyoakanae.
. Noa dare do nasenaKge doyoakana.
Phalna hor then nui doe doyo ereakana.
Doyok. To loathe food, stomach to
turn, to retch ; vomiting,
DoyoK doyoKA atkareda.
Doyol doyol. Rising and falling, ascend-
ing and descending, heaving.
Mun^ha^ daKre ijoyol (Joyol atuKkana. The
log rises and falls &a it floats on the water.
poyoli. "I Used up, worn out with
Doyot; dopot. V travel or hard work ;
Doyot doyot. J knocked up.
Si ^oyot'kedeae. He ploughed with it until he
kaooked it up.
Dru dru. \ , ,, ,
Pruhdruh.|^^^"*°P^g^-
Druhet! druhet. A call to sheep.
prui clrui. A call to buffaloes.
Duar. An opening for ingress and
egress.
Silpili. A door.
Caukatha. A door frame.
Kapat. A wooden door.
Duara. A house th rough which acces
is had from the street to the court-
yard of a house.
Duarsini. A malignant spirit, so
named.
5*^^ , "I Sink once for all.
i)uD marte. J
Dub marte unum gocenae. He sank and never
rose again.
Duba. To flood, to engulph, to cover
with water ; a flood.
Ahar reaK hero daKte ijub&aka^a. The dhan
in the ahar (q. v.) is under water.
Auri daK <Juba beokate sanamUoe jhati^uko
dhabio. Until the flood came and carried
them all away,
Duba cSrS.IA common waterfowl, the
Pani duba.J Coot, the Diver.
JDubau. To flood, io engulph, to cover
with water, to be lost, as a debt
not paid.
AcurkatamaA ohoft ]om dubauletama. I will
return it, I will not defraud you.
Dub dhan. ") To give a piece of dp.b
Dub ghas. ) grass, (Gynodon Dacty-
lon), as a proof that a bargain has
been completed.
Dub dhan epemenakin. The have each given
the other a piece of dub grass.
Dubdubi. ISwollen or tight feeling
Dub dubia. J in the stomach, costive.
Begor jomte lad ^ubdubiaRkantiiia. Although I
have not eaten I fefel a tightness across the
stomach.
Dubdubu. C£ dubdubi.
Dub ghas. A very common fodder
grass, Gynoden Dactylon, Pers.
Dubha. A large metal bowl without
a rim.
Dubhau. To spring, to issue, as water
from a spring.
Pubhi. I ^ g^^jj ^^g^gg ^^^j
Jiati. J
Dubhi The hip joint.
Dubraj. A variety of the rice plant.
Dubuc. "1 To pop the head under
Dubuc dubuc. I water, head to go
Uduc dubuc. J under water again
and again, as a person drowning.
Dubue dubude unumoKkana. He is sinking
and rising to the surface of the water again
and again.
Dubu dubu. A rat tat played on the
drum at a hunt.
Dubu dubu. Big bellied, feeling of
full stomach.
Dubuk dubuli. To nod the head, to
bow the head, as when making
obeisance.
D'abun dubun
[ 155 ]1
Dull duk.
Dubud dubun. Shaking the head, as
an old man through weakn'ess;
Pubuh ^ubuiie oalaKkana. His head shakes
as he walks.
f» 'J ' I- Small, dwarfish.
IJucduc. J '
Puo mara gidra. A little imp.
Pao hoi do 9<liko bhathaea. Little folks speak
much.
Dud (Jade deloKkana. He looks small.
Duci. Tuft of feathers on head of bird,
topping:
Due kikir. The common king-fisher,
Alcedo ispidoi.
P uda. To publish slanderous reports,
to spread from one to another.
Pu<Jaena ona katha do. That story is now
public property.
Duda. Short.
Sate 4ud9.kedape. You ha-re out the eaves too
short.
Dudhia ayan. A species of snake
thought by the Santals to be a
variety of the cobra. Cf ayan.
Dudhia boda. A species of snake.
This snake ia said to attsujk cows by coiling
itself round their legs, and then sucking
their milk. It is believed that cows thus
treated by iihis snake give large quantities
of milk, and the snake for that reason la
never killed.
Dudhi lota. A common jungle clim-
bing plant, Ichnocarpus frntes-
cens, R. Br.
Dudhma."! p^^. rolling in fat and lazy.
Dhuma. J
Daira khub dhumg. motaakanae. The bullook
is as fat as a butter ball.
Dudhwa. Cf dhudhwa.
bud katua. Not reared on its mother's
milk, and as a consequence weak
and puny.
Dud katu?.enae nui gidra do. This child has
lost its mother's milk.
Dudrau-I To deny, to prevaricate, to lay
Dudri., I the blame on another, to
Dodao. J shield oneselfat the expense
of another.
Adfreye b?.ricakata ar acgeye dudnkana He
committed the f a.ult himself and he blames
another.
Dudrum. Drowsy, sleepy.
44i dudrumedilikana. I am very drowsy.
Duduhup. Still, motionless. _
Hanihan^e baaa do duduhupe durupakana.
Look over there the bear is sitting stiU.
Dudumdhukak. ") An earthenware ves-
Dumdhukak. J sel which before
the introduction of the glass bottle
was employed to hold or carry
liquor ; round, globular. .
Dudurgud. To draw oneself together
through being cold.
DaK (Judurgudkefkoa. The rain (being cold)
made them, draw themselvestogether.
Dugi. The young shoots of the to-
bacco plant.
Pugi tuhgg-u. To prune the tobacco plant.
Pugi tuhgg.akedae. He nipped off the young
shoots of the tobaeoo.
Dugur dugur. Tripping, taking short
stepsj as a child, or a dwarf
Gidr?! do dugur Qlugurko liirbaraea. Children
run tripping about.
Dugur dugur. Brightly, flaring.
Dugur dhgur ioloJfkana. It blazes brightly.
Hani han^e bohgae jolokkana dugur dugur.
Dubau. To milk.
Gg^iko duhaukoa. They milk cows.
Jalua. The milking pot.
Khubko duh?.a l$bi£kedea. They milked him
flaccid, (they cozened him out of all he
possessed, and left him like an emptjr;
udder.)
Duhli. Liquor made from matkom,
the flower of Basia latifolia,
without distillation.
Duhmot. To accuse falsely. Cf doh-
mot.
Duhri. ■)
Duhuri. } '
Duhri. Double, two plies.
Duhupduhup. Cry of a common forest
bird called Mahkal, the Indian
crow pheasant, Centropus rufi-
pennis.
Duhup duhup. Heavy thumping soundi
Duhuri. A kind of basket.
D^kh 1 'I'^o"^^^' sorrow.
Dukan. Togo. Is only found in Santali
in the past tenses.
Oral? sediii dukana. I went home.
Ontefi dnb^inte noKSe noaii liamkeda. By going
there I receivd this.
Hatiateil duk3.n tahekana. I had gone to
the market.
Melatele duk^nlena. We went to the fair.
Duk duk. ■) To go pit-a-pat, to throb.
Dukdukau. J Cf. dhuk dhuk.
■ A kind of basket.
Duke
[ 156 ]
Dundali
Duku. Hip.
Dukh. Trouble, sorrow.
Dukliali. Suffering.
Dukhi. Suffering people.
K^n^i dukhi. Wido-ws and poor people.
Dukhri. A small bag, a beggar's
wallet, a pocket.
Duki. Wooden oil measures of one
quarter seer and less.
Dukniic. A pinch, a very small piece
or quantity.
Mi£ dukniice emadilia. He gave me just a
pinoh.
Mit' duknud dakale emama, bam kamikana.
We will only give you a very small quatity
of boiled rice, you are not working.
Dul. To pour, to cast metal in a mould.
Bui rnerhefi. Cast iron.
Noa gada jalapurire dul midoKa. This river
flows into the sea.
Dular. To caress, to fondle, to love.
Dupularpe. Love one another.
A^iye dularoKkana nui seta do. The dog
fawns upon one.
Dular
M.
TV 1 I'x. {• Beloved, dear.
Dularo. J '
TV /'■•' • ' ^Beloved, dear.
Uularini. J
Dularia. Loved, beloved.
Dularo. C£ dular.
Dulau. To lop, to prune, to squander.
Hana dare dulElukam. Lop the top off that
tree.
Duldul. Globular, in form like an air
bubble, globular and hollow ; swim
of fish.
Duldule ojoakana. He is suffering from large
round boils.
Hako reaK duldul. The swim of a fish.
Duldul. \ Sound of far off thunder,
Duldulau. J or the roar of a tiger ;
to reverberate, to rumble.
Bimil duldulauKkana. Thunder is rumbling-.
■ Dulduletkanae. The thunder rumbles.
Adi knle duldulaukedae. The tiger roared like
thunder.
Dull. A primitive kind of palki.
Duluc dupuc. Stunted, small, short,
uneven.
Duluj dupuJ geleakantiila. My crop is short in
the oars.
Diilu! dulu3le liamkeda. What we got was of
interior quality.
Duludan. ") . ■ p i
i)uluduh.j^^P^°^'^'^°f ^^'^^^^
Duluh dulun. To toddle, walk as a
little child.
Puluu dulun palija barakedeae. She toddled af-
ter him here and there.
Dulup dulup. To flash, flicker, rise
and fall, to flap.
Dulup dulupe bijlielJkana. The lightening is
Dulup dulup argo rakapa bati do. The lamp
flickers.
Hoe ghuri noa oraR dulup duluboBa. When it
blows (the thatch on) this house flaps up
and down.
Dum.
Dum dum
. Pumakanae. She is enceinte.
Dumcak. ") A clump, in clumps,
mounds, or tufts.
Backom
I To be with child.
She:
Dumcak dumcak. J
Stout.
Backom dumcaK dumcak tahena.
(q. V.) grows in tufts.
Dumchi. A crupper.
Dumdum. Cf dum.
Dumerae.
Dumke.
Dumerae motaakanae. He is as fat as he can be.
Dumhe. To heap, to collect together,
to assemble.
Adi horko dumheakana. Many people are
assembled.
Baburae do nondepe dumheakana, sanarn
khondpe jom ocoeda. You young chiefs are
assembled here and the crops are being
eaten all round, (to cow herds found neglect-
ing their duty.)
Dumil. The black patch of feathers
on the throat of the female quail,
(gundri q. v.)
Dumka. Round, globular.
Adom do clumkage joKa. Some have round
fruits.
Dumka. Small, stunted.
Dumkuc dumkuc. Small.
Dumkud dumkucge joakana. The fruit is small.
Dumur. A species of wild honey bee.
Duna. Two fold.
Dinkalom khon nes do duna hoeakana. This
year's crop is double that of last year,
Dunda. To cut the hair as short as
possible.
Puuda got'kedeae. He cropped his hair.
Dundak. The length of a furrow.
Dundc
[ 157 1
Diqiai
punde. The pieces of flesh of an
animal killed in the chase given
to the Mafijhi (q. v.) and Paranik
(q. v.)
M^Ajhi <JuniJe. The M9.i1ilii's piece.
Paranik (Juncje. The Paranik' s piece.
Dundga. Cropped bare, short haired.
Mak 5nniJgakedako dare do. They haye lopped
all the branches off the tree.
i)imd|i. F. } ^^^^' °^' ^^^^^"^ '^^^'^•
Pundgut. To shave the head.
Hoyo glun^gu£kedeae. He shaved his head.
Dundha. A bell attached to a cow's neck
to denote her whereabouts.
Dundha. M. ") i^, i- u ■ <-
Dundhi". F. j Foolish, Ignorant.
Dundha. ")
Ghor dundha J-To search a house under
Ghor dundhi. J a search warrant.
Pundhau. To seek, to search for.
Pundi. 1
Dundla. VBald, or shaven head.
Dundli. J
Dundlau. To tease, to spread, to shake
out.
Noa katha alope dundlau ocoaka. Do not allow
this story to spread.
iSele alope dundlaukoa totorako. Do not tease
the bees they will sting.
Ma tulam dundlaume. Tease out the cotton.
Buaup dundlaukakpe rohoroKa. Shake out the
straw it will dry.
Dundrau. To speak back, to scold, to
threaten.
Dundrau daram gofikediiiae. He began to scold
me as I arrived, (he met me with scolding.)
Diindu. An owl.
Pundu. To shave the head.
Punduk. "1 To wave a fire brand to
Dundul^. j give light.
Seiigel thuthkntteko dun(Juka arsala mente.
They take a fire brand from the Are and
wave it to give a temporary light.
Pundukil A small tree common in
the jungles, Gardenia turgida,
Roxb.
Pundun baha. A favourite flower
with Santal girls, Gomphrena
globosa, Linn.
Dundun. With bristles or hair on end,
as wild boar or bear ; puffed out,
as a peacock with tail expanded
and feathers on end ; large, loom-
ing large in the distance or dark-
ness.
H9.thiko tehgokoKa dundun.
Maralf do ile dundunakaiia. The peacock has
spread out his tail feathers.
Dundun. To rise and fall, like waves ;
to be piled up.
Dundun baa argonkana. The flood sweeps on
like a wall.
Dundur. Unsubmissive, recusant,
obstinate, strong-headed, self-
willed.
Dundurcul To sit on the haunches.
Dundurout'e durupakana.
Dundur muha. Given to denying,
never admitting having been in
fault.
Dundur musak. Quiet, reserved, sel-
dom speaking, even when spoken
to.
Dundur musak hor bae ror hoda. He is a very
quiet man, he seldom speaks.
Pun dun. Hollow sounding, as a drum.
Pun dun sadekana. It sounds hollow.
Phuii dhuh.
i>huh 4huh sadekana.
Dungel. ") In vast numbers, in crowds;
Dunger. J a party, a group.
A(Ji dunger hor. A vast crowd of people.
Dunger. A dance danced at the place
where the night is spent when
out at one of the annual hunts.
Duugi. A small boat.
Dungi dhiri. A stone trough.
Dungut dungut. In crowds, in swarms.
Mudko, miiiiko mako duiiguf duhgudoB,
Kayo, Capakia bare latar (Jarreko duiigul;
duhgudoK.
Punri. A knoll, a small hill.
Duni. A trough lever for lifting water
for irrigation.
Dunia. Coimtry, the world.
Dunia reaK nokoe iii bicareda, apeaK cak bah-
iA bioar dareatapea ? I judge for the whole
country, and wherefore can I not judge
for you ?
Dunul. The junction of two rivers or
streams. Cf dul.
Dupai. "( To tremble, to shake,
Dupai dupai. j to be in a tremor.
Dup^i dup^iti botoroKkana. I am trembling
with fear.
Dupka
[ 158 ]
Dtarya aralt
pupka. A small, isolated patch of
jungle.
pupkare kulai boloakabae. The hare has gone
into that little patch of jungle.
Dupul. The Reciprocal form of " dul"
(q. V.)
Dupular. The Eeciprocal form of
" dular " (q. v.)
Dupurup. The Reciprocal form of
" durup " (q. v.)
Dur. ") Avaunt ! Be gone ! Get you
Durdur. J gone !
Dur. "> To put from one, to reject,
Dur dur. J drive off, to warn off, to
put to a distance.
Eatha doe durkeda. He rejected the proposal.
Setaii durdurkedea. I drove off the dog.
Duraha. Tell-tale, fomenting quarrels,
causing dissention.
Duran. \ To sing, to praise in
Seren dur an. J song.
Duranta. Distant, far off.
4di duranta atotepe senena. You hare gone
to a very distant Tillage.
Dura san. A wild edible root.
Durathan. To destroy, to spoil,
Lebe^ durathankedako. They tramped over it
and spoiled it.
Durbin. Any optical instrument.
Durdosa. Adversity, misfortune, evil
state.
Durdur. A call to pigs.
Durdurau. To blaze brightly.
Dure. The scrotum of a boar.
Dure. ") An exclamation of surprise,
Durre. J grief &c.
Durre ? ohoii senlena. Alas ! I cannot go.
Durre ! ased marait kule parom oalaoena.
Halloo ! an immense tiger has passed this
way.
Durre ! aiji bipot hoeakantina. Woe is me !
I have fallen on evil days.
Durhak. An exclamation of grief or
annoyance.
DurhaK ! Am do ce£lekan hor kan bam:
DurhaK ! Alom onka barael^a.
Durhelj durhet'. A cry to sheep.
Durl. A species of fish resembling
an eel, and very slippery.
Dtiri hako leka lelijera. As slippery as an eel.
Duria. A tassel, a fringe, a bunch of
silk or cotton worn like a chignon
by young women.
Duriau. To take along with.
Gidar pida,re ^uriau idikef koa. He took the
whole family along with him.
Durib. Property, agricultural produce..
Bese dnribakaia. He is very well off.
Dhon durib.. Wealth, in money and property.
Dur karahak. How foolish 1 dear me I
DurkarahaK ! rearaK calcpe jomeda? How fool-
ish of you, Why do you eat it cold ?
Durmar. Quickly, violently, to drive
away, to keep at a distance ; to
put or set down.
Dnrmarkediiiako, bako roy ocoadiiia. They
put me down and did not allow me to
Durmarko lagakedea. They drove him away
witii feelings of aversion.
Dursut. "j To finish, to complete, to
Durusut. J put in order.
Sanamalf dursutena, ma hijuKpe. All is ready,
now come.
Durubus. C£ dorobos.
Duruc. To be upset and contents to
spill, to die.
Duriioenae, a(Ji bhage hore tahekana. He
is dead, he was a very good man.
Nukinem, asul duriiclekin khan noa cij baantem
liama. If you take care of these two till
they die all this property will become
yours.
DaK hiric cabaena, okoe noa doe duruc keda?
The water is all spilled, who upset it?
(the water pot.)
Durukia. Frightened, suspicious, ti-
mid.
AiJi ^nrukia hor kanae. He is a very timid
man.
Durum durum. In crowds, in large
numbers.
Hor durum durumko jaoraakana. The people
acre assembled in large numbers.
Durup. To sit down, to be idle.
DurupaK. A seat.
Kulhi durup. A council.
Durup samtaoUpe. Sit close together.
Bam kamilekhan okoe durnpkate jomaliko em-
ama ?^ If you do not work who wiU feed
you sitting idle ?
OnijeA dukana, durup tengonhobako metadiiSa.
I went there bnt was not welcomed.
Durup din tioKentaea. The time of her
confinement has arrived.
Tin marah gidra kanae ? neKe durupa.
Durusuru. C£ dorosoro.
Durust. Cf. dursut.
Durya. An interjection of annoyance ;
Get out !
Durya arak. A plant the fresh leaves
of which are used as a pot herb,
Veryionia cinerea, Less.
Dusad
[ 359 ]
Edebedfe
Dusad. A semi-Hinduised caste of
aborigines, the Dosads.
Dusau. "J To blame, to find fault with,
Dhusau. J depreciate, to belittle.
Onkako dusaukoa. Tliey thua find fault with
them.
Dusi. Blameworthy, guilty; applied
to a bulloclj with a white spot on
its forehead.
Cei bam kiri^kedea, dusigeae. Why did you
buy her, she has a white spot on her fore-
head (and therefore unlucky)
Dusko. Distress, trouble, affliction.
OroKko gooentilite a^ifi dus toena. I am in
great distress owing to the death of my
plough cattle.
A^i duskore menaea. He is sorely afflicted.
Dusman. A enemy, an ill wisher.
Dustama. Hatred, wickedness, evil.
Dustur. Cf. dastur,
Dut dut. "J An exlamation of annoy-
Dhu1; dhui. ) ance or vexation.
Duf duf, bail kana.
Du^ukul 1^°*'^ si*^®^' ^°*^ parties.
Duyukul reaK kathako aTijoma. They hear
what both parties have to say.
Duyud duyun. To follow, to go after,
one to follow the other.
Duyuh 4uyuhe asen baraeedekana. She takes
it about with her following at her heela.
E
E. A vocative particle.
Ebaba. Oh! father.
Ego. Oh! mother.
E. The abbreviated form of the 3rd
Personal pronoun, he, she, him,
her.
Ea. Used in addressing inferiors, or
when rebuking.
Eae. Seven.
Eae gel. Seventy.
Gel eae. Seventeen.
Eae khon gel. Seventeen.
Eae dobor. Seven fold.
Eae dhao. Seven times.
Eae dhao eae gel. Seventy times seven.
Ead. To remember, to commit to
memory ; to punish.
' Bad eadakat'a. I have not Qommitted it to
memory. .
Hape, eadmealaii nahaK. Hold, I shall punish
you presently.
Ebe tebe. 1 More than sufficient, used
Ebe tube. J always with ' jom ' to eat.
Ebe tebeye lojomkana. He is eating more than
he requires.
Ebhen. To awake from sleep.
Gitio ebhenenae. He slept, but is now awake.
4uriye ebhenoUa. He is not awake yet.
Ebhen ocokedeaii. I awoke him.
E6. To take glowing embers from
the fire and put them in a vessel,
to carry away glowing embers in
a vessel, or to place them under-
neath the bed on which some one
is lying, to bring or cause trouble
or misfortune.
Parkom latarreko ed joha. They are in the
habit of putting pots filled with glowing
«mbers underneath their beds.
Dukbon ecakawana. We have brought this
distress upon ourselves.
Okoe bail noa duk doe edwadifi ? Who can have
sent this distress on me ?
E6 6c". } ^'^^ °^ * ^°^^^ buffalo.
EcepSce. To twist and turn, as one
trying to get out of a difficulty
or an uncomfortable position ;
to put on the screw, to put one
in a strait or difficulty ; obstreper-
ous. Cf Ecpgce.
E6k66. Beyond one's means.
EckSdko Mukedea. They fined him heavily
(beyond his power to pay conveniently.)
EokOde aikaukeda. It was beyond his means.
Ed66. Indistinctly, inarticulately, as
a child learning to speak.
Edooe roreda, oka ho bah bujhauKkantaea.
He speaks iadistinotly, nothing (that he
says) can be understood.
filcpgc. To twist and turn as one trying
to get out of a difficult or an
uncomfortable position, to put on
the screw, to put one in a strait
or difficulty ; obstreperous.
^diko eopeokedilia. They put me in a great
strait, (or applied the screw on me.)
Nui sadom do a4i ecpeo baraekanae. This
horse is very obstreperous, (keeps twisting
and turning hiinpelf about.)
Nui 4aiira do a(jii ecpeo baraekanae, aray bae
goga. This bullock keeps twisting his
head about, he will not allow the yoke to
be on his neck.
Edebede. Intricate, involved, com-
plicated, thick, indistinctly.
Bdebedeye royeda. He speaks indistinctly.
Noa katha do ^i edebede bujh^uUkana. This
case seems very intricate.
Edede
[ 160 ]
Ehem
Edede. To watch, applied oftenest
to children who hang about where
cooking, &c„ is going on, (used by
women.)
Eijede baraelsanam, gupi tanaK ho bam calaKa.
You are watcliing about here, you won't
even go to herd.
Edel. The cotton tree, Bombax inala-
haricuin, D. C.
Ede thompe. Clump, cluster, bunch ;
applied to fruits that grow im-
mediately on the trunk, thicker
branches, or aerial roots of trees,
as the jack fruit, papaya or papita
and certain figs.
E^e thompe joakan. The fruit is in clusters.
Edhe. To sit on the ground with the
knees drawn up to the the cheso.
Enan khonili llelekana, ondege eijheakanae.
I have seen him for sometime, he is sitting
there still.
Edhe. bedhe. | Intricate, comjolicated,
Ede bede. ) involved.
Noa katha edhebedheena, bail chindaulena.
This matter has become complicated, it is
not settled.
Edhebedheye tolaka£a, bah rara hodoKkana,
He has tied- it intricately, it will not
readily loose.
Edliebedhe tolkate ado kamitey-e calaoena. She
tied (the door) intricately, and then went
to her work.
Edhe janum. The small bush form of
Zizyphus Jujubci, Lam.
The fruit of this although much inferior to that
of the other form (Dedhaori janum, q. v.)
is also eaten. The bush is used largely for
fencing growing crops, &c.
Edhe rangaini. A common thorny
plant, Solanum xanthocarpum,
Schrad et Wendl.
Edhor bedhor. Cross grained, as wood
or a man. C£ bedhor.
Edre. To be angry ; anger, spite.
Alom edre .gahgilialia. Do no t put me away
from you in anger.
Nui edrete setae dal goekedetaea. He killed
his dog because he was angry with him (the
dog's master.)
Edre ocokediriae. He made me angry.
Bdren ia sometimes used for edreK in the future
and the special incomplete present tenses.
Tis ho bae edrena. He never gets angry.
Ikakaepe edrenkanae. Leave it alone it is
getting angry (as a wounded tiger.)
E S. To groan ; the sound emitted by
one when groaning ; a groan.
Eken e e edae, ror ge bae rora. He only groans
he won't apeak.
Egar. To begin, to put one's hand to
a thing, to undertake.
EgarkateiS tegarakata. I put my hand to it
but brought loss upon myself (trying to
make it better I made it worse.)
Egarakawanali. I have put my hand to it.
Eger. To scold, to abuse ; used by
women always, and by men only
when referring to women.
EKger aim^i. A scold.
Epeger. To recriminate (women.)
Acjiye egerkedilia. He (or she) scolded me
severely, (the speaker a woman.)
Eh. An interjection of surprise, Oj
what ; indeed ! really !
Eh ! ao eskargeye jomkeda ? What ! ate it all
himseK ?
Ehe. Such as this, like this ; the ideai^
is conveyed by signs.
Ehe mutak. A club as thick as this (the speaker
here conveys an idea of the thickness of the
club by pretending not to be able to
encircle it with both hands.)
Ehe mutakanteye lagakefilea. He chased us
with a club as thick as this (the thickness
is shewn by signs.)
Ehe marah. So big.
Ehe. Hist ! Hey ! look here ! halloo ;
used to call attention.
Ehe! lielet'mead. Halloo! I see you.
Ehe ! alom dalea. Hey you ! don't hit him.
Ehe ! onte do okatem calaKkana ? Look here !
where are you going to in that direction ?
Eheya ! cetem cekaeda? Hey you ! what are
you up to P
Ehe ehe. So much, so large a quanti-
ty ; the idea being completed by
signs.
Ehe eheko emailea. They gave us ao large a
quantity of food (shews by signs how large
the quantity was.)
Ehe ge. Used in calling attention
to girls.
Ehe ge ! oet'em cekaeda P Ho! my girl, what
are you doing ?
Ehek. Whine of a peevish child.
Get bam ehelf ehekkanp hapekme.
Ehel betkei. An infant three or four
months old, before it is able to
turn itself.
Ehel ehel. Fat, plump, in prime con-
dition.
Ehel ehel hormo lieloKkantaea. He looks in
prime condition.
Ehem. To cough, to ahem.
Ehefide guhend
[ 161 ]
Ekat
Ehend guhend. To dirty, to disarrange,
to spoil.
EheiKj gulienijlko gaAjaobeda. They have tram-
pled on and spoiled (the growing grain.)
Ehen<J guhen(Jko eneolsana. They are dancing
and ooTering themaelTes with dust.
Alo beta, kioridem ehen<jl guhenijtilia. Don't
my son, you will dirty my cloth.
Eher. To sit on the ground with the
knees up to the breast.
Cefem eherakana ? kgimite oalaKme. Why are
you sitting? go to your work.
Dal eher gofkedeako. They struck him and
made him plump down on the ground in a
sitting posture.
Eher jiki. So move while in a sitting posture
without raising the person from the ground.
Eher jiki durup baraekanae. He moves about
while sitting by dragging himself along the
ground.
Ehe re. Used when calling attention
to boys ; Hey ! hey you !
Ehe re ! cetkom halbalkana P Hey ! what mis-
chief are you up to ?
Ehe talan. So much, so large, so thick.
The full idea is conveyed by signs.
Ehe talati bulu mo^ataea. His thigh ia ao thick
(the speaker completes the description by
signs.)
Ehe talau dakako emadiiia. They gave me so
much boiled rice (the quantity is shewn by
signs.)
Ehe to. So, thus.
Ehe tom lielelikangea, oeftii emamaP Tou see
me thus (how I am), what will I give you p
Ehop. To begin.
Etohop. The beginning.
Ru?. ehopkedea, hola. He had an attack of
fever yesterday, (or the fever began yester-
day.)
Etohopre kathatef e tahekana. In the beginning
was the word.
Ei. Employed to call attention.
Ei, ei, nonde hijuKme.
Ejahar. A statement made before a
magistrate, police officer, or a
panchayat ; evidence, deposition
of a witness.
Noa mamblare amaK ejaharko hataoa. They
will take your evidence in this case.
^J/^^-Ia court of justice.
J.J las. J
Ejlaare tehgon hoyoKtama. Tou must appear
before the court.
Ejlasro teugokateye rorkeda. He stood up m
the court and spoke.
Okaejlasre 4igrim AamakataP In what court
did you get a decree ?
Ejmali. Conjointly, belonging to two
or more shareholders.
Noa do ejmali ato kana. This village is owned
conjointly (by two or more perSDna.)
Eka. One, alone.
Eka gh^riai. One household.
Eka ghg.rig.geali oholi sonlena. I have no neigh-
bour.s, I will not be able to go, i. e. there
is no one in whose charge 1 could leave my
family.
Eka jiwi. 1 ,,
Ekaj'ib5i. 1A1°'1«-
Eka jiwiA paromena, noa bir. I crossed this
jungle alone.
Eka china. One, alone, single, singly.
Nui do eka ohin?ire oraKakatae. Thia person
has built his house by itself (has no neigh-
bours.)
Eka china, got'enae.
Eka ohinaenteko gockedea. They killed him
through his being alone.
Eka chinateye bandeakana. She is wearing her
cloth single.
Eka duka. One or two ; a few.
Eka duka noa horte alope calalfa, bagahigea.
Do not go that way as there are only a few
of you, it is dangerous.
Eka eki. One by one.
Eka e Uiko calaoena. They left one by one.
Eka guria. A one-legged demon who
is said to devour human beings.
Ekaha. Alone, odd, without a mate.
Ekahageae. He is alone.
Eka haria. 1 r\ i r
Fk h '•■ ' i"'^^ yoke ot oxen, once.
Eka hg,ria argom. A clod crusher drawn by
one yoke of oxen.
Eka harig-e tolkeda. He put it once round.
(a rope) and then tied it.
Eka jiba. Having no relatives, no
one to care for but oneself, alone.
Am do cefiem dandoKa eka jib?b hor.
Ekalte. At once, instantly, completely.
Ekalteye ror gotkeda. He spoke outinstantly.
Ekalteye jobabadea. He instantly dismissed
him.
Ekalteye jom oabakeda. He ate it up com-
pletely.
Ekam dukam. One, two ; one or two.
Ekam duk^m hoy onte alope calaKa, bagahigea.
One or two people do not go that way, it is
infested with wild beasts.
Ekamoe. United, of one mind.
Ekamoeenato. They are all united.
Ekaput. Only child.
Ekarha. Alone, odd, mateless.
Ekarhage jolena. It bore only one fruit.
Ekarhage merome buB^Kkedea. The goat had
only one kid.
Ekasira. Hydrocele ; having only one
testicle.
Ekat.
Ek6t.,
Ekatreli laiama, hor aamahre do bah. I shall
tel 1 you when we are alone, not before others .
,' [Privately, alone.
21
Ekliaenar
[ 162 ]
Ek taria
Ekbaenar. Cf. eknar.
Ekbar. \ All at once, completely, en-
Ekbargi. J tirely.
Ekbhakia. Only one word, no parley.
Ek bli?tki?.geae, argo rakap do bae badaea.
He has only one price, he never raises or
redRoea his prices.
Ek bhakiae calaoena. He did not parley but
went right away.
Bali aiijomlettaea, ek bhakia heo idienalS.
I did not listen to him, I came straight
away.
EkedSQ.}^*°°°^'i'^^*^*ly-
Ekdame calaoena. He left instantly.
Ekdhar. One side, aside ; edge.
Ekdhare ealao paromena. He passed by on
one side.
Ekdhara. An adverb possessing inten-
sifying force ; unusual, peculiar.
Ekdharae motaakana. He is immensely fat.
Ekdharae Jielolrkana. He looks peculiar.
Ekdharae sereiiefkana. He sings with great
vigour.
Ekdharae calaKkana. He walks rapidly.
Ekdharae ruhetkeda. He scolded fiercely.
Ekdharae darkeda. He fled swiftly.
Ekdhara joakana. Laden with fruit.
Eke. Ho ! used in calling attention
to girls.
Eke, hape thiroKpo. Ho, be quiet.
Eke eke. One by one, singly.
Eke ekeko calao idiena. They left one by one,
(or they went singly.)
Eke ekebo heoena, ekeekebo calaKa. We came
singly and we will go singly.
Eke eketebo joma. We will eat one after the
other.
Ekel sekel. Getting into mischief.
Ekel sekel baraekanae, nui gidra do. This
child is up to mischief.
Eken. Empty, only.
Eken hormo. Naked.
Eken oraKiii sen Jiamkeda. I found an empty
house when I went.
BkenaK geii heoena. I have come empty handed.
Eken tiye heolena, eken tiye calaoena. He
came but got nothing.
Eken dakako emadiiia. They only gavo me
boiled rice.
Eken Diku ona atore menaKkoa. There are
only Hindus in that village.
Ekep sekep. Enthusiastically ; eagerly,
quickly, without delay.
Ekep sekepko eneokana, setoii ho bako bataoeda.
They are dancing enthusiastically, they do
not mind even the heat.
Okate ekep sekepem hedakana? Where have
yon come so quickly ?
Ek ghatia. One swing round the head,
as one about to strike with a stick.
Ekghatig. doe dalkedilia. He gave his stick
one swing and then struck me, i. e. he
struck without warning.
Ekhan. Liquor as it comes from thfe
still, overproof Cf phuli.
Ekhan gai. A cow that gives a small quantity
of mUk.
Ek jiba. Fearless.
Baric ek jiba hor kanae. He does not know
what fear is.
Ek jiba. Having no relatives, only
oneself to care for ; unsympathetic.
Ekjontor. Of a like disposition, or
nature, alike, astonishing, wonder-
ful.
Ek jontor oraRko benaoakata. They have built
a i wonderful house.
Eklaic f-^loQ^j to become alone.
Alope cala8a, bankhanifl eklalfa. Do not go,
if you do I shall be alone.
Eklageye tahekana. He was alone.
Eklaeek. Equal, even, on a par, neck
and neck.
Eklaeekko liiraEkana. They are running neck
and neck.
Eklaeekko kisara. They are equally wealthy.
Eknar. \To yoke cattle with unequal
Ekbaenar. /length of yoke; alone.
Eknarkedeako. They all went against him.
Nui daiira do ekbaenarte siaeme bae darealf
kana. Plough with this bullock so that the
greater part of the weight may be on the
other, he is weak.
Sanam horteko eknarkedea. They all avoided
him, or all sided against him.
Ek5t. Privately, alone, solitary.
Uni hor do ekotre raenaea. That man is in
solitude.
Ekrar. To promise, to agree to, to
confess.
Ekrar nama. A written agreement or promise.
Efcrarenae. He has promised.
Ekrar ocokediriae. He caused me to come to
the agreement.
Eksatha.}u°i*'^'i'°f onemind.
Ek sathaenako gota atoren hor. All the people
of _ the village are of one mind (or, are
united on some point.)
Ek sirri. Self-willed, obstinate.
Adi ek sirri hor kanae. He is a very obstinate
man.
Ek sirtal. At the edge or side, out of
the way ; to out-caste.
Ek airtalre dohokam. Put it down at one side.
Am ek sirtalre tahenme. Stay you to one side"
Ek sirtalkedeako. They out-casted him.
Ek taria.. Quickly, hastily,
Ektariae jomkeda, onate ruagotenae. He ate
hie food hastily, and ao took ill.
Ektiar
[ 163 1
En
Ektiar. \ Authority, choice ; obstinate,
Ektiari. J self-willed, determined,
Ek torphi. Ex-parte.
Ek torphiko ^igrialikoa. They got an ex -parte
decree.
Ek turia. Of equal age.
Nukin do ek turi?. kanakin. These two are of
equal age.
Elaka. Province.
Elak chada.\ Free, free from responsi-
Elek chada.j bility.
Elak chadaenail etali her tireli jimakeda. I am
free from reaponsibility I gave it into the
chajTge of another man.
Elan. Heat, flame.
Seiigel elahiiikana. I feel the heat of the fire.
Elao. To give in, be beaten, to have
enough, to be wearied or tired.
Eleka. Cf elaka.
Elek chada. Cf. elak chada.
Elelgok. Cf. englngul
Elglgon. Cf enSlngul
Elem celem. Watching for an oppor-
tunity, waiting till the coast is
clear ; used generally of children
watching for an opportunity to
take something, and at times of
wild amimals, such as jackals,
waiting for a favourable oppor-
tunity to seize something.
TaraKkanae elem celem. He is lying in wait
' watching for a favourable opportunity.
Elen bekec. l An infant about 3 or 4
Eted bekec. J months old.
Elbe celhe. To watch for an oppor-
tunity to surreptitiously possess
oneself of anything, to cast longing
eyes on, to covet.
Elhe celhe baraekanae. He is on the look out
for an opportunity (to seize the fowl, as a
jackal.)
Em. Weak form of ' am thou.
Am-em calaKkana. Tou are going.
Em. To give.
Em sohofi. To help by giting.
Em hala. To repay.
Em chadao. To redeem.
Em labnK. To give to secure the affections, or
to appease, or win favour.
Emlega. To offer. ... ,, .„, +„
Em agu. To continue giving from the past to
the present.
Emdoho. To lend. .
Em hatar. To lend, to give for the present
Em oapai. To borrow and lend (reciprocal.)
Em calao. To assist by giving or lending.
Em idi. To continue giving, to go on giving.
Epem. The reciprocal form of em .
Eman. Sundry, such like.
UniaK edre eman do b9.nuKtaea.
Ale then Diku eman do hecge baiiko hijuEa.
Bu9i emanol^khan muskilgea.
Joton emauem. Take every care of him.
Sen emanlenam ?
Cithi eman do bako emadilia.
Emanteali. Various, all manner or
sorts of, many kinds of, et ccetera ;
applied to inanimate objects only.
Behgec hor do emanteaK araK sakamko joma.
Poor people eat many kinds of pot herbs.
Birre emanteaK hungirko calaKa maejiukq do.
Women go to the jungle to collect various
kinds of things.
Pirthimire emanteaK jinis menaKa. All manner
of things are in the world,
Uni do emanteaKe egerkedilia.
Uni do emanteaK serelie ba^laea. He knows
many kinds of songs.
Emanten. Various, diverse, all manner
or sorts of, many kinds of, et ccetera;
applied to animate objects only.
DaKre hako emantenkoko tahena. Fishes and
various other kinds of living creatures live
in water.
Dhairtire do emanten jst menaKkoa. There are
many various castes of people in the world.
Birre kul emanten janwarko tahena. Tigers
and all sorts of animals live in the jungle._
A^li okodle sendra gooketkoa, sgil saram, kul3i-
ko, torko, cereko, emantenko. We killed
much game in the chase, deer, hares,
squirrels, birds, &c. &o.
Emnesemne. 1 cf emon semon.
Emne temne. J
Emon. So, such, like, such as, such like.
Eaj garre emon hor do ohom cahtaolena. A
person like you could not enter a king's
palace.
Emon ruhefiili ruhefledea thir utarenae. I gave
him such a scolding that he utterly col-
lapsed.
Emonlah dalmea se nahaK atkar ut?ram. I
shall give you such a beating presently as
to make you feel it.
Emon hor do ohoe behgeilema. He would not
look at a person such as you.
Emon daUli dalkedea jaiiga r9.put gotentaea.
I struck such a blow that I broke his leg.
Emon semon. \ Indifferently, so and so,
Emon temon. J such Hke, having any
particular failing or frailty.
Emon temon hor doe bahkana. He is not like
the average run of men. . i.i.- i
Emon temon hor alom ba^laeea. Do not think
him a person who would do that.
En. That, that particular.
En serma. That particular year, used only of
past years.
En sermati dukan tahekana.
En serma khonle ru?.Kkana.
En sermaren maran naekeye tahekana. He
was high priest that year.
En hiloK. That day, that partioular day.
En
[ 164 ]
Enec
En. To transfer dust, &c. from the
person to a cloth, &c., by lying or
treading on it.
Kicrioein en jaukelitiiia. You have dirtied
my cloth.
En. To thresh grain.
paiiratebo en jaha. 7 They thresh out the
Panrateko en lahnda. > grain by means of
buUooka.
Enan. ") A little while ago, a previous
I:}'
Enan. J part of the same day.
Enaareli Jielledea. I saw him a little while
ago.
Enanreye oalaoena. He left some time ago.
Enbend. Intricately, complicated.
Endbende tolkeda. He knotted it intricately.
En betar. Then, at that time.
Encar manclo. Half-threshed, as grain.
Bnoar mandokate bagiaKpe, gapabon en lahut'
utgirkaRa. Half thresh it and leave it, we
will thresh it out tomorrow.
End. The male organ of generation.
Endak. To cross in front of
Eor endaUkediiiae.
Toyoe enfjakket'lea. A jackal crossed in front
of us.
If a jackal crosses in front of a party on their
way to " view a bride" it is considered as
an omen presaging evil. The party immed-
iately returns home and negotiations are at
an end.
Ende. There, in that place.
Ende bare tahe hataroKme. Remain there for
the present.
Henda na, en^e eskargem guri-; barakeda?
Ho my girl, have you only smeared that
place ?
Ende. Then.
IfiiA senoK, ende utare hijuB.
Ende bapo. Then only.
Iiiili nehorente ende bapoe araJfkade. I beseech-
ed, then only did he release him.
Alele rui ende bapoko enec.
BiA reak bohoKko gejerkeftaete, enije bapoe
gujuR. They pounded the head of the
snake, not till then did he die.
Ende enec. Then.
EacakoA jog, endeened daKiii aguia. When I
have swept the courtyard then I will bring
water.
Ende khac. 1 mi
an. 3
Endekhan,
Unim dallekhan endekhauiiii l9.1isaraa. If j^ou
beat him then I shall complain against you.
Endel. Not to give to another who is
present, when eating or drinking,
to pass over.
Jom endelkediiiako. They ate themselves but
did not give me anythirig.
Ende nahl. Then.
DaRleng-hi endenahim arjao joiia. It must
first rain, then you will secure good crops.
Ende nahi to. Then, not till then.
CalaRpe, encle nahi toko emapea. Go, not till
then will they give to you.
Eanaepe, ende nahi toe besoKa. Give him
medicine, not till then will he recover.
Ende pende. | Here and there, unreli-
End pend. ) able, slippery.
Alom ende pende baralea.
Ende pendeye kamikana.
Endpend hor kanae. He is a slippery fellow.
Enderege. It was thought, it was
said, it was understood.
Uni mae laie^ enderege ape sen do bae dakleda.
He says it was thought there was no rain
with ycu.
Bam ma enderegeye goeen. It was thought that
Earn was dead.
Enderema. Then, in that case.
Bape ranaekhan enderemae giijuK. If you do
not give him medicine then he will die,
(or may die.)
Barakar bam parom dareakkhan enderemam
ruarenge. If you cannot cross the Barakar
river, then you will return.
Ende reset. Then.
lA thene oalaka, ende resetili emaea. He will
come to me, then I shall give it to him.
Arjao johme, ende resetem jom suk jona_. Get
good crops then you will live in comfort.
Kurumutute Vamime, ende reset poesako
emama. Work diligently then they will
give you money.
Endete. Then.
Durnplenme, en^etem calaKa. Sit down first
and then you can go.
Nonde Ian jirauange, eudetelah ehoboEa. "We
will rest here a little then we will begin.
Endete enec. Then onls.
Khub leka calaRme, endete enedem tioga. Go
quickly then you will arrive in time.
Eacakoli jog, enijete ened daKiA aguia. "When
I have swept the courtyard then I will
bring water.
Endrae. Three days hence.
Pher endrae. Four days hence.
Endre. To shew the thumb, a scornful
way of saying no.
Endre. To be angry. C£ edre.
Miye endre ocokedilia. He made me very
angry.
Enc. Now.
Enem thireua. Now you are still.
Eneko calaKkana. Now they are going.
Enec. Not until.
Tikin cnede hedena. He did not arrive till noon.
DaR lober enede jomlaRa. He had no food before
4 p. m.
Ene6
[ 165 ]
Eiika
Enec. To dance, to play a game, to
play, to drill, to dandle, to pacify,
to fondle.
Bill eSeneoid. A snake oharmer.
Sir ened. To run about and play.
Enejekanali. I am dandling him.
Paret eneoj Parade, drill.
Lagre eneo. The Lagre danoe, the most com-
mon dance of all.
Doii ened. The Dong danoe, a marriage dance.
Dahar ened. The Dahar danoe, a sequel to the
Lagre dance.
Golwari ened. The Golwari danoe, like the
Dahar dance it follows the Lagre danoe.
Kiuj^ ened. The Einja dance, danced at the
Karam (q. v.) festival.
Sohrae ened. The Sohrae dance, danced at the
Sohiae (q. v.) or Harvest festival.
Baha ened . The Flower dance, danced at the
Baha (q. v.) or Flower festival.
Guiijar ened. The Gunjar dance, danced da-
ring the Sohrae or Harvest festival.
Matwar ened. The Matwar dance, a Harvest
festival dance.
Jhik^ ened. The Jhika dance, danced on all
occasion^.
Bhins9.r ened. The Bhinaar dance, is a Karam
(q. V.) festival dance.
Duiiger ened. The Danger dance, is performed
by men only when passing the night in
camp daring an annual hunt.
Jale ened. The Jale dance, is danced on the
last day of the Sohrae (q. v.) festival.
Loboe ened. The Loboe dance, danced by men
only at the Daeae festival.
Taini ened. The Walking stick dance, all the
performers of which carry a stick. They
form a circle and beat time with their
sticks.
Pom ened. The Dom dance, ia a marriage
dance.
P^k don ened. The Sword and Shield danoe.
The performers used to carry swords and
shields, biit since they have been disarmed
a stout stick has taken thb place of the
sword.
Enelngol. \ To transfer dust, &c. from
EnSlngut./ the person to a cloth, &c.,
by lying or treading on it.
Sanam kicridem enelngufkeda. Tou have made
all the cloth dusty (by lying or treading
on it.)
Enetet'. A partition. Cf etet'.
Tala enetefi. A partition across the centre.
Enga. Female, mother.
Ehga hopon. Mother and child, or children.
Ehgahon. Mother and child.
Ehga hopon. Mother and young (animnls.)
Gidra eugat hor. A mother, (employed usually
to roughly indicate age.)
Ehga katup. The thumb, or big toe.
Ehga katupiii uduKadea. I shewed him my
thumb, i. e. I defied him.
Ehga khet. A productive rice field.
Ehga aadom. l ^ ^^^^_
Sadom enga. )
lufehgaj^^^--
A term of abuse,
expletive.
an
Enga Cross lines running from corner
to corner in the woven mattress of
a parkom, or bed.
Eiigatei; alom phoraoa. Do not separate the
twine of the ehga.
Enga itat. Cloth given to bride's
mother by bridegroom
Enga jopor. Grown to the size of the
mother, applied to animals and
birds.
Ehga joporenakin. They are as big as their
mother.
Edgam. Thy mother.
Engam.
Engam dongam.
Engame.
E agate.
Engafi. My mother.
Engat. His mother.
Edgat'tet'. The mother.
Hopontef ma menaege, ehgaiieie godena. The
child is a live, the mother is dead.
Engel pedgel. Perplexed, confused;
the feeling of one tired with many
things still to do.
K^mi kamiteii ohgel pehgelena. I am tired
and perplexed with continued working.
Engot. To stoop.
Ehgo^kateko poea. They atoop to hoc.
Edgrad. A term of abuse.
Enhiloli. That day, the same day.
Enho. Never-the-less.
Enka. ") Thus, in such a way, like that,
Enkan. J as that.
Enkageye tahekana. He was in the same condi-
tion.
Ale enka hoe daka^lea. It rained like that
with us.
Ape sec ce€leka enkage ale sec ho. It was the
same with us as with yon.
Enka bare tahe ocoam. Let it remain as it is
(Let it remain thus.)
Enka lekaeme. Do like that.
Onko doko enkangea. They are like that.
Enka enka. A little, trifling.
Enka enkae daKa^lea. We had a very little
rain.
Enka enkate. By degrees, .^y that
way, in that direction, in that way,
thus.
Enkaenkateko sardikeda. Little by little they
became furioua.
Enka enkate daK calaoena. The rain passed
in that direction.
Enkathae
[ 166 ]
Ere.
Enkathae. Used to introduce a state-
ment, that is to say, namely, as
they say, that is.
Enkhad. "j
Enkhacte. f-Then.
Enkhan. j
Perako jomlege enlihante am dom joma. let
the strangers first eat, then yon will eat.
TJniye hedlenkhan enkhante am dom calaRa.
When hejcomes then yeu can go.
Enko. These, those.
Enkoge sapkom. Seize hold of these.
Enparom. On the other side, on that
side, on the far side.
Ne parom. On this side,
Enreho. Never-the-less, although, still.
EmadeaA enreho bae biUkana. I gave to him,
still ho is not satisfied.
JahatinaKko metam, enreho alom rebena.
Whatever they may say to you, still don't
you assent.
Ente. For, because.
Ente. In that way, in that direction.
Ente liogoKme. Move a little over that way.
Euteye calaoena. He went in that direction.
Entere. In that place, there, over there.
EntereJl tielledea. I saw him over there.
Entere ho besoKgea.
Eora. The length of thread spun at
one time, as long as the arm can
stretch.
Mit bar eorali takoekeda. I spun two or three
lengths of thread.
Epel. To raise or lift up to strike, as
a stick ; to brandish threateningly.
Thengae epeladilia. He raised a stick to me.
Eper hende. \To be at variance, to
Eper hendec.J habour ill feeling, to
dispute as to who should do a
thing first.
Eperhen(Jekkanakin. They bear ill-feeling
towards each other, or, each urges the
other to do it first.
Epre. Out of line, cross-wise, uneven,
entangled.
Katha do epreentakoa. Their statements do
not agree.
^^' |, I To sow, to scatter ; to be
TI-, ■ ,. I sown or scattered,
iirogok. j
Er horo. Dhan that has not been transplanted.
Horoka. erakoa sim do. They scatter dhan for
the fowls.
Eroliio do eroKe o^oh calaoena. A sower went
forth to sow.
Otre ita erogoKa. Seed is sown in the earth.
IroKtet do jug reaK mucaf , ar iroK ko do serma
ren dutko. The harvest is the end of the
world, and the reapers are the angels.
Era. \Wife; female, applied to women
Erat. J only, and generally as a mark
of respect.
io^o°n:r:t.^^-^^t-.
Bra hopon. A man's family.
Sahebera. The wife of an EngHshman.
Mgilljhi era. The village chief's wife.
Paranik era. ,, ,, Paranik's ,, (q. v.)
Naeke era „ ,, Priest's ,,
Go^e^ era. ,, ,, Messenger's wife,
Jog Mailjhi era. „ Jog Maiiihi's „ (q. v.)
Jaher era. The goddess of the Sal grove.
Grosae era. A female Santal deity.
Kisar era. The master's wife.
Budi ora. An old woman, (respectful.)
Era uru. A wife.
Nabi era. A prophetess.
Diku era. A Hindu woman.
Era iri. To be at enmity with each
other.
Era iriakauakin. They are at enmity with each
other.
iSin erak. }^ ^^"'"^ P^^* mid-day.
Eran. To turn aside, to parry, to avoid,
to dodge, to give the go by to.
Erandom dare. The castor oil tree,
Ricinus communis, Linn.
Eranijom sunum. Castor oil.
Erao. To withhold food for some time
as a punishment, to children.
Hape lah, eraomea. Wait a bit I shall delay
giving you food.
Erba. A cultivated grain, Setaria
Italica, Kunth, used metaphori-
cally for girls.
TinaK iri (q. V.) ar tinaK erbaf How many boys
and how many girls p
Erce perce. To twist and twine, fid-
getty, restive.
Cirifoe menaea ar oncle khon o^okoK lagif adiye
erce perce baraekana. He is in a strait
and to get out of it he is twisting and twin-
ing in aU directions.
Adili erce perce legata, bad dareada, I tried
every way but was not successful.
4di boj menaKte 4ahra do adikin erce perce
baraekana, Owing to the heavy load the
bullocks are twisting about (fidgetting to
rid themselves of the yoke.)
Ere. A species of bird, a wood pecker
Bho(Ja ere. The large Wood pecker, Picus
Mahrattensis.
Kabra ere. The striped Wood pecker, Brachyp-
temus aurantius.
Ere. To deceive, to lie, to pretend.
Ere eye kin k?.phariaulikana. They are chaff-
ing each other.
Ere moiij. \ To deceive, to put off for the present
Ere suk. j with a promise, to pacify.
Ered ere6
[ 167 ]
Eskai-
EKre hoy. A deceiver.
Meromere ej-eko duhauea. They pretend to
milk the goat.
Ered rorlekhan kule jomelima. If I lie may a
tiger eat me.
Ered ere6. ") To smart, to scorch, to
Ered pered. J burn ; smarting or burn-
ing sensation.
Ereo pared hasoedilikana. I feel a smarting
pain.
Setoh paraoakkhan efed erejoSa ghao. If the
sun's rays beat on the sore it -will smart.
Ere erete. Pretendingly, not in ear-
nest.
Ere oreteye dalekana. He is pretending to
steike him.
Ere ereteye ruaKkana. He pretends to be ill.
Ere kisni. The Pied starling, Sturno-
pastor contra.
Ere limiU ' f '^^ deceive, to take one in.
Ere lipul^ke1}meall, I have taken you in.
Ere mo6j. To deceive, to take one in.
Erev. To turn aside, to parry, to avoid,
to dodge, to give the go by to.
Kathae ererkeda, bae liur ocoada. He parried
the statement preventing it having effect.
Erer barakedifiae. He dodged me.
Ere suk. To take one in, to put off with
a promise.
Ere surud. To take one in, to cheat,
as at a game.
Ere suru6ke6meaii. I have taken yon in.
Erga. ") Contrarious, counter, con-
Erga §rga. J trary.
BujhauKkana nni do erga mara hor kanae.
Oka leka erga ergam roreda, oka h5 bah bu-
jhauKkantama.
Erga ergako bicairkeda.
ErgaKtege tahenkanae.
Ergejak. To slight, to trample on, to
put upon, to pass over, to des-
pise.
Sanam hortegeko ergejaKakadea. They have
all slighted him.
Sanamko arjaoana, ill geli ergeia;Kena. They
have all had good crops while I have been
passed over, or slighted.
ErgejaKketoeako. They all left yon severely
alone.
■p" vA species of field rat.
Ergo sesa. The track or road of the Ergo.
Vgoi.
Ergot
5?g°^;}Ear
Erka. To pretend not to know or to
deny having known a person, to
dissemble.
Nel erkaenae.
Erka mara hor kanae.
Bejaeem erkalikan do ho.
Ero. ") To tantalise, as a child holding
Iru. J out a piece of sweetmeat to
another, and when he puts out
his hand to take it, puts it in his
own mouth. Always used with
"jom," to eat.
Jom erokedeae. He held out a (cherry) to him
and when he put out his hand to take it,
instead of giving it to him he pnt it into his
own mouth and laughed at him.
Eron. You yourself, you yourselves,
just so, exactly so, on account of
Am eroiiem agukedilia, ado nitoK dom jobabaii
kana. Tou yourself brought me, and now
you are dismissing me.
Ape eronpe nonkaakat'a. Tou yourselves have
done this,
Ona eroh amem ror ocolckana. On account of
that you are being found fault with.
Erpher. To exchange, to alternate.
Kicridkin erpherkeda. They exchanged cloths.
Erseii torsed. ") To tumble or roll about
Ersed torseii. / when lying down.
Ersefi torgefi baraekanae. He is rolling from
one side to another.
Erwel. In-law, as sister-in-law.
Erwelill kora. My brother-in-law, my wife's
younger brother.
Erweliii kuri. My sister-in-law, my wife's
younger sister.
ErwelmelJora. Thy brother in-law, thy wife's
younger brother.
Erwelrae kuri. Thy sister-in-law, thy wife's
younger sister.
Esel. Fair, light coloured.
Esel kuri. A fair girl.
Eser. To shake, to shake previous to
being possessed, to be possessed
or inspired.
Boiiga esei'akade leka. He shook as if a bonga
(q. v.) had possessed him.
Eu?. eseriiikana. I have an attack of ague.
Eser orali. An abandoned house taken possess-
ion of by another family.
Eset. To block the way, to hinder, to
check.
Ese6 acur. To surround.
Bpeset. To meet each other in argument.
Eskar. Alone, only, except.
Eskarre. Privately.
Eskar janam. Only begotten.
Eskar toskar. Alone, one or two, a few.
Eskar toskar alope dafana; Don't go about in
ones and twos.
Esk5s
[ 168 ]
Eyae
Esk5s. Reluctantly, with aversion,
disinclination, with difficulty,
Eskoshamalalfedipilidieda. He reluctantly car-
ries the heavy "weight.
Jomkate eskosiA aikaueda. Having eaten I am
disinclined to move.
A.di eneo eskose rorkeda. After a long time he
reluctantly spoke.
Esto besto. To be wearied, perplexed,
Durup durupte esto bestoenali. I am wearied
with sitting.
Esto besto a^karedafi. I feel perplexed.
Etalf. Another.
rt^ alf s ■^''°t^®'^> the other (inanimate.)
Etarid i Another one, the other one (animate.)
Etau. Thin, sparse, scarce, slight.
Adi etaiigeaUo. The population is very sparse,
jondra adi etan omonakana. The Indian corn
has germinated very sparsely.
Etbar. Trustworthiness.
AmaK etbar banuKanan. You are not trust-
worthy.
Ete. There, listen,hark.
Ete ! aJijommese. There! listen.
Ete ! cere ralcedae. Hark ! the bird sings,
Ete ! egereCbonae. Hark ! she is scolding ua.
Etec. To begin, to put one's hand to,
make an attempt, to try.
Ahariii etedakawana. I have begun to make
an ahar (q. v.)
Nui hor do bahue eteeakadea. This man is
trying to get a wife.
Bahue eteaakawaClea. Oar (sou) has set his
heart oa a bride.
Ete cete. ") To attempt, to do one's best,
Ete cote. J to make a show, to show
off.
Etet. To make a fence, to fence, to en-
close with a fence of branches.
Jhaiitite etedme. Fence it with branches.
Etet acurakat tahekana. It was fenced all
round.
Et ete. 1 Uncomfortable feeling in
Jom et ete. j stomach after having eat-
en too much.
Jom ete^eenaii . I have eaten too much and
feel uncomfortable.
Ethem, To cough to call attention, to
ahem.
Ethem sadeedae. He is coughing, as a signal
of his approach.
Ether pother. Tired, uncomfortable,
wearied, used generally with 'du
rup ' to sit.
Durup durupteii e^her po^herena. I am tired
with sitting so long.
Etkec. A common plant. Euphorbia
antiquorum, Linn.
Etke tor§. ] Insufficient space, as for
Etke toroc.J two persons sitting on one
stool, lying in one bed, &c.
A(|li etke torege atkarokkana.
Etko hasa. The burned clay from the
inside of the culha (q. v.), used as
a medicine.
Eto. To break in, to accustom to work.
Nesiil etoea nui dahra. I will break in this
bullock to the plough this year.
Eto. So much, so, such.
Ill do etoge lelham riamkediria ? Did you find
me so stupid ?
Eto boro. So large, such a great.
Eto boro matwarem hoeena? Have you become
such a great man ?
Eto boro gorobia am ! Tou, such a high and
mighty one !
Etoc potoc. Heavily, severely.
Etod potodko (Janijomkedea. They fined him
heavily,
Etoo potodko dalkedea. They beat him severely.
Etohop. Beginning. From ehop (q. v.)
Etohop khon do ball tahekana. I was not pre-
sent from the beginning.
Etom, The right, as opposed to the
left ; to pass over or by, to miss.
Eton; ti. The right hand.
Etom sene calao paromena. He passed to the
right side.
Etom nakhareye dujrupakana. He is sitting
to the right.
Aboe etomketbona dak do. The rain passed
by us.
Alom etom otokalea. Do not pass us by,
(visit us.)
Etom etomko sikeda, oka then babo rohoeP
They have missed much in ploughing, where
can we plant the seedlings ?
Etrah. "> To speak angrily, to get
Etran etran, J angry.
Adiye etrah etranoUa.
Etrah etraue rorkeda. He spoke angrily.
Etwar. Sunday, the first day of the
week.
Ewer. To fan.
Horoko ewera hatalite. They fan the rice with
a hatak (q. v.) (to separate the good grain
on the threshing floor.)
Seiigelko ewera binite. They fan the fire with
a bamboo fan.
Udgarlenreko eweroKa. They fan themselves
when it is hot.
Eya. Use to call attention to males
younger than the speaker.
Eya! beret'me. Hey! get up.
Eya ! beta, calao godoKme.
Eyad. 1 To commit to memory, to
Ead. J remember, to punish.
Monere eyad dohoeme. Keep this in mind.
Hape ! nahaKlaii eyadmea. Hold, I shall punish
you presently.
Eyae. Of eae.
Ga
[ 169 ]
Giibur
Ga. A village.
Jalialeka ga goncjape darana.
Gabad. To got mixed up with, to join,
to stray.
Okoe palronko tnluce gaba(J oalaoetia. She has
got mixed with and gone with some person's
herd.
Abo thene gabadena. It has joined our herd.
Gabad calaoenako ggtiko. The cows have got
mixed up with another herd and gone with
them.
Gaban. To plant rice in vacancies ; to
interlace horizontally ; horizontal
interlacing.
Do calakpe gaban baraape etan Jiolcgea. Go
and plant rice plants in the vacancies, it is
a little thin.
Ma darigi gaban lagaoalSme ih9.nti e^efre. Put
in a thick horizontal interlacing in the
jhanti (q. v.) fence.
Gabao. To stain, to colour, to immerse
in colouring matter during the
process of dyeing ; to fill, to take
up space.
Baberko gabaoa, rah uthaua mente. They bury
the twine in clay to bring out the colour.
Gabar. Mixed.
MiC itad erleda, gabarena. I sowed one kind
of seed, it has got mixed.
r<u 1 ■ ' • rDin, noise, disturbance.
Ghabar gunj.J ' '
AuriaKko gabar gn/ijakafia. They have created
a disturbance without cause.
Gabdha gabdhi. Bringing forth dead
offspring.
Sanamko gabdha gabdhientilia. They all
brought forth dead (or prematurely born)
offspring.
Gabdhao. To bring forth dead offspring,
applied to animals only.
Gabdhaoenae gai do. The calf was bom dead.
Dal gabdhaokedeako. They struck her with
the result that her calf was born dead.
Gabdhao calaoenae gai do. The cow has gone
with another ierd.
Gabdi. A game played by children.
Gabdulan. Fat, big and very fat, heavy
with child, said only of females.
Marah gabdulan maejiu kanae, okaren kan ooe ?
She is k tremendously fat woman, where
does she belong to ?
Gabduyak. Fat, stout, great with child.
Nui gab^uyaK do bae isin hoda. This ' ' fatty ' '
does not cook qiiickly.
Gabe. The pulp of fruit.
- Jo reaK gabetefko joma. The pulp of fruit is
eaten.
(Jab gab. Deeply, to sink deeply, t^
insert dc_'c])ly.
Hoko do gab gabko jomana. Those eat murb
and good food,
OnkoaK jahga bololfa gab gab. Their feet sink
deeply.
Pahra gabgab jahga boloKkantakoa. The feet
of the bullocks sink deeply (in the mud.)
Gabha. The middle, the centre.
Pukhri reak gabhatetrego cak khnntiko bit'-
aka(!a. They have fixed the ' cak ' post
in the centre of the tank.
Gabhand. The ear formed within the
sheath, and beginning to protiude,
applied to all graminea3.
Gabhin. With young, pregnant ; of
animals only.
G9.bbin g^i kanae. It is a cow with young.
Gabhri. A fool, a term of abuse.
Gabis. Colouring matter jDut on water
pots by potters before putting
them into the kiln.
Gabla. ~l To tuck up dress so as to form
Gablao. j a bag, to hold in the lap, as
children do flowers.
Khajariil gablaakawana. I have «. lapful of
parched rice.
Gabla. The gum arable tree, Acaci%
arabica, Willd.
Gaboc. To take for oneself, to keep to
oneself what should have been
divided with others.
Ac oskargeye gabodana. He took it all for
himself.
Gaboc gaboc. Long, having a super-
fluity of clothing.
Gaboc gaboce dhutiakana. He wears a long
dhuti.
Gaboo gaboce lieloKkana. He is a heavy swell.
Gabre. To take stealthily, to help
oneself, as a person in charge of
another's property.
Gabre johkanae. He is helping himself stealth-
ily-
Disaepe bahkhane g-abre idia. Keep your eye
on him, ptberwiae he will help himself.
Acge saname gabreakawana, bae hatiJietJkana.
He kas kept it all to himself, he does not
divide it.
Gabuc sabuc. To confuse, to mix up.
Sanampe g'abuc eg-buckeda okat^alc bujhau ho
bail ilamolfkana. You have confused the
whole matter, there is no understanding it.
Gabur. A common sweet scented Mi-
mosa tree, Acacia Farnesiana,
Willd.
The root of this tree is a yalufible antiseptic.
22
Gacao
I 170 1
Gadao
Gacao. To agree, to confess, promise,
vow.
CedaKem gaoaoatawana ? Wliy did you agree
to itf
Gaohao. To acknowledge, to admit.
Noa katlia do bae gachaoeiibaiia. He does not
admit the statement.
Gachi. A seedling aiFter it has been
pulled up for transplantation.
Gachiau. To remove dhan plants that
have been sown, where they have
come up too thick to where the
plants are thinner.
Er horoko gaohiaua losot sala5 kuijite.
Gad. The receptacle into which the
rice to be husked by the dhenki
is placed.
Sngad. I^'^^P^^'^^'^^*-
Bupiteii rin gaijena. I am deep in debt.
4di utari6 gadena. My debt is very heavy.
Gad. Crowd.
Hot gad. A crowd of people.
■Gad. \Deeply, deep, as a cut made
Gad marte.j with an axe.
Gad marteii mak goljkeda. I made a deep cut.
Gad. The scum which rises to the
top of sugar cane juice when being
boiled.
Gada. A heap ; to make into a heap.
Ma sahan gadaeme. Put the firewood into a
Ita gada. A heap of seed.
Koela gada. A heap of coals.
Dhiri gada. A heap of stones, a cairn.
JCicrie gada. A pile of cloth.
Aema fhenko gadaakata. They have made
heaps in many places.
Gada. A dejjression or hollow, a pit, a
trench, a hole, a river, a stream.
Nahel gaija. A furrow.
Khunti gada. A hole in the ground in which
to fix a post.
Kolhe gada. A hollow in the jungle in which
Kols (q. V.) have burned ohajrcoal.
Bali gada. An iron .stone mine, a pit from
which iron stone is dug.
Koela gada. An open coal mine.
Dhiri gaijla. A quarry.
Dar gada. A trench in which to fix a fence of
branches, or that intended for the founda-
tion of a house.
Duni gada. The channel from which water is
raised by a ' duni' (q.T.)
TelioK gada. The pit in which a weaver works
the treddles of hisloom.
Nali gada. A water channel, a drain.
Kabar gacla. A grave.
Bisi gada. The depression running along each
side of the spine.
Totka gada. The hollow below the skull at
the back of the head.
' Lebet gada. A foot mark.
Don gada, A fissure or stream that can*t be
stepped over but must be jumped over,
Gambrgi. gada. The hollow in which the fire is
placed when boiling the juice of the sugar
cane.
Jliili gada. A trench in th^ ground used as a
fire place when cooking has to be done for
a large number.
Maran gada. The belly, which is never fnU.
Khaiijo gat^a, A pit into which one may fall.
Gada bifi. A river snake.
Gada caricir. The Wagtail, Motacilla
luzoniensis.
Gadae gudui. Long flowing garments,
superfluity of cloth, as in the
raiment of a Kubuli.
Gadae guduiye bandeakana. She is wearing
her sari very long.
Nui maejiu do gadae guduie kamikana. This
woman is working with her clothes about
her feet.
Gada gad. In crowds, numerous.
Gada gad hor menakkoa. There are crowds of
people.
Gada godo. A species of water rat.
Gada gud. "1 Very many, in large num-
Gad gud. j bers.^
Gad gudko jaoraena. They are assembled in
large numbers.
Tumdak gad gud sadekana. The drums are
sounding from all sides.
Gada himd baha. A small bush, Jasmi-
nwrn arborescens.
Gada kalha. 1 A plant found flowering
Harna]Dakor.J in shady places during
the cold weather, Strobilanthus
auriciolatus, Nees.
Gada khasi ghas. "1 A species of grass
Gada kasi ghas. J found on river
banks.
Gadao. To press down, to ram down.
Khunti gadao urijme. Ram the earth round
the post to fix it tightly.
Baudukre barnd gadaome gajte. Ram the
powder into the gun with the ramrod,
Gakdaoak. A rammer, a ramrod.
Gadao. To make impression on the
mind, to lose.
Noa katha iiiak monere gadaoena. I feel the
force of this argument.
Mon bah ga^laolentiiia. It did not recommend
itself to me (I was not pleased with it.)
Met gadaoadoa iAak jinis rielte. A fit of oovet-
ousnssa came over him when he saw my
property.
Gada paowani
[ m 1
Gadi
CedaK noa katham gaijao dohokeda? Why did
you keep this matter to yourself ?
Citlu ga(Jaoena okare coh. The letter has gone
astray somewhere.
Sanam rin ga(JaoentiIia. All my debts are ir-
recoverable.
Gada pacwani. A common flowering
plant, Blumea lacera, D. G.
Gada paujon. A small tree found near
rivers.
Gadap gudup. Sound of thumping.
Gaijap gn^iipko kupuh9.uena. They thumped
each other.
Gada podo. A species of fig tree found
on the banks of rivers.
Gadar. Nearly ripe, applied to agricul-
tural crops.
Gadar. ") Children, mainly used
Gidar gadar. J by " balaeako " (q. v.)
Gadar gudur. Small, as children and
dwarfs ; small and smaller.
Noko do i^trege gaijar gudur in tirit'geako.
They belong to a race of dwarfs, they are
no bigger than that.
Gadar gudur. Sound produced by
bellows, or when milking into a
pail.
Gada sigriU. A small bush found in
the beds of rivers, Sahx tetras-
perma, Roxb.
Gada terel. A small tree, Diospyros
montana, Roxb.
Gadbad. ") Confused, mixed; to be
Gadbadao. J confused, in disorder.
Ona ato do gadbaclakana. That village is in
great disorder.
Gadbe sadbe. To muddle.
DaE gadbe sadbeko bodekeda. They have
muddled and dirtied the water.
Noa katha dope gadbe sa^tbekeda. Ton have
muddled this business.
Gadea gudia. Holding each other by
the hand or clothes, in a band.
Gg4ea gudia baraekanako. They have joined
hands.
Gidrai. do g?.de?. gudiako tjLr hijukkana. The
children come running in a band.
Gadea gudia. \ Said of children fawn-
Gudia gudia. J ing to get something.
Gadel. A crowd, a flock, crowded, nu-
merous.
Hor gadel. A crowd of people.
Gai' gadel. A large drove of cows.
Gadel ato. A populous village.
A^li gadel jaega menaktaea. He has a very
large farm.
Nonije gadel dare menaKa. The trees are very.
close together hero.
^Kji gadel hako menaRkoa. The fish are very
plentiful, i. e. a shoal of fish.
Gad gad. Many, in crowds.
Noa liorto gad gad horko calaoena. Crowds of
people have passed this way.
Gad gad. Sound of falling water, as
over a waterfall.
Gad gad daR ?ituKkana.
Gad gad daKko duleda.
Gad gad. Frizzling, hissing, as when
a piece of hot iron is put into water.
Gad gaijko pithgieda.
Gad gad.. Miry.
Ga(J ga(J losot'ena. It is very miry.^
Gad gadao. To crowd together.
Heo gadgadaoenako. They have come in
crowds.
Gad gadao. Noise of water flowing or
rushing, to laugh.
Ale sen ^^i gad gadao calaoena daS ga^a mun-
dure.
Gad gadaokkanako. They are laughing and
talking.
Gad gadao. To frizzle, to hiss. Cf gad
KhoK ga4 gadaok kantiila koram bhitrire.
Gad gud. Sound of milk streaming
into the pail during the process
of milking.
BitkUko dnhg.uetIkoa gad gud.
Gadha. A donkey, a he-ass.
Gadha godho. Uneven, rough.as ground
or a road broken up by pits and
water courses.
Gadha godho. Heavy, clumsy, as a
piece of joiner work.
Gadha sot. ~| Ravines and hollows ; to
Garha sot. ) be lost.
Gadha sot tolkatele khetakaCa. By damming
up ravines and hollows we have made rice
land.
Gadha sotenako merom do. The goats are lost.
Gadhi. A she-ass.
Gadhnao. To honour, to pay respect
to.
Bae gadhnaoledilia. He did not honour me.
Gadhra. Thick, as rice water ; thick
and unwholesome, as some waters.
Cf. gadra.
Gadi. A cart, a carriage, anything
that runs on wheels ; a wheel.
Eat gadi. A chariot.
Eel g?.!?!- -A- railway train.
Gadi
I 172 1
Gadrum sadrum
Gadi. Lair of certain animals, as
of a hare, pig, &c.
Bir sukriko gadia, kulai hoko gadia. Wild
pigs have lairs, so also have hares.
Ggidi khon sukrie toi gotena,. The pig rushed
out from its lair.
Gadi. Marks or lines in a children's
game.
Eneo gadiko benaoa. They make lines for the
game.
Gadi. Populous, as a village.
Gadi Tundi, The capital of Tnndi.
■ Gadi Sirampur. The capital of Serampore.
Gadi. A cushion ; a shop.
Hathi reaK gadi. An elephant cushion.
Eaj gadi. A king's cushion, a throne.
Paura gaidi. A liquor shop.
Eaj gadireye durupena. He has been installed
king.
Gadia. A small reservoir in which
water does not remain all the year.
^f?,^^- ,. JRcservod, close.
Bhitar gaclia.J
Maraii bhitar gadia hor kanae. He is a very
reserved man.
Gadiau. To sink, to bnry, to fix one's
residence, to settle down, as shij)
on a sand bank.
LoBoEre gadiauakanao. He has sunk in the
mud.
Horo losot're gadiau tahcnae. The tortoise
lives buried in the mud.
Gaiji gadjg,u)la loso£re, gitilre. A cart sinks
in mud and sand.
' Huti a'oko jomtilia mento tbcii:-',a losotreA
gadiaua. I shall bury my stick in mud
so that insects may not oat it.
Tahe gadiauenae, bae ruarol; l;ana. Ho is
fixed there, he does not return.
Mon ga,diau. To please.
Gadiau. To carry a sword, &c. to be
armed with a sword, &c.
Tarware gadiauakawanae. He is carrying a
sword.
The sword is usually carried under the left arm.
Gadi ghao. An ulcer on the front of
the leg between the knee and the
ankle.
Gadjal. A species of fish.
Gadjal.l The three or four quick strokes
Gojol. J which follow the striking of
the hour on the gong.
Gadjalko dalkeda. After striking the hour on
the gong they gave a few blows in quick
succession.
Gadia. Thick and muddy, as water.
Noa dak do gadlagea, babon Ania. This water
is thick and muddy, we will not drink it.
Gadlak. A hole or pit in the ground,
a ravine.
Has gadlaJf. The pit from which clay has been
dug to build or plaster a house or houses.
GadlaK godlok. Rough, uneven, having
holes or hollows here and there.
Noa hor do adi gadlalf godloKgea. This road
is very rough (full of pits and hollows.)
Gadle. A garment worn round the
waist reaching to below the knees
made up of pieces of old cloth
sewn together; tattered, shaggy.
Cf. kantha
Gadle mara budhi. The old wife in a patchwork
petticoat.
Gadle bhi^i. A fleecy sheep.
Gadoe. A ceremony observed at the
Sohrae festival by the youth of
the village.
On the forenoon of the second day of the Sohrafe
(q. V ) festival young men and boys with
drums and various musical instruments pay
a visit to each house in the village. Some
of the party go as phakirs, others may
have straw monkeys which they make per-
form, others pretend to be pedlars and
offer to sell bits of straw, or wood, &c.,
the object being to amuse. At every house
they receive some rice which they leave
with the Jog manjhi. Afterwards it i.s
cooked along with the Dhaoa binija (q. v.)
and the Jale rice.
Gador. Disobedient obstinate.
A(Ji gador hor kanae mit ho bae arijoma. He
is very obstinate, he will listen to nothing
Nui gador mara hor. This mule of a man.
Gador bhidi. An up-country sheep.
Gadra. \ Thick, as the first milk of an
Grttlhra.J animal after having given
birth to young ; thick and unwhol-
some, as water.
Daft mandi phariagea, se gadrageap Is the rice
water clear or thick ? Gadhragea. It is thick .
Gadroc. Torn, tattered.
Sanam gadrod cabaentiiia kicric do. My
clothes are all in tatters,
Gadroc sadroc. Dirty and ragged.
Gadrod sadrode lieloKkana. He looks ragged
and dirty.
Gadrum. Torn, tattered, ragged, haiiy,
rough, as a sheep; dirt, filth.
Ga,drum kicrid oaKem ladeakawana ? besaK baro
horogme. Why are you wearing tattered
clothes ? put on good ones.
Bhidi harta do gadrumgea. A sheep's skin is
rough.
Gadrum sadrum. Hirsute, shaggy,
rough ; litter, rubbish ; dirty as a
ploughed field in which the grass
Gadu6
[ 173 ]
Gaharak
&nd weeds have not been buried
by the plough;
G9.di-uin g9.drumko upana. They are very hairy
or shaggy.
G9.drum s?.drum ghasge AeloKbana. The grass
has not been buried by the plough.
Gadrum sadrumge lieloKkana, ma joK gi^ikam.
It looks a tangle (cobwebs on the roof)
sweep them away.
Gadu6. To touch one to call attention,
to scratch, as a bear, tiger, &c. ;
to scrape towards oneself.
Ma gjdujem. Touch him to call his attention.
Banae gaduoakadea. The bear scratched him.
Kul do dg.r jokheo g9.duitioKkedeae. The tiger
clawed him as he fled.
Gadur. To scratch, to scrape with the
claws or nails.
Ma deare gadurilime. Come, scratch me on
the back.
Banae gadur baraakafa nongle. A bear has
been scratching here.
Gadut. iDisobedient, self-willed, obsti-
nate, lazy.
Gadut horko bako alijom hoda. Obstinate
people do not obey at once.
Gaegam. Sensation produced by some-
thing touching the skin; to scratch.
Cefte coniii gaegamena. Something has touch-
ed me.
Cele ooe gaegamkedifia. Some living creature
touched me.
Gaela gaela. Indistinct, as speech.
Q^ela gaelae rore€kana. He speaks indistinct-
ly-
Gaelogaelo. Muffled . up, wrapt up in
clothes.
Gaelo saelo. To disarrange, to con-
fuse^ to disorder.
Kathape gaelo saelokeda. You confused the
matter.
Hoete sanam gaelo saelokedae. The wind has
disordered all (the thatch.)
Gaemae. Gentle, quiet, peaceable.
Nui do adi gaemae hor banae. This is a very
peaceable man.
Gae makhao. To accept responsibility,
to take upon oneself.
TlniyG gae makhaoena. He has taken the res-
ponsibility upon himself.
UniaK jaega nuiye gaemakhaoakawana. This
man makes himself responsible for that
man's rent.
'Gaenaha. A good singer, one who
sings well and knows a large num-
ber of songs and tunes.
Gagoj. Desire, necessity.
Acaii lad peKrede gagojoltkan tahekana. He
would fain have filled his belly.
p, "1 ■ j- A brass water pot.
Mii ghagra ^akae topaakat'a. He has buried
(for safety) a brass water pot full of rupees.
GagG. Speaking through the nose
and very indistinctly.
Nui do gague rora.
Gah. A disease which attacks chil-
dren.
Gidrg.ko gahoka. Children are subject to the
disease known as ' gah ' .
Gah sapabadea. He is suffering from ' gah '.
Gahagad. ") Crowded, teeming, popu-
Gahagud. J lous, thick.
Gahagu^ rimile rakapakada, ?.(3i lluta. Dense
clouds have arisen, it is very dark.
Gahagu^ko eneckana. There are a large num-
ber of parties dancing.
Gahagu^ko tapamkana.
Gahagu^ko ruieda. Drums sounding on all
Hantelah calaKa, non^e gahagudte bah alljo-
moKkana. We will go over there, here on
account of the crowd and turmoil nothing
can be heard.
Gahagoho. Wrapt up in cloth so as to
appear large.
K^mi jokhec gahagoho baraekanae. He is
working wrapt up in his cloth.
Gahak. 1
Gahak. I A would-be-purchaser, a
Gahki. j buyer.
Gohrak.J
Gohrakko lagaolenkhan uni (Jaiiraii akriliea.
If I found a buyer I would sell that ox.
Gahamgad. In crowds.
Gahamgadko jaoraakana. They are assembled
in crowds.
Gahana. An eclipse of either sun or
moon.
After an eclipse of the sun a nephew goes to
bis maternal uncle and says to him, I have
come to release the "gahana" The uncle
makes him a present of anything from a
fowl to a cow. After an eclipse of the moon
the uncle goes to his nephew and is presen-
ted with something of a like nature by him.
Gahandi. Flock, herd, crowd, family,
company.
Gahan guhun. Cf gahar guhur.
Gaharak."'
Gaharag.
Goharak. -A purchaser, a buyer.
Goharag.
Gohara. J
Adi gaharakko hiiul<kana iJiaK dokaute. Very
many pnrphasers come to my shop.
Gahfir guhur
[ IH ]
Gajvvals
Gahar giihfir. In low tones, low, used
generally with " ror " to speak.
Gahar guhurko roreda. They are speaking in
a low tone.
Gahat gehSi. Slow speaking, seldom
speaking, slow in movement.
Gahat' gehei; baraekanae.
Gahat guhiii Cf. gahali gehg£.
Gahda. ") Moist dhan land in which
Gahra. / there is always a sufficiency,
of water.
Gahi. A decoy, a leader; to attract,
to decoy.
Potam gahi. A decoy dove.
Gundri gahi. A decoy quail.
Gahi la;,4t'i6 asulea. I will keep it for a decoy.
AJi horko g?ihiona. Many people have been
decoyed away.
Gahia. Cf. gahi.
Gahir. Deep.
Gahir kui. A deep well.
Gahir katha. A deep word.
Gahki. A purchaser, a buyer.
Gahla. Pitched on a low key.
Noa tirio do gahlagea, saiifjilito do eade ban
oalalckana. This flute lias a low pitch, the
sound does not go far
Gahna. T An eclipse of either sun or
Gahana. / moon. C£ gahana.
Cando gahnaKkanae. There is an eclipse in
progress.
Gahndi. A herd, a flock, family, com-
pany.
Gai gahnditeli senlena. I went to the herd of
cows.
Ale gahndiren kanae. He belongs to our com-
pany.
Gahnju. Pendulous belly.
Gahri. Long continued and severe, as
fever, chronic, difficidt.
Eua do adi g?.hrientaea. His fever has assum-
ed a very dangerous form.
Noa katha do adi g9.hrigea. This is a very
difficult matter.
Gahul. To delay, press of work or
business.
Kaj do a^li g^hulena. The business is greatly
delayed.
A^i gg.hulre meua6a. I have a press of work
on hand.
Gai. A COW.
Gai danra. Cattle.
Ggii pal. A herd of cattle.
Pal gai. A cow with calf.
K?i.pil gai. The yak, Bos grvnnietis.
Gai cancir. A small bird.
Gai ghura. A small common plant.
Poly gala chinensis, Linn.
Gai uric. Cattle, the cattle of a village
which are, as a rule, numerous.
Gai uric lekako odokena jel do. The deer
came out (numerous) as cattle.
Gai urid leka horko pasnabena. The people
spread like cattle.
Gai urid leka menaEkoa. They are (as numer-
ous) as cattle.
Gaj. A measuring rod of two cubits,
a foot rule.
Bandukgaj. Eamrod of a gun.
Huka gaj, A thin rod for cleaning the huk?
stem.
Gaja guju. Numerous, in crowds.
Gaja gnjuko jaoraakana. They have assembled
in crowds.
Gajal. ") A species of fish found in
Gadjal.j" "jhils".
Gajar. Dense, close together.
Gajar moca. A Musalman, one having beard
whiskers, and moustache.
Noa bir do gidi gajargea. This jungle is very
dense.
Gajar. Noise, turmoil, tumult, din.
Adiko gajarakata, hapeU metakom. They are
making a great din, tell them to be quiet.
Gajer. Dense, close together. Cf.
gajar.
Gajgajao. To crowd together.
Taka gajgajaoKkantaea, enreho bae emoKa. He
has piles of money still he won't give.
Kacahari hiloK adi hor bed gajgajaokoKafco-.
On court day very many people come and
crowd together.
Gaji. A narrow piece of cloth about
one cubit in breadth, and any
length.
It used to be customary to make "saris" of
two strips sewn together. This was called
"gS'ji s^ri. "
Gajilal. A traditional hero, applied
scoffingly.
Bahware Gajilal ! Kule soboKakadea. Bravo !
Gajilal, he has stabbed a tiger.
Gajlak marte. "|^ Piercing deeply, as an
GajlaU mente. j arrow or a spear.
GajlaK maraokedeaA. I pierced him deeply
(with an arrow.)
GajlaR marteli soboKkedea. I pierced him
deeply (with a spear.)
Gajwak. To go bad, as cooked rice if
kepit too long ; to be over cooked.
Sanampe gajwak ocokeda. You have allowed
oil the rice to go bad.
Sea gajwaK. To putrify.
GalJ
t 1?5 ]
Galo(5 saloi
&c.
Gal?. To stretch twine, thvead,
fi-om one point to anotlu'i'.
Bindi ganaM. A spider's web.
Bmdi siit9,mko gaga. Spiders stretch threads
trom one point to another.
Kathageye gaK baraoiida. He weaves tales.
Gakhur. Clever, proficient, efficient,
well trained, as a bullock to the
plough.
Kamire g»khurakanae. He is proficient in his
work.
Bes gakhur (Jaiira kanae. He is a well trained
ox.
Gal. To boast, to brag, to speak.
Eken galtae in9,ge, bae dareaHa. He only boasts,
he can't do it.
Ma se, galme. Come, speak out.
Ma se, giltam, duUte£ cetlekantama. Come,
tell what sort of troubles you have.
Gala. Voice.
Gala pheraoentaea. His voice has changed
(from a child's to a man's.)
Bes gala kantaea, bese sereJi dareaKkana. His
voice is good, he can sing well.
Galae. 1 Small, diminutive, as in-
Galae galae. J sects.
Galae galaeko barkaoena.
Galae galaeko deloEkana. They look very
small.
Galak galak. ") Dirty, ill-looking, appli-
Galat galati. J ed to large sores.
ITni galaf gala£e ghaoakana. He has offensive
sores.
Galak salaK. ") Stupid, dull-witted, un-
Galat' solat. J intelligible.
Lelha iloK hor galaK salakko metakoa.
Oka lekam roref kana galaf solat'.
GalaS galam. ]^^^^' indistinctly.
Galam galam <iut oele ho baiiko Jiel liamoka.
It is very dark no living creature will be
seen.
Galam marte kulii lieUedea. I caught a glimpse
of the tiger.
Cedali noa jiinda galam galamem dara barae-
kana ? Why are you going about to-night in
the dark f
Galau. To plait, to braid.
Up galan. To braid the hair.
Baha gntn galaii. To weave a garland.
Caurio galaii. To plait a ribbon for the hair.
Baber galah. To twist strands into twine.
JonoK galah. To plait (grass for a) broom.
Bor galaii. To plait straw into a rope.
Kathako gutu galaiikeda. They have concocted
the matter.
Galan gulun. Slowly, deliberately.*
Galaii guluiie calakkana. He moves along
slowly.
Galao. To melt, to decompose.
Ona kathate ball galaokkana. I am not being
affected by that story (it has no force
with me.)
Phula kli?sig,tert galaoodirikana. You are over-
coming me with humonr.
Galao got'ena. It all melted.
Oalasan. Unconscious.
Nuihordo galasahegitinakana. Tliis man is
_ in a heavy sleejt.
A(Ji ate rualfltana, galasafae gitieakana. He is
very ill with fever, ho is lying in an uncon-
scious state.
Galat' solali Stupid, dull witted ; dull
heavy looking. Cf. galak salak.
Gal bajoria. A great talker, a wind-
bag, one who prefers talking to
working.
Maraii gal bajorigi kanae. He is a great wind-
bag.
Galbajri. Pert, talkative, loquacious.
Galfalak. 1 ^^°' tum"lt> loud murmur-
Galgul. J i"g' ^« of a crowd.
Adiko galgalaEa ce£ ho bam alijom dareaKa.
They make such a din, you can hear nothing.
Gal galao. To be moist, damp, to run,
as a sore.
SI f$:}™e tattle.
Gal gul. Speaking, row, din, noise.
Celeko gal gule£ tahekana ? Who wore making
a noise P
Okoe hor con galgulko ror idikeda. Some people
passed speaking loudly.
Gali. A loop, a method of tying.
Sukri gg,li. A method employed to tie the feet
of a pig when it is desired to carry it on a
pole between two men when alive.
Jora gali. A knot on one end and a loop on
the other, used to tie cattle, goats, &c.
Ph9.si gali. A running noose.
Galid. Mash, mush, mashy, mushy.
Dakape isin gaUdkedape. Tou have cooked
the rice into a mash.
Galkatua. Boasting, bragging ; a boas-
ter, a braggart.
Marahgalk?.tf^ hor kanae. He is a great boas-
ter.
Galmarao. To converse, to speak.
Galmaraoet' tahekanaliii. We were conversing
together.
Ona kathae gahnaraoadifiae. He told me that
story.
Galoc cSrS. The Hawk cuckoo, Hiero-
coccyx varius.
Galo6 salo6. Higgledy piggledy, in
confusion. Scottice, heeds an'
thraws.
Horo eanam galod salodena. The dhau is all
lying different ways.
Galsal
[ 3^6 ]
Ganao
Galsal. To consult, to converse, to
speak ; to keep company, to ac-
company.
Ayup nahaKle galaala. We will consult in the
evening.
Galsalkedape, calfpe thirenaP Ton talked it
oTer and settled it, why are you inactive ?
Alope galsala thirte kamipe. Do not converse,
work quietly.
Galsal bar horlaii tahena. We two will keep
each other company.
Galta golat. Dull, vacancy of mind,
stolidity, want of intelligence.
A6 eakar galta golat'e dara baraekana.
Adomko bhabnateko galta goladoKa.
Galti. A slip, a fault.
Eorreri galtikeda. I made a slip in speaking.
Galua. A boaster, a braggart, a deceiver.
Mui do adi galua kanae, adi hore galaokoa.
This is a great boaster, he takes many
people in.
Galua cerg. iThe Hawk cuckoo, ffi-
Galoc cgr§, J erococcyx varius.
Gam. A story, a folk tale ; folk lore.
Gam sereli. A part of a story which is sung.
Gamao, To recognize, to diagnose, to
remember.
Bali gamao thikledea. I did not recognize him.
Sen ma^ sen hecakan, bali gamaoakat'a. I have
gone and come, but I do not remember it
(the road.)
Gambhir. Serious, sedate, good natur-
ed, quiet, without vice, as a horse
or bullock.
Gambhra gada. The pit in which the fire
is placed when boiling gur (q. v.^i
Gamcha. A piece of cloth from li to
to 2 yards in length, used mainly
to put on when bathing to keep
the ordinary garment dry. It is
often worn round the neck when
not in use.
Gamcha hasa. A kind of earth with
which cloth is dyed a light reddish
brown colour. This is the Hindu
and Buddhist sacred colour.
Gam gam. | To be sultry, close.
Gam gamao. J "^
Gumgamaolckana daK hijuli cohce^coh. It is
very sultry, will it rain or not.
4di gamgam atkaroKkana. It feels very sultry.
Gamgondar.") Muttering in a low tone
Gamgondor. j of voice.
Cef pe gam gondoreda ? What aie you mutter-
ing away at there.
Gam gum. Stillness, perfect quietnesis.
Gam giimko thirena. They became perfectly
still.
Gamgum barakoKpe. Be stiU, or be quiet.
Gam gum. Cf. gum.
Nia gamgum barakam. Sift this.
Gam gundur. Quiet, reserved.
Maran gamgundurhor kanae. He is a very re-
served person.
Gamgunduran hofko edre godoEa. Reserved
people easily take ofPence.
Gamhand. Cf. gabhad.
Gampatak. ") To hear when called to
Gampatao. J but not to reply, as one
wishing to shirk duty.
Dak jokha gupi gidrako gampatal^a. In the
rains the herd boys pretend not to hear
when called to, (turning out being uncom-
fortable.)
Gampatao. To sulk, to be in the dol-
drums, to feign death, as some in-
sects do.
Gampataoakanae. She is sulking.
Gampataoenae uru do. The beetle is feigning
death.
Gampis. To talk privately.
Cet'pe gampis johkan tahekana. What were
you speaking about privately.
Gan. About, nearly.
Tikin gan. About mid-day.
Inal^ gan. About as much as that.
Mnak gan. About as much as this.
Thora gan. A small quantity, a few.
NunaK gan. About as much as this.
Unas gan. About as much as that.
Hunalfgan. So much as that.
TJnaK gan sahgiilre. At about that distance.
More moka gan. About five cubits.
Bele ganena se bah? Is it about ripe, or not.
Gan. Properly, fully, suitable.
.^uriii cet gana. I have not yet learned it pro-
perly._
Arhoii oet' ganlege.
EmoTk ohoko ganlena. They will not agree to
give.
Mase, gan ocokom. Make them agree to it.
Auri hara ganoKae. She has not yet gro^vn
sufficiently.
Bah ganokaKem gan ocoleda. You are making
proper what is improper.
Bah ganoKaKgeye roreda. He is saying what
he ought not to say.
Mon bail ganaflea. We were not pleased.
Kami ganme. Do a little more, or a little bet-
ter work.
Bah ganoSaK. An impropriety.
Oho ganlentama. It will not succeed. (It will
not become what you wish.)
Oho kami ganlena teheri do. It is not suitable
for this work to day.
Ganao. To respect, honour.
Ehgam apum ganaoklnme. Honour thy father
and thy mother,
Disom horko do parganako bako ganaoef ko
netar do. The people of the country do
not respect the pargannas.
Ganade
[ 177 I
Ganijhiii
Ganade. Bars running cross-wise in
opposition to those running length-
wis-e (jeleti, q. v.) ; the cross bars
at the two ends of a bed : the
short opposite ends of a paral-
lelogram.
Ganak. "J A spider's web, from
Bindi ganaU. J gaU (q. v.)
Ganao. To respect, to honour, to heed,
pay attention to, obey.
Ato lior do mg-fiilii bako ganaoedekana.
The villagers do not pay respect to tlio head
man.
Gqpari. A small fishing net with a
handle like a butterfly net.
Gand A cross ridge, or embank-
ment, a division crosswise.
Barpe gan^em arelekhan insttem besolfa.
If you throw two or three embankments
across it will be well.
Gand. A swelling in the groin or in
the armpit which sometimes ga-
thers ; enlarged gland.
Ganda. A set of four.
Bar gan^a poesa. Two annas.
Pon ganda aphar monalta. There are 16 bunch-
es of rice seedlings.
Gandac gunduc.'*
Forgetful, as old peo-
ple sometimes are.
or as one very busy
or in deep sorrow.
Lumpy, large and
Gandac gusuc.
Gadak gasuk.
Ganduc gasuc.
Ganduk sanduk
Ganduk gasuk.
Gandac gunduc.
small lumps,
Jondra daka gan^ad gunijuogea.
Ganda gunda. To be broken into pieces
or fragments ; to be ground into
powder; fragments.
Ganija gun(j9.ena busup do. The straw is re-
duced to very small pieces.
Gaai^a gun^ako joma. They eat the fragments.
Ganda guti. To divide, to make up
an account.
Iii do olioli ganija guti dayelea. I cannot divide
it.
Gangla gutikedale. We divided it.
The system of "ganda guti" is to put down a
pebble, or any other small object, as the
name of each person entitled to share is
mentioned. Then a share is placed alongside
of each pebble, or whatever else was laid
down.
"Gandar. Larvae of certain beetles.
Kat gan^lar. Found in wood.
Guri6 gandar. Found in middens of oow dung.
Dhiri ganijar. Said to feed on stones.
Gandar cerg. A species of waterfowl.
Gandar gundur. Muttering, speaking
in low tones.
Gandar gundur oei coo rorefkan. Ho is mut-
tering something to himself.
Gandar gundvirkin galmaraokana. They are
conversing in low tones.
Gandaura. Rubbish, rubbish in a heap.
Gandbhur. A wooden water pipe ; a
hollow piece of wood used as a
water pipe.
Gande. To place at a right angles to
something else, cross, transverse.
Biiie gan(Jo esoCkedilia. A snake was stretched
across my path.
Gande munde. An adverb possessing
intensifying force.
Gande mundeko dalkedea. They beat him
severely.
Gando mundaye jomkeda. He ate amazingly.
Gande muncleko agukediiia. They fined me (or
charged me) heavily,
Gande munde joakana. A very large quantity
of fruit (on the tree.)
Gandet bin. A species of poisonous
snake.
Gand gand. Across, at right angles,
transversely.
Gam} gand areme. Throw embankments across
at several places.
Gand garur. The Rhinoceros.
Gandha gandhi. Strong, applied to
smells.
Adi bes gandha gandhi so kana. This a strong
pleasant smell.
A(Ji baric gandha gjndhi so kana. A strong
unpleasant smell.
Gandhak. Sulphur, brimstone.
Gandhari arak. A cultivated pot-herb,
Amarantus gangeticus, var, an-
gustifolia, Linn.
Gandhbhur. A wooden water pipe, a
hollow piece of wood used as a
water pipe.
Gandhel Lazy, sluggish.
Marau ganijhefi hor kanae. He is a very slug-
gish man.
Gandhel; mundhel Naked, scrimply
clad.
Kiorio b9.nuKtaea gan^hefi munijhelje dara ba-
raekana. He has no clothes, he is going
about nearly naked.
Nui ijanra do g.ijiye g?.n<Jhig.wa. This bullock
is very sli
23
Gandhua
■-i: 1T8 ]
Gangun
Gandi. \I
Gandic. J
Gandlrua. Listless.
Nui gan^iiii^ mara hor.
[A term of abuse or depreci-
ation, used by women only.
Nui haram g^ndire ball kusiKa.
Gandiari. A kind of grass found
mostly in rice fields.
Gaudke. ") A term of abuse, used
Gandke rapaH. j by women only.
Gandke. A log of wood.
Khub marau gandke onde nienal5;a, i5el oto-
akafali. There is a big log over there, I
have seen it.
Sarjom gandke. A logof sarjom wood.
Tale gancjke. A log of the Palmyra palm.
tri gan(Jke. A log of mango wood.
Gando. A small piece of wood from 6
to 12 inches long and 3 or 4 high,
used as a stool to sit on.
Ganijo belakome. Set stools for them.
Gando guru. One of the lesser deities
of the Santal pantheon.
Gandon. To think, to jjonder, to con-
sider.
Gandon baralege, tobeA laiama. I must first
think over it, then I shall tell yon.
Ma noa gandonpe, thika, se baiia. Think over
this as to whether it ia right or wrong.
Gandra \Full of niclts or notches, to
Gandrao. j be nicked, or notched.
Gandra gundra. To cut or break into
pieces, lying loose, not tied into
bunches (jhomble.)
"Oandra gundr-g-bo jom hatara. We will for
the present eat the loose cobs (of Indian
corn, and not those tied into bunches and
put past.)
Gandrao. Chapped, notched cracked,
eaten or rotted away.
Gandrao llurolf. To rot off, as tbe toes or
fingers of a person suffering from leprosy.
Noa kat do jom gan(}raoakatako. This piece of
wood has been eaten through.
Jaiiga katup latarre daK jokha gan(JraoKa.
Cracks appear underneath the toes during
the rainy season.
Oka do gai cuAci ho gandraoKa. Sometimes
cows' duga become chapped.
Ganduk sanduk. Slovenly, slatternly,
careless of appearance through
■Borrow, garments soiled, tarnished
or disordered with working.
Kg-mi kamitele ganduK sanduKena. Our gar-
ments are soUeu and tarnished with work-
ing.
Gandur gapur. Very scrimply clad.
Kicrioteko gandur gapuroKa. They are in want
of clothes.
Gandur gapure bandeakana. She is scantily
clad, (and what she has is old and tattered.)
Gano garib.
Gani gurib. }-Very poor people.
Guni gurib.
Nui v&i do gnni gurib-adiye haroneikoa. This
king (or Zemindar) is very hard on poor
people,
Gan. A contused wound ; to cause a
contused wound ; a blind boil
Dal gahkedea. He struck him and caused a
contused wound.
Gangan. Populous and prosperous,
thriving.
Noa ato adi gangan tahekana. 'This was a
populous and prosperous village.
Adi gangan a^karoKkana. It feels veryheart-
'Some. (Santals being remarkably gregar-
ious this is their idea of felicity.)
Ganganao. To crowd, to be numerous.
Hed ganganaoenako. They have continued to
come till they are now crowding.
Ganganea. Rich, well-to-do.
Gangania. Numerous and prosperous,
prosperous, well-to-do.
NuiaiK oraK adi gangania^aikaulfkana. This
man's house seems very prosperous.
Nui do mihute, meromte, horte, cijte a(Jj
gangania aikauKkanae. This man in cattle,
goats, people and property seems to be very
prosperous.
Gangante. Carefully, vigilantly, pru-
dently, deliberately, having all
one's wits about one.
Gangante calaKme. Go carefully.
Gangante k?.mi_me. Do your work carefully.
Gangante boloKme. Feel your way in.
Gangante bujhaume. Think it over bit by bit.
Ganga. The river Ganges.
Ganga gaya. To perform the last rites
for the -dead.
Ganga gayakedeale. We performed all the
last rites for him.
Ganga tulsi. A common plant with a
pleasant smell, Hyptis suaveolens,
Poit.
Ganghar. Sore, applied to the throat,
hoarse.
HotoS gahgharentilia, dais h5 ball u^ dareaE-
kana. My throat is sore, I am not able to
swallow even water.
Ganghar gonghar. Full of holes.
Alope umuloKa non(le ganghar gohghor then. Do
not take shelter here, a place where there
are so many holes, (from which scorpions
and snakes may emerge.)
Gangit. Nodular limestone.
Gaiigun. Having an impediment in
speech, dumb.
Gahgungeye rora. Ho speaks indistinctly (has
an impediment in his speech.)
Gaii nai
[ 179 ]
Gapyi
Gan nai. The Ganges river, mentioned
in the oldest traditions of the
Santals.
Gani gurib. Very poor people,
Gani sani. Forgetful, flustered.
Cekange bail g9.ni s?.ni.
HafamiA doli dadawade.
Gaiija. Ganja, the Hemp plant; Can-
nahinis sativa.
Ganja gadji. Crowded, to crowd"; over-
crowded. Cfl gha6ja ghaiiji.
GaAja gariji. To mix up,- to break up
and mix.
Hasako gaiija ggHijikeda;
Kathako gaiija ggiiijikeda. Tliey have mixed
up the matter (confused it.
Aijiko gaiija ggilijikodilia. They badgered me
terribly.
Ganja guAji. To throw, or place things
any where, or anyhow..
Dohoakafae, gaiija guliji. He has put the
things down any where.
Gaiija gulijiko dohoakafa. They hava laid
them-'down anyhow.-
Garijan. \To annoy, to render lifemiser-
Ganjon.J able; trouble-, annoyance,
worry.
4di gaiijonre menaiia. I am in a great worry.
Nonkan galijonreko gohkediiia. They married
me into misery like this.
Nondenko adiko galijonediiikana. The people
here make my life miserable.
Nui gidra doe gafijonkedilla. This child caused
ma endless misery.
Gaiij'ao. To mix up, to disan-ange and
break into pieces.
Sipi gaiijao. To mix, to knead, as dough-.
Tjehet gaiijao. To break and- mix up by tread-
ing.
Dal gaiijao. To break and mii'x up by beating.
Daiii-ateko gafijaokeda. They trod it out by
means of bullocks.
.4k bargeko gaiijaokeda. They have ploughed
and mixed up the soil in the sugar cane
field.
Gaiijer. YThick, close together, dense.
GaAjher.J Cf. gajar.
Ganjeri. Addicted to gafija.
Ganjha ganjhi. Trampled, disordered.
Ganj her. A large forest tree, Sterculia
villosa, Roxb.
Ga6jhu. A Hindu caste.
Gadjia. A netted purse carried tied
round the loins.
Ganj on. To slight, to ill-treat, to i-ender
life miserable.
.^(jti bail jutko galijonkediiia~ They treated me
-rery badly.
Ganthar. The inner skin of ftuits, th©
film, underneath the shell of
an egg, the placenta of animals ;
an inner wrapper of a filmy nature.
Ganti. To count.
G9.ntiabonme. . Count them for us.
Gaoali. Belonging to-a village, or the
country.
Gaore. . ") Indistinctly, to keep out.
Gaore gaore. J. of the way.
Sen gaorecnae. Ho keeps out of the way.
Ajom gaoreenaii. . I heard indistinctly ..
Gaose. Cf ghaose.
Gaowao. To lose, to injure.
AJtego jiwiye gaowaokeftaea. He lost his life
by. his own act.
Gaowar. Foolish, stupid, raw.
Gaowar mara hor. A stupid fellow.
Gaowari buli. The dialect of the Bihari,
language spoken in villages.
Gap. Talking; verbiage, prolixity, story
rumour.
Qaptegem ud?.ueda. Tou are obscuring the
point by mere talk.
Gapa. To-morrow.
Teheli gapa. N"ow-a-days, about the present
time.
Gapa mearikotele calaKa. We will go within
the next two or- three days.
GapanoVc. To-morrow.
GapanoKlaii calaRa. We will go to-morrow.
Gaphlat. Carelessness, negligence, in-
advertency, neglect, fault.
Iii'aK' gaphlat kana. It is my fault.
Gaphlati. Carelessly, negligently.
Adi gaphl?.tim kamikana. You are working
very carelessly.
Gaphil. Negligent, indolent, impru-
dent, careless, off one's guard,
; thoughtless,
Alope-gaphiltabona. Do not be negligent.
Gapi. A great talker, one who tries by
much speaking to obscure the
point at issue.
KTaran gapi kanao. He is a great talker.
Giipuc. ~) Slanting inwards, or under-
Garpuc. / neath, as a dog's tail when
he puts it between his legs ; slan-
ting.
Gapuokateye calaoena. He went off with his
tail between hia legs.
LaK' gapuokedam. You have cut it with a
slant underneath.
Qar
[ 180 ]
Gargarao
Gar. A fort, a palace.
Gar. Difficulty, strait, danger.
G9.r rauhim. Danger and distress.
Garte. Time ; forcibly, loudly, heavily.
Doaar garte. A second time.
EtaK garte. Again, another time.
Behaj gart^ye daKkeda. It rained heavily.
A(Ji garte hohokeda. He called out lustily.
4iji garteye raKkeda. He wept loudly.
Gara. 1 Clay made inta the consistence
Garah. J of and used instead of mortar.
Gara. Responsibility, trouble, danger.
Agu bali garakode, nitoK do haroniAkanae.
Noa gara do bafi dohoea. I will not accept this
responsibility.
Ilitege garaii ladcana. I have assumed respon-
sibility.
Gara. Shoot springing from root of
a plant.
Garad. Prison, cor. of the English
" guard."
Garad oraKteye boloena. He has been put into
the guard house.
Garadkedeako. They put him into prison.
Garad. \Over head and ears in
Rin garad. J debt ; swamped in debt.
Ein garadenae. He is over head and ears in
debt.
Garaj. ") Interest, concern, necessity,
Goroj. j occasion, want, need.
KiKriri here garojlenkhau alckriAko alike da-
ma. If a thing is urgently required by the
purchaser the price asked by the seller is
high.
Goroj banuKtiiikhan caKili hataoa ? I have no
, ' need for it, why should I take it ?
Nonde oetkantama goroj do? What interest
have you here ?
Gara jala. Black and heavy, as clouds ;
difficulty, strait.
Eimii garaj ala so bele leka un?iukedae.
Adi garajalareA paraoena. I am in a great
strait.
GaraM garali.l Continuously, time after
Gorols gorolj. j time.
GaraK garaKe g.risedillkana. He keeps annoy-
ing me time after time.
4ris ge garaK garaKe hohoelJkana. Ho annoys
by continually calling out.
Garal garal. Red, raw, applied to sores.
Ghaoakanae garal garal.
Garad dalj. Discharge from a sore,
other than pus.
Garao. To wither and die, melt away,
to rot off, as the toes and fingers
of a leper.
Cot khon garao oabaena. It has withered and
died from the top.
A?i utarlo aphorlefire ho, sanam garaoona. Wo
sowed much seed, but it has all withered
and dropt off.
Garbar. Higgledy piggledy, confused.
Garbarao. To confuse, to mix, to put
into disorder. C£ gadbadao.
Garbha gojha. A small forest tree^
Ganthium didymum, Roxh.
Garcha. To string hanks of thread
on two pieces of twine previous
to dyeing.
Sut9.mko garoha-ea.
Garda. Rubbish, dust.
Cot khon garda iiiirokkana. Dust is falling
from above.
Garda gardi. Forcibly, putting the
hand on the back of the neck and
pushing.
Gurda gardikin idikedea.
Garda gurda. Scrambling, rolling on
the ground one above the other.
Garda gurdakin tapamkana. They are fighting
on the ground, one now above, and then
the other.
Gardan. "1 The neck, the back of th e
Gordon. / neck.
Gardani. ■) To seize by the back of the
Gardao. / neck and push.
Sipahi kombroko gardani idikoa. Tiie police
take away thieves by seizing them by tho
back of the neck and pushing them forward.
Gared. To trifle with, to despise, to
make light of
Alope bujhijua, je noa gared katha kana. Do
not think this a matter to be trifled with,
laor alope garejea. Do not trifle with God.
Gargadi. ") Job's tears, Coix lachrynui,
Jargadi. J a grass the fruit of which
is strung into necklaces, &c.
Gargadi. A kind of blister which be-
comes a sore.
Gargadlalj. Thick, thickly, abundant.
Matkom gargadlalt jiurena, bako halaheda.
The matkom (q. v.) has fallen very thickly',
they are not picking it up.
Gargar. Sound of gurgling or bub-
bling.
Huka liui jokhee gargarko sade oooeda. When
they smoke the huka they make a bubbling
noise.
Gargar. C£ gargarao.
Gargarak. A huka (q. v.) with a long
flexible tube.
Gargarao. To cause a gurgling bub-
bling sound ; to gargle.
KoyoKkate dak gargaraome.
Eel ga(Ji gargarao oalalikana. The railway
train goes rumbling along.
Gargarao
t 181 1
Gai'luii
Gargarao. To roll, as a ball ; to trundle,
to revolve, as a cart wheel in
motion.
Gargarao aygonlsana. It eomea rolling down.
Gargarao. \To hiss, as oil poured into a
Gargar. / hot iron vessel ; to rumble,
as thunder or as a river in flood.
Nui gidrg, arisge gargaro raKeda.
DHpan gargaraoena.
Diiip9.u gargaraope.
Gargarao. To take a deep hold of the
earth, as in deep ploughing.
CedaK ota gargaraoakin kauam ?
Gargal Causing itchiness, irritating,
stinging, burning, bitter, of the
throat.
Sarn jomlcro garga£ atkaroKa. When tho e^ru
(q. V.) is eaten it irritates the throat.
Berel ul mundhni roaK rasa gargat'a.
Gar ghuri. Emergency, time of diffi-
culty.
G9.r ghuriye goroadilia. He helped me in my
time of diiSoiilty.
KShor.}^°^°'^ «f P""-^'^^-
Pusiko gargorko sa(Je ocoea. Cats make a
purring sound.
m ■ i, '■ f To fence round securely.
Gar gurhe. J •'
Gargurha pon kondteko eseda. They fence it se-
curely on the four sides (all round.)
Garh. A fort ; residence of a Zemindar.
Garha. A hole, a pit, a hollow, bed of
a water course.
Garha. \
Garho.J
SiyS'lii adi garhaUa setohte. The ink becomes
thick owing to tho heat.
Garha gurhe. To roll up, or gather
together, as twine, cloth, &c.
Garha gnrhe aamtaome. Iloll it up into a
round ball.
Garha gorho. Full of holes or pits,
Scottice, heichs an' howes.
Noa hor do garha gorhogea. This road is full of
ups apd downs.
Garhao. To make, to fashion, to carve ;
to take shape ; as the foetus in
the womb, or a bird &c. in the egg
with incubation.
Onko murhut base garhaoaka£koa. He has
fashioned the idols very well.
Kuhkal bhajanko garhaoa. Potters make ves-
sels.
' Eele bhitrire hoponko garhaoena. The chicks
have taken shape within the egg.
Thick.
Gaj'haoena bele do. The chick has begun to
take shape within this egg.
Dhorom Jiu hototeye garhaolon.
Garhani. Chronic dysentery.
Gari.'}^_'"°^'^^y-
Sakam gari. A small species of monkey.
Gari. To push from or towards, as a
fish net with a handle, to di-aw
towards, as with a rake.
Hako garikom. Catch fish by means of a net
with a handle.
GaKriaK. A rake or any implement similarly
used.
Garia. In comp. pussoasod of; doer
or agent.
Budgarig-, Wise.
Bal-garig.. Strong.
Pahgaria. Envious.
Eojgaria. One who provides for daily wants.
Garib. Poor.
Guni garib, Poor people.
Garib mara, ") To cheat, to kill the
Gurib mara. J poor, oppress.
Porja g9.rib maraefkoae nui maAjhi do. This
head man oppresses tho ryots.
Bariako adi horko garib maraetkoa. Banias
cheat people very much.
Mahajan hoko g9.rib maraetkoa. Money len-
ders take advantage of people.
Garja barja. To call for assistance
while howling through pain or
fear.
Nonkate garja barjae raK idikoda.
Garja barjaateyo liir hecena. He came run-
ning calling out for help.
Garja garji- To howl.
Garja garjie rak idikeda, He went away
howUng.
Garjao. To growl, to hov/1, to weep.
Kul adiye garjaoet tahekana. The tiger was
growling fiercely.
Dal garjao oeokedea. They struck and made
him howl.
Garke. Cf gandke.
Garkugar. Strait, difficulty, emergency.
Adi garkugg.rreii paraoena. 1 am in a diifioult
position at present.
Garlae. Fair, with a tinge of red, not
unlike the hue of a Chinaman.
Onko doko garlae gea.
Garlan gurlun. Dirty, untidy.
Garlah gurluhe lieloKkana. He looks dirty.
Garlun. Dirty, insufficiently clad and
dirty.
Nui garluii mara 9.imai. This dirty drab.
Gaymak
[ 182 ]
Gasen"
Garmalc. 1 Difference in dia-
Garmali garmaU. Y lect, in pronoun-
Garma^. j ciation, accent &c.
Koles, Mahlis, Kodaa, Birhors, Kamars, &o.
speak a dialect of Santall and their mode
of speaking, with differences in grammatical
construction,, pronoimoiation, and accent
are termed by the Sairtals " garmaR. "
Kolheko do gajmaK gajmalfko rora. The
Koles speak Santali with a twang.
Garma gar mi. To become: heated^ to
perspire thremgh exertion.
4<Ji garma gaTmiko k?.mikana. They are per-
spiring greatly at, their work^
Garmao. To become heated, to per-
spire, to' warm to- one's' work, to
exert oneself, to wake up-, as a
lazy man to work.
Nitle garinaoakadea. Nowwe have wake Jhim
up to his work.
Bali gammo- dafeaekana. I can't make him
exert himself.
Merhe^J setofrte garmaoKa, Iron becomes heat-
ed with the sun's rays;
.Garmi. Gonorrhoea, or any urethral
discharge.
Gar munnu. A sub sept of the San-
tal sept Murmu (q,. v.)'
Garo. Eleven.
Garoc gapo^. "l Scantily clad in old
Garoc saro6. ) tattered garments.
Nui do garoo gapode heoakana. She has come
scantily clad in old tattered clothes.
Garosti. Household, family.
Mit garoeti hor kanako. They belong to- the
same household.
Garpac gurpuc. To dodge about, to
hang about at a little distance
through shame.
Lajaote garpac gurpuc baraekana. She is
keeping at a little distance through shame.
Garpuc. Cf gapuc.
Ut hoko garpudgea.
Hadgarko gappucgea.
Garra gorro. Hoarse, as when the
throat becomes dry through fear.
Garra gorroe hohoet'kana. He is calling hoar-
sely.
Garsa gale. To become tarnished,
draggled, smirched, soiled ; dowdy;
careless as to propriety.
EaK raUteii garsa galeena. I am become tar-
nished by continued weeping.
Garsa galeye gitidakana.
Garsande. A stand for water pots.
Gorsor.' } J^^ergency, difficulty.
Nui ijahra do garsare khuIauKa. This bullock
will see ua through an emergency.
Jahaeye g?.rsairkhan uniye emaea. Should any
one be in difficulty he will help him.
Garsaj dohokatiAme. See me through my diffi-
culty .
Garsilom. Dirty, impure, as water ;
scum, as on water ; indistinctly,
hazy.-
Noa daK- do garsilomi ileloKkaua baboll iluia.
This water looks impure we will not drink
it.
Garsilom geye_beiigeda.^ He sees indistinctly.
Garsilom garsilomge lienelkana ?.rsi b9.ridente.
The image is indistinctly-seen owing to the
mirror being injured.
Garsilom ieloKkanae. He looks dirty.
Garsusar. Difficulty, emergency; neces-
sity.
Garsusar calax). > Tt> render assistance in a
Garsusar doho. j time of difficulty or
emergence.
Nui do garsusare calaoeftiiia uin din.do. This
man has up till now seen me through my
difficulties.
Garui tapui. Hanging down in tatters
or shreds.
Garui {apuiye bandeakana. The lower edge
of her cloth is ragged,
-flidi jholakana gairui tapui. The soot is. hanging
in straggling masses.
Garundi araE. A common plant found
plentifully in rice fields, Acter-
nanthera sessilis, H. Br.
Garur. The Adjutant bird, Ardea
argala.
riutea are made from the bonea of the lower
part of the leg of the garur. The feathers
of the Adjutant are considered a powerful
remedy in the cure of snake bite. The name
of the bird uttei-od as a charm and the
waving over the patient of one of its fea-
thers is also resorted to in snake bite.
Tiie Adjutant being one of the greatest enem-
ies that snakes have to fear has given rise
to the idea that its name and feathers are
potent in the cure of snake bite.
Dheiika garnr. A species of stork smaller
than the garxir.
Gasac gusuc. Solitary, of solitary
habits, reserved, silent;
Gasad gusudgeae. He is reserved and of soli-
tary habits.
Gasao.
Ghaso.
Gasao saphaakadeae. He has scrubbed him
clean.
Nonkateye gasao idikedida.
me in this way.
Gasen.
u
To rub, to scrub.
He rubbed past
Ghasen.} Amidst, amongst.
Adi hor gasen nui hor do bae sahaoa. This man
can't bear the presence of many people.
Hor gasenre tahengo besa. It is best to live
along with other people.
Gasgas
[ 183 ]
GaWid
Gasgas. Many, very many, applied
' generally to diminutive creatures.
Simko busaKalcana gassas. Many ohiokens
have liatohed.
Gasgas gidrako jaoraakana. Many children are
assembled.
Gasi6. To make or pass wind.
Gaske. The wrapping, in which tlie
material, from which oil is to press-
ed, is wrapt up, previous to being
put in the oil press; a scrubber
for buffaloes.
The " gaske" is made of baolcom (q. v.) or the
leaf of the palmyra palm ont into very thin
strips. The material to be pressed is wrapt
up in this and bound tightly round with
string.
Gasmandao. jTo bruise, to break into
Ghasmandao. 3 small pieces, to disorder
or break into small pieces by tram-
pling, rolling, or sitting on.
NoKoe non(Jeko duruplena nokoe nonijeko gas-
manijaoakat'a. They sat here, here they
have left their mark,
Lobe^ gasmandao. To mix up or disorder by
trampling.
Durup gasmandao. To disorder by sitting on.
Dal gasmandao. To beat into small pieces.
Gasrao. 7 To drag or push along the
Ghasrao. J ground, to rub against any-
thing.
Jahga gasrao idiedae. He drags his feet along
the ground.
Bhitre gasrao potaKenae. He has got himself
chafed by rubbing against the wall.
Durupkate gasrao calaKako. They drag them-
selves along in a sitting posture.
Gat. A knot, a nob, a node.
Tol gatkadae, bah rara godoRkana. He has
knotted it, it does not easily loose.
Gat. Branchings from the root of
sasan. Curcuma longa, Roxb.,
Turmeric or Haldi.
Pe gat saaah emakom. Give them three bran-
ches of the root of turmeric.
Gata. A small stream or watercourse.
Gatae. ") An itching or irritating
Gatae gatae. J sensation in the throat,
or month.
Kholcte gatae gatae atkaredali. When I cough
I feel an irritating sensation in the throat.
Gatagam. Perfectly still, hushed.
Gatagamko thirena. They were hushed into
silence.
Gatagamenako. They are perfectly still.
Gatao."! To begin, to start, to deliver,
"Gotao. J or make over to, to accept, to
acknowledge.
Nia kamid gotaoena, I have begun this work.
Uni hor theno gataoena. Ho has begun to work
for that man.
Gataokadeako. They have made her over to
them.
Gatao. \ To plait, to set bricks or
Gathao.J stones in mortar to accept,
to take.
Olonte gathaoabai; bhit. A wall built with the
aid of a plummet.
Ill do gota ato ren g»i gupi ill gataoakawana.
I have taken the work of grazing all the
cows of the village.
Ill do noa k^miri gatao johkaua. I wish to get
this work.
Ma noa kami do jahae then gathaokam. Ar-
^ range with some one to do this work.
Aotege noa kathae gathaoakawana. Ho took
the matter up on his own responsibility.
B?.hu jor bojorko gataoadea. They compelled
him to marry.
Gate. A companion, a friend, to keep
company, to be friendly.
Eako gateletmea. They did not make a com-
panion of you (did not take you with them.)
Gate idilem. Take ns with yon.
Nukin 9(Jikin gateka. These two are close com-
panions.
Gate kora. Boy companion, boy companions.
Gate kuri. Girl companion, girl companions.
Gate ora uri. In company, along with
companions.
Okoe ba(Jae dhej ooe bacoe, gate ora uriye
calaoena. Who knows whether he will be
able or not, he has gone off with his com-
panions (to seek work.)
Gathia. \ Short of stature and of
Bajar gathia. J youthful appearance.
Gathia J ^""^^t^y) ^^ ^ piece of wood.
Aiji gathiagea noa kat do. This log is full of
knots.
Gati. Nodular limestone.
Gati cun. Lime made from nodular
limestone.
Gawao. To lose. Of khuau.
Aotege jiwiye gawaoket'taea. He took his own
life.
Gawao. To know, to be familiar with.
Ni^kore aboko sanambo gawaoaka£a. We are
familiar with all round about here.
GSwaJ.'}^"""^^"^''*^?^^-
Adim gawargea am do. Ton are very stupid.
Gawar gawar.l Tangled, hanging in a
Giwer gawar. J tangle, trailing, hanging.
Gawic. To beckon by drawing the
points of the fingers to oneself.
Gawidadeae. He beckoned to him.
Gawi6 godalc
[ 184 ] :
Gejecgejec
Gawic godali. To nudge or touch ano-
ther ; to playfully touch each other.
Gawio goiJaK baraekanae. He is nudging the
others all round.
Gaya. A capon.
Gaya ganga. To perform the last rites
for the dead.
Gayam gayam. Sensation caused by an
insect, &c. crawling on the person ;
irritating sensation in the throat.
Gayam gayam aik^iuKa. I feel an irritating
sensation in the throat.
Gayan guyun. Restless, slinking here
and there, as a dog putting its
nose into every thing.
Seta gayah gnyuh baraekana. The dog goes
sniffing about.
Gayar guyur. One after the other,
one to foUov/ another.
Hanko tora odolc calaoenako ehga hopon gayar
guyur. Yonder they have set-out, the mo-
ther and the children following one after
the other.
Gaye ghore. Within ourselves, among
the villagers, privately.
Gaye ghorebon cabalekhan beskoKa. If we
settle this among ourselves it will be well.
Gayo gapo. Feckless, fusionless, list-
less.
Balea do gayo gapo baraegeae.
Gayuk. To touch with the point, as
of a sword.
GayuK tiyoKkediiiam, nelSe mayam. You touch-
ed me, see the blood.
GjyuKkedcam. You touched him, (with the
point of your sword.)
Gayum. To finish, all, the whole,
stump and rump.
Gayume jomkeda. He ate it all up.
Ggtyum cabakedae. He finished the whole.
Gayur gapur. Poor, badly clad, clad
in rags. C£ gandur gapur.
Gayur tapur. Hanging in tatters or
shreds, as ragged cloth, or as
thatch from the roof Cf garui
tapui.
p?' |- In comp. emphatic.
Onko do bah nokoge. Not they but these.
Calalisoan, 1 shall certainly go.
Unigeye dalkedea. It was he who struck him.
Unige tho. It was even he.
Calal<ge bah sanaedekaua. He does not wish
to go.
Bologo bae boloKa. He will not go in.
He ge. It is even so, certainly.
He ge con ? Is it not so p
Gee. To scrape out, to scrape off.
Geo geoteii jomkeda. I scraped it ofl and ate
as I did so.
Gee gayum. Scrapings and all, the
whole, every particle.
Geo gayume idikeda. It (water) carried away
every particle (of the embankment.)
Gee gaiyume jomkeda. He ate every thing,
scrapings and all.
Gee gayup. Cf gee gayum.
Gee gxu-ic. To smear the floor, or a
spot of ground with cow dung. ,
Oral? gee guriokateko bohgaKa. They smear
the floor with cow dung, and then offer
sacrifice.
Ge|a. M. | gj^ort, stunted, undersized.
Gidi. i. 3
Geija dahra. An undersized ox.
Ge^a hor. A little man.
Gidi aimai. A little woman.
Gede. A duck.
Ge^ra. M. J g^^jj ^^ ^^^^^^.^^
Gidri. 1. 3
Nui gidri mara aimai adi eligerae.
Gedok. Short, undersized.
GedoK mara hor.
Gege teren. A species of insect that
moves in crowds.
Gegran. Cf geran.
Gehgt gehgt. Hoarsely, speaking from
the throat.
GeheC gehet'e rora. He speaks hoarsely.
Gehgt. ">Slow of speech, slow
Gehgt'gehgli. J and mild of speech,
and reserved.
SenadiJiae, a^i geheC hor kanae. He came to
me, he is very reserved, and slow and mild
hi speech.
Gehgt gundur. Speaking continually.
GeheC gundure eKgerkana. She keeps nagging
the whole day.
Geje pete. Heads and tails, topsy
turvey, as fish in a basket; crammed
in.
Aema geje petem sambaoaka^koa. You have
filled them in topsy turvey.
• Sanamko mit oraKre menaKlea geje pe^e, hor,
kada, mihu merom. We are all in the same
house, people, buffaloes and cattle topsy
turvey.
_ J , ? J ," !■ Wet, damp, moist.
Jegecjegec. J ^
Balbaltegejeogejeo atkaroKkana. It feels damp
owing to perspiration.
OraK gejed gejed jarkaoentalea. Our house is
damp through the soil being water-logged.
Oejei-
[ 185 1
tieiied genoi
Gujer. To break, crush, or smash into
atoms.
Oejer cabaena. It is crushed to pieoas.
Dal gejer. To break into pieces by striking.
Lebot gejer. To trample to pieces.
Nur gejer. To break into pieces by falling.
Capat gejer. To thow at and break into pieces.
Tuti gejer. To break to pieces, as by hailstones.
SoboK gejer. To break to pieces by a thrust.
Kutam gejer. To break to pieces by blows, as
from a hammer.
Tili gejer. To break to pieces by throwing
stones at.
Gejet. Cor. of Gazette ; a newspaper.
Gel. Ten.
Gel mit. Eleven.
Gel barea. Twelve.
Gel pea. Thirteen.
Gel ponea. Fourteen.
Gel more. Fifteen.
Gel turui. Sixteen.
Gel eyae. Seventeen.
Gel irgil. Eighteen.
Gel are. Nineteen.
Pe gel. Thirty.
Pon gel. Forty.
More gel. Fifty.
Turui gel. Sixty.
Eyae gel. Seventy.
Iral gel. Eighty.
Are gel. Ninety.
Gel khon pea. Thirteen.
Gela. To try, to attempt.
Jom gelaK. To taste by eating.
Dec gelaK. To try to mount, or climb.
Capaf gelaK. To try to hit by throwing at.
Sen gelaK. To go and try.
iSam gelaK. To try to find, to search for.
Don gelal?. To try to jump across.
Koe gelaK. To ask to see if it can be had.
ifju gelaK. To taste by drinking.
Em gelaK. To offer.
Sereii gelaK. To try to sing a tune.
Get' gelaK. To try to learn.
Gele. An ear of grain, as of rice, wheat
&c ; to form, as ear of grain ; to
flower, applied only to Indian corn
and the Matkom tree (d. v.)
Gele beleR. To ripen.
Horo gele. An ear of rice.
Gohum gele. An ear of wheat.
Bar gele gidra ehgat. Mother of two children.
Nes do matkom bail gelelena. The matkom
(q. V.) did not flower this year.
Horo gele liwef ena. The ears of rice are bent.
Horo neKe geleRa. The rice is about to shoot
into ear.
Gele bale. Ripe grain, children.
Nukin do gele bale banuKkotakina. These
two have no children.
Gele bale tioKena, ohoA senlena. I cannot go
as the grain.is ripe.
Gelec. To scratch in earth, as a bear,
&c, &c.; to excavate, as a tank.
Gelec bhugaK. To scratch a hole.
Geled gada. To scratch out a hollow.
Seta doe geled ga4aaka£a. A dog has scratched
out the hollow.
Gi'ineA gemen. Softly, gently, steadily.
DaK atnKkana gemo<i gemeii. The water flow^
gently.
Gcnior. To carry, to take away.
Men, besokodte Badakar paromoKpe, bankhane
gemorpea. Gross the Barakar river with
caution, or else you may be carried away
by it.
Gemerkedeako. They took him away.
Guricko gemera. They carry away the manure
(to the field.)
Nonde sahaniri doholeda, okoe cohko gemerkeC-
tiila. I placed firewood here some one has
taken it away.
Gend. A ball.
Gendher. To move while in a sitting
posture the hands being employed
to propel the body; to run, to
scuttle, applied to birds of weak
flight, as the peacock, partridge,
quail, &c. that after a short flight
run ; to change residence.
Gen(Jher gen(Jhertegeye oalaKkana. He is
moving along in a sitting posture propell-
ing himself with his hands.
Genijherte adisaiigilSteyed9.rkedacitrido. The
partridge ran a long way after its flight.
Non(Jo khon hanteye geniilher ocoKena. He has
moved his house from here to over there.
Gendlan. A species of small fish.
Gcndlan. Small.
Gendlaii aim. A chicken.
Nui gendlan do ceijpe asen baraedekana? Why
are you carrying this little child about
with you P
Gendrak. A rag; cloth.
Hapele gendrak baralenge. Wait till we make
(or procure) some cloth.
Gendrali cethrak. Rags, tattered gar-
ments.
Gendrec. A rag, a piece of old cloth.
Gendreo em daporaeme. Give her a piece of
old cloth and let her go.
Genduar. ) . r v ^--u a
p- j ,', f A slmg tor throwmg stones.
Genec genec. Natty, neat, trim, pretty
and little.
Noko merom hoponko lieloKkana geneo genec.
These kids are pretty little things.
A(Ji besem oleda gened gened fieloKkana. Tou
write very well, it looks neat.
Genec genec. Numerous, applied to
children, and the young of goats,
sheep, &c.; applied also to the
movement of insects having many
feet, as centipedes, &c.
Gened gened merom hopon menalfkoa.
Gegetereli gened genedko calaKa.
24
Gene gene
[ 186 ]
<3hai
Uene gene. 1 With a nasal twang,
Ghene ghene. J through the nose, us-
ed only with " ror" to speak.
Gene geneye rora. He speaka through his nose
(with a nasal twang.)
Gengahi. To turn towards the right,
to pass round at a distance.
Gehgahiteye paromena.
Dali gehj^ahite paromena hinbatege. The rain
passed over in that direction.
Gengahite ^curo'Eme. Turn to the right.
Genjlan. Small. Cf. gendlan.
Genjor. Small, young.
Eken ge/ijorko heaakana, onko Bohge do cet'era
galmaraoa ? Only young people have come,
what talk can you have with them P
Ce^lekankom aapkeCkoa? eken geiijor ho. What
kind have you caught ? they are only small
fry.
Genthe. Knotty,
Genthegea oho hoelena. It is knotty (wood) it
will not do.
Geper. Reciprocal form of ger (cj. v.)
Ape do siA satup gepertegepe tahena. You
keep biting each other the whole day (quar-
relling.)
Ger. To bite.
Ger bit ( '^° take a firm hold with the teeth.
Ger bit'cnae, bae chadaoKkana. He has taken
so firm a hold with bis teeth that he can't be
mads to let go.
Ger goukedeae. He bit and killed him.
Ger oree. To tear with the teeth.
Ger mayamkedeae. He bit him and drew blood.
•Geran. To groan.
Geranedae. He groans.
Geran hurun.lTo groan, moan, bewail ;
<3eraa haruii. J piteously.
Geraii huruii rua baralfkanalo, ohole kami
darelea. We are suffering grievously from
fever, we will not be able to do our work.
Geran hurune rakeda. He is groaning and
weeping.
Gerec gerec. Unfolding, as a leaf from
the bud, applied generally to lea-
ves which are used as pot-herbs.
Siii araE gerec gerec aagenokkana. The leaves
of the Sil5 araK (q. v.) are unfolding from
the bud.
Gereyom.lSmooth, to smooth down,
Geryom. j as the hair.
Up do nalcid gereyomme. Comb your hair
smooth.
■Geyeyom rielokkantaea.
Jal gereyouikedeae. She licked it smooth (a
cow her calf.)
Gersan girsiri. To keep out of the way,
to loaf about where there is no
fear of getting any work to do.
K9i.mi botorte gersaii girsiii baraekanae.
Gerwel. A ring round the underside
of the neck, said of birds such
as the Ring dove, the Quail, &c.
Gundri doko gerwelana. Quails have a ring
round the neck.
Geser geser. Quickly, rapidly.
Gesermente. ) ^y^tj, ^ .^gh.
Geser marte. j
Sukri geser marte bed goCenae. The 'boar
came with a rush.
Gestahi. Slovenly, of dirty habit.s.
Nui gestahi mara hor dale h5 bail jutauaea.
Get To cut.
Gei kutra. To cut into pieces.
Gef gidi.' To cutoff.
Sukriko gedekana. They are cutting up the
carcase of a pig.
Noa ho gedoKa. This will also be cut.
Tolop khon barea ^akako getket'tilia. Two
rupees were cut from my pay.
Up get gidikataeme. Cut off his hair.
Geget'aK bauulianaii. There is no cutting
instrument.
Getgete. In a line.
Getgeteko tehgoakana.
line.
Getg-eteko panteakana.
one side.
They are standing in a
They are in a line on
Gethia. Cf. gathia.
Gewel'gewel. }'^^ ^^"^™' as leeches.
Gewel marteri iSel gotkedea. I caught a glimpse
of him.
Ghac ghacao. To drag, to force to go.
Or ghacghacaokedeako. They dragged him
away.
Ghac ghaoaokedeako. They dragged hira along.
Eohoe ghacghacaokedae. He has finished bis
(rice) planting.
^1 ^' ■ >- Close together, thick.
Uhacpacao. J '^
Ghacpacaokedako horo do. They planted the
dhan thickly.
Ghae ghae. 1 rte , _• , ^.
Ghaeihocor.jCf-g^^^^g^'^^-
Ghag. Centre of a river or tank,
p ° ■ >• A brass water pot.
Ghagor. Shrewd, smart, scheming.
Uni do aiji ghagor hor kanae. He is a very
scheming person.
Ghai. Opportunity, convenient time
or place, at a disadvantage.
Ghairem taraRlenkhan onte note sukri ar kulko
hoko ai'gona. If you lie in ambush at a
convenient place pigs and tigers also will
come from all sides.
Ghai ghai
[ 187 ]
Ghanti
Ghai ghai. ]
Ghao ghao. J-To snarl, as a dog,
GhUe ghae. J
Ghai ghaiyoKkanae, seta do. Tho dog is snar-
ling.
Ghai. To wound, to subdue.
Ghalghalao. To mortify, to spread as
a malignant sore, to waste, as
tissue.
Get; batoi^ ooe jomkeiS arh? ghai ghalaoentaea.
What has he eaten that has disagreed with
him, to make his sore increase ?
Bhitri imboro ghai ghalaoentaea. His lungs
have wasted away.
GhaloK^. \ Including, reckoning, enu-
Ghalolbe. J merating.
Ni» ghaloKte doe pe tekharkeda. Including
this he did it thrice.
Ghama ghami. Perspiring, sweating.
Ghama ghjmili kgimikana. I am working in
perspiration.
Ghamand. Worry, multiplicity of
things to attend to.
^di ghamandre menaRkoa. They are in a state
of worry.
4di ghamandred paraoakana. I have many
things to attend to.
Ghamao. To exert oneself; to cause
to exert oneself ; to stir one up.
Euhedereho bae ghamaoTfa. Although you
scold him be won't exert himself.
Mi6 bar kathate bae ghamaoKa. A word or two
makes no impression on him.
Abo ohobon ghamao darelea. We cannot cause
him to exert himself.
Nui doe ghamao godoKa. This one is easily
induced to erert himself.
Ghamaota. Labour, exertion, toil.
AoaK ghamf-ctateye cijakaEa. He has become
possessed of property by his own labour.
Ghamrokot.\To toil, to labour, to labour
Dhamrokot.j and toil.
Adi ghamrokotte noa jaegali banaoakafa. I
reclaimed this land with great labour.
Ghane ghane. Repeatedly, time after
time ; every now and again.
Ghane ghane dakae khojkana. He is always
asking for food.
Ghane ghane iii thenem hijuKkana. You come
to me time after time.
Ghan ghun. Indistinct in speech,
nasal twang. C£ gangun.
Ghau ghuhe roreda, nak^a hor do.
Ghane doe sereiia, ghane doe raga. She sings
and weepi alternately.
Ghanra. A cultivated leguminous plant,
Vigna Gatiwiig.
Bocja ghanra. ■)
Pah ghanra. > Varieties of Vigna Catiang,
Cihri ghaiira. )
Ghanri. A variety of Vig^ia Catiang
C£ ghanra.
Tliis variety ripens in August-September.
Ghangri. A loosely woven cloth, thin,
as cloth.
Ghangri. A skirt worn by little girls.
Ghani. The amount of rice put into
the dheiiki at one time; the
amount of raw material put at
one time into an oil press ; the
amount of gi'ain put on the fire at
one time to roast.
Ghani. An oil press as used by Hindu
oilnion.
Ghania. Perversely silent, perverse.
Uni do ghania, hor kanae. He is a perverse
fellow .
laiija ghaiiji. 1
laiija ghuDJuj
Crowded, to be crow-
ded, over crowded.
Pher raerom aderleko khanko ghalija gh^nji'-
ako. If too many goats are kept in one
house there will be over crowding.
4-diko ghafija ghaAjigea, obobon bolo darelena.
Wo will not be able to enter, the crowd is
so dense.
Ghaiijer. Of. ganjer.
Ghanjlon.") To bag in the centre, as
GhaDJua. J a woven mattress; to
hang loosely as the wrappings of a
bandi (q. v.) when the grain has
been abstracted.
Jom ghalijloiikedale noa bg-ndi do. We have
eaten tho bandi loose.
Parkomreali uphand dhillenkhanpavkom ghaA-
jualia. If the bracing of the mattress be-
comes loose tho mattress will bag in th^
middle.
Glianta. An hour, a large bell.
Ghanta. To stir ; to row with an oar.
OgoKa, ghautae me. It will stick to the pot,
stir it.
Ghanta algaome, Mix it by stirring (the heavy
part with the liquid.)
Ghanta ghanti. To sbir about, to swirl,
as water.
Bae saphgiieda, ghanta ghanfiefbona. He does
not settle it, he keeps us going and coming.
Ghanti. A small bell.
Bohga gh9.nti. A small bell tied round the
nook of a bullock.
Ghao
[ 188 ]
Ghas
Ghao. A wound, a sore ; to become a
sore.
GhawoLj It will break into a sore.
Dal ghaokedeae. He struck and wounded him.
Ghao. A cut or stroke with the
broad sword or cudgel of which
there are twelve.
Behor ghao. A difficult stroke.
Dao ghao. Opportunity.
Qhao ghao. To snarl, as a dog.
Ghao jogao. To protect oneself, as,
with a shield.
Ghause. To coax, to induce, to cajole,
to entice, to persuade.
Ghaose calaoeiiaa. He was cajoled into goin^.
Nui do okakore coiie ghaose liawana.
Ghaoae idikedeako. They coaxed him away.
Ghawar. ) To fence, as croj^s,
Paean ghawar. j &c. ; to fence in
argument.
Ghawarakrae. Fence it.
Paean ghawar. A fence erected to prevent
hares escaping when being driven to the
nets.
Delabou paean ghawara.
Ghar. Strait, difficulty ; a vital spot ;
at a disadvantage.
Gharreli liammea. I shall get you at a disadvan-
tage sometime.
Khub ghaiTeli tuliledea, I shot it in a very
vital spot.
Ghara gharl. Sickening, strong and
offensive, used only of smells.
Ghara ghari aokkana. It emits a sickening
smell.
Gharaia. Belonging to one household
or family.
Gharana. Household; members of the
house.
Gbaranako besgeako, sebaii? Are the members
of the household well, or not?
Bhage gharana ren hopon kanae. She is a.
member of a well-to-do (or good) family.
Ghardidi. A small Tailor bird, Ortho-
tomus sutorius.
Ghardi jawae.lA son-in-law who goes
Ghar jawae. j at his marriage to
live in his father-in-law's house.
Ghargharaia. ") To unite two
Ghar gharaia jorao. J families by
marriage.
Okakore gh?.r ghgiraia menaUtapea? Where
are the families with which you are united
by marriage ?
Ninalf kora ninak knri ghar gharaiaA jorao-
aka£a.
Ghargharao. To roll, as a ball ; to
revolve, as a wheel, or as a spindle ;
to whir.
Gharriko ghargharaoa.
Ghar ghari. A pulley wheel.
Ghar gharia. A very steep incline,
steep ; slipping, rolling.
Sagar gaclido ghar ghari?, theo besokootepa-
rompe. Take the cart carefully down the
incline.
Ghar gusti. Household, family ; all
the members of the household or
family.
Ghar gustiko gooena. The family has died (with
one or two exceptions.)
Ghargustiko rualikana. The whole family is ill.
Ghari. A space of time ; a time piece .
MitJ g:hari. A moment, a very short space of
time, a little while.
Mit; gharito. Instantly, in a moment, without
delay.
Iti ghari. This moment, instantly.
Jeb ghari. A watch.
Dhorom ghari. A clock that strikes the hours.
Hape, mil; ghari. Wait a minute.
Mit ghariteye hedeua. He came in a very
short time.
Iti gharite haute idiepe. Take him over there
instantly.
Gharic. C£ ghari.
Gharmao. Cf. garmao.
Gharna. Mistress of the house, a wife.
Gharnai. A raft supported on empty
earthenware waterpots.
r\\ /•• >- Household, family.
Gharonji J ' •'
Gharra. An instrument for boring used
principally to bore holes in arrow
shafts to admit the arrow heads ; to
bore holes.
Gharrateko bhugaUkeda. It was bored by means
of a " gharra. "
Seiigel gharrateko toda. They produce fire by
friction.
Gharri. A machine for twisting twine.
Young men do not make the holes in the machine
in which the spindles work, as it is thought
they will thereafter be subject to dizzi-
ness. Old men do the work.
Gharwa. The sparrow. Passer Indi-
cus.
Ghas. Grass, all the smaller species
of GyperaceoB, as well as nearly all
Graiiiineas are called " ghas."
Dhobi glias.
Sanri ghas.
Sama ghas.
Ghasa ghasi
[ 189 ]
Ghati
Ghasa ghasi. Rubbing one against the
other, as people in a crowd.
Ghasao. To rub, to scrape.
Th9.ri ghaaao saphaepe. Scrub the "th?iri"
clean.
Cot ootfce tul parompe, alope ghaaao ocoea.
Lift it well over the top, do not let it rub
against it (in passing over.)
Ghasar. "j _ ,
Ghasar ghasar. /^° '■^^' *° ^^i"*^?"^-
Ghasar ghasare gg.duroKkaua. He is scratching
himself with considerable force.
Ghasar ghasar saijekana. There is a scraping
(or scratching) sound.
Ghasen. Among, in the midst of. Cf.
gasen.
Ghaser. ") Anything and everything,
Har ghaser. / all kinds of people or
things, indiscriminately.
H^rghasere jomkeda onateye ruaena. He was
not careful as to what ho ate, and so took
fever.
Paiira aralSkate har ghaserko atiila. When
the bullocks are loosed from the yoke they
eat everything.
H?-r ghasere idike^koa. He took away all
kinds (of people.)
Ghasi. A caste of Hindu shoemakers
and hide curers.
Ghasiara. A grass cutter.
Ghasic. To break wind.
Ghasghasao. To rub or slide along in
a sitting posture, as down a steep
rock, or as the wheels of a break
van when the break is put on.
Ghasghasao argoenae. He slid down in a sitting
posture.
Ghaskao. To push or move along the
ground, to drag along the ground.
GhaskaoKae. He will push himself along the
ground.
Ghaskao. To skulk off, from work, etc.
Ghasmandao. Cf gasmandao.
Gharao. To drag or push along the
ground.
Ghat. A way down to a river, tan k
or spring of water ; a ford, a ferry ;
a difficult pass through hills ; a
narrow way of access from one
place to another ; opportunity,
way of exit.
Phoiiga ghat. The place where the dhohga (a
dug-out) plies to ferry passengers across
the river.
Dalf lo ghat. The way by which water is brought
up from a river, tank or spring.
Laha ghatre jelko paromolfa, onde tayaKpe.
The doer will cross at the crossing farther
ahead, lie in wait there.
More ghat khonle sap aguakafimea.
Ghate liam baraeda. He is looking for an oppor-
tunity (or way.)
Ghat banuKtilia. I have no resource.
Ghat. Fault, crime, sin.
AmaK iri ghg,takat'a. I have sinned against
thee.
Gh^t gungi. Faults, short-comings, crimes.
Ghatac ghutuc.\ Many ascents and
Ghata ghutu. j descents, as at un-
bridged rivers, &c.
Ghatal barhal. Decrease and increase,
more or less.
Ghatal sanj. Food exhausted, emer-
gency, as when food is done and
more can't be bought till the
market day.
Ghatal sa^jle hedakana. We have come when
there is no food.
Ghatal sadjre kami ema. It will be of use in
an emergency.
Ghatamar. Furiously, a highwayman.
Ghatam9.rkin tapamkana. They aro fighting
fucioualy.
Ghatao. To diminish, to become
less, to lessen, to decrease.
Ghatao liinda. 1 a. ra,
Kulko ghatao idiKkana. Tigers are decreasing
in number.
Dare ghataoentaea. His strength is diminished.
Ghatdar. A person in charge of a toll,
or a way by which timber, &c.
are taken from a forest.
Ghate ghat. At each pass, or way of
exit.
Ghate ghat hor monalckoa. There are men at
each pass.
Kombroko ghate trhatko ese(:koa. They
close all the passes against the robbers.
Ghatghatao. To aim, design ; to be
ready, as raising a stick ready to
strike.
Ghat ghut. Rough; with many unbridg-
ed rivers.
Ghati. A fault, a shortcoming ; to
commit a fault, or sin.
AmaKifi ghatiakat'a. I am guilty of a fault
against thee.
Gh9.ti hor. A person who has committed a
fault.
Ghati. Wily.
AJi gh?.tie baijaea. He is very wily.
Ghati
[ 190
Ghi kuar
Ghati. Deficiency, diminution, abate-
ment, loss, decrease.
A(^i ghatiko emoK kana. They give short (weight
or measure.)
Alom ghati ilia, em tiol^ailme. Do not give mo
less, give me a little more.
Ghati. The cross bars which keep a
fish trap in position.
Ghati barhi. Decrease and increase,
more or less.
Ghatra. From the side, sideways, ob-
liquely, to one side ; slanting.
Ghatrateil dal llamkedea. I hit him by a side
stroke.
Dale do ghatra ghatra hante oalaoena. The
rain has passed over to one side.
Pindhe ghatra idikettiilae dale do. The water
carried away my embankment beginning at
one end.
Ghatwal. 1 A section of the large semi-
Ghatwar. j Hinduisod aboriginal caste
of the Bhilia, who in some places
are the hereditary guardians of the
passes.
Ghauda. Many, as people ; thick, as
fruit on a tree.
Ghauda then capat go^kalcme. Throw (your
stick) where the fruit is thickest.
Adi ghauda ghauda joakana. The fruit is very
thick on the tree.
Ghaunja ghaui!iji. ") Thick, as fruit on
Ghaunjau. J a tree ; to mud-
dle or mix up ; muddled, as a state-
ment.
Giauliig. ghanliji khub joakana. The tree is
laden with fruit.
Ghanlii* gbauiijikedako katha do. They mud-
dled the matter.
Adi gbaufij^ gbaniijige buihg-uKkana. It seems
very much mixed up.
Ghece ghece. To drag, or pull when
one holds back or is unwilling to go.
Ghece gheceko or idikedea. They pulled him
away (ho holding back all the time.)
Gheje beje. Without symmetry, any-
how.
Mit' t^ee gheje bejoko durupakana. They arc
sitting together anyhow.
Gheje bejeko dohoalcat'a. They have put them
down anyhow (without order.)
GhSj mej. To confuse, to mix.
Kathako ghejmejkeda. They confused the
matter.
Gheiij meAj. To confuse, to mix up.
Kathape gheiij meiijkeda. You have confused
the matter.
p, ■ ..' (Speaking through the nose,
^n . ' ( nasal,
(lihenne. /
Gheola. Movement of the waves on
the sea shore ; ebb and flow, as of
the tide ; to carry along with when
receding, as the tide ; to cause
movement in water.
Arerem tahenkhan am hoe gheola adermea. If
you remain at the edge you will be carried
away with the receding tide.
AtuR daR do gitil ho gheola idia. Plowing
water carries .sand also along with it.
DaR alope gheola baraea, ale daRle lolege. Do
not cause a movement in the water until
we draw our water.
Gheora. A swirl in the hair on the
body of an animal or on the crown
of the head of a human being.
DaK gheora gicuroKkana. The water is swirling
round.
Ghera. A rude kind of tambourine.
This kind of tambourine is played only during
the cold weather.
Gherao. To encircle, to surround, to
hem in.
Phadko gherao ^ourkeda. The army surroun-
ded it.
Eimil gherao aourakata. The clouds have en-
circled it.
Dale do gotae gheraoalcafa. The water has
surrounded it.
Gherao eset'. To close the avenues of exit all
round.
Edreteko gheraoena. They were filled with
wrath.
Ghesa. | .
Hera ghesa. j
Amem hera ghesaakana onko tulue.
on friendly terms with them.
Ghesrok ghesroH. To move forward
when in a sitting position on the
ground. C£ gendher.
Ghestaha. Cf. gestahi.
GhSt. To tie up anything in a cloth ;
a knot on a string, &c.
Taka poesa ghetVate bale heeakana. We have
not come with money tied up in our
cloth.
Ghigrid. A species of lizard.
Ghigya. \
Ghigya ghigyi. VTo importune, to dun.
Ghjgyau. J
Ona l^giCe ghigy9,ulikaua. For that reason
he is dunning.
Ghigy* ghigyi baraekanao. Ho is importuning.
Ghi kuar. A species of cactus with a
variegated leaf, Viicca (jloriosa.
■ Friendly, familiar.
You are
Qhin
[ 191 ]
Ghotnr
Ghin. -j „. ^ ,.
Ghin ghin. jlJisgust; disgusting.
Ghin ghin ^.ikauKkana. It ia diagusting.
■Ghiria. With a swing of the arm, with
the arm stretched out, to swing
round, as one (^oes a sling.
GHiiri9.t6 A dal liarakedea . I hit him by stretch-
ing out my arm..
Ginijuar ghiriaVateko oapada. They swing
the sling round and round, and then throw
the stone.
Ghirna. Disgust.
Girni ( ^^^®' *^^ house-wife.
Ghirni menaetaea , Be bail ? Has he a wife or not ?
Ghiro ghoco. To push or pull a person
who is unwilling to go.
Ghiro ghocokediliako. They pushed and pulled
me along.
Ghitli. Short in stature, little, applied
to females only.
Ghiu chimbri. A common jungle clim-
bing plant.
Ghetma. M. ~( Short in stature, under-
Ghetmi. F. J sized.
A4i do bae usula, ghe^mageae,
Ghoce. Awry, wry, off the straight.
Ghoce hotoK. Wry neck.
Ghoce ghoeem ro8ke£ do. You have made the
hols off the straight.
Ghogo. Big, strong voiced, applied to
cocks.
Ghogo gho. The note of a big loud-
voiced cock.
Gholao. To be cloudy, sun obscured
by clouds,
A(Ji din khone gholaoaka€a. There have been
clouds about for many days.
Gholta. To lie down in the dust, as
one earnestly entreating another ;
to roll in the dust.
GholtaKkanae, ikakaeme, nia dhaobo dohoea.
He haa laid himaeK.in the dust, forgire
him, we will overlook his fault this time.
Gholta ghulti. To roll in the dust, as
children do.
Noko gidra do gholta ghulti baraekanako.
These children are rolling about in the
dust.
Gholtao. To roll or tumble about on
the ground, as a child.
Sadom ghoItaoKako otre. Horses roll them-
selves on the. ground.
Ghonghor. A hole in the ground, in a
rock, in a tree, &c.
Ghonrao. To mix by stirring; to
disintegrate ; to break down, as
by flowing water.
Pindhe ghonrao idi oabakedae, daHte. The
water di.sintegrated and carried away the
whole of the embankment.
Gurko ghohraoa. They stir the raw sugar.
Ghor. Butter milk, milk from which
butter has been taken.
GhSra. To carry a person sitting a-
stride on the shoulder.
Ma ghoraem. Come, carry him on your shoul-
der.
Gidraii ghorakedea. I carried the child sitting
astride my shoulder.
Ghora lidi. A jungle climbing plant
resembling a vine, Vitis tomen-
tosa, Heyne.
Ghorao. To mix, to mix by stirring.
Ghorao mit'. To mingle.
Ghorao. The change produced in an
egg by incubation.
Ghorao bele. An egj which has undergone the
change produced by incubation.
Ghor bagi. A gig or any wheeled
conveyance drawn by a horse.
Gh5rce. Crooked, bent.
Ghor cutia. ") One who stays in the
Ghor ghusia. J" house, an idler.
Ghor duar. Cf orak duar.
Ghore ghore. Among themselves, our-
selves.
Qhore ghoreko Iarh.T.i kana. They are fighting
among themselves.
Ghori. Time.
Mif ghori tayomte. After a little while.
Ghorkorna. Goods, property, chattels.
NuuaK hoyolfkantaereho enreho bae ghorkorna
dareafta. Although he gets so much still
he can't collect any property.
Ghormucau. Cf. ghurmucau.
Ghorna, \A fence ; to erect a fence, tc
Ghorna.J fence in argument.
A(Ji ghornam lagaoet'kana. You are fencing
(in argument.)
Ghorna berna. A fence, to fence round.
Besteye ghorna bernaakat'a. He haa put up
a good fence all round.
Ghotao. To be fulfilled, to be proved,
ta be accused.
Ghotna. ") . ,
p, ; SAn event, an occurrence.
Bhage ghofona menaKa, ar barie ghotona hS
menalca. There are pleasant events and
unpleasant events also.
QliotreiJ jel
[ 192 ]
Ghurni
GhotretJ jel. The hind of the Indian
gazelle, or ravine deer, Oazella
Bennettii. Cf. badar selep.
Ghugra. Morris bells, a band of small
bells tied round the ankles when
dancing.
Ghugri. A kind of insect.
Ghugri ghao. A sore with a sinus.
G hul ghul. ") Close, oppressively close,
Ghul ghulau. J air or breeze excluded ;
to suffer for want of air.
Nonde oedalipe dohoakadea ghulghulauK kanaeP
Why have you put him here, be ia suffering
from the closenegs of the place.
Ghul ghul atbarolfkaua. It feels very hot and
close.
Potomlekhan jel ho ghul ghulaulca. If flesh
meat be wrapped up it will suffer from want
of air.
Ghumghor. To be in a deep sleep.
Ghumghorlenali baA atijomleda. I was in a
heavy sleep and did not hear.
GhGra. A bow string made of hemp,
&c. ; a piece of wood fixed on the
neck of a young bullock to accus-
tom him before the yoke is put on.
Porcha. A bow string made of bamboo.
AUko ghurawalta. They put a string on a bow.
Ghura. The female of the " gundri "
or quail, Turnix Sykesii.
Ghura ghuri. Going here and there,
coming and going, wandering about.
Ghur^ ghuri baraekanae. He is going about
here and there.
Ghurai ultai. To bring up again, again
and again, over and over again.
TinaKem Aela ghurai ulfai ? How often would
you see it ?
Caba katha nui hor do ghurai ult^iye roreda.
This man keeps bringing up a matter that
has been settled.
Ghurant. Circuitous.
Noa hor do aidi ghuran^a. This way is circuitous.
Ghuraulc. Call of the gundri (q. v.) or
quail, and the noise made by the
cobra.
Gundriye ghurauKkana onte do. The quail ia
calling over there.
Ay a A biAko ghurauKa.
It is believed by the Santals that the cobra
imitates the cry of the quail to attract it
to its destruction.
GhE. } ^'^ °°'^ ^^^' ^'^ ^"'■"^ ^P'
Baber ghuroiena. The rope ia coiled up.
Sukri oan<jbol do ghuroigea. A pig's tail is
curled.
Ghur ghur. A call to cattle to cause
them to turn at the plough.
Ghur ghurau. To stir, to swing round,
to whirr, to revolve ; to cause to
whirr or revolve.
Ghanta ghurghuraume. Stir it round and round.
Hurla ghurghurauedae. He ie swinging it
round and round with his arm at full
stretch.
Ghuri. The next, returning.
Ghuri boohor. Next year.
Ghuri hapta. Next week.
Ghuri hat. Next market day.
Ghuri. Time.
Iti ghuri. Instantly.
Tun ghurite. In a moment.
Mii ghuri. A moment, a short time.
Ina ghurite. At that moment.
Sanam ghuri. Always.
fun ghuri. The present time.
CalaE ghiiri. Time of sotting out.
Thora ghuri. A little while.
Riiar ghuri. Time of returning.
Behgeo ghuri. Time when hunger ia felt.
Ghuria. Again, next.
Ado ghuria alom hijuUa. Do not come again.
Ghuria din. This time next year.
Ghuria ghuria. Again and again, time
after time.
Ghuria ghuriae khojkana. He asks time after
time.
Ghuria kaete. Again.
Ghuri ghuri. Time after time.
Ghuri ghurim hijulikana. You keep always
coming.
Ghurikaete. Again, another time.
Ghurikiete hijuK hoyoK tama. You must come
again.
Ghuri phiri. To go and come again
and again, to repeat, again and
again.
Ghuri phiri nonde acurbarae kanae. He keeps
coming and going here.
Ghuritek. A little, a little while.
Ghuritek thiroKme. Be still for a little.
Ghurkaete. Again.
Ghurmucau. ITo seize by the neck
Ghormucau.. J and shake, to seize an
ox by the mouth and twist round
his head to his shoulder.
Ghurmuoaukedeae. He seized it by the nostrils
and turned its head round .
Ghurni. \ An insect which lives
Dak ghurni J in water.
This insect keeps whirling round continuously,
and it is said that when it warts to rest it
has to hold on to something with its mouth.
Ghurni
[ 193 ]
Gidri
Ghurni. A whirlpool.
Ghurni. Incubati>d, as an egg.
Ghxirni dano bonga. Name of a certain
malignant spirit.
Ghurpak. To raise again a matter
that has been set^tled, to swing
round, to tAvist.
Ghus. A bribe.
Ghuse jomoda. He takes bribes.
Ghusa. To prod with the thumb passed
between the fore and midclle fin-
gers.
Ghus^i ghusi. To prod with the thumb
passed between the fore and mid-
dle fingers,
Ghusa ghusikedeae. He prodded him.
Ghusa ghusienakiu. They prodded each other.
Ghusau. \To go out of the way; to
Gusau. J hide with a wish to shun or
shirk work, &c.; to pass, as time.
Kor ghusau. To make a slip in speaking.
Dao ghusg.u. To miss an opportunity.
Okate ooe ghusauena. He has gone somewhere
out of the way.
Kamiii ghus?iukeda. I have missed my chance
to work (to day.)
DaK ghus3.aena, note ban heclena. The rain
has passed by, it did not come this way.
Ghus ghus. Internally.
Ghus ghuse rugiEkana. He has fever internally.
Ghus ghusau. |To go here and there
Ghus ghas. ) ^^ anger.
Ghus ghusau baraekanae.
Ghus ghusau aouroKbanae.
Ghus ghaa barae kanae.
Ghusiau. To enter humbly.
Bolo ghusiauenae abo theo. She crept into the
house and keeps quiet.
Ghusun ghusun. Quietly, without
speaking.
Ghusun. iQuickly, with a rush.
Ghusun marte. j ^ •'
Ghusun marte odok gofenae. He rushed out.
Ghut. ) .
Ghutj^^^'^^g*^-
Bea (hik ghat oraKko benaoakate. They have
built a good average house.
Ghii( dare. An average sized plant.
Ghut ghut. Restless, to trip, as a child
or dwarf
Ghut ghut liir ketee gidr?i.
Ghut ghut. Middle-sized.
■Children, little children.
Ghutla. M
Ghutli
a. M. \
i. F. I
Short in stature, a dwarf
Ghut mutia. Of middle size and stout.
Khub ghut mutia )U9.n. A well built, sturdy,
middle sized young man.
Ghutni. A dal (q. v.) masher.
Utuko ghutnia. Tiuy apply the 'ghutni 'to
the dal ( to mash it. )
Ghutu. A mound, rising ground, bank
Gi. C£ ge. [of river.
Gian. Knowledge.
Gicho rani. Queen Gicho, a name
given to the earthworm who accor-
ding to the traditions of the Sftitals
raised the earth above the water.
Gidar bandar. "
Gidar butur.
Gidar gadar.
Gidar pidar,
Gidra pidra. } [angry.
Gidgidau. To move quickly as one
Gidgid^u heeenae. He came striding up.
Gidi. A vulture.
Sehgel gidi. The Indian King- Vulture, Olo-
gyps calvHf;.
Sone gidi. Cf . sehgel gidi.
E^ila gidi. The female of Ologyps calvus.
Gidi. To throw away, to cast off, to
reject.
Jeret gidi. To burn to get rid off.
Cado gidi. To throw into water to get rid off.
Areu gidi. To bale out-tn get rid of.
Up gidi. To throw, or pour away.
Narka gi<?i. To cleanse the hair.
Bohoe L^it.li. To rinse off.
Jom gidi. To waste by eating, or to eat to get
rid of.
Goo giiji. To kill to get out of the way, to
kill and throw away.
Ti jahgare gidi'? ■ To throw oneself at another's
feet; to beseech.
Gidi ore. Rejected, laid aside as un-
serviceable, as cloth ; neglected, as
children.
De gidi ore emalipe, ladejohail. Do give me a
piece of old cloth, I will wear it.
Nui gidi ore tahekanae, ill geA joton saoha-
kedea, tiapurio ! This child was neglected,
I took him in and cared for him, poor little
thing !
Gidi tot. Thrown away as useless, to
lay anything aside as unservice-
able.
Gidra. A child.
Gidrfii. joh. To beget a child, or children.
Gidr9.ko benaokediAa. They did not respect me
(treated me as if I were a child.)
Adi diuren gidra kanae. This child is older
than he looks (said of backward children.)
Gidri. Short, little, dwarfish, apphed
to females only.
■2o
GigriA
[ 194 ]
Girosto
liigrin.J
species of lizard.
Gigriii.
Ghig
Gijgij. Close, oppressively close, hot
and steamy, sweltering; moist,
wet body, perspiring and dirty.
T^dgairte Rijgij atkaroKkans.. It feels Jcloae
owing to the heat.
Dare butare tahente besoKa, noa orali do gij-
gij ^ikaiuKa. It would be better to Uve
jinder a tree, this house feels so damp,
Gijri. Curdled, sour, as milk.
Gijiitoa. Curdled milk.
Noa toa gijriena. This milk is curdled.
Oila. Moist, damp, humid, mushy.
Daka gilaKa isin lahalenkhan. The rice will
become mushy if oTer cooked.
■Gilapdar. C£ giriptar.
Gilas. A brass drinking vessel in shape
of a tumbler ; a tumbler.
Gilthi. A swelling in the groin.
Gindra. A piece ; to cut or break
into pieces.
M&i gindraime. Cut the bamboo into lengths.
Crinduar bata. The jack snipe.
Oindwar. A sling for throwing stones.
Ginghri. A lizard. Cf ghigriii,
Ginti,
Ganti,
Ma se gintikom. Come, count them.
Gipitic. The reciprocal form of gitic
'<3ipitic sendra. A hunt which lasts a part of:
two days in which the hunters camp and
pass the -night together in the open from
which fact the hunt gets its name.
Gipitic ^hen. The place where the hunters
pass theTiight together. Cf. gipitio sendra.
Gira. A knot.
Bapla gira. The marriage knots, or the Santal
method of intimating date of a marriage.
-Seven or eight days before the da'.:c fixed for
the marriage, seven, or eight as the case
may be, knots are tied on a larc'e number
of strings, one of ^vhieh, is sent to each
family ^/ho i^: invited to be present at tlje
marriage. One knot is loised cs,ch night,
and wjeu all have been loosed tne time for
the marriage has arrived.
Knots on a string are also employed to keep
accounts, each knot representing so much.
Gira basi. To settle down.
Noa disomrele gira basiakana. Ws have«ettled
down in this country.
B?ihu doe gira b^isiena. The young wife lias
settled down (she no longer runs away.)
Girgirau. To g-o round about, to move
quickly, as one angi-y.
ti. J
To count.
To arrest, to apprehend, as
Girgir9.uateye heoena. He came rushing up.
Hakoko girgirau baraekana. Th fish are swim-
ming round about.
Gir girau. To roll along the ground.
Gir girau calaKkana. It goes rolling along.
Girhar. Trust, guidance, benevolence.
Okoe girharte nonde dom berelakana? Under
whose wing have yon settled down here ?
Giri. To cut through, as with an axe,
saw, &c.
Barab?.rite giri got'kalfme. _ Cut it equally.
■Giriakatko leka mit geko lieloKkana, sipahiko
do. The soldiers look all alike (in height),
just as if they had been cut (to the same
height^
Giria. Obliquely, from the side. Cf.
g-hiria.
Giriateii maKkedea. I out him down with a
side stroke (fromthe left or right.)
Giriptar.
Gilapdar. r i i i - - ,
Geraptar.j by legal warrant.
Giriptarkateko idikedea. They arrested and
took him away.
GiriptaroKae. He wiU he arrested.
Girja. To join in a religious service,
to conduct a religious service.
Girja oral?. A church.
Tehenle girj9,Ka. We will to-day join in a reli-
gious service, or we will observe public
worship.
XJni doe girjaabona. He will conduct the
service for us.
Girmit. Cor. of " agreement " a tea gar-
den term.
Ale dole girmitena. We are under an agreement
for a certain number of years.
Girni. Wife, mistress of the house.
Giroe goroe. ] Following each other in
Giyor goyor. I a line, trailing-, hang-
Goroe goroe. / ing masses, hanging
Goyor goyor. j down or ever, as a piece
of twine, &c.
lilit'tege giroe goroeko •oalakkana. They are
going in a line one following the other.
Giroe goroe eitnrakana baber i^. The string
is; hanging down.
Goyor goyorko pii'iio. idiedekana. They are
following her in ^ long line.
Dakre giroe goroe sealom'menaRa. There are
long trailing lines of sealom (q. v.) in the
water.
Girosto. ") A cultivator, a well-to-do far-
;to. ") .
ti. J
Giristi. j mer.
Nitok do girostoenam ado nonkam badjii bara-
eda. You have become well-to-do now, and
you are putting on airs.
NitoK dom girostoen khan aujim dabaoeEko.
Now that you are well-to-do you are op-
pressing them.
Giru
[ 195 1
God
Giru. A kind of red ochre.
Giru dliiri. A red stone from which the 'girn'
is produced hy rubbing. Houses are de-
corated with this ochre for the DasSe (q.T.)
The fruit of the Mira baha (q.T.) ia employed
as a block to stamp figures on the wall's.
Gisicgisic. Always, continually.
Gisio giside ggiduroSJiana. He is continually
scratching himself.
Gisio gisio rorortege tahenao. He is always
speaking.
Ge'ser^Ser. 1 Q'^^^^^'^' ^.' ^\^" ^^ ^
Geser marte hed gofenaet He came quickly.
Geser geser barae kanae ka^a do, The buffalo
goes stamping about.
Gita. A variety of the rice plant.
Gita. Cf. gital^.
Gitali. A thin film believed to be on
the tongue, generally on the
under side, of a child at birth,
which if not removed affects his
power of speaking ; an impedi-
ment in the speech.
Gitalt dope dohokaKkana bape cabaeda. Tou
are leaving a part of the subject in obs-
curity.
QitaK gitaKgeye sere Aa. He does not enunciate
his words when singing.
Uni gidra reaK gitalf chadn,okataome. Remove
the film (gitaK) from that child's tongue.
Git git. Itchy, irritating sensation.
Git git aikauKkana. An itching sensation,
Gitic. To lie down, to sleep.
Dal gitic. To knock down by a blow, as with
a stick.
Capa£ gitiij. To knock down by throwing some-
thing at.
Gitiu bere£. To rise from sleep.
Gitic thir. To Ke still, or quietly.
Gitic herop. | ^^^ ^j^^^ ^11 have retired for the
giSdtre?:! "^^''*-
Alom gitijea. Do not lay it (child) down.
Mi^ then gitidkatele tioga. "We will pass one
night on the way.
Nondele gitic aiigalfa. We will pass the night
here.
Gitid sarasg.tili. When all have retired for the
night.
Gitil. Sand.
Gada gitil. Eiver sand.
Dhiiri gitil. Mixture of dust and sand.
Lemeli gitil. Fius sand.
Bali gitil. 7 Grains of magnetic iron resembling
Gitil baU. 3 sand.
Gitil. To scour with sand, ashes, &c.
Thari lota gitiltabonme. Scour our brats
plates and cups.
Gitil. An invisible insect said to burrow
into the skin under the toes during
the rains.
Gitil aralc. A wild- pot-herb, Leucas
tnollissima, Bth.
Gitil garl. An insect that burrows in
the sand in river beds.
Gitil ran. A common plant, Aniao-
chilus carvMsus, Wall.
Gitlaha.. Sandy.
Gitl3.ha ot. Sandy soil.
Giwar gawar. Tangled, hanging in a
tangle, trailing.
Men, kierid giwar gawarem oret do. Look
out, you are trailing the cloth along.
Giwg.r gawar sealom. Trailing tangled sea?
weed.
Go.. Mother,, woman.
Maraiiid go. Wife's elder brother or brothers.
Jawae go. Son-in-law.
Goala.\ The Hindu caste Goala ; a cow
Goar. / keeper, a cowherd.
G5a5. To lose. C£ gaoao.
AcaK jiwiye goaolekhau C6(; porho hoyoKtaaaf
What shall it profit him (if he gain the
whole world) and lose his own soul ?
Gobol. To subject, to be subject to..
Ehga apa then bako goboloKa. They are not
Bubjeot to their parents.
Ac gobolketkoae. He brought them under
subjection to himself.
Okoe ho bako gobol dareakoa. No one is abla
to bring them to subjection.
Goboria. Stout, but effeminate, well fed
and pampered.
Gobori? hor kanae. He is stout, but soft.
Gobor mati. To finish, to destroy, to
obliterate by smearing with cow
dung.
TeheJi khon gobor matikedabon, teheti khon
alope ror baraea. From to-day we have
buried it, from to-day do not mention it.
Gobrao. To manure, especially with
cattle manure
Gujuk.}T°^^ill't°die.
Nel god. To see die or killed.
Dal god. To kill by striking with aatick, ko.
Ten god. To crush to death.
Turi god. To kill by shooting an arrow.
KutS-m god. To kill by a blow or blows, with
a hammer, &o.
Phasigod. To kill by hanging.
iSui- god. To kill or be killed by a fall.
MaK god. To kill by slashing with a sword„
axe &c.
Unum god. To drown.
Peter god, To kill by twisting the neck.
Lin god. To strangle.
Jom god. To kill and devour.
Gocha
[ 196 ]
God or
Ger goo. To kill by biting, aa asnalse.
Lo g03. To be burned to death.
Capat goo . To kill by throwing something at.
.^ttt goo. To be drowned, carried away by a
stream and drowned.
G-opoc. To kill each other.
Goiroo bor. A killer, a murderer.
Goo gocteri baAcaoena. I was at death's door.
Goe balicaoenaA. I was very nearly dead.
Goo bagiaiileae. He died and left us.
Goo gur. To die.
Goo sareo. To survive.
Goo calao. To depart this life.
God adhi. To lessen by death.
Gocha. To hold in the lap, as a child
carries flowers in its pinnafore by
making it a bag.
Gccha pereolenthan khacl^Kreko aambao hor-
aea. When the lap is full they put them
(leaves from the tea bushes) into a basket.
Gocha jaoraeme. Collect them in your pinna-
fore.
Goco. A beard; the pistils of the
flowers of Indian corn, Zeaniays.
Eaebar goco. A go-between ; a negotiator of
a marriage.
Mooa goco. The hair on the upper lip.
Kewa goco. A beard, hair on cbin.
Jon^lra goeoena. The ilower pistils of the In-
dian corn are protruding.
Hako goco. Hairs on the mouth of a fish.
Merom goco. A goat's beard.
Sakwa leka goco haraentalea. We are greatly
delighted.
God. A climbing plant.
Cand^ god j Varieties of the God plant.
Suru] god. J
Goda. A piece of cultivated high land
at a distance from the house.
Goda. Elephantiasis ; swollen, sluggish.
Goda godage lieloKkana. It looks clumsy,
(said of the leg of a bedstead that has not
been turned in a lath.)
Bejae godae atkarol^kana, hohoak ho bae ati-
joma. Hois very sluggish, he won't ana^vtr
when called to.
Goda horo. Highland rice, a variety
of tire rice plant which is grown
on high lands.
Godali. To touch one to call his
attention.
Okoe gocjakkediriae. Who touched me ?
Godao. To confess, acknowledge, ad-
mit.
Pg-hil doe godaokeda, nit do bae got^ao ocoalc-
kana. He acknowledged it at first, but
wiU not admit it row.
IKditi Aelledea, menkhan nit do bae goijao
ocoaKkana. I saw him take it away, but
now he will not admit it.
Nunali horko talareye rorkeda, menkhan nit do
,bae go^ao ocoaUkana. He said it among so
many people, but will not now admit that
he did so.
Godet. One of the officials of a San-
tal village.
Godetar. A call to oxen at the plough
when it is required that they
should turn in small space.
God god. Sound of water falling or
being poured from a height into
water.
Godhe. To fondle the legs or feet of a
person, as children and dogs do ;
to beseech.
Nui setajahgareye goiJheKkana. This dog is
fawning on my feet.
Am do otem bagikeda, nitoR dom godhe barae-
kana. You relinquished the land and now
you are begging to get it back.
Godhra. Thick, dull, listless.
Bhale hore tahekana, nahak do cekate coe
godhraena. He was a good man once, he
now for some reason or another has become
listless.
Noko hor reaK mon do godhraentakoa. This
people's heart is waxed gross.
Godhro. Cf. godhra,
Godo. A species of rat.
Ehus godo. The bandicoot rat. Cf. bhus.
Murup godo. A small light grey coloured
field rat.
Dander godo. "J This rat fre';|uents the rice
Khet godo. > fields and betore the crop is
fandi godo. ) reaped lays up a store for
himself in some convenient hole. A maund
of rice has at times betn dug out of his
storehouse.
Godo godo. Sound of water falling
from a height into water ; a splash-
ing sound.
Godoe godae. 1 At the heels of, follow-
Godoe godoe. J ing closel)^
Godoe godoe parija baraedekanae. He is follow-
ing at her heels.
Godoe godoe. Cf gadae gudui.
Godop godop. Rhythmical, measured,
as the sound produced when danc-
ing to music ; or as the beating of
a drum.
Godop godopko eneokana.
Godop go(jopko ruieda.
Godor. ^ Long, flowing, applied
Godor godor. ;- to a beard and whis-
Godro. J kers.
Godroe AeloKkana, okoe ren merom boda con.
Ho has a very long beard, whose billy-goat
is it?
Godor godor goco menalctaea. He has a very
long beard.
Godor godor goooe haraaka{a. He has grown
a long beard.
E ken godor geko hp,ta,okeda. Only long bear-
ded men have taken thom.
God pari
[ 197 1
GoU
God pari. To beseech, to entreat, to
throw oneself down at another's
feet to excite his pity.
Am then go^l p^iiK do baA oalaKa. I will not
go to tlirow myself down at your feet.
God parikateii agukedea. I beeeeohod him to
come with me.
Godro. Cf. godor.
Goetha. Dried cow dung.
G5etha lipi. The Ashy-crowned Finch
Lark, Pyrrhulaudagrisea.
Goethasar. A variety of the rice plant.
Goga. To spread a rumour.
AuriaKtcko gogakeda. They spread a false
rumour.
Gota disom gogalena. The rumour spread over
the whole country.
Gogok. To wear a piece of cloth hanging
from the shoulder covering the
breast, by women. Cf bande.
GogoK japaK. To wear the sari orer the shoulder
and hanging aovru in front.
Anriye gogoK japagoKa. She does not as yet
wearapiece of cloth over her breast, i. e. is
of tender years.
Gogol<. Cf gok.
Goha. A witness ; to bear witness.
Goha sakhi. )
SakM goha. )
A witness.
[ To testify, to bear witness, to
1 depose.
Goha gujrau.
Goha em.
GohaK.
Cet lagi£em heeakana P GohaKiii heoakana.
Why have you come ? I have come to give
evidence.
Gohako bhahgaokeSkotilia. They have tam-
pered with my witnesses.
Gohako puraukeda. They have given their
evidence.
Goha emoK bako tehgona. They do not agree
to give evidence.
Gohal puja. The Byre or Cow-house
worship. It is observed on the
second day of the Sohrae (q. v.)
festival, and seems to be an ac-
knowledgement of the services
rendered by the cattle during the
year's cultivation.
Goher. Cf guher.
Gohla guhli. Breaking out in one
place after another ; as an epide-
mic ; on all sides.
Ale dih do g.di gohla guhliye daKkeda. It
rained in our village from all sides.
Noakorege rog gohla guhli acur baraekana.
. Disease is breaking out in all directions
round about here.
reserved.
Gohlao. To obscure, to spread, difficult,
obscure.
Ale then duk do gohlaoakana. Sickness is all
round us.
Noa katha do 9,di Kohlao bujh^uKkana. This
matter is obscure.
Gohle. 1 n • .1.
Gohle gohle. j^'^^^*' ^"^
Gohle hor do (Jher do bako rora. Reserved
people do not speak much.
Nui maejiu gohlegeye rora. This woman speaks
very quietly.
Gohnao. \To follow, to trace, to
Gohna ghuhni [ track.
Kule gohnaijjfcaraetkoa. The tiger is following
them. »
Bugi ocoK l^git uniko gohnaoedekau tahekana.
They were following him to be healed of
their diseases,.
Gohnao idiedekan tahekanako, sabea mente.
They were tracking him to catch him.
Sordar kuliko gohnao idikoa. The sardar
follows up the coolies.
Goho goho. Wrapt up so as to appear
large, bulky.
Goho goho oyoakanae.
Adi maraij goho goho cerekanae.
Gohor. To drag, to draw along the
ground.
Paiirako Icafko gohor idia. Bullocks drag timber
(from the forest.)
Goja. A mixture, such as a Santal
marrying a Kol, or Indian corn
and rice cooked together, &c.
Diku ar horkin gojaena.
Goja. A stick sharpened at one end
with which holes are made in the
ground, striking the sharp end into
the ground.
Goja gockedeae. He stabbed and killed him.
Goja. To insert or push into intertices,
as when loading a cart with tim-
bed, smaller pieces being thrust
into the spaces between the lar-
ger pieces.
Gojra. Sleepy-headed, obdurate.
Maraii gojra hor kanae. He is a great sleepy
head.
Kui gojra mara hor. This consummate slug-
gard.
Gok. To carry on the shoulder; to
promise.
GoR idi. To carry away on the shoulder.
Golt ?.gu. To bring carrying on the shoulder.
QraKtebo goR ?.guj£o,dea. They brought him
home on their shoulders.
Qokhla
[ 1&8 ]
Gonda
Gokhla. To speak against one. Cf.
gokhna.
Ce^ uniaK dom gokhlaet tahekana P What were
you saying against himp
Gokhla janum. ") A plant furnished
Gokhula janum. J with spines, Hy-
grophila spinosa, T. Anders.
Gokhna. To give a by-name to, give
a name to, make fun of.
Gokhnakedeako. They hare given him a nick-
name.
Hapramko oeClekako gokhnakeibona.
Gok sahan. A veiled term meaning to
burn a corpse. t
Delabon ho goK sahan Harmae gooakana. Come
to assist at the cremation, Harma is dead.
Gol. Round, spherical.
Gol. To whistle.
Gol._ Cf. got'.
Heo golenae. Ho camo at once,
Kor golakome. Speak to them plainly.
/-,,'■ i> }■ A store-house.
Gola orak. J
Gola. M.\ Brown, reddish brown, applied
Guli. F. J only to cattle and goats.
Gola bocla. A brown he-goat.
Guli merom. A brown she-goat.
Gola. The neck, the throat.
Gola. Employer, master, owner.
Nui dahra ren gola okoe kanae? Who is the
owner of this bullock P
111 ren gola kantilSae. He is my employer.
Gola gamcha. To assume a humble
attitude of entreaty or submisson.
Gola, the neck and gamcha, a piece of cloth two
or three yards long. The cloth is put
round the neck and the suppliant holds it
in front between his hands joined in suppli-
cation.
Gola jambra. To explode, an explosion
Gola kanta. Malignant sore throat or
swollen throat, a disease which
affects cattle ; tonsillitis, &c.
Gg.iko gola kantaka. Cows are subject to
malignant sore throat.
Golak solak. Of galai solaf.
Gola orak. A store house.
Golat. \ An exchange of daught-
Golat bapla. J ers for marriage to sons.
Golati. A kind of marriage.
Two families each having a marriageable son
and daughter, each marries his daughter to
the other's son. This is a convenient form
of marriage as, as a rule, presents are
dispensed with.
Golki marie. Cf. gol marie.
Golmal. ") Disturbance, tumult, con-
Gulmal. j fusion ; to make a distur-
bance, tumult, &c.
A(Ji golmalakafako. They have made great con-
fusion.
Kathako golmalkeda. They confused the
matter.
Ona atote alope calaKa adi golmalakana, a(Ji
horko gujuKkana. Do not go to that village
things are out of the usual, many people
are dying.
Gol marie. 1 gj^^j^ ^^ ^^^^^^ pepper.
Golki mane. J r ic
The pepper-vine, which yields gol mario Fiper
nigrum, is largely cultivatedin South India.
Golokpuri poesa. \ Gorakhpur pice, a
Golopuri poesa. } dumpy pice.
This is the old Indian pioe which is simply a
piece of copper a certain weight but of any
shape.
Golpo. A story, prattle, tattle, chit
chat, small talk.
Hor horte calaK tulucko golpo joiikana. They
indulge in small talk as they walk along
the road.
Golwari. A kind of dance.
Golwari rar. The air sung when danc-
ing the Golwari dance.
Golwari sereri. The songs sung when
dancing the Golwari dance.
Gom. A cultivated fruit tree, the
Bullock's heart, Anona reticulata
Sivi.
The fruit which resembles a bullock's heart in
shape ripens dui'ing the latter part of the
rainy season. It is eaten by the natives,
but rarely by Europeans.
Gomao. Cf gamao.
Go medak. A gem or precious stone
brought from the Himmalayas.
Gomke. "1 A wife, mistress of the
Gomket. J house.
Jawae gomket. Son-in-law.
Orak gomket. Wife, mistress of the the house.
Nui do okoe hoyoKaeP Iii gomkeli kanae. Who
is this P She is my wife.
Gomosta. An agent.
Gonda. A set of 4.
Bar gon^a poesa. Two annaa.
Gonda. Out-lying hamlets of a village,
suburbs of a town ; out-lying frelds
of a village.
Ga gondape darana. You visit villages and
their out-lying hamlets.
Gondal
[ 199 ]
Gopal bhog
Gondal. Cf. atal gondal.
Gondogol. Din, tumult, disturbance,
confusion.
Gon^ogolko lagaokeda. They are making a din.
Kathako gonijogolkeda. They have confused
the matter.
Gondhok. Sulphur, brimstone.
Gondor gondor. To mutter, to speak
in low tones ; low growling, as of a
dog.
Gondor gondore eKgerkana. She is soolding
under her breath.
Gondor gondoroKbanako oraE bhitrire. They
are talking inside the house. (Sound heard
but not the words.)
Gondrao. To growl or snarl, as a tiger,
leopard, dog or cat.
Kulko, tarupko, setako ar pusiko gondraoltako.
Tigers, leopards, dogs and cats snarl.
Gon. To answer when called to.
Hohoadeali, bae goiiledifia. I called to him, he
did not answer.
Goiikedeari. I answered him.
Gon. To give a daughter in marriage.
GoJikedeale Mafijhi oraKre. We gave her in
marriage to a member of the Maliihi's
family.
Bale kiisilente bale gohledea. We were not
satisfied and therefore did not give her in
marriage.
Onkoko baplaUban arko goheibo^ tahekana.
They were marrying and giving in marriage.
Gonga. Dumb.
Gongha. The shell of a water snail, a
v/ater snail.
Tand j goiigha. A dry land snail.
Godghor. A hole, a cavity.
BhugaK. A small hole.
Ghoiighor. Larger than bhugaiK.
Dander. Larger than all, a cave, a den.
Gongo. Father's elder brother or bro-
thers ; younger brother's or bro-
thers' children.
Goiigoli theniA oalaKa. I wiU go to my father's
elder brother's house.
Noako gohgoli tekoJi idiakokana. I am taking
these to my younger brother's children.
Gohgod kora. Son of my younger brother or
Gohgoli kuri. Daughter of my younger bro-
ther or sister.
Gohffot kora. Son of his'younger brother or
Gohgot kuri. Daughter of his younger bro-
ther or sister.
Gohgom kora. Son of thy younger brother
or sister.
Gohgom kuri. Daughter of thy younger bro-
ther or sister.
Gongo salaka. A doal (q. v.) cloth
given by the bridegroom to the
bride's (aunt) gongo (q. v.)
GongrolJ. Hoarse ; to become hoarse.
Serel5 serellteil gohgroCena. I have become
hoarse with singing.
GoiSja^udji. Cf. gaiija gudji.
Goi4jao. Cf ga6jao.
Goiijao. To lay past, to store up, to
hoard.
Doho goiijao. To heard.
Rebel; goiijao. To stick into something, as
thatch, to keep safely.
Bolo goiijao. To hide inside.
Bae goiijao. To put past.
Topa goiijao. To bury for safety (treasure.)
Sen goiijao. To go and remain.
Okarem liamleda ? Doho gorijaole^ tahekana^.
Where did yon get it ? I had laid it past.
Non^eli bae goiijaolef tahekana okoe coe idiko£.
I laid it past here, some one has taken it
away.
Sarimre rebet' goJijaokaKme. Stick it into the
(thatch of tile) roof to keep it safely.
Sen golijaoakanae. He has gone and is staying
there (as if he had been put in store.)
GonoM. A piece of cloth thrown over
the shoulder and falling down
over the breast and tucked in on
both sides to a piece round the
waist. Worn by women. From
golj (q. v.). Cf gogok under bande.
Gonok. An astronomer, an astrologer.
^° . ■ >The price paid for a bride.
Gonoa pon. j r i:-
The amoxmt paid as gonoh varies from three
rupees to twelve rupees, the hi|;her sum,
however, being very seldom given. Eeturn
presents are made in proportion to the sum
paid as gonoii.
Gonon toraoni. Return presents made
by the bride's father to the bride-
groom's party.
These presents vary in valne according to the
price paid for the bride (gonoii, q. v.) but
when the lowest rate of gonoh, three rupees
is paid no return presents are given by
the bride's father to the bridegroom's
party.
Gonto goto. "1
Gonto gotor. j
Gonto goyo. |
Gonto goyorj
Calaoena'to gonto goto,
in Indian file.
One after the other, in
Indian file.
They have gone off
Gopal. A variety of the rice plant.
Gopal bhog. A variety of the rice
plant.
Gopca
[ 200 ]
Gorom
Gopca. A method of carrying small
articles tied up in a cloth and
swung over the shoulder.
The articles to be carried, which are generally
such as will be required on a ghort journey
or food when out on a hunting expedition,
are tied up in one end of a cloth, which is
thrown over the left shoulder hanging down
behind. The other end of the cloth is pas-
Bed under the left arm, over 'the bundle, to
keep it in position, and brought round under
the right arm to the front and tied there.
Gopha ot. A species of edible mush-
room.
Gopon. Reciprocal form of gon (q. v.)
Goporo. Reciprocal form of goro (q. v.)
Gor. Difficulty, strait.
Gorreii paraoakana, I am in a difficulty.
rt ' u >• A European soldier.
Gora palton. J ^
Gora. The refuse of matkom (q. v.)
from which liquor has been distil-
led.
Gorako gidiakafa, kada emako lagiiJ aguime.
Gora. A cow-shed, a cattle-shed.
Gai gora. A cow-shed.
Goras. To receive and supply what is
necessary to one in want or in
distress ; to coax.
Goras saohakom. Eeoeive and care for them.
Gorasetkoae. She thinks of and provides for
them.
Do goras aguiope. Go and coax her to come.
Gordon. C£ gardan.
Gordon. Thick-necked.
G6rS. A pannier, a bag slung across
a bullock's back, one on either
side.
G6re. A common forest tree, Stephe-
gyiie parvifolia, Korth.
Gorhon. To carve, to engrave on wood
or metal.
Gorhon muthan. A graven image.
Bese gorhonakat'a. He has carved it well.
Gorhoni. Chronic dysentery.
Gorkha guli. Ball or pellet of dried
or burnt clay about the size of a
marble, to discharge from a bow.
Gorkha ale. The bow by which the gorkha
(pellets) are propelled.
Gorla. M. loi • i i-
Gurli. F. j^ti'iP*^^' ^^ ^ *ig*3^-
Gorla setae heo baraKa,
sometimes.
Gurli merom. A striped or streaked she-goat.
A striped dog comes
Gormi. Gonorrhoea, or any other
urethral discharge.
Goro, To assist, to. accompany.
Kami goro. To assist in work.
Tul goro. To assist to lift.
Em goro. To assist by giving.
Gitio goro. To sleep in company with.
Goro goro soiigeaeme. Go along with him.
Jom goroalime. Eat along with me.
Khube kami goroadiiia. He assisted me great-
ly in my work.
Gorob. Proud, conceited, fastidious.
Nui do adiye goroba. He is very proud.
Am dom goroboKkana. You are becoming
fastidious.
Jom gorobenae. He has no desire to eat (having
had a surfeit) Scottice, He is stawed.
Gorobia. Proud, conceited, fastidious.
Aiji gorobia hor kanae. He is a very conceited
person.
Gorob. The foetus.
Gorobe gidikeda. She miscarried.
Gorob hormo. Pregnant.
Gorob hormo menaea. She is pregnant.
Goroeya. The divinity who is supposed
to jDreside over the cattle shed.
On the second day of the Sohi-ae (q. v.) festival
oiforings are presented to Goroeya in the
cow-shed by each family.
Goroj. Need, occasion, want, necessity,
wish, intention, interest.
Ogoroj. Having no want or necessity.
AmaK goroj menakkhan oalakme. If your
necessity requires you to go, go. *
Jom real? goroj banufttilia . I have no desire
to eat.
Cei goroj ho bail lagaoaekana. It is no interest
of his.
Mit' e.ae taka reak goroj menaktiiia. I have
need of one hundred rupees.
Goro goro. Cf goro.
Goroli gorol?. Incessantly.
Gorol^ goro]<e hohcaiikana. He keeps continu-
ally calling to me.
Gorom. Grand, as in grandfather,
grandmother ; grandson, a name-
Gorom ayo. Grandmother.
Gorom kora. Grandson.
Gorom knri. Granddaughter.
Goromtet haram. The grandfather.
Goromtet budhi. The grandmother.
Goromiri. My "grand" (either son or dau-
ghter.
GoromiA kora. My grandson.
Goromi/i kuri. My granddaughter.
Gorom. Warm, hot.
Adi goroma. It is very hot (the weather.)
Goroilj goroiij
[ 201 ]
Gotao
Gorodj goro6j. Intense, applied to dense
dark clouds, and also to the bright
afterglow of sunset and the efful-
gence of sunrise.
Gorolij goroili daKe tmauakafa.
Gorolij goroAj araU rimile rakapakalla. Inten-
sely bright clouds have risen.
Gorsor. Emergency, difficulty. Cf. gar
sar.
GortorSd. To add to, to introduce
extraneous subjects into a discus-
sion.
Katha alope gortoroja. Do not introduce ex-
traneous subjeotB into the discussion.
Gosae. A religious sect of Hindus.
Gosae. A general name given to "bod-
gas " ((J. V.)
Teheli ill gosae gosaeoSkana. I am engaged in
sacrificing to-day.
Jugi Gosae. A caste of Hindus who make and
seil doras (q. T.). The doras are of tassar
silk thread.
Gosae era. The goddess of the Sal
grove.
Gosec. To pick vermin from the head.
Goposeo. To perform the service for each
other.
Goso. To wither, to dry.
Kaen<Jealf goClekhan goao beleako. If they
pluck unripe fruit they keep them till they
ripen.
Goso AnroK. To wither and fall off.
Nui doe gosoena. He has become withered.
Gosoc. Of dirty habits, dirty, slovenly.
Nui gosoa mara hor hormo ho bae heiigaKa. This
dirty rascal will not clean his person.
Goso isin. To cook over a slow fire.
Goso isinme. Cook it over a slow fire.
Goson. » "I To follow after.
Goson goson. J
Cef lagit'em gosohbaraedekana? Why do you
follow after him ?
Gholre.}^"^^' sluggish, careless.
Maran gosfe horkanae. He is a great sluggard.
Gosre. Of dirty habits, slovenly.
Goi To gather or pluck fruit.
Ghaiigra godme. Pluck ghahgra (q. v.)
TJl gof aguime. Pluck and bring some mangoes.
p ?■ \ Instantly, quickly suddenly.
Heo godoKme. Come without delay.
Sen go^enae. He went at once.
Got. \Another name for the Soh-
Got puja. J rae festival (q. v.)
Got oaole. Contributions of rice collected from
each family in a Tillage for the purpose of
manufacturing rice beer with which to cel-
ebrate the got puja or Sohrae. (q. v.) It is
^uuk on the day on which they bathe.
Got R»i. On the first day of the got pnja or
Sohrae {q. v.) in the evening all the cattle
of the village are driven over an eptg and
the animal which treads on it or smells it is
called the got gai. •
Got han<Ji. Eice beer manufactured from got
caole (q. v.) and consumed on the first of
the got puja or Sohrae {q. v.) festival.
Got sim. Fowls collected from the villagers
one from each family for sacrifice at the
got puja or Sohrae (q. v.) festival. These
are sacrificed on the 1st day of the festival.
Got. The place where cattle are
collected at mid-day, Of. ada.
Gota. The whole.
Gota oralf. The whole house.
Gota atoren hor. The people of the whole
village.
Gota talako boloena. They went in to the
very centre.
Gota. To decide, to settle, to prove.
Bale gota dafeaKa. We cannot come to a
decision.
GotaK leka do bah ^ik^iuHkana. It does not
seem as if it could be proved.
Gota guti. Principal, adult, full grown.
Gota gnti katha olakana. The principal tacts
are recorded.
Gidrako do alope emakoa, gota guti horko
joma, onkoko pg.ndul{a. Do not give to
children, grown up people will eat it, they
(the children) wiU become grey haired.
Gotanalc. A whole one.
GotanaKe idikeda. Ho took away a whole one.
Gotan.] Used with numerals, also with
Gotec. J- 2, 3, and 4, when
Goten.J reduplicated.
Mi£ gotaiie emadiiia. He gave me one.
More goteo horko tahekana. There were five
people.
Babar gotafa. Two each.
Pepe gotaii . Three each .
Popon gotah. Four each.
Gel goten do bape saphalena ? are goteo doko
oUaena ? Were there not ten of you cleans-
ed ? where are the nine ?
Gotao. To thread, to string, to put
into, as a sword into a sheath ; to
insert, as an axle into a wheel ;
to thrust into, as the tang of an
arrow head into the shaft.
Suire sutamko gotaoa. They thread needles.
Tarware bokharre gotaotam. Put up thy
sword into its sheath.
Churi reaH barjhgi (Janijomreko gotaoa. They
insert the tan of the knife into the handle.
Gotao.lTo begin, to start, to engage
GataoJ in.
XJni saoteii gotaoakana. I am engaged along
with him.
26
Go'tao
[ 202 ]
Gild an
Gotao. \ To collect cattle at mid-day
Gothao.J resting place. Cf. goth, and
ada.
Gaiye gotaoakSEkoa. He has collected the
cattle into their mid-day resting place.
Go^hao jarwaenako. They are collected at the
mid-day resting place (cattle.)
C i \i f Whole, unsplit, as a pea, &c.
Dal do banuKan, gotaraK menaKa. There are no
split peas, there are whole ones.
Gota tandi. Every "\vhere, all round
about.
Gota tandiye sioKkanreho enreho bae asuloK-
kana. Although he ploughs all round
about still he does not make a living.
Goto. Wry, out of line, as holes made
from two sides not meeting exactly
in the centre.
OekaEali? Moca goteUa. What will happen
to me ? Tout mouth will become wry.
Cetleka bam roKket? gotegea. How have you
bored it? It is wry.
Gote. A gregarious bush or small tree,
Croton oblongifolius, Roxh.
Gote. ") To twist the mouth and
Gote gore. J turn away the face in
sulky ill-humour.
OaKem gote barae kana? Why do you turn
your face away sulkily ?
Goth. The place where the village
cattle rest at mid-day. Cf. ada.
Cutht?.ndi. Cf. ada tandi.
Gotiiao. To collect cattle together
for their mid-day rest. Cf. goth,
and gotao.
Gotl-e. Wry, oblique.
Noa orak do gotleena. This house is off the
straight.
Gotlegem katkeda. You have built the wall
awry.
Goto. Past.
Goto boohor. Last year.
Gotoc. To add to, to increase in length,
as a rope.
Noa katha dope goto6a£ do. You have added
to this matter.
Gotom. Clarified butter, ghi.
Gotor. To spread, applied to fire.
Men, serigelpe gotor ocoea. Look out, you will
allow the Are to spread.
Bir loK jokhee seiigel gotor calaka. When a
forest is on fire the circle of it widens.
Goyalj. To be daubed with soot, soot
on the face or clothes when hand-
ling cooking pots.
Ceka goyaken bae ? How has she got those
black daubs of soot on her face P
Goyon. A track made by rats ; a track.
Candbolko or idia, ar onate goyonoka dhurire.
They drag their tails on the ground and so
■malce a track in the dust (rats.)
Amak goyonteko heo idiena. They have
followed in your tracks.
Goyon. 1 To follow after.
Goyon goyon. J
Tayom tayorate goyon panja baraedekanae.
He follows her whereever she goes (a child
its mother.)
Grostali. Household, family.
Gua. The Areca nut, or Betel Palm,
Areca catechu, Linn.
Gua Hembrom. A sub-sept of the
Santal sept Hembrom
Gua C5rg. A sub-sept of the Santal
sept C5rS.
Gua guli. A small forest tree, Erio-
Icena Hoakeriana, Roxh.
Gubli. A small bag, a beggar's wallet.
Gubri. The contents of the stomach
of a sheep or goat. "
Gubud gubud. Sound of beating of
drums.
Gubud gubudko lagaoakada.
Gubu4 gubud sadekana.
Gucau. To finish, to dispel, to destroy.
Kami gucau go^kakme. Finish off the work.
Dakafi jom guoaukeda. I have eaten all the
rice.
Saname gucaukettabona. He brought it all
to an end.
Eine gucaukeda. He cleared off the debt.
Gucaukedeake nito'k do ohobon iiamlea. They
liave put him out of the way, we will not
find him now. i^
Eimil gukcau oando. The cloud dispelling
sun.
Guchi. Straw from which the grain
has been trodden out by cattle,
and afterwards so drawn out as to
lay it lengthwise. It is then
tied up into small bundles; a
small bundle.
Mit' guchi sakam. A small bundle of leaves.
Guda gudi. To strike each other with
the heel of the fist.
Gnda gu^i enakin.
Gudau. To strike with the heel of
the fist, to thump.
Bandiko gud^ua gucjnate. They thump the
bandis (q. v.) witli a guijna or club.
Gudau. To hop, used in the children's
game of kati.
Kati enecreko gu^9.ukoa.
Gudaii eiiij
[ 203 ]
Guhria
Gudau enec. A game played by chil-
dren.
Gud gud. \ To rumble, as distant
Gui gudau. J thunder or as a rail-
way train in motion, roaring of a
torrent.
Eel g^i gui gai sacjekana- The railway
train makes a rumbling noise.
Rimil gugl gu^auBkana. Thunder is rumbling.
Gud gud. \The noise made by a
Gud gudauk. } strong wind, the roar-
ing of a tempest.
Hoe gud gndg.ul<ltana. The wind is roaring.
Oralire gud gudau boloena. The wind came
roaring into the house.
Gudi, A kite.
Gudia gudyi. Together, in company,
with fun and frolic.
Gudia guglyiko calaSkana. They are going in
company.
Gel; coil noko gu(Jia gu^yiko calalikana ? Why
are they going together.
Nukin do gucjigi gudyiii 6elleCkina. I saw these
two going together.
Gudia kapi. A battle axe with a broad
cutting face.
Gudia tehgoc. An axe with a long
and broad cutting face.
Gudiauk. To fondle, to fawn, as chil-
dren do by touching and rolling
on one whom they know.
Iiireko gu^i^uena. They are fondling me.
Gudi orak. A house without gables,
and the roof sloping all round.
Gudmu6 gudmuc Round, spherical
and small.
Ul guijmue guijmuo joakana. The mangoesare
small and round.
Gudna. A club with which rice bandis
(q. V.) ai-e beaten when tightening
the ropes with which they are
bound.
Gu^r^. M. I gj^^j,^ .j^ stature ; a dwarf.
Gudn. 1. J
Gudra gudri ajgute raebar thikkefi. He made
a very good match of two pigmies together.
Gudrau. To roll along the ground.
Bes okocte lekhaeme, gudrau at ocoeam. Count
(the money) carefully, you will allow some
to roll away and be lost.
Gudrau. To pass, as time ; to happen.
Horte cetko gndrgiuafipeaP What happened to
you on the way ?
Sara din dom gudrauaka^a ar cei ho bam kgjni-
aJsat'a. Tou have passed the whole day
and haye not done any work.
Gudri. A house in which goats, sheep,
or calves arc kept.
Noko do alom tolkoa, pndrite aderkom. Do
not tie up these (for the night) put them
into the goats' house.
Gudri. Short in stature, a dwarf;
applied to females only. Cf. gudra.
Gudrud gudruc. Cf gudur gudur.
Gudru ghumi Cf gudur ghum.
Gudu6. Trippingly, with short steps,
as a child or pigmy.
Gu4u6 guijuoe liir hijuKkana. She comes trip-
Gudui gudui. Long, shaggy, loose,
baggy, a.s clothes.
Bhitji eudui guduiko upana. Sheep have long
wool.
G^du^' gudup. } ^^"^^^ of thumping.
Gudup marteTl kuhaukedea.
with my fist.
I hit him thump
Gudur ghum.) The Imperial Pigeon,
Gudru ghum. I Garpophaga sylvatica.
Gudur gudur. The roaring sound
produced by a blast furnace.
Gudur gudurko dhukaua.
Gudur gudur. ") Applied to the mo-
Gudruc gudruc. J tion of anything
small, as a wheel, kid, &c.
Sagar gudur gudur gu4raul{a.
Gidra guijur gudurko liir baraekana.
Gugri. Cf ghugri.
Gugu. To carry on the back.
Gidrg. gugu idiedekana. He is carrying the
child on his back.
Lade gugu. To load on the back, to place one
above another.
Teheli do 9.di asukle giticena lade gugu. We
slept very uncomfortably last night one
above the other (i. e. orer crowded.)
Guhar. 1 A shout for help, or to give
Guher. / an alarai.
Cet real? guher kana. What is the call ? (for
help or is it an alarm ?)
Guher guher gnher rehi. The call for help.
Guhi. Chronic.
Nui doe guhiena. It has become chronic with
him.
Eu3.te (Iher dine guhiena. His fever is chronic.
Guhma. A variety of the ricp plant.
Guhria. A rat tat played on the drum,
as an alarm or as an intimation of
an accident at a hunt.
Guhria tamak. Drum beaten as an alarm,
Guhri9.ko ruigea. They beat the alarm rat tat
on the drum.
Guhum
[ 204 ]
Gulu mulu
Guhum. Wheat, Triticun sativum,
Lam.
Guhur guhur. ") Sound of voices but
GuhQr guhflr. 5 words inaudible.
Guhur guhufko roreda. The sound of their
voices is heard.
Guipha rangi. A variety of the rice
plant.
Guja. A wedge. Cf guji.
Guja. One of two brothers, Kara and
Guja, whose names occur in the
early traditions of the Santals.
Gujar. Livelihood, means of sub-
sistence ; to pass one's time.
Cetleka gujar calaKkantakoa? Ako moto do
besge calakkantakoa. How are they off for
the necessaries of life P They have ample
for themselves.
Noakamite dinko gujg-relikana. They gain a
living by this work.
Cfuj guj. Crowded.
Guj guj atkaroKkana. It feels crowded.
Guj hi. A small space partitioned off in
which to keep goats, sheep, or
calves at night. The gujki is very
often in the verandah of the dwel-
ling house.
GujhiakaCako merom dohoko l^igi^. They have
partitioned off a small space in which to
beep the goats.
Gujhi. Cf kulkhi.
Guji. ■) A wedge, a piece of wood driven
Guja. J into a jack fruit and left for
a day to cause it to ripen quickly.
Mota kat bana, guji lagao idialckhan algate
paragoKa. It is a thick log, if wedges are
used it will split easily.
Guji kudi. A kodali or hoe worked
by taking hold of both ends of the
handle.
Gujrau. To pass, as time ; to pass the
time, to exist.
Jahare dmko gujraua, ado jom okte oraKteko
hijuKa. They spend the day anywhere and
come home at meal times.
4iji phajette dinle gujraueda, matkom, sarjom
jomkatele gujraueda. "We are passing the
time with great diBcomfort, we are sub-
sisting on matkom (q. v.) and the fruit of
the sal tree.
Goha gujr?.u. To give evidence, to depose.
Sf jj; /"• «• «»'•
Gujui dlkMi: 1 ^* t'^" P°'"* °* death.
Gujulf n9.pjt. Nearly dead.
Gujal n?pitiii /ioUedeaea, baiioaoK cooba ooe.
Hanalf gujuS. ) „ .,
HanafelnjuK. j Epilepsy.
GnjuK napite dalbedilia. He beat me till I was
nearly dead.
GujuK napitili aikaueda. I feel nearly dead.
Gujulc maraeye ruaKkana. He is at the point
of death with fever.
Gujul? dakhilakanae, abe tabe. He is on the
point of death, it may come any time.
Gujur gujur. One after the other.
Gujur gujur ko calaKbana. They are going one
after the other (in Indian file.)
Hon gujur gujur. A game played by children.
Gukhla janum. A plant common in
moist situations, Hygrophila
spinosa, T. Andrea.
Gul. To make a noise, tumult, din,
disturbance.
CedaK unsjEpe guleda? Why do you make such
a din?
Gulam. A slave.
Guland. Round, spherical.
Gulanj baha. A common ornamental
flowering shrub, Plumeria acuti-
folia, Poiret.
Gulfulau.jC^-g^'^'gh^J-
Gul gulia. A wandering non-Arian
tribe, who live by hunting, teaching
monkeys to dance, selling indi-
genous drugs, begging, and petty
thieving.
Guli. A ball.
Guli ran. A pill.
Guli. Brown, reddish brown. Cf gola,
Guli gai. A brown cow.
Guli merom. A brown she-goat.
Gulibat. A method of casting lots.
The method of gulibaf is as follows : The
property to be divided is made up into the
proper number of shares. Each sharer
then makes a ball, inside of which he puts
something by which to recognize it when
it is broken up. The balls are then
mixed up together and one laid beside each
share. They are then broken and each
person takes the share opposite to which
his ball was laid.
Gulmal. Disturbance, tumult, con-
fusion; to make a disturbance,
tumult, din, confusion, &c. Cf.
golmal.
Gulu mulu. To make into a ball by
rubbing between the palms of the
hands ; round, spherical.
NitoK bathale gulumulukeda. Now we have
got the matter into shape.
Gulumulue gulieda. He is making it into a ball
by rubbing it between the palms of his
hands.
Gum
[ 205 1
Gundli araU
Gum. To sift by means of the hataU
(q. V.)
Gumbegar. To sif t by means of the hafatt (q. v.)
GumauU. To heat, as anything stored
damp.
Loho{al< alope oakea gumauSa. Do not staok
wet (straw) it will heat.
Gumasta. An agent.
Guman. To ponder, to think over.
Sane guman, \ To ponder orer as one does an
Sene gnman. 5 afBiotion, loss, &o.
Ce£ coe sane gumg.nakat'a ? What is it he is
pondering oyer.
Gumur gumur. Painful and itchy, as
a gathering boil, &c.
Gnmnr gumur hasoedekana ojo.
Gum bai. Flatulence.
Gumur. 1 Pleasant sensation, as
Gumur gumur. J when an iching
place, such as a sore, is rubbed or
scratched.
.4^1 gumur gumur aikauKkana.
Gun. Quality, merit, virtue, magic
power.
Gun manao. "I To acknowledge gratefully, to
Gun doho. ) requite.
Nun gun manao. To requite, to acknowledge
gratefully.
Get ho bae gunadiiia. He did not requite me,
or ho shewed no gratitude.
Noa ran bail gunlaka. This medicine had no
effect.
Guna. Fold.
Bar guna. Two fold, twice.
Pon guna. Four fold.
Noa khon bar guna maraiigea. It is twice as
large as this.
Guna. Fault, crime, sin.
Ghat; guna. Fault, faults ; to commit a fault.
Cetem ghat gunakeda ? What fault did you
commit ?
Cei ho ba« gunalef; tahekana. He was guilty
of no fault whatever.
Gunagar. Crime, the penalty of crime,
loss, penalty.
Gunagarid emkeda. I paid a fine.
Gunagar lagaoadiria. I was mulcted.
Gunagar paraoaea. He will meet with a loss
(sell for'less than he bought for.)
Gunalc. Merit, demerit, desert, virtue,
result.
AmaU call gunal?tem reiigejoKkana. Tour
poverty is the result of your conduct.
AmaK ror gunaKtem ruhei ocoena. Ton were
scolded as the desert of your speech.
AmaK moea gun?.Ktem (Jan^lom ocoena. Tou
were fined owing to the demerit of your
mouth.
Hasa gunaKte arjaoedae. He _ secures crops
owing to the virtue of the soil.
Jom gunaKte mo^aakanae. He is fat owing to
the virtue of his food.
Gunan. To multiply.
Gunan. To ponder, to think over, to
mourn over.
AiJi gunanedae. Ho is thinking deeply.
Gund. Trunk of body without head,
applied principally to the bodies
of animals which have been killed
in sacrifice by beheadiug.
Gund. To ponder, to think over, to
grieve over.
Cei! reaii coe gnn^eCkana ? What is it he is
thinking about, or grieving over ?
Gunda. To make small, to make into
small pieces ; to grind.
Lebef gunda. To trample to pieces.
Dal gunda. To beat into pieces.
Haruii gunda. To pound fine.
Eif gun(Ja. To grind fine.
Durup gun^a. To make into dust, or break by
Bitting on.
Gunda gundi. \
ia. j
To make into small
Ganda gunda. / pieces, to make small
crumbs, broken pieces.
Dal gunda gundi. To beat into small pieces.
En gunda gundi. To trample by oxen into
small pieces on the thi-eshing floor.
Gunda gunditet' gumpe. Sift the small partic-
les (or dust of the threshing floor.)
Gundhi bandhi. |Cows broken in to
Gundhi mandhi. ) the plough.
lioKka
Gundhi banijhile sioKkana. We are ploughing
with cows.
Gundi.
Ganda gund
Cow broken to the
plough.
Ganda gunditeii sioMkana, bi^hi ohoii senlena.
I am ploughing with cows, I can not go to
forced labour.
Hindus, with the exception of some of the semi-
Hinduised aborigines, will not plough with
cows, but Santals have no such scruples.
i.V
Nandi gundi. V mind, to consider, to
Nundi khundij think deeply over, to
reason in one's mind.
Uni reaK ko nandi gnndiK kan tahekana. They
reasoned concerning him in their minds.
Gundiari muc. A species of ant.
Gundli. A cultivated millet, Panicum
nniiliare.
Layo gundli. A cultivated millet, Panicum
antidotale, Retz,
Gundli arak. A plant common during
the rains, Aneilema nana, Benth.
This plant is used as a pot-herb.
Gundia
[ 206 ]
Gupti khanda
Gundra. To cut into pieces, to make
fine or small.
Kat gun^rg-kam. Cut the log into pieces.
Hui)?iE gu.n(Jr9i gun^rakate sarabo benaoa.
They out (the wood) into pieces and make
the funeral pyre.
Gundrau. Cf. gu6jrau.
Gundri. The Quail, Turnix Sykesii.
Gundri kurse. A leguminous plant so
called.
Gundri m.et sar. A kind of grass the
culms of which are used as arrow
shafts.
Gunduc. Excreta passed in small
quantities.
Sim gunduo. Excreta of fowls.
Gundu6 gusuc."|
Gandak gasuk. I Feckless, listless, lazy,
Ganduc gasuc. j fusionless.
Gandac gasuc. j
Ce6kom cekaeda gatnduG gasuc, usara hodme P
Gunduc gunduc. Cf. ganduc gunduc.
Gundur gundur. Sound of voices but
words inaudible.
Gundur guudurko galmaraoeda.
Gundur musak, Listless, silent, me-
lancholy.
Gundur musaKe lieloKkana. He looks melan-
choly.
Gunga. M. ") T^ u
Gunli'. F. 1^^™^-
Gungu. A covering for the head and
back of leaves pinned togther,
worn principally by women when
planting rice.
Horo rohoe jokhedko guhguKa.
Gungui;. To cover, with cloth, with
the wings, with the body.
Sim ehga aoren hopone gungu(;aka€koa. The
hen has covered her ohiokena with her
wings.
Kuldoe guiigulslGde tahekana. The tiger had
coTored the man with his body.
Thirkokme, neke iii guhguUkeSrae. Be still,
see I have covered you with my cloth.
Ciungwaok. Low pitched, as a fiddle,
flute, &c. ; an echo.
Bhitrirege guhgw9.olcbana.
Gunha. Fault, crime, sin.
Guni. Sorcery.
Guni bhabik. To be anxious, careful,
thoughtful.
Alope guni bhabiKa. Be not over anxious.
Gunidar. A sorcerer.
GaniSrib.'}T^^P««^P^°Pl^-
Gu6j. Darkness preceding a storm.
Dak gufij hijuK kana. The darkness preced-
ing a storm is coming on.
Gunjarenec. A kind of dance danced
during the Sohrae (q. v.), and
Karam festivals. Classes for the
teaching of this dance are held
during September and a part of
October.
Guliiar rar. The air to which the Gu^jar songs
(guili?.'r aereli, q. v.) are sung, and beaten
on the drums when the guiijsir dance is
being danced.
Gurijar sereA. A song aung during the dancing
of the Gudjar dance.
H^ri hari Ram raja ho Guiljari.
Katha jo kahabo daia ho Guiijarire gudj.
Chutki saetini bole, daia ho, hamaribre one-
dhone,
Barki saetini bole, daia ho, bamariore purus.
GmSjar Song.
Gunjrau. To roar, growl, as a tiger, &c.
Hantere kul gufijrauKiii afijomledea. I heard
the tiger roar over there.
Gunpalan. Panniers and pannier sad-
dle cloth.
Gunsi. A chain of silver or other
metal worn as an ornament round
the waist or on the head.
Gunthi. The knee.
Jahga gunthi. The knee.
Gunfhi gunthikin sataoakaija. They (are sitting)
with their knees touching.
Gunti. To count, to number.
Mase guntibonme. Come, count us.
Gunu gunu. Used in calling a cat.
GupallTo conceal, to hide, put out of
Gupet.j sight.
Sen gupatenae. He has gone out of sight.
Kule jom gupa^kedea. The tiger ate him, and
put' him ant of sight.
God gup5i£enae. He is dead and lost to sight.
Gupi. To tend cattle, sheep, goats, &c.
Gupiio. A tender of cattle, sheep, &c.
Bhidi gupiio. A shepherd.
Gupi bora. A herd boy, but applied to all who
tend cattle, whether young or old.
Gupi kuri. A girl tender of cattle, applied to
old and young alike.
Sukri gupiye kolkedea. He sent him to feed
swine.
Gupti. To conceal, to hide, to keep
secret.
Noa kathako guptikeda. They concealed this
matter.
Gupti khanda. Cf gupti thenga.
Gupti mar
[ 207 ]
Guru
Gupti mar. "\ tt i.i •
Gupti marte. I Unawares, secretly, in
Gupti mar. f ^^«^"<=^ '>^' ^y ^"'^-
Gupti marte. J _ P"^®"
Gupti marteko sap go£kedea. They seized him
before he was aware. [in my absence.
Gnpti marko (Jan(ilomkedilia. They fined me
Gupti thenga. A sword stick, a stick
with a sword concealed within it.
Gur. The produce of the first inspis-
sation of the juice of the sugar
cane, molasses, treacle.
Gur. To fall from a standing, sitting,
or kneeling position, to die.
God gur. To die.
Dal gur. To knock down.
Ota gur. To press down to the ground.
Phaka gur. To push and cause to fall to the
ground.
Tohofi gur. To stumble and tall.
Hoete gurena dare do. The tree was blown
down by the wind.
DareaK janhe guroKkana netar do. The well
grown janhe (q. T.) at this season is falling
to the ground.
Horo daKte gurakana. The dhan is laid by
' the rain. [killed.
Poaao^oko gurakana. The fatted animals are
Gurakhul.1 Tobacco mixed with gur
Gurakhur 3 (q. v.) to be smoked in the
huka (q. v.)
Sau.}To P-h one along.
A4iko gurdaukedifia. They pushed me viol-
ently along.
Bae calaKkhan gurd^u idiepe. K he does not
go push him along. _
G urda gurdi. Scrambling, or tumblmg
on the ground one above the other.
Cf. garda gurda.
Gurda gurdikin tapamkana. They are fighting
' on the' ground rolling over each other.
Gurdali. To feed a bride and bridegroom
with raw sugar,
Gurgau. To roll. Cf. gudrau.
Gurgu. A round stone with which
curry stuffs are ground on another
stone ; a stone with which the
seminal ducts of quadrupeds are
ruptured instead of castration.
Gurgur. ^ rji^ restrain to intercept, to
Gurgurau. I ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^f ^is freedom,
Gurgur. ( ^'^ ^^ ^ ti
Gurgurau. J
Sap gurgur9.nkedeako. They seized and prevent-
ed Mm leaving.
Dump gurgur?,uke^koako. They caused them
' to sit down and would not allow them to
leave.
Gurgurau. To roll on the ground.
Ot otteli gur guf?iukedea. I rolled him along
on the ground.
Gur guri, A huka (q. v.) with a long
stem. [boys.
Gurguri, A game played by men and
Gurhak. To be costive, the bowels.
Gurhak. To become a chrysalis.
Lum3.m tolkateye gurhaKa. After spinning
its cocoon a silk worm becomes a chrys-
alis.
Gurhe. To roll up, as a roll of parch-
ment ; to wind, as a ball of twine.
Noa baber gurheme. Wind up this twine.
Gurib. Poor. [dung.
Guric. Cow-dung, to smear with cow-
Gnrio mande. A midden, a dunghill.
Gurji. A boundary pillar.
Gurji tehara. A boundary pillar mark-
ing the spot where the boundaries
of three villages meet.
Gurkau. To roll on the ground.
Notege gurkg,u hijuKkana. It comes rolling
this way.
Gurla gurli. Swirling.
Gurlgi gurli onte note khon hoeetkanae. The
wind is swirling from all sides.
Gurlau. To swirl.
Hoe gurlauKkana. The wind is swirling.
OraUte hoe gurl?.u boloena. The wind swirled
into the house.
Ladre gurlaulf kantaea. There is a commotion
in his stomach. Scottice, Bumal gwmption.
Gur lotom. The side on which an
animal, which is killed during the
" Bhandan" (q. v.) ceremonies falls.
The animal, which may be an ox, a cow, a pig,
or even a fowl, is felled to the ground and
the side on which it falls is the portion of
him who provided it, the upper side being the
portion of the villagers.
Gurmuria. Round, spherical.
Tol gurmuriakedeae mofra do. He tied his
bundle into a round.
Gurpa. A variety of the rice plant.
Gurpana. Sugar cane juice mixed
with water in the proportion of
one of sugar cane juice to four ot
water.
Gur tawak. A game played by children.
Gflrtu6. To twist or twirl any thing
in the ear, as a quill, &c. to clean it.
Lutur gurtujtam ilte. Twirl a feather round
in your ear. -,„ , • ii.
Lutur real? daR gurtuo oglokena. Water in the
ear has been expelled by twirling something
in it.
Guru. A teacher, a leader.
Guru bachur
[ 208 ]
Guyuri marte
Guru bachur. Cows and calves, cattle
in general.
Gurum. Calm, silent, still.
Noa katha gurnmakana. This matter ia in
abeyance.
Teheli do bae hoeakafc*a gurumakana. There is
no mnd blowing- to day, it is calm.
Gusa. Cf. ghusa.
Gusau. Cf. ghusau.
Gusti. Family, tribe.
Noko do gnatiko dg-ngea. The whole fa-mily
are witches.
Gusuc. ~) To push oneself in between,
Ghusuc. J to force a way in, to make
a way for oneself by pushing into
or aside.
Hone gusud boloena busiipre. The rat made a
way for himself into the straw (went in amonget
the straw.)
Hor g9.dre gnsue boloenae. He forced his way
into the crowd of people.
Gusun gusun. Alone and silent.
Gusuh gusnhe calaKkana. He goes along quietly
by himself.
Gusur gusur. Cf. gusun gusun.
Gut. Total.
Lekha gutenabo. We are totalled up.
Gut; taka. The total money.
Gutek.") An adjective or an adverb
Gutke. J possessing intensifying force,
very much, many, &c.
Gu^ek horko {ro'iena nes. Very many people
haTT-e died this year.
Guteke dakkeda. It rained heavily.
Gutekko dandomkedea. They imposed a heavy
fine on him. [greatly increased.
Gutekko badhaoentaea gaiko do. His cows have
Kes gutek khilge taheena. This year much
(land) remains fallow,
Nes gutek hoeakana? This year there have
been bumper crops. [disclosed.
Gutek katha liam tot'ena. Many things were
Gutek joakana. There is much fruit, [flood.
Gutek dak calalrkana gadare. The river is in
Gutekko dalkedea. They beat him severely.
Gutek utar. An immense number,
very much, very manj^
Gutek utar takaA khorockeda. I spent a large
sum of money.
Guthla. M.l ci, i. • J- J- J r
f til'' F 1""°^*^ m stature, a dwarf
Guti. An agricultural male servant'
a farm labourer.
Guti. Cf ganda guti.
Guti. \Small pox, the pustules of
Guti rog. J small pox.
Guti rakapakawadea. Small pox pustules have
broken out on him.
Gutia. Belonging to the same sub-
sept or " khond."
Pera guti?.. Friends.
Guti?i pera. Belonging to the same sub-sept
or " khoncj."
PanduteliU gutia bhg-i kanalili, mif khon4 ren
Cil bindha Hasdalf.
Gutia naya. Belonging to the same sub-sept.
Gutiau. To keep to oneself, to arrange
in order.
Gutiankedae, ao moto. He kept it all to him-
self (did not share it.)
Gutiau idikedae. He took it all and went away
with it.
Guteke gutiauana. He kept a large proportion
to himself.
Bapoti dhon aogeye gutig.ukeda. He kept all
the paternal wealth to himself.
Guti dare. A tree or trees on which
tassar silk worms (Antheraea mi-
lytta) are reared, generally Termi-
nalia to'inentosa..
Guti enec. A game played mostly by
herd boys.
Guti thenga. A forked stick with
which tassar silk worms are put
on to high trees.
Tho worms are collected on a branch previously
broken off, and this branch is stuck into
the fork of the stick and by means of it
hung on the tree.
Gutik. State, condition.
Gutik cet'Iekantaea, bes so baric? What is his
condition, is it good or bad, P
Gutke. Cf gutek.
Gutlu. To tickle.
GutluiA khanem adiii bokroBa.
GutriF ' f Short in stature, little.
Nui gutri mara aimai ^.qliye eKgera. This wret-
ched little huzzy is a great scold.
Gutri. Family, stock.
Gutrut. Fit to be taken from the
mother, as a puppy.
Seta hoponiJi lielakadea, bese gutru£akana.
I have seen the puppy, he is well grown.
Gutruli. A deer that has lost his horns.
GutruC saramle goeakadea. We have killed a
saram (q. v.) that had shed Ms horns.
Gutrut. The name given to two
species of Barbets or Woodpeck-
ers, Megalaima caniceps, and
XantholcBtna Indica.
Gutu. To insert, to push in, to thread,
as a needle ; to string, as beads.
Malako gutuia. They string beads.
Suire sut9.m gutuime. Thread the needle.
GuyuQ marte. \ Without warning,
Guyua mente. J unexpectedly.
Guyuu mente berei; got'enae. He sprang up.
Guyuii marteye o(Joh got'eua. He rushed out.
Habaditj
[ 209 ]
Hadam hudum
H
Habadia. A glutton ; to eat greedily,
applied to a person or animal who
eats well but is never in good
conditon.
Nui (Jahra habadiageae. This bullook puts his
food into an ill skin.
Haba duba. To rebuke, to reprove,
to threaten, to frighten.
Haba dub^ baf akedeali. I rebuked him.
HabaK. To take aim with a bow and
arrow, as at something that re-
quires a frequent change of posi-
tion ; to offer, to aim at.
AS sarte habaSaeme. Aim at it with a bow
and arrow.
Eabali mako habalf lioKadiligea, ado ball
t^iigilaSa. They did indeed offer me food
and I did not wait for it.
Habak cubali. Disconnectedly, indis-
tinctly, carelessly.
HabaK cubajf em rof eda. You speak disconnect-
edly.
HabaK cubalfem kamikana. Ton are leaving
one piece of work before you have finished
it and taking up another.
Habak dabak. To rise and fall, like
the waves of the sea ; to heave, as
the water of a river in flood, to
swell, as the sea ; applied also to a
crowd moving gleefully along with
drums beating.
Habak (Jabak daK calaKkana. There is a swell
on the water.
Habela. Very large, big and stout.
HabelaoyaK menaktakoa. Their house is very
large.
Habela jufn. A big, stout young man.
Habhab. l Heartily, gleefully, with
Habhabao. 3 zest.
G?.iko biena menkhan ha.bhabaoko oalalfa.
"When the cows are satisfied they move
heartily.
DaUkedae menkhan habhabaoko sioRa. When
rain falls they plough with zest.
Habic. Till, until, up to, as far as.
TishabioP Till when? (not to-day,) till what
day?
Tin habie? Till when? (to-day,) till what hour ?
Nln hibio. As much as this.
Un'^^^bkl^^--''*^*'^*-
Nun habie. As much as this.
Sahkhan non^le habic ohoii sejerlena.
Other wise I should not have reached to here
(this place.)
Uni do nit h?,bio h5 bae aosanakana. Up till
now he has not obtained relief.
.^urikin paromoK h9.bi6. Until they had crossed
over, or until they cross over.
Panija h»bid dalf tahekana. The water was
up to the waist.
Tis h»bio tahen hoyoKtilia ? Till when shall I
have to stay ?
Habka. A young sal (q. v.) tree about
12 to 18 inches in circumference at
the root, cut as a rafter.
Habka dubka. \To dragoon, to fright-
Hamka dumka.J en by threats, &c.
Alom habka dubk9.ea. Do not dragoon hhn.
Hamka dnmkjkakome. Threaten them with
penalties.
Habka dubka. Applied to the sound
produced by a swimmer striking
the water with his hands and feet.
Nui gidra do habka dubk^e paerakkana.
Habrao. To come near, to come up
to, to reach, to anive ; to cause
to come near, &c ; to escort.
Habfaoge bae habraolena. He would not even
come near.
Monomukhle habraolen tahekana. "We had
reached Monomukh.
Habruk. To suck softish food into the
mouth with a noise.
Daka jom jokheo utuko habruga.
Habuk dabuk. Applied to the sound
produced by a fatigued swimmer.
Uni seta h^buk (JabuKe paeralf kana.
Hacar hacar. Hurriedly, quickly.
Hacaj- haoare oalaKkana. He is hurrying along.
Hadhud. Quietly, without saying any-
thing.
Hacpacao. To hurry, to dragoon, to
harass, to ill-use.
Had. A wine press.
Had. Extraordinary, unusual, strange,
difficult.
Had katha. A strange story.
Hadgeli a^kareda. It seems to me to be extra-
ordinary.
Had. A bone.
Hadac hudud. To walk as if lame or
weak.
Ha<Ja6 hn^uie tajameda. He is limping.
Hadae hadae. Noise made by a mod-
erately strong wind.
Hadae hudui. Rustling of clothes,
when the wearer walks. Cf. ha-
dui hadui.
Hadam hudum. Early in the morning,
before day light, before sun xise.
27
Hadap
[ 210 ]
Haelac liaelao
Hadap. To take peas, &c. out of the
pod, or grain out of the husk with
the teeth ; to nibble.
Honko do suruo bolokate go^ako ha^apada
kheder be'der.
Hadar hadar. Rustling or grating
sound, as that produced by drag-
ging a dry hide, or Palmyra palm
leaf along the ground.
Ce6 gturige ha^ar ha^aremorei:kana?
Hadar hadar. Sound produced by a
stiff gale.
Hadar hadare hoeeda.
Hadar thapar. Eustling sound as when
a dry hide is being carried, to rattle.
Hadar hadar. Sound of scratching,
as by a rat.
Hadbad. "{Knocking, or smashing
Hadbadao. J sound, to rattle.
Gada mundu haijbade oalaKa. He goes smash-
ing through stream and jungle.
Hader. To thro.i:;-, to crowd together,
to have one't> mind set on a thing.
Senoli lagi^e haderolikana. He is very anxious
to go.
Uni thenkohaderoKkantahekana. They were
thronging him.
Hader katha. A mild oath.
Hadgar. The striped hyena, Hyaena
striata.
Hadgur. Sound produced by stirring
in an earthenware vessel.
Hadgur hadgure ghantaeda.
Had had. \ Sound of rushing or fall-
Had hadao. J ing water, boisterous
mirth.
Jharna leka hadhad daR atu toEena. Water
gushed out as from a spring.
Khan J3 tho daK had hadao o;lon go£ena. Then
the water gushed out.
Had hamus. Anaemia, a large pro-
portion of white corpuscles in the
blood, pain in the bones.
Had hud. Rumbling sound, as of
thunder.
Teheii do rimil haij hu^e^kana. The thunder
ifl rumbling to day.
Had hud. Rustling, as of clothes when
the wearer walks, or of wind.
Hadi. A caste of semi-Hinduized abo-
rigines.
Hadi. An accumulation of drift wood,
&e., carried by a river in flood.
Hadi. Aching pains in the neck or
shoulders.
Hadiakanaii. I haye an aching pain in the
neek.
Had jora. A perennial scandent shrub,
Gissus quad/rangularis, Willd, of
supposed efficacy in fractures.
Hadkur. Relatives on father's side.
Mamkur. Relatives on mother's side.
Hados. Anxiety, solicitude, sorrow ;
to be in anxiety, &c.
Nes do horo goeentakote giijiko hadosoKkana.
They are in great anxiety owing to their
rice having died this year.
Hadra hadri. The skin or bark to be
abraded or rubbed off, to strip off
grain from the stalk by the hand.
Cf. hadrao.
Hadrao. The skin or bark to be abra-
ded or rubbed off; to strip off, as
grain from the stalk by the hand.
Hadrao potorenail. I got the skin scraped off.
Onko gidra do raherko hadrao cabake^a.
These children have stripped off all the
raher (q. v.)
Hadui hadui. Shaggy, bushy, as hair.
Toyo oandbol hadui hg.duigetakoa. Jackals
have bushy tails.
Hadui hadui. Rustling sound, as of
clothes when the wearer walks.
Hadur hadur. Scraping, or scratching
sound, roaring of wild beast.
H^dur hadurko geleja.
Hae. ") An exclamation of sorrow
Hae hae. J or pain, alas !
Hae ! cefiem cekakeda ? Alas ! what have you
done?
Oh hae ! eanam horo gocentilia. Alas ! all my
rice has died.
Haecok. To lament, bewail, mourn.
Adiye haecoRena. He mourns deeply.
Acjiye haeooKeda. He is bitterly bewailing
himself.
Hae dhae. To bewail, mourn, lament.
Uni do siii s9.tup hae <Jhaegeye tahena. He
bewails the whole day.
Hae hae. An exclamation of sorrow,
pain, or commiseration, alas ! dear
me ! oh dear ! Cf. hae.
Hae hiatin. To lament, bewail, mourn
over, weep for, bemoan, grieve.
Jjjiye hae hiatiiloKkana hopone goeentae i^te.
She is mourning because her son is dead.
Haelac haelad. To mourn, bewail,
bemoan ; to be anxious.
Jom reak tingi,li haelao haeladem bhabnaKkana?
Hae moe
[ 211 ]
Haimuikat
Hac moe. To be sorrowful or amazed.
Haemoekat. Paralysed through sudden
fear or dread, of impending evil,
speechless, unnervodj astoniod.,
HaemoekatcuaoiomaKbamilfte. Hois unnerved
through hia haying no food.
Hae nisas. Hopeless, despairing, disap-
pointed.
Hae nisaskateli ru*rena. I returned disap-
pointed.
Hae phee-.. To be im continuous
mourning, continuously groaning
owing to poverty or distress..
Hae phoe. As if under a curse^ malison,
or ban.
Hae phoetege otanoKkajia. It is being blown
av;a.y as by a curse..
aere. i ^^ exclamation of sor-
Haere hae. Y i i • i
„ , • row, alas ! woe is me !
Haere haere. J
Haere n^sibtiA, haero kopal, IlSaS jiwi do ande-
sale.
Haesoe. To pity oneself, to mourn.
Haeta cod joeta cod. Without knowing
what the result may be.
NoKoe iii calaKkana haeta ooii joeta con. I am
going but I do not know whether my er-
rand will be successful or not.
Haeta hoeto. | Lonely, isolated.
Hoeta hoeto-. } •'
Haeta hoeto afkaroEkana. To feel lonely.
Hagaeals. Immodestly.
Hagae hugui. Rustling of clothes, as
when the wearer walks.
Hagae huguiko heeena. They came rustling
in their garments..
Hagal gandia. A term of abuse, dirty,
offensively dirty.
Hagao. Threatening to cause another
to be punished or fined,
More (akall hagaonrea. I shall cause yon to
be fined five rupees-.
Haha. Stop, Stop ; hold, don't ; an ex-
clamation of prohibition.
Haha, alope dapala. Hold! don't fight.
Ale dole hahakeda. We caUed out haha
(stop, stop.)
Hahadan. Big, tall, pot-bellied.
Hahadahe hara gofiena. He has shot up very
tall. . . , „
Jom hahadahenae. He has eaten till his belly
bulges out.
Haha haha. Boisterously, heartily, of
laughter.
Haha hahae landaea. He laughs heartily.
Hrihal{. Beware ! take care ! have a
care ! look out !
GuroK jokhoiiko hahaliakoa. When one stum-
bles they call out "have a care !"
DaK ar sciigel hahaU do bae alljoma. Fire and
flood don't obey "take care !"
Hahakar. Consternation, lamentation,
wilderness-, desert.
Ar pon gel maha haha Irarreye tahekana. Atad
he was forty days in the wilderness.
Hahalpali. Shrunken stomach through
want of food; emaciated.
Hahalpa£e gitioakana rehgedte. He is lying
with a shrunken stomach through not hav^
ing had any food.
Lau do liahalpa(;getakoa. Their stomachs are
shrunken.
Hahar. To reap, used by old people
(almost obsolete.)
Khet khon casko hahar rakaba..
Hahar. Cf. bar.
Noa kurtgu do ?4-i hahara. This jacket chafes
me badly.
Hahara. To wonder, to be astonished ;
wonderful, astonishing.
^elkateko haharaena. They saw it and won-
dered.
Hahara k9.mi. A wonderful work, a miracle.
Hahas. To hurt, to pain. Cf. haso^
.^^i hahasa. It.is very painful.
Hahe6. To cool, as hoi. food.
Hiipe; hnpe, hahei ocoaKine. Wait, wait, let
it cool.
Hahi du'H. To overreach or impose
upon one, to cheat, to oppre.?s.
Hahi dudikefleae, bale darelena. He ovet-
reached us, we were no match for him.
Hahi dudikediliae. He imposed upon me.
H^hi dudikateye paromea. He will impose
upon him and cheat him.
4<Ji hahi dudigeae. He is very overreaching.
Hahut. A glutton.
Maraii hahut Kanae. He is a great glutton.
Hai. Won't you, yes, used also to call
attention.
Hai, note alljomme, hantjebokamia. Ho, listen
here, we will work over there.
CalaKam, hai? Hgii, calalfkanali. You will go,
won't yon ? Tes, I am going.
Haiar. A pointed piece of wood or
bamboo, used to dig up roots
tubers, &c.
Haike bote. Certainly, without doubt.
Haike bo^e thikko kamikeda. They certainly
did their work correctly.
Haimuikat. Unnerved, speechless^
astonied. Cf haemoekat.
Haja hojo
[ 212 ]
Hakup caktip
Haja hojo. To hang about, to loaf or
lounge about ; sluggish, feckless.
Ce£ noakore haja hojo baraekauamf Why are
you loafing about here ?
Hajam. To digest, to defraud, not to
repay money, or grain, &c. which
has been borrowed.
Uni do bese hajamleda, haso ho ban hasoledea.
He digested it well, he was in no way
pained.
Khatofc- do mahajon reaK tS'kae hajamke£taea.
The debtor did not repay the money
lender his money.
Hajir. '1 To be present, to be in atten-
Hajirok. J dance, to give, to deliver.
Bae h^jirlente mokordoma khg-rijentaea.
Through his non-appearance his suit was
dismissed.
Nui do idikate Malijhi then hgtjirem. Take
him and deliver him to the village chief.
Gapa hajiroKpe. Appear (or be in attendance)
to-morrow.
Hajot. Imprisonment pending enquiry
or trial, to put in prison.
Hajotenae. He is in prison pending trial.
Hajrao. \To confront, to bring face
Hala hajrao J to face.
Hala hajraokate kulikinpe. Bring them face
to face and question them.
Hajri. Attendance.
H9.jri bgihi. An attendance register, a muster
roll.
Hajur. ") A respectful form of address,
Hujur. j Sir.
Hajur. To be present, to be in atten-
dance, to deliver, make over to. Cf.
hajir.
TT T." >• Just, right, true ; equity, right.
Hak katha. A true statement.
l^am realf hak menaKtaea. He has a right to
receive it.
Hakalf geya meneda. He speaks justly.
Hak. Surety, security, to guarantee.
Jahae hake em gotlekhan uniko aralcfcaea. If
any one will become guarantee they will
set him at liberty.
Hak, To call to cattle when driving
them.
Haka caka. To be surprized, taken
aback, troubled.
Haka caka gof enaii. I was taken aback.
Haka cakaefleako khajna babotre. They are
bothering us about our rent.
Haka haki. To bid against each
other, as at an auction, to shout
at and threaten each other while
quarrelling.
Haka hjkikin k9.ph9.ri»uKkaua. They are quar-
relling and threatening each other.
Hakao. To boast, to challenge.
Hakaokateye meukeda, ma okoa herel goo
darekeiiae ? He challenged them and said,
Who is the man that can kill me P
Hakao. To call or shout out, to bid
at an auction ; to apprise, as
dacoits are said sometimes to do
those whom they intend robbing ;
openly.
Hakaokateko heoena d^ku do. The dacoits
sent intimation and came.
Hakaokateye idikeda. He took it openly.
Hakar hakar. Applied to a peculiar
sound made by the pariah dog
when chasing anything.
Seta hakar hakare khudau idikedea,
Hakar hakar. Applied to the call of
the leopard at a certain season of
the year, also to the wheezing of a
person suffering from bronchitis.
Hakar hakar^oKako po^ea tarup.
Hakar hakare sahe£eda. He wheezes.
Hakar tokar. To call to each other
when watching crops, &c. at night.
Hakar tokar baraepe. Keep shouting to each
other.
Hak hak. To laugh, to guffaw.
HaK haMe landaeda. He guffaws.
Hukifol } Tidings, intelligence, news.
Boge hukigo€. The Gospel.
Hakim. A magistrate.
Hak nahak. Without cause or reason,
groundlessly.
Hak nahake ruhe£kediiia. He scolded me
without reason.
Hak nahakgeye bodnamedekana. He gives
him a bad name groundlessly.
Hako. A fish.
Hakopako. Quickly.
NitoSe hakopakoeda. Now he is exerting
himself.
Hakopakoe tarameda. He walks quickly.
Hakopako. The call of the Karl bird
(q. V.)
Hako phare. Quickly, expeditiously.
Hakrao. \ To invoke, or call upon
Hakrao dakrao. J a deity.
Hakup cakup. Quickly, to bother,
to dun, to insist on getting a
thing.
H?.kup cakupin jomkeda. I ate quickly.
Sao mahajon adiyehgiknp cg,knpedilikana. The
money lender keeps dunning me.
Mahajone hakup cakupkedeteye darkeda. He
left owing to the money lender 'giving him
no peace.
Hakur hakur
[ 213 ]
Haler
Hakur hakur. Applied to the call of
tigers at the rutting season.
Onte alope oalaUa t?irup hakur haknredao.
HahurpaU;}^^'°^^' full-faced, chubby.
Hal. Moisture, sap.
Noa jaegaro hal bae or hoda. The moisture in
this place does not soon dry up.
Halgeye atkareda. He is not hungry.
Hal. Condition, circumstances, case,
posture of one's affairs, state.
Cei halenaeP What are his oiroumstanoes ?
Oka lekan hah:eye paraoakanaP What has
happened to him ?
Hal. The tire of a wheel.
Hala. To repay, to return anything
borrowed, as money, grain &c ; to
return, as blow for blow, &c.
Badla hala. "1
Bodla hala. > To take revenge.
Pailja hala. J
Dal hala. To return a blow.
Euhe€ hala. To aoold in return.
Em hala. To repay, to return.
Jom hala. To give a meal in return for a meal.
Nes do ball hala daf eatama. I cannot repay
you this year.
Hala. C£ halla.
Halae halae. Sound produced by a
strong wind blowing.
Halae halaeye hoeeda.
Halae halae. Rain accompanied
with wind from the east.
Hala hajrao. C£ hajrao.
Hala hali. Equal, equalized.
Hala hali hoeentabena, besena. Ton are now
equalised, all is well.
Hala hali. In exchange for ; to recom-
pense ; a recompense, retribution.
Hala haliko liama, ako, bahkhan gidr^t pidrako.
They will receive a recompense, either they
or their children.
Halak. To be ruined, to be destitute,
to be in want of the necessaries
of life ; destruction, ruin, difficulty.
Adi halakenae. He is very destitute.
Nit hoko halakakana. They are even now desti-
tute of the necessaries of life.
Kicridteko halakoKa. They also get into a bad
case through want of clothing.
Halak cabaenako. They are ruined.
Halak dalak. \ Shaking, swaying, rol-
Hilak dalak. J ling along.
Nui maejiu do okate halak dalake calakkanaf
Halad. To pick or lift up, to amass.
Boy halati. To say all kind of things — "-
angry.
Homor halan.
when
To wail and come over again
and again the good qualities of the person
being mourned for.
Halan sari. A kind of sari with an
elaborate pattern at each end inred.
Hala lililalf. To wander about, as one
forlorn.
TT ) ' > An oath, solemn affirmation.
Halap oooeal). I will put him on his oath.
Halat. Condition, state, circumstances,
posture of one's affairs.
Halat halat'. ISIightly, indistinctly,
l^alali rialalf. J partially.
Hala£ halaU iA art jomakafa. I heard indistinctly.
Halati halat'i^ ba^aea. I know a little about it.
Halbal. Restless, fidgetty, mischiev-
ous, applied to children.
Alom halbala. Do not be restless.
Halbal bayaea. He is fidgetty.
Alo sem halbala nitoK do, nondeko galmarao-
kana. Do not be restless now, they are
conversing here.
Halbalia. Restless, fidgetty, mischiev-
ous. Cf. halbal.
Hal batoria. A system of cultivation
in which a man gives his services
for two days as ploughman in re-
turn for the bullocks and plough
for one day for his own use.
Hal boha. A ploughman.
Hal cal. News, intelligence.
Hale. It this state, under the cir-
cumstances, thus.
Cedalf hale bam durupa? Wherefore will yon
not fit down ? [you do not beKeve ?
Cekate hale bape pg.tiauKkana? How is it that
CedaK hale bajfi dieamete? Wherefore shoultj
I not remember you P
Ce£ halom lieltep What would you seep
Okoe hale nonkaket P Who could have done
thisP [lovely.
Cei; hale 9.Qli moAjili Iielkeda. It was perfectly
Hale bhac. Call to a dog when hound-
ing it on.
Hale dale. To be destitute, to be in
want, to be needy, necessitous,
pinched, straitened, perplexed.
Nes horo godentakote hor do i^i baricko hale
daleena. Owing to the rice having died
this year the people are in very straitened
circumstances.
Hale Jan. Cf hale dale.
Haler. To ruin or destroy, applied
mainly to the destruction of crops,
&c. by animals grazing on them.
Sanam baha meromko jom halerkeda. The
goats ate and destroyed all the flowers.
;^^i haleroKkana, jom ocoedako. (The growing
crop) is being destroyed, they are allowing
(cattle) to graze on it.
Halhal
[ 214 J
Elambud
Halhal. Urgent, pressing, as agricul-
tural operations at certain seasons
of the year ; actively.
Halhal kami jokhee nui do dara loaraekanae, tia
adoe kamia ? He goes about when work is
urgent, then when will he worK ?
Halhalao. To press, to be urgent, to
hurry.
Halhalao idikeditiae. He hurried me away with
him.
Hal hawal. State, condition, circum-
stance. Cf. hal.
Hali. \Modem, new, recent, present,
Hali hali. J now.
Nia h^lire. At the present time, just now.
Hgili realt ghofona kangea. It ia a recent
event.
Hali khoroc. Current expenses.
Hali. A set of four. Cf ganda.
Halim. Cress, Lepidiuin sativum.,
Linn., cultivated mainly for its
medicinal properties.
Hali sali. A short time ago, a few days
ago.
Jiwi hijli sgili ^tkir hodabon.
Halka. Slight, of little weight ; to
disdain, to dis-esteem, +o think
lightly of
Halka. An iron ring and hook con-
nected by a link used to yoke
cattle to a karha (q. v.)
Hal kahil. To subdue, to overcome,
to convict.
Kacaharireko hal bg-hilkoa. They subdue them
at the court (convict them.)
Halkal. To subdue, to overcome.
H9.1k9.1kef;kinae. He subdued them.
Halkhao. ") To covet, to long for what
Harkhao. J another has, applied
mainly to children.
Halla. 1
Hallabhai.J
Hall^ bhai, jit^iuakanam. Bravo I you have
conquered.
Haljnal. Confused, conflicting, from all
directions. Cf almal.
Halo. To lift with a swoop, as a hawk
its prey ; to scoop out with the
hand or some implement fish out
of water, &c.
Kufiti doe halo go^kedea. The vulture carried
it (chicken) oi¥ with a swoop.
^ Bravo ! Well done ! aha !
Hako sa3a;{)le dukana, oetan renkole halo bars-
ket'koa. "We went to catch fish, we scooped
with the hand those on the surifaoe of the
water.
Halobalo. ") To keep- moving the arms
Halobato. J about, to touch everything
as a restless child. C£ halbal.
Halo bato baraekanae uo?iroK lagi^. He ia
moving his arms (a child) to go to some one
else's arms.
Hal sal. Within the year, the present
year.
Hal salgeye heeena.. He came diiring the
present year.
Halua haran. In evil case, hard pushed,
distressed, harassed.
Il^ doli halu^i haranena mokordoma bah caba
hodokkana. I am harassed through the delay
(of the court) in deciding my law suit.
Kehgectele hg-lua haranena. We are distressed
through hunger.
Halwae. A Hindu caste, a sweet-
meat seller.
Halwancador. }^1°*^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^''^^^-
Halwani. With the purpose of caus-
ing annoyance or trouble.
Noa do halw9.nipe metaiikana, noa ohoA leteo-
lea. Tou are lelling me to do this for the
purpose of annoying me, I am not equal
to it.
Hama homo. To rebuke, to frighten.
Hama homoem-. Rebuke him.
Kulg-i tofc' gotenae hama homokedeako. A hare
was raised, and they frightened him (to
make him run into the net.)
Hamal. ") Heavy, ponderous, burden-
Hambal. J some.
Sen hamaloR . To be responsible, to bear the
consequences.
Hamal katha. A serious, or important matter.
Calak realf hamalgeli afkareda. I feel going
to be very burdensome (or distasteful.)
Am do ente oalaKem hamalaf; khao bahkhanem
i5amkea. Ton considered it a burden to
go, otherwise you would have got it.
Hamal khun. 7 m i , •
Hemal khun.j^*^ ^^"^'^ abortion.
Hamal khunkedae. He caused abortion.
Hamar. A granary, a store house for
grain.
Hambuc. "i To draw an arrow to
Tiali hambuc. j the head.
Bali tieilf hambud dareaKkana. I cannot draw
the arrow to its head.
Lipsa alite sar tialf hambujoKa. With a yield-
ing bow the arrow can be drawn to its
head.
Hambur
[ 215 ]
Handrud handruii
Hambur. To bite with the front teeth.
Gidr?, ko httpambnya. Children bite each other.
EapaK ion(Jrako h?,mbura. They bite ofE (or
detach) roasted Indian corn (from tUo oob)
with the front teeth.
Hambut}. "l To lie down with the arms
Hamut. J round, to nestle, as a
child in its mother's bosom ; ap-
plied also to a tiger, &c., cover-
ring its victim with its body.
HapambudoK. I To lie in each others arms,
Hapam bundoK . j as two children.
H^mbntedekanae. She is lying down with
(the child) him in her bosom.
Hamer. A granary, a store house.
Hamet. To take all, to keep, to keep to
oneself what belongs to others.
Acgeye hametana. He kept it to himself.
Ona hamet joii l9.gi{ liiraKpe. Enn to secure it.
Hamor. A granary, a grain store
house.
Hamram. Abundant, copious, lacking
nothing.
Hamram sawae serma. A year of plenty.
Hamram bes okocteko beoharadiila. There
was nothing lacking in their treatment of
me.
Hamrame oraKakawana. He has built himself
a house complete in every detail.
Hamram jonako. They will enjoy thetnselTes
to the full (nothing wanting.)
Hamramko ataa daramkedea. Their reception
of him left nothing to be desired.
Hamtulc. Cf humtalj.
Hamus. Anaemia.
Hamut. Cf hambuli.
TT*°". j-Loss, injury, deficiency, harm.
H^n hoyoRa^ | ^^^^^^ ^jH ^^ j^.g
I have met with a great loss.
Hani hoyoS
.^(Jiil h^nena
or injury.
H9.n darama mente. For the purpose of provid-
ing against a casualty.
Hana. Beyond, other,' that.
HanataK. The one beyond.
Hana puri. The other world.
Hana sa. The other aide.
Hana darere. In that tree over there.
Hana^alcre dohoeme. Place it in the one yonder.
Hanali gujuk. J " " "'
Uni do duk henatttaea hauaK gujuS . He is
suffering from epilepsy.
Hana nha. This and that.
Hana nha oraKte alope near baraKa. Do not
go from house to house.
Cef lekam roreda, hana nha ? mi£ leka bare ror-
me. How are you speaking, this thing and
that thing P Say one thing.
Hanam. Old. Cf haram.
Hanao. To cause loss, injury or defici-
ency to another, to thwart.
Hanaokedead. I thwarted him.
Alom hasi hanaokoa. Do not pain them by
mocking.
Hanap gujuU. Cf hanalc.
Hanar hanar. Sound produced by
morris bells attached to a band
round the ankles.
Hanar j hanar. Sound produced by
morris bells attached to an anklet
paengan (q. v.)
TT J- io be painful, sore.
Hanaso. J ^ '
HaaoaK hanasaK uridke norom keam.
Alom hasi hanaskoa. Do not cause them pain
by mocking.
Hande. There, yonder.
H9.ni han(Jeye burumakana. He is lying down
over there.
Han^e oalaKme. Go there.
Hane hanije henaka. It is away over yonder.
Handha. A large earthenware jar.
Handi. The Santal national liquor pre-
pared from rice, &c.
Tan h^niji. The liquor first drawn off.
Doja h*n(Ji. The liquor obtained by putting
water a second time on the malted grain.
Bo(Joo han(Ji. The liquor obtained by a third
application of water to the malted grain
wMch is squeezed.
Siair h^niji. Liquor given by the Maiijhi on the
first evening of the Sohrae (q. v.), also to
the young people after the bride has left for
her husband's houge.
Poooe h?n4i. Paohwae, the rice beer manu-
factured by Hindus and sold in the Govern-
ment licensed liquor shops.
H^n^i dohoe. To manufacture rice beer.
Handi kundi. A common plant, Phys-
alis minima, Linn.
Handkao. To annoy.
Handkur. \To stir rapidly,
Handkur handkur. J call of the leopard.
Cf hadgur hadgur.
H?.n4kur handkiire ghan{aeda. He is stirring
it rapidly.
Handrao. I^^^^^j.^g^^.j ^ ^^_
Handrau. ) '='
Handrulc. A wooden rat trap.
H^ncJruK marte liurena. It (the lid) fell with a
bang.
Handrun handrun. Sound of stirring
in an earthenware vessel with an
iron ladle or spoon.
Hg.n(Jruh hgin^ruh dakako ghantaea.
Handrua handrun
[ 216 1
Hapamun
Handrun handruA. Applied to the call
of leopards at a certain season of
the year.
Potea t^rup do h9.n4ruh hjnglruiiko laga,
Handrun. A hollow, gap, fissure.
Maran iit?.re atu handrunkeda. The water has
worn a great gap.
Hane. There, yonder, away over there.
Hane.\Loss, injury, harm, deficiency.
Hani. J Of. han.
Handua. An article of food prepared
from the young shoots (helta q. v.)
of the bamboo.
When the ahoota of the bamboo are a foot or so
above the ground they are gathered and
taken home. They are then out into thin
alices and ground in the dhehki (q. v.) into
a kind of flour. Thia flour is put into a
pot and the air excluded, and allowed to
atand for three daya. It ia then taken out
aJid spread upon a flat stone and dried. It
is then hg-ndu?., and is used to make utu
(relish) and bhgirt?. (ohutni.)
Hane mar. \To oppress, to act cru-
Hane mare. J elly or unfeelingly towards
another.
CedaK gidram hanemare£koa ? "Why do you
treat the children cruelly P
Had. Short of, short, not to the full,
employed in comp. with verbs.
Lebet' hg-fienae. He missed hia footing.
Jom hahenae. He has not eaten to aatiaf action,
^u hahenae. He haa not quenched hia thirst.
Hahgam. |^^ ^, ^^ ^^^^^_
liangama.J
Hangam. Cf baagam.
Hange. To take. Gf. hatao.
Hanhanao. To neigh, as a horse.
Sikria sadom maiye hanhanaoKkana.
Hanhar. Wife's mother.
Hanhariii. My wife's mother.
Hanharme. Thy wife's mother.
Hanharea. Mother-in-law and da-
ughter-in-law.
Hani. Loss, injury, harm, deficiency.
Cf han.
tt' -1 p [That one (animate.)
Hani daraekana. Yonder he cornea.
H^nitaE daleme. Strike that one.
Ma rieleme, hg-ni hancleye burumakana. Look
at him, he ia lying down over yonder.
Sate.}^!^^*-'^^^'^^*^'^*^^^-
Hankate ?,curoKme. Go round that way.
Hankanankakogalmaraokana. They oonverae
about this and that.
Hankin. The two over there, or yonder.
Hanko. Those over there, or yonder,
Hanko tora enecko helaoena.
Hantao. To rebuke, to chide, to put
one down.
Hantao ru9,rkedi]iako. They put me down
(would not listen to me.)
Hantao. To annoy, to bother.
Nui gidrai siiisafupe hantaoediti kana. This
child bothers me continually.
Hantere Inhere, over there, yonder.
Hantekme. Move along a little.
Hante Aogeme. Cause him to move along a
Uttle.
Hao. A species of large red ant.
Hao potom. A nest of red ants.
These ants are eaten by the Santala.
Haobhao. Harmony, friendship, good-
will.
Haora. Distress, scarcity, famine.
Noa haorarebo baficaolen nahi, tobe nahibon
caaa. We must firat survive thia famine
then we will raise crops.
Haora. Obstinate, rebellious, stupid.
Hap. To eat, to take a bite, to eat a
little, to pick, as a person without
appetite.
Hap iiigul. To pretend to eat.
AmaK it^i arse jomale habale. We will eat
thy leavings of food (said after a food
offering.)
Hap legaadeali bae jomlaKa. I put it to hia
mouth, but he did not eat.
Hap baraledak, bae ^.tiiilaKa. She (cow)
nipped the top ofl:, she did not graze on it.
Hapa. A light staff, or walking stick.
Hapac hupud. Quietly, without a word,
stealthily.
Hapac hupudkin bere^ calaoena. They rose
and left without a word.
Hapak hapak. ") Shrunken or empty
Hapak hupuk. J stomach, weak
through hunger.
Hapak hupuk lad lielokkantaea, Hia belly
looks shrunken.
Hapambudok. 1 -d • , f. ^
XT "^ 1 11. Keciprocal forms of
Hapambundok. y i ^ i ,. / s
TT ^ i ,, hambut (q. v.)
Hapammundok.J • ^^ ■'
Hapamun. ") Of full growth or
Hara hapamun. J age, mature, ap-
plied to females only.
Hara hapamunenae. She is of full age.
Haparao
[ 217 ]
Hara
Haparao. To contest, to strive for
victory.
JVir haparao. To run a race.
Tapam haparao. To compete in wrestling.
Eneo haparao. To compete in dancing.
Kjmi haparao. To work against each other.
Haparup. Reciprocal form of harup
(q.v.)
Hapatid. Reciprocal form of hatiii
(q.v.)
Hapca. 1
Hapca hapci. j-To pursue and seize
Hapcao. J hold of
Hapcao tioK gofikedeae. He pursued and
caught it.
Hapoa hgipci lagakedeae. He ran after it and
bit it now and again (as a dog chasing a
jackal.)
Hapcao gotkedeae. He pursued and caught it.
XT n [■ To be silent, to be hushed.
Hapekoifpe. Hush, be silent.
Hape thirkoKpe. Be still and silent.
Alijom hapekedali. I listened and made no
reply.
Hapen. By and by, in the future.
Sanam horbon gujuKa hapen. We must all die
sooner or later.
BeleKa hapen. It will ripen by and by.
SaboKae hapen. He will be caught yet.
Haphni. Panting after exertion, or
through disease.
Haphni sahe^edae.
Hapho.l To pant, to breathe heavily as
Sepho. J one breathless with exertion.
Hap ikrum. To bite the under lip
when in a temper.
Hapka dupka. To frighten by threats,
to dragoon.
Hapka dupka barakefkoali. I frightened them
with threats.
Hapo. To be silent, to be hushed.
Hapo thiroKpe. Be silent.
Hapote tahenpe. Kemain silent.
Hapoenail. I am silent.
HapraK. Large, big, great.
Adi hapraKgea. It is very large.
HapragoRa. It will become big.
Hapramko. Ancestors, forbears.
Mare hapramko. The ancients.
Hapsi. To joke, to ridicule.
Hapsiedilikanako. They are ridiculing me.
Hapsi duk. The asthma.
Hapta. A week, a week's wages.
Hapta atahe senakana. He has gone to get
his week's wages.
Having thick, protrud-
ing lips.
Haptao. To contend as to who shall
win, to compete.
Uni tuluo a^m hap(aoakana.
Hapulf. The Night-jar, Gaprimulgus
monticolua.
Hapuk hara.
Hapuk moca.
Hapuk thotna.
H9.puK moca mara hor. A thick-lipped rascal.
Har. The " haur ", bhil, marsh.
Har. To overcome, to throw animals
by pulling their legs from under-
neath them.
Hare Isigif. To overcome him.
Dhg.rtili h?.rakaia. I have overcome the world.
Jahga hareme. Seize and puU his legs from
under him.
Har gitiokedeali. I threw him by pulling his
legs from under him.
Har kundlaii. To throw down, to vanquish.
Har, To draw towards oneself by the
hand or any implement, to collect
together, to lift and take away.
Hjr saoha. To care for, as for an orphan or
destitute person.
Har aamfao. To gather together.
Har giiji. To collect and throw away.
Har »gu. To collect and bring.
Har idi. To gather up and take away,
ifiiitum h*r joii. To make a reputation for
oneself, whether good or bad.
Har. The name by which all fish in-
toxicants are known.
Har. To rub or chafe, as tight, coarse,
or wet clothes ; rough or rasping
feeling as when the hand is licked
by a calf
KurtateA harena. My jacket has chafed me.
Hara. To grow, to increase.
Hara bnruR . To grow to maturity.
Hara jarjo. ■)
Hara jhaka. fOf fuU age, an adult, either
Hara jhuku. I male or female.
Hara jhamat. )
Hara juan. Full grown youth, male or female.
Hara rata. "\
Hara sat. ( Arrived at fuU growth, either
Hara thul. f male or female.
Hara thur. J
Harahapamun. Female arrived at full growth.
Hara mora. Anything that has died a natural
death, applied to animals and crops alike.
Hara mora ili do bali joma. I will not eat the
flesh of animals that have died of them-
Buru leka jiwi haraena, sakwa leka goco hara-
entalea. Our spirits have risen as high as
ahiU, our moustaches have grown like
ram's horns, i. e. we are greatly elated.
Hara. A hill.
Hara latar latarte oalaKkanae. He is going
along the foot of the hill.
MaraKkoko heyokeda burure, mana, harare.
28
Haradata
[ 218 ]
Harephare
Haradata. Name of a place found in
the oldest traditions of the Santals.
Khojkamanreii khojlen,
HaradatareA haralen.
I was sought for in Khojkaman,
I grew up in Haradata. Old song.
Hara hari. Competition, rivalry, jea-
lousy ; to compete, to rival.
Hara harikin kamikana. They are working in
rivalry.
Haralj. To trip, to stumble.
Haralf gurenae. He tripped and fell.
Jaiiga haragoKkantakoa. They are tripping.
Harakat.]
Harkat. j-Loss, delay, injury.
Harket. j
Bam hec5 hotlente kami harkatentiiia. My
work has suffered through your delay in
coming.
Hara latar. To overtop, to outgrow.
Iiipe hara latarkedilia. You have out grown me,
you are taller than I am.
Haralc patalc.lTo cross the legs when
Hare£ patet. ) walking through weak-
ness, or a heavy load.
HayaK pataKe oalaKkana.
Haram. Old, to become old.
StrWo.loi-i--
Haram budhi. Man and wife no longer young.
Hajram (Janra. An old bullock.
Hajam dare. An old tree. [couple.
Pherkin haram budhiena. They are a very old
Haram jokheo. Old age.
Haramena. It has become old.
Ha ram okare menaea? Where is the old man?
Haran. 1 Confusion or distress of mind,
Haron. J trouble, annoyance, bother.
Haran chuoha. Unmitigated trouble.
Aguharanenall. I brought it with great trouble.
Haran. ") Disagreeable taste in
Haran haran. ) the throat and mouth
when suffering from a cold, unpal-
atable.
Mooare haraii harahiA a^kareda. I feel a dis-
agreeable taste in my mouth.
lain lahawaK gur haran aik9,l^Ka. Over-boiled
sugar cane juice has a disagreeable taste.
Matkom gur haraiigea. The stigar extracted
from matkom (q. v.) is unpalatable.
Haran hurun. Quickly, hastily as a
person enraged.
Edre ente, haraii huruiie oalaogoCena. He be-
came angry and rushed away.
Harao. To conquer, to defeat, to beat,
to weary, tire out.
Haraoenae. He is beaten.
Haraokedeam. You conquered him.
Haraf). "1 To be accomplished, efficient,
Harrap. J capable.
OloK pajrhaoKreye harapakana. He is efficient
in reading and writing.
Harar. To slip on, over, or through, a3
a ring on the finger, beads on a
sting, &c., to pierce, as with an ar-
row ; to transfix.
Gan^garur do dereliteye harar idikedea. The
rhinoceros carried him away transfixed on
his horn.
Sarteii tuii harar gofkedea. I shot and trans-
fixed him with an arrow.
Mit ten dhena cere mit harare jela.
Sound of cracking, as of
a branch; of rumb-
ling, as of thunder;
bang, crash ; suddenly,
Haras.
Haras haras.
Haras mente.
Haras marte. ^
in a clap.
Haras marteye gocena. He died suddenly.
Haras mente liurena. It fell with a thud.
Eimil haras haras saijekaua. The thunder
peals.
Haratal. To become of full age, adult.
Haratalenako. They are full grown.
Harba. The Indian Scaly Ant-eater,
Manis pentadactyla.
Harban harbun.lTo move in a straight
Harbun harbun. J line, to go straight
forward.
Harban hurban. To move in a zigzag,
to wriggle along, as a snake; crook-
ed, bent.
Harban hurbaii biAko leifioKa. Snakes wrig-
gle along.
Harcat horcoli. Rough, uneven, ups
and downs.
Harca^ horcot hor. An uneven pathway.
Hardund. "j Self-willed,head-strong,in-
Hardundi. J- dependent, over-bearing,
Hardundia. j violent, oppressive.
Nui do hardundkate hataokettiliae. He took
it from rae by violence.
4di hardund hor kanae. He is very overbear-
ing.
Porja alom hardundikoa. Do not oppress the
ryots.
A(Ji hgirdundia hor kanae. He acts oppressively.
Harea garea. To loiter, cringe, loaf
about ; bashful, shame-faced, a-
shamed.
Lajaote harea garea barae kanae. She ia
loitering through bashfulness.
Okoe kami banuKtaea uni ho harea garea bara-
ea. A person out of work goes loitering
about.
Harek. Every one, all.
Harek rokom menaKa. There are all kinds of
them.
Harephare. Quickly, rapidly, without
delay.
Harephare saprao hodoKpe. Get ready quickly.
Haret patet;
[ 219 ]
Harit
Hare<i patel Crossing the feet when
^¥alkmg. Cf. harali patal<.
Harghari. Always, incessantly.
Harghaser. Anything and everything,
every sort and variety of people
or things, indiscriminately.
Har gliaaere jomeda. He eats anything and
BTerythiug.
Har hamus. Anaemia. Cf had hamus.
Harhao. To covet, to long for, to be
tantalized at seeing something one
can't get.
Efalf horaB jinia lielte alom harhaoRa. Do not
covet what you see other people have.
Harhar. Sound produced by a moder-
ately strong wind.
Harhare hoeeda.
Harhar. ") To rumble or roll, as thun-
Harharao. j der, railway train, cart ;
to roar, as a tempest.
Eimil harharaoKkana. The thunder rolls.
Burure harharaoKa ^ndhi jokhec. "During a
storm the hills resound with the roar of
the tempest.
Harhar sa^ekana hoe do. The wind roars.
XT. '.L j i; [■ Bitter, to become bitter.
Harhat sisir. Gall. [ing.
Harhe. To break, to destroy by break-
Dairko sakamko sanamko harhe cabakeda.
They broke all the branches and leaves.
Harhur. Thudding sound, as when a
tree falls, or a house collapses.
Harhur. Whizzing sound, as that pro-
duced by a body moving rapidly
through the air.
Hari. Fetters.
Hari biri. Fetters and manacles.
Hari biri hor. A prisoner.
Hari. To cross a thread, rope, &c, when
tying or plaiting ; two or more
pieces of rope or twine crossing
each other at right angles.
Baberko hgiriakafa. They have crossed the
ropes.
Barahi harikateko bandia. They lay ropes cross-
wise on the ground before beginning to
put rice in the bandi. (q. v.)
Hari tol. \A method of fixing feathers
Sikri tol. J on arrows.
Hari. ^
Hari jui. [-Hunting calls.
Hari joe.J
When an animal has been wounded the person
who wounded it and the members of his
village present shout the name of their vil-
lage to which hariis added, thus, " Ghosal-
4ih hari, Gosalijih h^ri, " so that all may
know that the animal belongs to an inhabi-
tant of Ghoaalijih. Hari is also used to
collect the members of a village at the break
up of a hunt, thus the villagers of Gho-
salcjih call " Ghosalijih h?.ri Ghosal(Jih
h^ri, " as a warning to all belonging to that
village to gather together for the homeward
journey.
H?iri jui, and hari joe are used in the same sense
as h9>ri.
TT„ ' •'. [-Shout when driving away a dog.
Haria. ") One fold of cloth, or once
Ek haria. J round as in tying a rope,
&c., a harrow or clod crusher drawn
by one pair of oxen or buffaloes. Cf
ekharia.
Do hgiria. A harrow or clod crusher drawn by
two pairs of oxen or buffaloes.
Ek hariate tolme. Tie it by putting the rope
once round.
Haria busia. Ashamed after defeat,
silent and sullen after defeat.
Haria busiae durupakana. He sits ashamed
after his defeat.
Haria garia. Cf harea garea.
Hariak.1 A shout to buffaloes when
Harioli.J driving them.
Hariar. Green.
HariaroKa hapen. It will become green.
Hariar sim. A festival observed after
the rice has been planted. Fowls
are sacrificed to all the tribal and
village gods and godlets, and
prayers offered for a bounteous
harvest.
Hari bhari. To give property of vari-
ous kinds in payment of a debt.
Hari bhari emoKme, bahkhan ohoii bagilema.
Give property in payment of your debt, if not,
I will not leave you alone.
Hari bhon. In comprehensible, inexpli-
cable, stupid.
Noko hor real? do hari bhonge ?.ik?uia. These
people are incomprehensible.
Haribol. A ghout given at a marriage
when the red lead (sindur, q. v.)
has been applied by the bride-
groom to the bride's forehead.
Baplareko haribola. They shout " h9.ribol "
at marriages.
Haric. Until, up till, up to. Cf dharic.
Harit. To be wearied out, vanquished,
beaten.
Eof rortem hjrittoKa al5jom ^e bae aj5joma.
You will be wearied oat telling him, he will
not obey.
Harjak harjak
[ 220 ]
Harta
Harjak harjak. A call to buffaloes.
Harka. A large bamboo basket or
hamper with a lid.
Harka harki. At cross purposes, at
variance with each other, quarrel-
ling, altercating.
HaJkeU^f-^*^^"^^^*-
Harkha harkhi. To tantalize, to irritate.
Nui doe harkha hjrkhi baraekana. He wishes
to tantalize.
Harkha h?irkhi l^giiem g,guaka€a. Tou have
brought it just to tantalize.
Harkhao. To covet, to wish for what
another is seen to have, to dis-
appoint, to refuse to fulfil a pro-
mise.
Harkhet. Trouble, misery, hardship,
affliction.
Harkhet saaet. Trouble and affliction.
4.41 bgirioiA harkhetoKkana. I am in great
misery.
Harkhetia. Miserable, afflicted, troubl-
ed, wretched.
Ohae, ili harkheti? hor do. Oh I wretched
man that I am.
Harmad. "|
Harmadia. VScoundrelly, rascally, base.
Harmand. J
Harmar. \ Hastily, quickly, rapidly,
Hurmur. J industriously.
Am do h9.rm9irem k9.mikana onatem bajaoena.
Tou struck yourself because you are work-
ing hastily.
Sanam t?.ndi harmariii dara agukeda. I walk-
ed over the' "whole ground quickly.
Harna. A deer.
Harna. To fail, to be conquered.
Harna bai. Convulsions of a peculiar
nature to which human beings and
animals are subject.
Harna bharna. To give property of
various kinds in payment of a debt.
Harna bharnatele em cabaadea. We paid him
all by giving him goods (or stock.)
Harna morna. To die, to die a natural
death.
Harna hiloE morna hUoK. ) Day of death, time
Harna morna hiloK. ) of dying,
Harna morna bae joma uni do. He will not eat
the flesh of animals which have died a
natural death.
Haron. Confusion or distress of mind,
trouble, annoyance, distress. Cf.
haran.
Harop. A letter of the alphabet.
Harop. To fit into, to join closely, as
one piece of wood into another ; to
fit into, as one cog wheel into an-
other ; to place in or on anything
forked ; to vanquish, to overcome.
Par khub haropakana. The beams an fitted
' closely. ' . [other.
Haropakana. Of two wheels fitting into each
Cangare harop kam. Rest it on, or in the fork.
Uni hor doko haropkedea. They have vanr
quished that man.
Harop. Time, used of time from sunset
to nearly midnight.
KedoK jom harop. Suppertime, about 10 p. m.
G^i ader harop. Time to house the cows,
about 6-30 p.m.
Kaija ader harop. Time to house the baffaloes,
about 10 p. m.
Kisar kedoK jom harop. The rich man's supper
time, about 11 p. m.
Harpat. "| Sound of an animal
Harpat harpat. >■ running, as a horse,
Harpat marte. J deer, &c., trampling.
Lnturtele a/ijomledea harpat harpafe d?.rkeda.
We heard him go trottiug past.
Harpat marte tot' go);enae. It rushed out and
away.
Sadom harpat harpatko dara. Horses make a
trampling noise when running.
^^''^S'l Gills of fishes.
Harrat. J
Harrap, ") Fraudulent, over reaching, as
Hadrap. 3 a dishonest money lender
cheating his debtors ; overbearing,
harsh.
Nui mahajon do adiye harrapa. This money
lender is very over reaching.
Harrap. To be accomplished, efiicient,
capable. C£ harap.
Harsur. To become low, as a fire, to
become reduced in circumstances.
Seiigel harsuroKkana. The fire is burning low.
NahaKe harsurena, sedaere khub ganganeae ta-
hekana. He is reduced now, in the olden
days he was very well-to-do.
Harta. Skin, leather, a hide.
Kada harta. A buffaloe hide.
Paiira harta. An ox hide.
Harta mooa. 'I A mouth or lips of skin, not to be
Harta luti. ) depended on to speak the trutli.
Harta luti reaU thik banuKanaii. Word of
mouth is not to be depended on.
Harta pal, jah nahel. A pig's snout.
Hormo harta bes okocte tahenkhan. If the
body is in health.
Jiwi jati hormo harta boge baragetabona? Are
we all well in every respect ?
Harta. ") To serve out food, to place
Hartao. J food before one.
Dakako hartaakoa. They place cooked rice
before them.
HatrG
[ 221 ]
Has gadlaW
HartaakawadealS bae iomleda. I placed food
before him, but he did not eat.
Hartaapea^ko bape jompe. Eat what is set
before you.
Halru. The Langur or Hanuman mon-
key of Bengal and Central India,
Presbytis entellus.
Harum tarum. ") tt xi • 1 1
Harumtarum.j^^^*^^^'^^"^'^!^-
A(Ji h?.f um t9.rume lagaefkoa. He is driving
them (cattle) very quickly.
Hgirum tarumko joma. They eat hastily.
Harun. ") To be in a sorry plight,
Gerad harun. J to be in a condition
in which mourning and weeping
are natural, to weep and groan,
to moan and weep.
Geraii haruhko raga. They weep and moan.
A^i gerah haruiile ruaSkana. We are in a
sorry plight through fever.
Jao hiloK gerahge hg-ruuge. Every day distress
and weeping.
Harud patun. Quickly, hastily, ap-
plied to the movements of tall
persons.
Harun patuhe oalaoena. He (some tall person)
left hastily.
Harup. To cover, as food Avith a dish
cover, or fowl under a basket, &c.
Daka harupkaKme. Put a cover over the rice.
Pusi khaclalfteko harupkadea. They put a
basket over the cat.
Ar diuhe jerefkate khaolalf te do bako haruba.
Neither do men light a candle and put it
under a bushel.
Harup. To embrace, to throw the
arms round, to encircle with the
arms.
Harup tombreakanae. (His arms are folded
tightly across his breast.
Dare orgo porgoli ha,rup barakeda. menek bail
harup auinnu dareada. I tried my best to
encircle the tree with my arms but I could
not encircle it all. '
Haparup. To clasp each other in the arms.
Harur. Refractory, perverse, stubborn,
self-willed ; languid, apathetic ; to
shirk.
Calalfe haruroRkana. He refuses to go.
Jojome haruroKkanae. She is refractory.
Kamiye ha.ruft)Kkana. He shirks his work.
Harwaha. A ploughman, a person who
ploughs
Harwani. "1 Troublesome, causing trou-
Harwania./ ble, annoyance or distress ;
causing defeat or failure.
Harwani lekae kami oooeflea. He causes us
to'work so as to distress us, (or to cause us
to fail.)
Harya garya.
Cf. harea garea.
Has. Earth, soil, land. Cf hasa.
Has ga^lalt. A pit from which earth has been
dug.
Has. Pleasure, delight, joy, glee.
Hg.age liololf kana. It looks beautiful.
Okoeko hataoa? .Tahae h^san horko. Who
will take (or buy) them ? any person who
is pleased with them.
NuiaU h9.sgl{ din do calaoentaea. His day of
pleasure is past, i. e. he is old.
S!®'. . 1 The collar bone.
Has Jan. j
Has. A neck ornament of brass or
bell-metal.
Has. A goose.
Hasa. "I Earth, soil, land, to bury, to be
Has. J destroyed, to become soil.
Hasa horrao. Mortal body.
la^ has*' } ^^"^ ^^^^ ^^ *^® Zemindar.
Sebel hasa. Good, fertile soil.
Gitil hasa. Sandy soil.
Arel hasa. White silt mixed with the water
from melted hailstones, and supposed to
possess medicinal properties.
Eehda hasa. Stiff, clayey soil.
Banum hasa. Earth from an ant hill, used for
plastering purposes as it is very fine and
free from grit.
Dhiri hasa. Stoney soil.
Ja^ah hasa. Red clay.
Pond hasa. White silt, used as whitewash for
houses.
fiiom hasa. A kind of extremely friable soil,
which produces nothing. It receives its
name from being the kind, of soil in which a
species of Martin (tirom) burrows to make
its nest.
Gamoha hasa. A kind of soil sometimes used
to give cloth a reddish clour.
Kahkay hasa. Earth mixed with nodules of
limestone, gravelly soil.
Hende hasa. Black soil.
AraK hasa. Bed soU.
Llpindio hasa. SoU mixed with decomposed
mica.
Bali hasa. Earth containing iron stone sand.
Pak hasa. Silt.
Narkan hasa. A kind of fuller's earth used to
wash the hair with.
Hasa o^. A kind of edible mushroom.
Hasaadeako. They buried him.
Gurio has. Soil manured with cattle dung.
Hasae khelae. Fun, frolic ; gleeful.
Hasae khelaeko k?.mia. They do their work
gleefully.
Hasae khelaeko joma. They eat with glee.
Hasae khelae horobon ira. We reap the rice
gleefully.
Hasae khelae menaKkoa. They are in high spir-
its.
HasdaU. One of the twelve tribes or
septs into whioh the Santals are
divided.
Has gadlak. A pit from which earth
has been dug.
Has hasil
[ 222 ]
Hat bacha
Has hasil. 1 Two mythical birds, a male
Has hasin. ) and a female, who, accor-
ding to Santal tradition, were the
progenitors of the human race, the
first man and woman being pro-
duced from their eggs.
Hasi. 1
Hasi hasi. I Fun, frolic, jesting, jok-
Hasi tamasa. j ing.
Hasi thatha. j
j$LuriaKi^ metadea, hasi hasi, are sgtrikeda, I
said to him jestingly, and lie took it in
earnest.
Hasi hanao. To be in an evil state, to
meet with loss, injury, damage, &c.
Uni hasi hanaoena. An injury has befallen him
(got a bad name, &c.)
Uniye hasi hanaoke£bona. He has caused in-
jury to us.
Hasi khelae. Fun, frolic.
Hasi khelaeteye dineda. He spends the day in
making fun.
Hasil. Produce ; to get, to come into
possession of
Haail bail hoelena. There was no crop.
Hasi tamasa. Fun, frolic, joking.
Hasi thatha. Joking, fun, jesting.
Has Jan. The collar bone. C£ jati baha.
Hasli. A metal ornament worn round
the neck.
Hasli ghao. A sore on the neck or
collar bone resembling the hasli
neck ornament (q. v.) in shape and
contour; suppurating glands of
the neck.
Hasna. To joke, to make fun with.
Hasnak. C£ husnak.
Hasnua. To joke, to poke fun, to
make fun with.
Haso. Pain, bodily or mental.
BohoK haso. Head ache.
lao haso. Belly ache, any bowel complaint.
Aiji haso. It is very painful.
Hasur. To set, as the heavenly bodies.
Ber hasurenae. The sun has set.
Ghosnagarre bere hasuratlea. The sun set
when we were at Ghosnagar.
Hat. "I A moveable market, a market
Hatia. J held at intervals, generally
of a week.
Kaerako hata. They offer plantains for sale at
the market.
Uni koejohe hatoKKana. He has gone to the
market to beg.
Hat bara mokoiikateri. ruar jonkana. Having
finished marketing I am returning home.
Hatbajar. Market and bazaar with
shops.
Hat. To lay hands on, to arrest.
Hatkedeteko hajotkedea. They laid hold of
him a,nd put him in prison.
Hata. Hair on the pubes.
Hata. A compound, a piece of ground
surrounded by a ditch.
Hata badi. To vie, to contend, to con- "
test ; rivalry.
Unkin dokin hata badiakana. They are
competing against each other.
Hata baji. Cf hata badi.
Hata bati. C£ hata badi.
Hatahut. One beyond another,clustered.
Hatahutko durupakana. They are sitting
clustered together.
Hatahut burn menaka. There are hills beyond
hills.
Hatak. A winnowing sieve, used also
for sifting gTain.
The liatalc^ is oblong in shape, and has a raised
rim round three sides.
Hatam hutum. To waddle like a fat
man.
Hatah. The brain.
Hatao. ^ rp
Rath an i'^^ take, to receive, to accept.
Ne, hataope. Here, take it.
Bhage bhageake hataoana. He has taken the
best.
Hatao. To push back or away, to over-
come.
Hataori. A hammer.
Hatar. Meanwhile, for the present,
used only in combination with
other verbs.
Taka banulf hatartiiia. I am at present with-
out money.
Dakali jom hatara. I shall meanwhile eat my
food.
XJnie sen hatarena. He has gone on ahead.
Jiwi hatarme. Have patience.
Non^e tabe hataroKme. Stay here for the
present.
Menalf hatargea. ISTot yet exhausted, there is
some still. s
Hatar. To scrape the tongue to clean
it.
Alan hataroKme, dataoni oir9.kat6. HatarenaA.
Split the twig tooth brush and scrape and
clean your tongue. I have cleaned my
tongue.
Hatar. To reap, to cut off.
Ir rakap hatar rakap.
Hat bacha. To select, to choose.
Amge bare hat bachakate hataome. Do you
select for yourself.
Hat bat
[ 223 ]
Htitkhari
Hat bat To buy at a market.
Hat batiii dukana. I went to do my marketing.
Hat capra. To aclcnowledge acceptance
of a gift by placing the hand on it.
Used generally with regard to presents of live
animals given in connection with marriages.
Hat cut -A-ctive, energetic, skilful,
Hat chuti. r ^'^*^'*- q^^^^ ^"^ "^°^*^-
Hatcuti: J °i^°*-
Hat ou^i hor kanae. He is an active man.
Hat dahar. 1 mi Ti*-n
Pa6jar dahar. j The Milky- way.
Hate. Hear, listen.
Hate, tale Auren. Hear, a fruit of the Palmyra
palm has fallen.
Hatea. A moveable market. Cf. hat.
Hatear. Cf. hathiar.
Hatepate. It u i. j.-
Hatkepat. /^^ ^ ^^°''^ *i^^' ^* o^"^®"
Hatkepat oaba gofkalSpe. Finish it at once.
Hatha. A large earthenware cup
with a handle, used to lift gur from
the boiling pan.
Hatha badi. To vie, contend, compete,
contest.
Hatha baji. To vie, contend, compete.
Hathao. Cf hatao.
Hathauri. A hammer.
Hath chuti. "[Active, energetic, skilful,
Hath cuti. J smart, quick in move-
ment, especially of the hands.
Hath cuti hor kanae. He is an active man.
Daya'hathea. jPi^ously, pitifully.
Em daporaeme daya hathea doe roj:eda. Let it
be given to him, he pleads piteously,
Hathi. An elephant.
Hathi sonda. An elephant's tusu, ivory.
Hathi aund. A elephant's trunk.
Hathi leka porob d^i na odok calaoen.
Hathi. Importunate, clamorous, per-
sistent, self-willed headstrong.
Nui gidr?. do adi ha^higeae, denkhon parom
do bae mena. This child is very impor-
tunate, he never gets beyond saying " give."
Jadopatia do ?diko h^tlua. Conjurers are very
importunate.
Hathia japul;. Seasonable, as rain.
Hathia kakra. A spieces of lizard.
Hathiar. An instrument, implement,
arms, also draught cattle, oxen,
buffaloes, &c.
Hathiarge b9'nuEkotilia. I have no plough
cattle.
Pitiful,
Hathiau, Cf hatiau.
Hathi oi. A very large mushroom
which only old people eat.
Hathi uri6. A small bird.
Hathua. A large earthen pot or jar in
which gur is kept.
Hati. To importune, clamour for, to
persist in begging.
Hatia. Cf hat.
Hatiar chucha. ") p.,
Hatear chucha. J
Hatiare. To beseech humbly and pres-
singly; pitiously, pitifully. Cf
daya hatiare.
Hatiau. \To take, to lay hands on, to
Hathiau.J help oneself to.
Bhage jaegaii h9.thi^uakat'a. I have taken
some good land.
Grufek jele h^tianakafa. He laid his hands on
a big piece of meat.
Khube hatiauana. He has helped himself well.
Hatid. To share, to divide ; a division,
a chapter.
Hafiilenale. We are divided into companies.
Hitill hor kanae. She is a widow, or he is a
widower.
Goo h^tWi. ) To be separated by death, as
Goo hap^tili. J husband and wife.
Aurilan goo hapa^iilolf habid. Until we are
separated by death .
Nui do bae bailcaoifa, sahe£ ha^iiioMkantaea.
He will not recover, he is breathing at long
intervals.
Be{a h^tiliaetillme. Share it with my son.
Hatkan. A common plant during the
rains, Leea macrophylla.
Puria hatkan. Leea hirtn.
Hatkao. To be repulsed, to be driven
back, to retire, to be defeated.
Oka lekateho bae ha^kaoKkan tahekana. He
would in no respect give way.
J, .1 ' > To lessen, to hinder.
Alope hatkaoilia, sen ocoadpe. Do not hinder
me, let me go.
Eaniii jomket'khan hatkao got'kedae. I took
medioine and was immediately relieved.
Hatkari. Handcuffs, manacles.
Hatkhari. A method of divination
resorted to during illness, or when
there has been a theft, or cattle,
&c. strayed.
When the question is whether a sick person
will recover or die the diviner sitting on
the ground marks three circles in the sand,
one for recovery, one for a fatal termination,
and one for a protracted recovery. Then
Hatlak
[ 224 1
Haya
taking a piece of wood about the size of a
lead pencil in hia hand he holds it perpendi-
cularly and strikea it gently on the ground,
at the same time invoking supernatural
direction. His hand is believed to be direc-
ted by the deity or deities whose aid has
been sought, and the circle to which it
moves supplies the answer.
Noko ce^ko cekaeda ? Hatkhariedako. What
are they doing ? They are divining by means
of a stick.
Hatlak. ") rni. -J.
Hathlak.) The armpit.
Hatok. "j Suddenly, without warn-
Hatok marte. V ing, quickly, imme-
Hatok mente.J diately.
Hatokgeye god go£ena. He died suddenly.
Hajokgeye hed gofena. He came without warn-
ing.
Adjom tora hatok marte odok goiiena. As soon
aa he heard it he rushed out.
Ili ren munis do ha^ok mente kathage bae aTi-
joma. My servant does not immediately
attend to my orders.
Hatolc. To go to the market. Cf. hat.
Koejoii lagilie hatoKkana. He ia going to the
market to beg.
Hatokaete. ] ttt-^i, , • j.-
IT i 1 It f Without circumspection,
TT j. UK J. I carelessly, without con-
TT • , i ,-,■ j sideration, at once,easily.
Hat;okkaete alom emo^a. Do not give without
consideration.
Ha^okkarte alom soroKa bana (hen. Do not go
carelessly near the bear.
Hatok kuria. Cf. hatokaete.
Hatom. Aunt, father's sister.
Hatomifi. My aunt.
Hatomme. Thy aunt.
Hatpat. Sound of rustling, or of the
feet of some one passing ; quickly,
rapidly.
Hatpafiii aiijomledea. I heard him passing
(making a sound resembling hatpaf.)
Hatra hatri. \Searching with the hands,
Hatra hutra.J groping or feeling here
and there to find something.
Hatra hatri tamijao baraedae. He is groping
here and there.
Hatrao. ") To grope, to feel for, to search
Hatrau. j for with the hands.
Hakokoe hatraoe£koa. He ia groping for fish.
Scottice. Guddlin.
Theliga bali hatrao liamleda. I groped for my
stick but did not find it.
Hat suhga. An insect so called.
Hatwa. To lay hold of, catch, grasp any
moving object.
Hatwa godeme ae. Lay hold of him.
Hatwa. A piece of wood used as a
handle for the carkha (q. v.) and
carkhi (q. v.)
Hatwa hatwi. To grasp repeatedly at
any moving object.
Hatwek. A person who exposes goods
for sale in a hat (q. v.) or market.
Hatya. Weak, emaciated, restless,
meddlesome.
Hatya seta kaikaiye garjaoeda. The lean dog
whines.
Hatyar. C£ hathiar.
Hau hau. To make a noise, or din ;
noise of a crowd when heard at a
distance, bark of dog, bow-wow.
Hau hauko ruheda.
Aijipe hg,uhauKkana. Tou are making a great
din.
Haula. Belonging to the Santal rebel-
lion. Cf. hul.
Haula bapla. A marriage contracted during
the rebellion.
H9.ula bahu. A woman married during the
rebellion.
The idea was current during the pacification of
the country that man-ied people would not
be deported by the British Government,
and as a result marriages of convenience
were very popular.
Haulat. A loan, an advance without
interest.
H?.ulat takali hataoa. I will take a loan of
money.
Haundi. To defraud, to oppress.
Haurau. To make a disturbance, din,
noise.
Adihauratu ai^jomolckana. There is a great din.
Alosepe hauraua. Do not make a din.
Hawa duk. Cholera.
Hawal. "[News, condition, state.
Hal hawal. J Cf. hal.
NotenaK hal hawal cedleka. ? What is'the news
of this part ?
Aleali hal hawal laiakome. Tell them how we
are.
Hawal murum. A species of snake.
Hawan. The flank.
Hawarawa. To make a noise or din.
Onte cet'ko hawarawaieda ? What din are they
making over there.
Hawet. To dry, to dry up.
Jo^ hawe^. To wipe, to dry, as by a towel.
HaKwet'ali kagat. Blotting paper.
HawedoKa nahaK. It will dry presently.
Haya. To feel a desire for, to long for.
A^i dinili baigiakata, a,diii hayaakana. I have
left it off for many days, and am now longing
for it.
Bar hapta khonili hayaakana. I have wished
for it during two weeks.
Hayam
[ 225 ]
Hejle6
Hayam, "1 Indistinctly, partially,
Hayam hayara. J under salted.
Buluii jutioaKpe hajram adaakana. Put in a
nttlo more salt, it is only partially salted.
Hayam hayamili aAjomkeda. I heard partially
(or indistinctly.)
Utu hayam »ikauRkana. The relish is under-
salted.
Hg. Yes ; to admit, to agree, to as-
sent ; true.
He ente. Yes, o£ course.
He se coil. Tea, surely.
He Kangea. It is a fact.
He™e bare. Do agree to it.
HeSkedae. He admitted it.
He khan do he ge, bail khan do bail ge.
Heben. Unpalatable, as some kinds of
wild pot herbs.
Hiiulc f^° come, to approach.
Heo hijuKpe. Come quickly.
Perako heoadea. Friends visited him.
Disa hecadea. He remembered.
Nel hejeape. You will see him come.
Saheb hee ocoaepe. Wait till the saheb comes.
Hec. To pluck leaves.
Sakam hod aguipe. Pluck and bring leaves.
Sakamle heja. We will pluck leaves.
Tejo alope salaKkoa, sakam sakam hejpe. Do
not include caterpillars pluck leaf by leaf.
Hedec. "J To boil, to bubble, as boil-
Hedejoli. J ing water.
Bhakar bhakar he<jejoJ{kana. It is boiling and
bubbling
Jiwi hei^ejoikantiAa. I am in high spirits.
DaK heijeo ocoeme. Boil some water.
Hede gode. One after another, on the
heels of each other, together, in a
mass.
He^le go4eko jom liukeda. They ate one after
the other.
Ape do nonde hegle go^e han^ipe Anieda. You
are collected here drinking beer.
Hedel guda. \ A game played by chil-
Hedel gudia.J dren.
Heder heder. Sound produced by the
carkha or spinning wheel when
revolving.
Carkha heder he<iler sa^ea.
Heder heder. To come again and a-
gain, to keep coming, as a cow
whose young calf is tied up at
home.
Heder hedere hijuKkana. He persists in coming.
Hedok."! A cry to goats, pigs, &c. when
Hedok.J driving them.
Hedrec. Tattered and holed, ragged.
Hedr^c hedrede bandeakana. She is dressed in
ragged cloth.
Hedred mara maejiu. A slut.
H6he._ Yes, yes.
He he, iuq.ge royme. Yes, yos, say no more.
Hehel. "ITo wear away ; to wash or
Hehelok. f float away, as dirt, dust,
froth, &c. on, or mixed with water.
Hon menaKkoa, neKe non<^eko hehelakata.
There are rats here, see they have worn
this place smooth.
DaKte mjila hehel calaSkana. The dirt is
being carried away by the water.
Torod dalt neKe hehel calalfkana.
Hghgl. A large jungle scandent plant,
Millettia duriculata, Baker.
Hgho. Used to call attention, look
here, hey.
Heho. Used to call attention, hey ;
hark.
Heho, note alijome. Hey ! listen here.
H6h6. Yes, exactly so.
Heho iii hoii lielledea. Exactly so, I also saw
him.
Heholok. \ To stand idly about, to idle,
Heholot. j sad, down hearted.
Ceipe oekaeda P heholoU baraekanape. What are
you up to P Yon are idling when you should
be working.
HeholoKko dnfupakana. The are sitting and
looking sad.
Hghfi. To express assent, to hum and
haw.
Ma noa do hekaK hilkaK, alope gusautabona.
Hehupe. Express your assent by saying heh%.
Hej. Disrespectfully, tauntingly, de-
tractingly, disparagingly.
TJni hor do hejge rof ae. He speaks disrespect-
fully.
Heje beje. Indistinctly.
Heje bejeye roreda. He speaks indistinctly.
Heje peje. Wet, slushy.
Beh(^a hasa then daSte hor heje peje lellje^ %i-
kqiuKa.
Hejer. \ To roll the skin back from off
Hujur.J the prepuce.
Hejer. To cut off, as the head of a
goat, to pull off leaves.
MaS hejer go^kaeme. Behead him.
Hej heje. M.)To stand with the feet
Hij hiji. F. j apart, to straddle.
Hi] hijiye teiigoakana. She is standing with her
feet wide apart.
Hej led. Dii-ty, untidy.
Oratt hejledge lieloKkantakoa. Their house
looks untidy.
Kui hejled mara gidr$. This dirty scamp of a
child.
29
Hek
[ 226 ]
Hendaho
H6k. 1 To cut the wind or breath
H6k mente. >■ from one, as by a blow
HSk marte. J between the shoulders.
Nunalf atteye rorkeda hekmenteli atkarkeda.
He spoke so loud as to quite take away my
treath.
Heke. Right, just.
Noa do heke kangea. llamgeae. This is jnst, he
will get it.
HSko. To brag, to boast, to chatter.
Adiye hekoet'kana. He is very boastful.
TT 1 ■ , 1 I To belch,
Hekoc hekoc. J
Hekoc baL A fit of belching.
HSkohSko. To sob as a child after a
fit of crying.
Hel. Time.
Nia helid liijuUkana, ar do ball hijuKa. I am
coining this onoe, but won't come again.
Nia lagaete bar hele hecena. Counting this
time he has come twice.
Ar mi6 hel doii llelgea. I will try it once more.
Hela. To neglect ; negligently, care-
lessly.
Kamiye helakeda. He neglected his work.
Hela. A large area covered thickly
with cut brushwood ; abundant.
Hela sahanko maga. They will cut a very large
quantity of firewood.
Hela sahan lekako g'ocke£koa. They killed
them like brushwood. (walena.
Burn diaom reri tahekana, hela sahanteri he-
Tan<^i disomtem ng^gukediii. I was in a hilly
counfcry, where I was accustomed to
abundant firewood, You brought me to a
country cleared of wood.
Hela hili. To neglect, to slur over, to
be remiss.
Cedalf nonkape hela hilie^koaP Why do you
neglect them (cattle) like this ?
Helao. To move on, to drive in.
Okatepe helaoenap Where are you off to?
Eneako helaoena. They have begun to dance.
Kgimireye helaoakalikoa. He has put them to
work.
Ona khetrege dahrae helaoke^koa. He drove
the cattle into that field.
Helapela,
Helaphela. jCarelessly.
Get' lekape gupia hela pelaP. (lessly.
Helapelako kamikana. They are working care-
Hele6. To cut through or off with a
stroke, to snip off end.
Merom heleo gofeaeme. Cut off the goat's head.
Helem. | A bad taste in the
Helem helem. ) mouth, as of one in
sickness.
Moca helem helemifi atkareda. There is a bad
taste in my mouth.
Helmel. Friendly, affectionate.
^<Ji helmel menakkina. They are very friendly
with each other.
Helta. A young bamboo shoot. Cf
handua.
Noa do helta do bah kana, ma£ena. This is not
a bamboo shoot, it has become a bamboo
■(become hard.)
Helta. A clod.
Hasa reaK helfa. A clod of earth.
Hemal. Damp, moist, as soil, cloth, &c.
Hemal khun. Ta cause abortion.
Hembrom, ") One of the twelve
Hembrom Kftar. J tribes or septs
into which the Santals are divided.
Cf hemrom.
Heme. Poor, indigent.
Bandi era heme era. "Widows and poor women.
Hemery5k. ") Disappointed, sad,
HemermeySk. J downcast.
HemeryoKe ruar calaoena. He went away disap-
pointed.
HemermeyoKiA durupakana, oethobahko pu-
chauediria, I am sitting downcast no one
takes any notice of me.
Hemhem. Unpalatable, as some kinds
of wild pot herbs.
Hemkhem. To delay, to loiter, to
waste time.
Cefpe hemkhem baraekana ? hakopako kami
hodpe. What are you wasting time for?
do the work at once.
Hemrom. ") One of the twelve
Hembrom Kiiar. J tribes or septs
into which the Santals are divid-
ed. C£ hembrom.
Hena. Doubtless, more than likely, a
moral certainty.
Do se lielepe jomkedae hena. Go and see him
he has most likely had his food.
Uni saram doe gurena hena, ente khub thu(i
tihuakadea. That deer has most likely
fallen, for I shot him effectively.
H€na. ") To exist, be in existence, to
Henalj, J be. C£ mena.
OraKre menaea p He ; henaegea. la he at
home? Yes ; he is at home.
Hena. Hark ! an address to females.
Henat. 1 m ■
Henak. j^" ^"^P^"^^^ o^^-
Monre henatadiila. I felt the force of it.
Noa kathaii henalf liolfada. I partly believe
this.
Henda. lUsed to call attention, hark !
Hendaho.J look here ! hey !
Hendaho! gidrape Aelkedetiiiap Look here!
did you see my child ?
Hend Mndi
[ 227 ]
Hepcl
Henda hindi. To concede precedence,
to urge each other to do anything,
to transfer responsibility or prece-
dence to another.
Henda hindi baraekanako. They are each
telling the other to do (something.)
Hende. Black.
Nale nato hende knyi Vajar lekae lieloK , Baye
nato talateko nidiedekan.
Hende bengar. A variety of the egg
plant, Solanum melongena,
Linn., having a black fruit.
Hendec. "jNot fully taught,
Hende<i pendec. J learning, inefficient.
Gidra leka hendeo pendeoe k?unikana. He is
bungling at his work like a child,
Uni gidr?i hendeo pendeoe k9.mi baraeda.
Hende pende. Putting off time.
Hende pende baraekanae, bae kamikana. He is
putting off his time and n0t working,
Hender. Worn bare, bare, smooth.
Dnjrup hen(Jerkedako noa kambra. This
blanket has been worn bare (all the nap
•worn ofE) by people sitting on it.
Noa ghas doko hen4eraka£a. They have worn
away this grass.
Hender hender. Parts smooth and
parts rough, parts bare and parts
with grass, &c.
Hender hender hor. A road parts of which are
smooth and parts rough.
Hende ritha. Dirty, filthy.
Hende ritha kiorio menaEtaea. She ha,B dirty
clothes.
Hendo- Lounging about.
Hendo baraekanae noakore. He is lounging
about here.
Hendor hendor. Sound produced by
spinning wheel.
Hendra. Worn bare, threadbare, as
cloth ; bare, smooth.
T&e{ hendra cabaentaea. He has lost his eye
lashes.
Hendra.M.\Hair fallen off and left the
Hindri. F. J skin bare or only thinly
covered.
^ur hen<lraentaea. His hair has fallen from his
head.
Hendron hendron. Sound produced by
wooden axle working in a wide
hole.
Sagaj do Ba(Jea hen^lroij hendron.
Henem. Sweet. Cf herem.
Heneo. In arms, as an infant. Cf heo.
Heneo gidrgb A child in arms.
Hene phene. Weeping and speaking at
the same time.
Henel!. Cf henat.
Noa katha do monere banhenefaftoa. This
statement had no force with them.
Henla. Poor, ignorant.
Hehla mara hof. A benighted creature.
Hefijel To dry up, to become empty,
to run dry.
Jom hellje^akadeako. They have eaten him
up.
Arei5' helije^kedaiko. They have baled it dry.
Helijet! heiijet;. Numerous, in crowds.
Heiljot heilie£ko hijuKkana. They are coming
in crowds'.
Heilijian pe6jlan. Dirty, imperfectly
cleaned, half-washed, slovenly.
Noa th^ri heiijlah peiijlaiiko gitilakaiJa. They
have scoured this brass plate very imper-
fectly.
DaK m9.n(Ji heAjlah pei^jlahko emadiria. They
gave me food in a very slovenly manner.
Henosta. To rail at, to despise, to
contemn, to scout, to scoff at.
A^i henostae rofa. He speaks contemptuously.
Henra. 1 M. T Bare, or thin as an ani-
Hinri. J T. J mal or person whose
bair has fallen out.
Hensta. Cf henosta.
Hente. There, over there.
Hente liogoRme. Move away a little.
Henteenae. He is dead.
Hente torali calalfa. I will go from there.
Hentere. Over there.
Hentere durupakanae. He is sitting over there.
Heo. To carry astride the hip, as is cus-
tomary in India to carry children.
Heheoio. A nurse.
Heojoh. To beget children.
Bae heoakawana. She has had no children.
H6o hSo. Call of peafowl.
Heoda. To stir, to mix up, as water in
a tank or pool.
Cetanre dhipauakana daK do, heo<Jakate liuime.
The water is hot on the surface, mix it up
before drinking.
Heola. To disturb, to mix by stirring,
of liquids.
Heolaleened mil^uKa. It must be stirred before
it will mix.
Heola milg.uako. They mix it by stirring.
Hepajot. To take care of, to nurse.
Nui do bape hepajotledea. Ton did not take
care of him.
Hepel'hepel. } A man, men. _
Hepelko mi£ see maejiuko mii sed.
one side women on the other.
Men on
Heperhende
[ 228 1
Hesel
Heper hende. To hang about.
Noko do heperhende barae kanako. Theae people
are hanging about.
Her. To wear away, to trim, prune.
Churi alom hertilia. Do not wear away (the
edge of) my knife.
Ku^i do her khatoena. The hoe has worn short.
P?.r herme. Lop the branches.
Hera ghesa. To be intimate, familiar
with, on terms of intimacy.
ITni teliA do g.^! heja ghesalifi tahekana. He
and I were on terms of close intimacy.
Herak. Brown, applied to fowls only.
Heralf sim. A brown hen.
HejaK kalot. A brown pullet.
Heran. An exclamation of surprise,
surprisingly, extremely, intensely.
Heran nit ho bae heoakana. It is surprising
' that he h as not yet come.
Hefan maraiigea. It is surprisingly great.
Heran petan. Perfunctorily, care-
lessly, imperfectly,
Heran petahe jomkeda. He let food fall while
eating. (funotorily.
Heraii petaiie arupbarakeda. He washed it per-
Herca. M.\Having a stiff thigh or knee
Hirci. F. Jjoint, to walk as one suffering
from talipes equinus.
Hercan. \ Applied to the gait of
Hercan hercan. J one with a stiff thigh
or knee joint.
Here. Husk after removal from grain.
Horo here. The husks of ri e.
Hojo heye leka taka menaKtakoa. Money is as
plentiful with them as rice husks.
Berec turec. One after the other.
Ce^lekape hijuKkana hereo tureo? How are
you coming one after the other ?
Here gese. Continually, always.
Nonije here gese durup baraekana. He is con-
tinually sitting about here (expecting to get
something.)
Here jiat. Wife's grandmother.
Here'ji^t Iriorii. A cloth given to the bride's
grandmother at a marriage.
Herel. A man, a husband.
Ale herel herelre. Among us men.
Herel hopon. A male.
Herel doe gooentaea. Her husband is dead.
Herem. Sweet, delicious.
Herep. Used only in combination
with other verbs, a little, a little
while.
Gitio hefep gofakanae. He has just fallen
aaleop.
Jom herop godolfkane tahekana. He was just
bog'inning to his food (when he had to
leave it.)
:^el herep gofkedeali. I just caught a glimpse
of him for a moment.
Here phere. "» Time after time, fre-
Ghuri phiri. J quently, always.
Non<Je here phereye ?.cur baraekana. He is
always loafing round here.
Hergoe hergoe. Constantly, every
day.
Hergoe hergoe pafija bafaea. He constantly
follows her about.
Hergoe hergoe hijuKkanae. He comes every
day.
Herhet. To weed, to pull up weeds.
Herhet' tandipe. Weed it clean.
Hei-hefaK besge dareia. Weeded crops
grow well.
Herhinjan.\The trunk of a high tree
HirhiAjan./ which has no branches
till near the top, .as a palmyra
palm, &c.
Hermet. To put or hold under the
arm.
Kitjpe herme£aka£a. He has the book under
his arm.
Herpat. To sit for a long time in one
position.
Non(Je nun gh^rim herpa€akana? Have you
been sitting here all this time ?
H6sa hlsi. Each telling the other to
to do something.
Hesak. The Pipal tree, a species of
fig which grows to a very large
size, Ficus religiosus, Willd.
The petioles of the leaves of the Hesalf are
very long and slender, whence the constant
trembling of the leaves arising from the
most gentle air of wind as in the aspen tree
(Popnlus tremula.)
Adom adom hor hesaK sakam lekangeako. Some
men are like the leaves of the hesaK tree.
I^ ho, bare jom hesaK jomkhon ruar hecena kin.
Hark ! the two who eloped (and have lived
on the fruit of the Banyan and Pipal trees)
have come back.
Hese. To cut through, to snip off, to
prune.
Sahanko hese Jiurhg.iako. They out oif (branches)
for firewood.
Orgako hesepea. Those who offer human sac-
rifices win cut off your head.
Hesec sekrei. To be merry, to enjoy
oneself; merrily, gleefully, with
pleasure.
^^i heaed sekreo casko aamtaoa. They gather
in the harvest gleefully.
Jomtebou heseo sekrejoKma. Let us eat and
make merry.
Hesel. A common forest tree, Ano-
geissius latifolia, Wall.
H&rao
[ 229 ]
Hidan thapan
HSsrao. To pant, to breathe heavily,
as one suffering from bronchitis.
H6t. To overcome, to vanquish, to
beat.
Unill hetakadea, ili Bonee kamiro oboe daf elena.
I have beaten him, he cannot work along
with me.
Uni do dadatte^e hetkedea. He did better
than his elder brother.
Hgt. Skill, aptitude.
Het banuStaea. He has no skill.
H6t. Low, low down, lower.
Hef kulhi. The lower Btreet, down the street.
Hetao. To heed, to regard, to pay
attention to, to obey.
IroK jokhoo gele cha(Ja oet ho bako hetaoa. At
the time of harvest they will pay regard to
nothing save ears of grain. .
Il5aR raK hctaoatidme. Pay attention to my
prayer.
Hfitao. To over come, to vanquish.
■ Cf. hgt.
Heter. \ To cut through, or off, by a
Hetrao.j stroke with a sword, &c.
MaK heter gotkam. Slash it off.
Alom calaKa, heter tanalfkemako. Do not go,
they may ont off your head.
Hetef go£ kaeme. Behead him.
Hetel \To provoke, annoy, irritate;
Hethet. J means of provoking, &c.
Hete^ geye dam babarakana, hor arereye sioK-
kana. He is seeking a means of provocation
ploughing so near the road.
Htte£ lekathelaoKtegeyetahena. He is contin-
ually trying to provoke.
Hete£ geye liamkan tahekana. He was seeking
a means of provocation.
Meto. I j'g^jQiija.r, acquainted, known.
Am do hitn hor kanam, maso o^lokalime. Ton
are a known person, get a loan for me.
Hetrao. To cut through or off by a
stroke of a sword, &c. Cf. heter.
Hewa. To accustom, to practice, to
break in cattle, to inure, to ha-
bituate, to season, to familiarize.
]5el hewaenae. He is accustomed to the sight.
Kami hewa. To accustom to work.
Cara hewa. To accustom to walk.
Jom hewa. „ eat.
Nu hewa. „ drink.
Tol hewa. „ to being tied np.
Hewa gi(Ji. To be confirmed, inveterate.
Komro komrote hewa gidiakanae. By contin-
ued stealing he has become a confirmed
thief.
Sahao hewa hor kanae. He is a man accustom'
ed to fast.
P?.ura alom Am howaKa. Do not accustom your-
self to drink liquor.
Hewa bahtaea, onate bae jir^u daroaKa, pbaf-
kar gi^liedae. He has not been accustomed
to it, and for that reason he cannot retain
it on his stomach, he vomits it.
Hewel bekel. Muddy, thick and dirty,
as water ; rippling, as water.
Hewel bekel dale kana. It is dirty water.
Hewel bekel daS mwjiko llu baraeda. They
drink rice water which is just muddy like
water (very thin.)
Hewel bekel laoreA atkareda. There is a ripple
in my stomach, (commotion.)
Hewel bekel enale teheli do. We had only thin
rice water for food to-day.
Hewer. Over-salted.
Hewer harha£. Bitter, as some unripe fruits.
Hgyo. Call of peacock.
Hia. Love, solicitude, fondness, liking,
longing.
Hi^ jalare maya jala.
Okakore com dafa bafae.
Hia khalas. Unreservedly, keeping
back nothing.
Hia khalas bare rorme. Speak out freely.
Hia khalaste tahenme. Keep your mind easy.
Hiati6. To sigh for, to mourn, to lament.
Hana disomko hi9.tifiattkana. They are sighing
for that other country.
Hicha. Wish, desire, lust.
Hickau. To fear, to dread.
Kacah^rite calaK do hick^ugele a(kareda. We
are afraid to go to court.
Bale cekamea, caKem hiokauKkanaP We will
not harm you, why are you afraid ?
HickS'U hick^utegeli paromena. 1 was in dread
all the time while passing.
Hicki. Hiccup.
Hicki sapgotkedea.
Hicki bai. Convulsions beginning wit h
hiccup.
Hicki bai sapledea.
Hico hoco. To jerk the body up and
down. Scottice, hotch.
Noa daraiire bhariako hico hocoko rakapkana.
On this ascent the banghywallas jerk them-
selves all the way up.
CedaR nonije hico hocom aour baraekanaP Why
are you hulking about here?
Eiigotkate hico hoco eneo enecteko calaRa.
Bending down they go dancing jerking
their bodies as they go.
Hida hade. Walking with the feet
wide apart and swaying the body.
S^m tora calaoenae hi^?' haijle.
Hidad thapan. lEmaciated and weak,
Hindan thapan. J tottering, weary with
exertion.
Hi^an {hapah tinaKem ealaRa P How far can
you go emaciated and weak as you are ?
Hidan thapaa
[ 230 ]
Hinatak
Hidan thapan. Thin, sparse, in patches,
as badly germinated seed.
Hi4an thapaii janamakana. It has come up
Tery sparse (seed.)
„..-,. .: ■ I To stand with the feet wide
TT-i •' I apart.
Hejheje. J ^
Hijhiji tengoakanae. He ia standing with his
feet wide apart.
Hidic dikir. Uneven, ups and downs,
swaying, quickly.
Hidio dikirko eneckana. They are swaying to
and fro while dancing.
Hidio dikiyUo oalaUkana. They are going very
quickly.
Noa hor do hidio dikirgea. This road ia very
much broken up (by river beds, &c.)
Go^ae liir baraekana ludio dikir. She ia going
here and there swaying.
Hidir hidir. Copiously, often, time
after time, to trickle or flow, as
tears, or blood from a wound.
Hi(Jir hi(^ir gttukkana mayam do. The blood
trickles down.
Hiijir mente met daK joroentaea. The tears
ran down her face.
Hidir hidir. To come again and again,
applied mainly to a cow whose
calf is tied up at home.
4iji hidir hidire hijuKkana. He cornea time
after time,
Hido hodo. All over, in many places.
Hiijlo ho^o sanam paf a]£ cabaena. It is cracked
(or split) all over.
Kiorio a4i orejoKkantil5a hiijo ho<Jo. My cloth
is tearing in many places.
Hidra gisra. Dirty, untidy, slatternly,
applied to women only.
Hidra gisr^geae. She ia untidy.
Higa hage. With feet wide apart, to
straddle,
Hig^hageye oalaKkana. He is walking with
his feet wide apart.
HlhJau. To neigh, as a horse.
Hihi koko. Flirting, laughing and
sjieaking with men.
Ce€ bail am dom hihi koko baraekan,
Hihi kokote din do calal^kantama. You spend
your days in frivolity.
Hihiri Pipiri. ") The traditional home
Hihihri Pipihri. J of the Santals
where the first man and woman
lived.
TT.-J j> I A call to cattle when driving
Hija haje. 1 To straddle, to walk slightr
Hiji hiji. J ly bent owing to inability
to move the hip joints without
pain.
Hijhiji. Cf hidhidi.
Hike. Right, just, equitable.
Hike do bako bic^ra. They do not judge justly.
Hikmat. Wisdom, knowledge, clever-
ness, skill.
Hilak dalak. ") Swaying, shaking. Cf
Halak dalak. J dalak dalak.
Hurniiedae hilak dalak.
Hilau. To move, to shake, to tremble,
to sway.
BabahtehilauEkanae. Heia shaking with cold.
Ened jokheoko hil^uffa. They sway while dan-
cing.
Dgir do alom hil?.ua. Do not shake the branch.
Hili. Elder brother's wife
HiliA. My elder brother's wife.
Hilim. Thy „
Hilit. Hia „ ,, „
Hilia. ") Relation borne to an elder
Hili hali. J brother's wife by a broth-
er or sister.
Hiligi kanakin. > They are sisters-in-law, or
Hili h9.1i kanakin. ) brother and siater-in-law.
Hilmil. Friendly, affectionate, on good
terms with each other. Cf helinel.
Hilok. Day.
En hiloK. That day.
Jao hiloK. 7 -ni j
Din9.mhilolf.J^^«'"y^*y
Mahnder hilolf. The day before yesterday.
On mahnder hiloK. Three days ago.
Sombar hiloK. Monday.
GujuK hiloR. Day of death.
Hilwet. Unpalatable, as certain unripe
leguminous fruits, malhan (q. v.),
horec (q. v.) &c., also as milk at
times ; sour.
Hilwe£ ge aikauKkana. It is unpalatable.
Noa toa do hilwe£gea. This milk is sour.
Him. Snow.
Himan. To confess, to admit. Cf hu-
man.
Hin. Low, deficient, weak, abated,
decreased.
UniaE dare hinentaea. His strength haa be-
come less.
Nui sadom do tayom sen doe hingea. This
horse is low in the hind quarters.
Mon do hingetaea. He is dejected.
Noa kat do noKoe nonije hingea. This log is
deficient in this part.
Hinatak. }T^^*'*h^t«ne.
Hindaili thapan
[ 231 ]
Hiikha parkha
Hindan thapaA. Emaciated and weak,
tottering, weak and tired with
exertion. Cf. hidad thapan.
Hindo. To hang about, as a child
where work is going on, or where
there is something to be seen.
Hindol. A kind of " Merry-go-round "
or revolving swing.
The Hindu Mndol is provided with wooden hor-
Bes or elephants on which the riders sit, that
of the Santals with stools in which people sit
and are whirled round with g^eat velocity.
This sport is indulged in on the last day of
the Sakrat (q. v.) festival.
Hindron hondron. Sound produced
by a wooden axle working in a
worn wooden wheel; worn wide,
as the hole in which an axle works
Sagar hini}roii hon(Jroii acurolikana.
Hingu. Colouring produced from the
lac insect.
Hirihau. 'j
Hinhinau. 1-Neigh of horses.
HShgyao. J
Hi6jil Diy, empty, of liquids.
Dalf dul hiiijifkedae. He poured all the water
out (and left the vessel empty.)
Atu hilSjidoKa. It will run dry.
Ared hiiijM. To pour off all the liquid.
Eohor hilijidoR. To dry up.
Hinjor. A large forest tree, Barring-
tonia acvlangula.
Hi6jrau. To mourn, to lament, to sor-
row over.
Nui do hiiijr?.uKtege tahenae. She mourns
continually.
Hinkate acuroEme. Go round by that way.
Hinrihic. F. ") Tall, as a human being;
Hirhifijan M. / long as the trunk of a
high tree with branches only near
the top.
Hipir hipir Trembling, tremulous.
HesaK sakam hipir hipir.
Bare sakam liohor iiohor.
The trembling leaves of the Pipal tree.
The glossy leaves of the Banyan tree.
Hipiska. Reciprocal form of hiska
(q.v.)
Hir. Rice land reclaimed by throwing
a dam across a stream or a nalla.
Hira. A diamond, a term of endear-
ment, a veiled term for a young
marriageable girl.
HiraU hiral?. ") Scattered, disunited,
Hirak harak. J separated.
Kamiako hifgiK hafaKena, jomkao do bah.
The work people are scattered, they are not
all in one place.
Hirakos. Sulphate of iron.
Hirad petan. ") Untidy, dirty slovenly,
Hcran petad. J inefficiently.
Nui gidr* do dakae jomeda herah petah. This
child eats his food in a slovenly manner,
(lets a part of it fall.)
Hirar garer. 1 Dirty, soiled, as by liquid
Hirir garir. J trickling down from
something being carried on the
head.
Hirir garir joroamkana, bario gem lieloKkana.
it is running down and soiling you, you
look disgusting.
Hirdani. Sorrow, grief, mourning.
Hirdan."!
Hirdau. |-To sorrow, to grieve, to mourn.
Hirdon.J
^(Jiii hird?uKkana. 1 am very sorrowful.
Hirhali. Exhausted, as soil, soured.
Noa goija do hirha^ena, cet h3 bail hoyoffa.
This field is exhausted it produces nothing.
Hirhii5jad.\Trunk of a high tree with
Hirhir. J branches only near the
top ; tall, as a man.
Hirhiiljaii dareakana. The tree has grown high.
Hirhir. Steep, as a hill side.
Hiri. To visit, to make a call on.
Hiri torakedeali. I looked in on him as I was
coming. •
Jahatis bare hirikaleme. Pay us a visit some-
time.
Hirid. To spill, to run over.
He^ec hiricena. It has boiled over.
Hirio p^siroSa. It will spill and be scattered.
Hirlc. A spasm of pain.
Hlrid mente haso gofkedilia.
Hiric paric. ") To spill and scatter as
Hiric pasir. J water, grain, &c.
Hirlhlc. Cf. hirhinjad.
Hirin. To forget.
Hirilikedad. I forgot.
Hirili saekedeae. He utterly forgot him.
Hirir garir. Cf hirar garer.
Hirkha. \To hate, to abhor, to have
Hirkhau. j an aversion to, to dispise.
Hirkha parkha. T Abhorrent, disgust-
Hirkha pirkha. J ing, despicable.
Hirkha parkhae egerkedilia. She scolded me
in a disgusting manner.
Hirla
[ 232 ]
Hodgor
Hirla. To trust in or to, to rely on, to
confide in, to look to for protection
and cherishing.
UniaK hirlareli tahena. I will remain trusting
in him.
Hirlg.kaiime. Put me in a position to have
some one to look to for protection and
cherishing.
Hoponerariko sanamiifi hirl?. cabake&oa. I
have married all my daughters.
TJni thenid hirl9.Ka. I will rely on him.
Hirom. Co-wife, the second wife,
Hiromadiiiae. He gave me a oo-wife.
Kaphariau bam aiijomakatkhan hirom era
johme. If you have never heard quarrel-
ling take to yourself a second wife.
Hirom b9.iha. Solatium given to a first wite
when a second is brought home.
Hiromea. Co-wives.
Nukin do hiromea kauakin. These two are co-
wives.
His. Share, portion, part, division.
Mi£ his nui doe llama. He will get one share.
Hisa. Part, portion, division, share.
'Cf. his.
Hisab. Account, calculation, estimate.
Behisa^b. Without stint, very much.
His^ibte. In accordance with.
Hisalia. Revengeful, envious, mischiev-
ous.
Nui hisaligi hor do bae liel sahaoa. This
envious man could not bear to see it (an-
other's welfare.)
Hisi cSrg. The Weaver bird, Ploceus
baya.
Hisi raj. The weaver bird, so named in song on
account of its beautiful nest.
Hisir. ") Crystal, a white trans-
Dhiri hisir. J parent pebble.
Dhiri hisir malla. A necklace of crystal beads.
Hisir hisir. Always, continually.
Hisil Cf hoe hisit.
Hisit hisit. Gently, applied to the
wind.
Hisit hisife hoeeda. There is a gentle breeze
blowing.
Hiska. Envy.
Hiskgi huluu. Envy.
Hit. "j Friendship, love, affection.
Hit pirit. J- pleasure, friendly, affect-
Hit mitar. j ionate.
Hit pirit menaKkoa. They are on affectionate
terms with each other.
Hitad jharau. Sparse, scattered.
^^i hifan jharaii janamakana. It has germin-
ated very sparsely.
Hitau. Familiar with, accustomed to.
Kg-mi hitau hor. A man accustomed to work.
Noali hit^uakafa. I am inured to this.
Noa disomreye hit^uakat'a. He has become
acclimatised.
Hithitau. To snigger, to laugh.
Hitihiti. To laugh.
Alom hiti hitiKa. Do not laugh.
Sifi satup hiti hiti land getae, kaimire bae kaja-
koRa. He is laughing the whole day, he
will never be a good workman.
Hit mitar. 1 A friend, a visitor, to whom
Hit mitor.J uncooked food is given.
Hit pirit. Cf hit.
Hitu. Familiar, acquainted, known.
Cf heto.
Ho. Used in calling attention.
H5. Applied to the sound of the man-
danbhed (q. v.)
H5. Also, even, too, besides.
Iii hoA calaSa . I also will go.
Get ho bah. It is nothing.
Sor ho bae sorol^a. He will not even come near.
H5bad...h6ban. Neither. . .nor.
Hobon hobod. Going here and there
aimlessly.
TinaJi hoboh hobohem darana.
Okate con hoboii hoboiie darana.
Nui gai do hoboii hobohe liir baraea.
Hobor. Bosom, embrace.
Gidra doe hoborakadea . She has the child in
her bosom.
Uni hoborre menaea. He is in her arms .
Hobor gotkedeae. He threw his arms round
him.
H6c h6c. The call of a certain owl.
Hoclo. To be near, well nigh, all but
consummated.
Kamibo hocloakat'a. We have nearly finished
the work.
Din hoclo aioKakantalea. The day (some day
fixed) is now near.
Hocloenae. He is near.
Hod. Difficult, unintelligible.
Noko hor soiige hodgeA ^ik9,ueda. It is diffi-
cult to understand these people (or to deal
with them.)
Hodgo. Hairy, shaggy.
Marah ut^r hodgo seta. A very large shaggy
dog.
Hodgo hodgo can^lbolanako. They have very
shaggy tails.
Turuk lekako hodgolikana. Growing beards
like Turks.
Hodgor. A piece of wood attached
to an animal's neck and trailing
among its feet to prevent it run-
ning away.
Hodgor tolaeme aicliye dg.rkana. Tie a log to his
neck, he is giyen to running away.
Hodo hodo
[ 233 ]
Hola
Hodo hodo. Cf. hodgo.
Hodo dodo. Quickly and indistinctly,
applied to speaking.
4cli liodo dodoe roya.
indistinctly.
He speaks fast and
Hodor hodor. Sound produced by a
large volume of running water.
Barakar sa^ea hodor hodor.
Hodor hodor. 1 Sound produced by
Hodgor. J dragging a piece of
wood, &c. along the ground, to
drag.
Tlieiiga ho(}or hocjore or idieda. He drags his
stick with a grating sound along the ground.
Hodor hodor. Sound of gulping.
Paura hodor hodore rtukeda. He gulped down
the liquor.
Nui pituk do hodor hodore hoiigorkeda, ar non-
^e laser lasere galmaraoa.
Hoe. "j 1. To be, to become ; 2. to
Hoyol?. >• be born, to come into exis-
Hoyuk. j tence ; 3. to suffice ; 4. to be
fall, to happen ; to come to pass ;
5. to be over, to come to an end, to
finish.
1. Marahe hoyoKa. He will be great.
2. Horo rohoe jokhece hoelena. He was born
at the time of the rice planting.
3. Gel mokateli hoyoKa. Ten cubits (of cloth)
win suffice for me.
Pe ser oaolete bale hoyoKksna. Three seers of
rice are not sufficient for us.
4. Bali emamkhan cet hoyoka ? If I do not
give to you what will happen ?
HoelenaK. What has happened in the past.
HoyoKak. What will happen in the future.
5. Kaoahari do hoeena. The court is over
(has risen.)
Hoekedape ? He ; hoekedale. Haye you finish-
ed the (work) ? Yes ; we have finished it.
Sedae khon hoe hijuKkana. It has been thus
from olden times.
Hoe. Wind, air, climate.
Hoee£kanae. The wind is blowing.
Hoe duk. Cholera.
Hoe hoe. Thick-waist.
Hoe dal{. Storm, of wind and rain.
Hoe daK unaukeda. A storm is coming on.
Hoe duk. Cholera.
Hoe hisil The spell of the evil eye.
Hoe hisii lagaoakawafmea. Tou are under
the spell of the evil eye.
Hoe hoe. Immodestly, without train-
ing.
Ceftekae durupabana nui do hoe hoe.
Kui do kami bae ba^aea hoe hoeye haraakana.
He does not know how to work, he has
grown up untrained.
Hoe... hoe. Either... or.
Hoilfl^'y'^^y-
Hoja beta, am ho oalakme.
Hoe ke bote. Yes, certainly, right,
true.
Hoele hoe. Instantly, hurriedly.
Hoele hoegeye ^amkana. He wants it in-
stantly.
Hoeto ...hoeto. Either ...or ; perhaps.
Hoeto amem saboRa, hoeto ili geli saboK. Either
you or I will be caught.
Hoeto hijukae, hoeto bae hijulJa. Perhaps he
may come and perhaps he may not come.
Hohae. An exclamation of surprise,
used by women.
Hohalc. Ignorant, unlearned.
Nui doe hohaKgea, cet ho bae badaea. He ia
ignorant, and knows nothing at all.
Hoho. To call, to shout.
Hoho aguiem. Call him to come.
Onkoe hoho sorketkoa. He called them near.
K9rur barur hohotegeye taheena. He contin-
ued to shout loudly.
Hohot. Cf. hoi
„°V , . l Will you, won't you.
Hijukme nahaK, hoi? Come in a little, will you?
Hoi, hoi. Yes.
Hoi, hoi, ona geli kuliket'mea. Tes, yes ; I
asked you about that.
Hoja. Hey ! Boy ! Cf hoeja.
Hojahoja. A shout in a boys' game.
Hojo hojo. To move quickly, as when
carrying a heavy weight.
Bam dar dareakkana, hojo hojom daretkana.
Toil can't run, you run as if your feet were
lead.
'' . ' . rOuicklv
INire hojore. )^ •''
^ire hojore calakkanae. He is hurrying,
l^ire hojoreA hed ruarena. I hare ■ returned
quickly.
Hok. Just, right, true; justice, right,
equity.
Hokao. Grunt of a pig when enraged
or frightened.
Hokhok. Grunt of a pig. Cf hokao.
Hokigol News, intelligence.
Hoknak. Causelessly, without reason.
Hoknake metatikana. He blames me without
reason.
H5kor h6k6r. Cry of leopard (potea
tarup.)
Hola. Yesterday.
30
Holanok
[ 284 ]
Hon hon
Holanolj. Yesterday.
Holal A razor.
Holec. To snip off -with tlie fingers, as
an ear of grain, &c. ■
Holkaloin. Two years ago, the year
before last.
Hole. Cf. hale.
Hole hole. Constantly, repeatedly,
every day.
Hole holeye HjuKkana. He keeps ceming.
Holo holo. Constantly, repeatedly,
every day, always. ■
. Holo holo nui doe hijuKkana. He comes con-
stantly.
Holod. Flour, meal; to grind into
flour or meal ; to grind to powder.
Gnhumko holoiia. They make wheat into flour.
Holoa lopoa. To reduce to powder.
Holoh lopon gejer oabaena. It is smashed to
fragments.
Holoh lopoiikediiiako. They handled me se-
verely.
Holop. An oath.
Holop emaeme. Administer an oath to him.
Holop oooem. Cause Mm to take oath.
Holop jom. To take oath.
Horaba homba.l Applied to the sound
Hombe hombe.J produced by Indian
cattle which differs from the lowing
of European cattle.
Gaiko homba hombaea.
Hombo. To hide, to esconce.
Kocare homboakanae. He is esoonoed in the
corner of the koca (q. v.)
Homon. Elder brother's children.
Homonili. My nephew.
Homon goro6. Sulking and refusing
to speak, dissatisfied.
Cedakem homoA guroli baraekanap Why are
you sulking.
Homor. To mourn, to mourn and speat,
to wail.
Homor halaii. To wail and relate the good
qualities of the person mourned for.
Otre homor tapiiioK kanae. She is wailing and
throwing herself on the ground.
Hon. A rat.
Urid hon ")
l=tn" Species of rats.
OraK hon. )
Ciurig. hon. The Indian Jerboa-rat, Gerbillus
indicus.
Hon bardurud. A species of bat.
Hon. A son, a child, the young of any
animal.
Apa hon. Father and child.
Ehga han. Mother and child, dam and young.
Hon hopon. Children.
Hon ren bopon. Posterity.
Hon kimin. Son and daughter-in-law.
HoSakJThaMhatone.
Honad. Used in conditional sentences
in which the protasis (condition)
is supposed not to have been real-
ised, and, therefore, the apodosis
(consequent) has not taken place-
Of. hutkam.
Alo tahenkhaniJl laikepea honah. If it were
not so I would have told you.
Nonclem tahelenkhan bareii oho honahe godlen.
If thou hadst been here my brother had
not died.
Hondalc. A method of cooking vege-
tables or mushrooms.
They are first washed in water and then put
over the fire in a dry earthen pot. Salt and
oil are then added and the whole covered up
for a time to steam ; after which they are
stirred until properly cooked. Spices are
also added to mushrooms.
Hondak. To stir meat or vegetables
when cooTiiag.
Hondeal. To throw -one side forward
when walking, to look to one side
when walking or running, crooked.
Hondeal hondeale darei;kana.
Hondor. iTo carry away, as a
Hondoryon. J tiger a goat.
Hondoryoiikedeae merom do.
Hondoryohkedeae, noKoe lielme cinhate^.
Hondrok. Noise made by a pig; to
grunt.
Hondrod. Noise made by a wooden
axle working in a wide hole, also
of any heavy body falling into a
well; wide, as a hole in which an
axle works.
EoK homjronkedam. Ton gauged out the hole
too wide.
Hondwan. To injure, to cause much
damage.
Saname atu hondwahkeda. The water carried
it all away and damaged it very much.
Hone. That, that one.
Honec. Cf honan.
Hon hon. Wide.
Hon hoii phof idikedae pin(Jhe do. The water
the embankment and made a wide gap.
burst tl
Hon hail landnrena, bhit do.
the wall has ■fallen.
A large piece of
Hon hod
[ 235 ]
Hor hara:
Hod hod. Immodestly.
Cef lokape durnpakana hon hoh ?
Kicrio ofeoentaea hoii hon.
Hongor. To drink, to drink to excess,
to swallow liquor.
Pgiur9.te alope hongor buloKa. Do not get
drunk by drinking hquor.
Sokor Bokofe hon^oreda. He is gulping.
Hon gujur. A game played by chil-
dren.
Hodjad. To meet with hurt, injury,
or disaster.
Nur holijanenae. He fell and hurt himself.
TT , ■ [There, over there, yonder.
Honte bare idiyetam. Take your (horse) over
there.
Hopo. A forest tree, GocTilosperma
gossypium. D. G.
Hopoho. Cf. hoho.
Hopon. Child, young, ofifepring,. to bring
forth young, to breed, to beget.
Kora hopon^ A son, a male.
Kuri hopon. A daughter, a female.
Hopon era. A daughter.
Era hopon. Family.
Hor hopon. A Santal.
Herel hopon. A male.
Bana hopon. A young bear.
Sim hopon. A chicken.
Manwa hopon. Mankind, the Sbnof Man.
Diku hopon. A Hindu.
Hopon oraK. A small house.
Hopon hopon dhiri. A very small stone.
Hon do bhug^ireko hoponkoa. Eats bring
forth young in holes.
Noa lagitiA hoponletmea? Did I give you
birth for this.
Hopoyo. The Reciprocal form of hoyo
(q. v.) ; to shave each other.
Hopyo. The hair on the portion of
the head which some men shave
regularly.
Hopyo haraentaea. The hair on the portion of
the head whiohhe usually shares has grown.
Hor. A man, a human being, a San-
tal, a wife.
Hor ror. The Santal language.
Dis'om hor. The Santals of the country side.
Sanam hortele kamia. We will all work.
Hor hara. ) To grow, to increase in family
Hoy harta. 3 or estate.
Hoponmemhoradea? Have you got your son
married ?
HoroK coe bah coil. His recovery is doubtful.
Mit hor doli Aelledea, bah doe Hor kan, ban
doe Diku kan. I saw one man, but I can't
say whether he was a Santal or a Hindu.
Tin^lt hor dh^rtire menaKbona sanam do Pilcu
liaram ar Pilou bucjhiren bos kanabo. All
the people in the world are the descendants
of Adam and Eve.
TuS.r amar alope posrakoa, paso mi6 kalreko
hoj* kange. Do not despise the orphan and
destitute, perhaps one day they may be-
come well-to-do.
Hor. A path, a way, a road.
Khafo hor. A short cut.
Hor arakailme. Make way for me.
Noa hor Tun(}ite senakana. This road leads
to Toondee.
Hor idipe. Make a road as you go.
Hora. A lino, a section.
Noa birle sendrakeda, hora borate. We hunted
this jungle in sections.
Hora borate. In sections, gradually, consec-
utively.
Hora. To finish, to make a clean
sweep.
Gaiko jom horakeda. The cows ate it all up.
Alom dg.h ocoaUa, gi(Ji horaeme. Do not allow
it to accumulate, throw it all away.
Raniii 30m horakeda. I took all the medicine.
Hora,se. ]; Parting of hair down the
Horasi. j middle, of females.
Hor beda. To deceive, to pretend, to
throw dust, in the ej-es.
Hor beda baraefkoae, menkhan menalfgetaea,
' He is pret iuding (that he has nothing) but
he has.
Hor bedae hijuKkana. His coming is only a
'blind.
Here. An exclamation of surprise.
Hore ! nonkabo ola? Dear met do they write
like that P
Hore ! nonkako mena ? Dear me T do they say
that?
Horec. A leguminous plant largely
cultivated, Dolichos bifiorus, Linn.
Hored gadar. A veiled name for a
sword.
Nui hor dohofed gadar i^eliel lek hor kangeae.
This man is worthy of death.
Horec gadar. A worm found in the
stomachs of cattle, an insect that
sucks the moisture from the bodies
of young tassar silk-worms.
Hore hore. Gradually.
Em jarwaeaii hore horete. I will repay it
gradually.
Hore horeteli emama. I will pay yon gradually.
Hor gad. A crowd of people, a mul-
titude.
Horgosmarte. Cf hurgusmarte.
Hor hara. To grow, to increase in fam-
ily and estate.
Di tli6^®™ horharaena, arnonkam metailkanaP
Ton have increased in family and estate in
my service and do you speak thus to me P
Hor horan
[ 236 ]
Hosofi
The grass snake, not poi-
to increase ni
Watch
Hor horan.
sonous.
Hor harta. To grow,
family and estate.
Sanam lekateli hor hartaeiia . My family and
estate have increased in every way.
Horho. To watch, to guard.
Noko gidrg.ko horho jangekoam
over and protect these children.
Horho beskedeale. "We nursed him back to
health.
Horole horhoeda. We are guarding our dhan.
HoriSr. ") To trickle down the cheekd,
HoriySr. J the side of a vessel, a beam,
&c. ; to glide over the surface.
Horior argonkaname^ daK do. The tears trickle
down.
Cet; leka bam dnlei horiyor oooedam. How
are you pouring it ? Tou are allowing it to
trickle down the aide.
Nahelem horiyor baraet; do. Tou are ploughing
on the surface.
Horjan. T To limp, as with a
Horjad horjan. J badly set fractured
limb.
Horjan horjaiie oalalfkana.
Horjan hurjan. From side to side.
Bifi horjan hurjahko calalca. Snakes move
from side to side when progressing.
Sar horjan hurjah calaoena. The arrow swer-
ved from side to side.
Horlo lolo. A lullaby sung by Santal
mothers to their children, to sway
as a mother hushing a child.
Horlo lolo, horlo lolo, beta doe japii; talea.
Tirio orohme se horlo lolo. Sway yourself when
playing the flute.
Hormo. Body, to be pregnant.
Hormo hatili. The members of the body, limbs.
Khubo hormoana. He is well grown.
Hormoakanae. She is enceinte.
Hormo algao. Prolapsus uteri.
Hormo algaoentaea. She is suffering from
prolapsus uteri,
Hormo ol. To lie down for the night.
Horo. The rice plant, Oryza sativa,
Linn., unhusked rice.
Horo caole. Husked rice.
TJri horo. Wild rice.
Nea do ban horolena. There was not much
grain in the ears of rice this year.
Horo. A tortoise.
DaK horo.^
Taniji ,,
^Varieties of the tortoise destin-
guished by Santals.
Burn „ n
Lapra , , (
Tukuc ,,
ToklaK,, J
orok. \To pay a visit friends,
3ra horok. J to visit.
Horo horo. To carry food, &c., holding
it to the stomach ; carefully.
Uni hor do horo horo dakae hobor idieda.
Horo horo. Man by man, each man.
Horo horo sadom menaKkotakoa. Each man
has horses.
Horo horoko hataoana. Bach man has taken.
Horols. To sink or become hollow, as
the eyes.
Met' horoKentaea. Hia eyes have become
hollow.
Horok.
Pera
Pera horoK khoniii ruarena. I have returned
' from a visit to friends.
Bes okootele pera horoKlena. We were wel-
comed and treated hospitably.
Pera horoRili calaKkana. I am going on a visit
to friends.
Pera hor. A visitor.
Horoli. To put on the person, as a
coat, ring, earrings, bracelets, a
hat, &c. &c.
HoroK cikhna. Betrothal ceremony.
irolS-l;}«i°^^--^--^i-
Tupriko horoKadea. They put a hat on his head.
Hor kuri bank bahkiko horoga. Santal girls
wear anklets.
Nui kuri do adi molij kurtae horoKakawana.
This girl has on a very pretty jacket.
Hor podo. A forest fruit tree, Ficus
cunia, Buck.
Hor putka. A species of edible mush-
room.
Horsec. | Obliquely, to one side,
Horsed horsec. j sideways.
Horsec horsede bengeda. He is looking side-
ways.
Hos. Consciousness, sense.
Be-hos. Unconscious.
Hos banuKtaea. He has no sense.
Hosec. To get out of the way, to re-
move, to sift.
Hosec liogoKme. Move a little out of the way.
Hosec todme. Sift it out.
Hoshosao. To slip down, as with arms
round a tree ; to run out, as rice,
&c. from a bandi (q. v.) with a hole
near the bottom.
Noa dare khon hoshosao ilurenae.
Hoshosao argoenae dare khon. He slid down
the tree (with his arms round it.)
Hosor. To slip gradually.
Jin hosor riurena. The saddle slipt and fell.
Hosor gidi. To miscarry.
Hosor iiurhg.ena. Slipt and fell down.
Hosoli. To move while sitting on the
ground without rising up.
HosoId liogoKme. Move along a little with-
oixt getting up.
Hot;
[ 237 ]
Hub
Hoi. To strip off by running the hand
up the stalk.
Sakam hoi giijime. Strip off the leaTea.
Hofo gele6 hoda. I will strip off the grain
from the ears of rioe.
Hot;. In comp. implies suddenly, in-
stantly, quickly, without delay.
Dal hodeme. Hit him at once.
Heo ruar hodoKme. Eoturn quickly.
Dal ho bae dalhohotja. He does not strike read-
ily (is not given to striking.)
Hotak. To stir up, to toss up, as hay ;
to remove by means of a stick,
&c., as something one does not
wish to touch ; to rip, with the
tusks, as a wild boar.
Mandare horoko hotaga. They toss up, (or turn
over) the dhan on the threshing floor.
Nui do bir sukri thene hotak ored ocoakana.
This man has been ripped by a wild boar.
Hoktak 4ah, A bamboo used. to turn the straw
on the threshing flooor. Cf . akhaini.
Hotak khodrak. Shakings, as of a bag
which has contained grain, scrap-
ings, sweepings.
Ho(ak khodrak ill darn barakeda. I searched
for the shakings of the bags, and scrapings
and sweepings.
Ho^alc khodrak sanam s^ule emafa. Shakings,
scrapings, sweepings, we gave all to the
money lender.
Hotak picak. Everything, all kinds,
everywhere, the whole ; fast.
HotaK picg.K ko jomkeda. They ate up every-
thing.
Horole souadea ho^ak picgiK cei ho bah sa-
reclena. We measured out all the dhan to
him (money lender) nothing was left over.
Hotak pic9.Ke kamikana. He is worlcing fast.
Hotetej^y^"^'^'^^'*^™''^^-
Hot hoto. Very long, of great height,
tall.
Hot hoto benaoaka^ae orak do. He has made
the house very long.
A^i jeleria hot hoto rel gacji do. The railway
train is very long.
Hot; husit;. For ever, altogether, com-
pletely.
TeheA khon do luturili peterkeda, ado hot hu-
sifili bagi utg.ra. I have .twisted my ear
and from to-day I will give it up entirely and
for ever.
Hotkor. To pull or take out of fire,
water, &c., by means of a stick, &c.
Seugel khon jel hotkor odokme. Pish the meat
out of the fire (with a stick.)
Mase 4aute hotkor odokem, ileleabo. Pish it
out (of the water) with a stick, we will see
what it is.
Hoto budhi. Foolish, senseless.
Nui do hoto budhi hor kanae. This is a fool-
ish man.
Hotok. The neck.
HotoK limbof. To throttle.
Hotokkaete."! ^i^'^out circumspection,
Hotokkarte. J- without consideration,
Hotok kuri. j carelessly, at once, easily.
C£ hatokaete.
Hotor. To pick, to pick out, to push
out, to poke out, with a stick, &c.
Data hoKtorak. A tooth pick.
Jojom mei ill hotor todtapea. I will probo
out your right eyes.
Hotofi. A species of pumpkin, Cu-
curbita lagenaria.
Hoyam. 1 Indistinctly, parti-
Hoyam hoyam. J ally.
Nel hoyamkedeali. I saw him indistinctly.
Aiijom hoyamkedaji. I heard indistinctly.
Hoyad. \ Off the straight, at an
Hoyaii hoyan. 3 angle, glancing off,
twirling in the air, as a falling leaf
Etakte hoyahena. It went off at an angle.
II hoyaii hoyahte Aurokkana. The feather is
twirling round in falling.
Hoyon.}^^ ^^^^^-
Hoyo mun(Jrakodeako. They shaved his head.
Hoyoii. Breeze, wind, air, draught.
HoyohoKa mentele oijokena. We have coma
out to get the air.
Delabon hoyohte, adi udgq,r kana. Come, let us
^o out to the air, it is very hot.
Nonde hoyohge bolokkana. It is here where
the draught comes in.
Nonde ^di hoyoii gea, adokabo. There is much
wind here, we will take shelter.
TT '),]■' [-Call of the jackal.
Huan. To injure, to damage, to cause
detriment, scath, or havoc.
Dal huah. To cause injury by striking.
Mak huaiii. To cause injury by a out with
sword, &c.
Takic huah. To be injured by coming in con-
tact with something.
Bae tiokledea, bankhane maS 'huaiikea. He
did not reach it, or else he would have injur-
ed it severely with a blow (with his axe.)
Huak. To eat.
Jomale, huagale. We will eat, we wiU eat.
Hub. Pleasure, enjoyment, freedom
from care.
Nea do hub banuKanah. There is no freedom
from care this year.
Enec l?tgit' ^di hubaekana. He greatly enjoys
dancing.
Nes do hub bhahgaena. This year onr freedom
from care has been broken (we are down
hearted.)
Hubag
[ 238 1
Hudu huduc
Hubai' ( "^^ *^^^* ^'^*° ^'^^^' °^°P' slash.
HubaKaeme mif; dhao. Give him one slash.
Hubg.K; gookedeako. They slashed and killed
him.
Sahan hubg.KaK me. Chop firewood.
Hucak. To break off, to snip off.
Mone hnoaKentaea. He is disappointed, or
dejected.
Par hucal? go(;kam. Break off the branch.
Horo adi huoalc JiiiroKkana. The ears of dhan
are snapping and falling down.
Hue bir. A small bird, the Indian Pitta,
Pitta hrachyiira.
Hucec. To cull, to break ofif, to snip
off, to break off, as an engagement ;
to be disappointed, as a hope or
expectation.
Hue hue. Quickly, again and again,
often and quickly.
HuQ hud dake loeda. She draws water quickly.
Huchucu. Lofty, high.
Burn huchucu lieloKkana. The hill appears
high.
Huchucu. To sit on the heels.
Huchucue durupakana. He is sitting on his
heels.
Hucku eukur. Restless, going here
and there, wavering, doubting.
Hucku eukur baraekanae, mif t^hen do bae ta-
hena. He is going here and there, he will
not remain in one place.
Alope hucku eukur monoKa. And be not of
doubtful mind.
Hucmarte. ) Quickly, without warning,
Hucmente.J in a moment, suddenly.
Hue marte atkir got'kedea kuri6 do. The vul-
ture suddenly snatched and carried it away.
Hue mente bere£ calaoenae. He rose and left
without saying anything.
Hucuk. Necessity, compulsion.
Hucuk lagaoakawadea. Necessity was laid upon
him.
Huoufc lekae oalaoena. He left as if under com-
pulsion.
Hucuk heoadea. He was constrained.
Huda. A title, a cognomen, office, class.
Hud^ hudae rakapena He rose step by step.
Hor hndare gidrako emoKkana parhaolc lagifi.
Santals send their children to be educated.
Hudawan hor. A titled person.
Huda. To forward anything to its des-
tination by passing in on from
village to village.
Hudate kolgotjkam. Send it to its destination
by having it passad on from village to village .
Huda hedakawadea. Something has come to
him which he has to pass on to another
village.
Hudar. Shaft of a cart.
Hudgel." } To stir, to agitate.
Dalf alom hudg^ra. Do not stir the water.
Huqlgar hufJgSrteko loeautudo. They stir up
the relish before taking it out of the pot.
Hu'dgu dugur. To annoy, to trouble.
Nui do adiye hudgu dugurkedilia. He caused
me much trouble.
Gidra doko hudgu dugurkoa. Children annoy
them.
Hudgu dugur. To blaze, as a fire.
Hudgu dugnr joloKkana. Itis blazing.
Seiigel hudgu dugurotckana. The fire is blazing.
Hudhud. Roaring, as of a large fire
or a river in flood.
Hudhud sa<Jekana seiigel do. The fire is roar-
ing.
Hudhud daK ^tuKa. The flood rushes roaring
along.
Hudhudau. To roar as a river in flood,
or a large fire.
Hudhudau. To hurry.
Nui do oral? khone hudhudau odokkef koa. He
hurried them out of the house.
Ii5 do khanakha hudhudau agukedidae. He hur-
ried me here without cause.
Hudhudau. To roar, as a wild boar
or bear.
Hud hudi. A waterfall, a cascade.
Hud hudi then calaKpe. Go to the waterfall.
Hudin. Small, young.
Hudiri hudiri. . Very small.
Huditi saheb. Assistant manager.
Hudiii utarid. The youngest.
Hudis. To think, to ponder.
Hudis bundis. To think out.
Hud marte. \ Suddenly, with a rush.
Hud mente.J with a sudden rustle
or gust.
DaK hud marte argo got'ena. Water come down
with a rush.
Hudra. Steps on a ladder.
Hudra. A compartment, an apart-
ment, a room.
Hudrit. Scratched, abraded, slightly
bruised.
Hiidrif ghao. An abrasion of the skin.
God 4arte hudri(; go^enali. I was scratched by
a dead branch.
Huduc huduc. Lame, or leg stiff.
Hu(;lud huijud taramedae. He limps.
Hudu hudu6. A very small quantity
or piece.
Hudiik huduk
[ 239 ]
Huk raarte
Huduk huduk. Loud, the sound produ-
ced by beating a drum.
TumdaK tamak hu^uk hu<Juk 8a(j6a.
Tamak hii(Juk hviijuk arijomoKkana.
Hudul raj. \The angel of death, the
Hudur raj. J governor of the nether
world.
Hudurak. Huge, big, large.
HuduraKelieloKkanakuTdo. The tiger looks
huge.
Hudur hudur. Rolling of thunder, any
deep rolling sound.
Hudur hu(Jur rimil eaijekaiia. The thunder
roUa.
Hudur hudur. The lowing of a cow in
quest of her calf; the sound pro-
duced by a deep toned flute, deep
growl of tiger.
Gai hudur hudur dar hijulckasae. The cow
comes running and lowing.
Tirio sadea hudur hudur. The flute emits a
deep tone.
Kule garjao^ kana "hudur huduf. The tiger
growls hoarsely.
Hudur marte. With a plump, plumping
into deep water, a deep sound.
Hudur mente Am goiena. It fell with a plump.
Hudur mente sa^eena. It sounded plump.
Huluihugui.}^^^''*' gentle, as wind.
Hugui hugui hoeedae. A gentle breeze is blow-
ing.
Hugui hugnii non^e hoe bololf kana.
Hugui hugui. Before daylight.
Hugui marte. Quickly, instantly, sud-
denly.
Hugui marte calaoenae. He left suddenly.
Huhar. The Green pigeon, Grocopns
ehlorigaster.
Huh huh- Call of bear when enraged.
Huhi. A hunting term, to proclaim
the carcase of an animal killed in
the chase public when it cannot
be proved who killed it.
Huhkau. To make a noise like a bear
when enraged-
Banako huhkaua.
Geger lagif; huhkaulikan tahekanae.
Huhu. An imitative word, weeping.
Huhue raBkeda.
Huhu. Imitating crying.
Ce€ bail huhu dom raraKkan ?
Huhu. The hooting of the owl.
Hujat. "1 To oppress, trouble, annoy,
Hujut. j bother.
Khajna reaK ?.^iko hujuteflekana. They are
bothering us about our rent.
Hujlak'hujlak.}^'^ ^^''S^ quantity.
HUJI9.K hujljK mayam joroentaea. He bled
freely.
Hujlak marte. ~) With great force and
HujlaU mente. J quickly, in large
quantity and quickly.
Hujlg,1f marte upadil5ae. He poured me out a
large quantity.
Hujlajf marteA tuflikedea. I shot and wounded
him severely.
Huju duria. An ornament worn by
women and girls attached to the
coiled hair at the back of the head.
Hoe piohe huju (Juria hilau'Ktili. !My ohaplet
waves with every breath of wind.
Hujuk hujuk. In crowds, in swarms,
from all sides.
Hujuk hujuk horko jaoratkana. Crowds of
people are assembling.
Hujur. A term of respect. Sir.
Hujur. To trickle, as grain out of a
hole in a bag.
NoKoe non^eye hujurolikana. See, it is trick-
ling out here.
Hujur. Cf hajir.
Huk \^^^ ^° *^e loins, lumbago.
Jahan hamalalf tullekhan huhuka.
Huk leka cjan(ja hasoediilkana.
Huka. The hooka, the bubble bubble.
Huka bardar. An attendant whose
duty it is to attend to his master's
pipe, an attendant or assistant who
accompanies a Pargana when at-
tending to his official duties.
Huka, To snort, as a bull when exci-
ted.
Sar hnk^, paskaeako. Bulls snort and spurn
the ground.
Hor hoko hukaia edrete. People also snort
when angry.
Huke huke."| Imitative of the call of
Hua huke. / a jackal
Huker gundri. A species of quail.
Hukes. A bird so called.
Hukhuk. Imitative of weeping, bit-
terly.
Huk huke raKkeda. He wept bitterly.
Hukigot. News, intelligence.
Huk marte. With a slapping or smack-
ing sound.
HuK marte A dalmea nahaK. I shall give you a
smart slap presently.
Hukum
[ 240 ]
Hunar kisim
Hukum. An order, a command.
Ale do hukum ba-nuKtalea jahae goje lagit'. It
is not lawful for us to put any one to death.
Kombroe realf hukum b^'nukanah. It is un-
lawful to steal.
Hukuli hukul Sobbing.
Huku£ hukut'e ralfksda. He sobbed and wept.
Hul. To riot, to rebel, to mutiny,
applied more especially to the
Santal rebellion of 1853-54.
Huhulic. An exciter to riot, or rebellion.
Hul bapla. A marriage contracted at the
rebelUou. Cf. haulai.
Hulalc. To break off, to snip off, with
the fingers.
Hero geleto hulaga. They snip off the ears
of rice.
Hular. ") To lay waste, to destroy, to
Hular. ) consume.
Gota disomko hularkeda. They laid waste the
whole country.
Acti hular oooedape. Ton are allowing (the cat-
tle) to destroy (the crops.)
Hulas. Joy, gladness.
Hulg.3ol?pe. Rejoice.
Hulas bhanga. The spirits to be depres-
sed, to be dejected.
Horo gooentalete mon do hulas bhaugaentalea.
Our spirits are depressed owing to our rice
having died.
Hulec. To snip or break off with the
fingers.
Cha dare real? ijogko huleja, They pluck off
the buds of the tea bushes.
Pacrahgi baha dose miru huleo ?guime.
Huli. 1 Hue and cry, to send informa-
Hulia.j tion here and there, mostly
regarding persons or animals who
have been lost, or escaped prison-
ers.
Hulkam. Cf. hutkam.
Hulkau. To peep, to look and then
draw back as a person who does
not wish to be seen ; to sneak about.
Cet'em hulkaultkanaP ma odokoKme. Why are
you peeping ? come out.
Hulmal. Riot, disturbance, mutiny.
Hulsii. To sharpen implements by
heating and hammering, as black-
smiths do ; used also in threats, to
hammer.
Hulsifi kateko uruda. They sharpen by hammer-
ing and grinding.
Hapo, nahalclah hulsirimea. Wait a bit, I shall
Ijresently hammer you.
Huluc huluc. Again and again, vio-
lently, in large quantity.
Hulud hulude hijuEkana. He is coming again
and again.
Hulud hulud dhiia odokoKkana. The smoke
issues in large volume.
Huluk huluk.l Idling, loafing, loung-
Huluk buluk.J ing about, often, time
after time.
Huluk huluk sili sa^iup nondem aour baraekana.
Ton are always loafing about here.
HuluQ. ■) -r, ,
Hiskahulun. | Envy, to envy.
Sanam horko hiska huluhallkana, adili arjao-
akafte. All the people are envying me be-
cause I have had good crops.
Hulwel Cf. hilwet.
Hum. A shout to cattle when plough-
ing to cause them to stop, wo, stop
Humak. To strike, to beat.
HumaKtedeafi. I thrashed him.
Human. To admit, to confess.
Cele, noa katha dom humankeda? Do you
admit this statement ?
Humcak. To jerk the body, or any part
thereof.
HumcaiK gof enae. He jerked his body.
Humcau. To jerk the body, or any part
thereof.
Mifi dhaogeye humc?.ulena, humcau topaKgof-
kedae. He gave one jerk, and broke (the
rope with which he was tied.)
Humtak. \To disturb,to trouble,
Humtakhumtak.J as water by fishes,
&c,, to cause a movement in water,
to splash up.
Nonde hako menaKkoa, humtalckedako. There
are fish here, they caused a movement in the
water.
Hako con cele cone hum^aKkeda. A fish or
some other creature caused a movement
in the water.
Hunak. So much, so many, so much
as that.
HunaK ^akae khoroc oookefbona. He caused
us to spend so much money.
Hunar. To search for, as fruits, roots,
&c. in the forost.
Heltako hunar aguia. They gather and bring
home bamboo shoots.
Bir khon da hunar aguime. Search for and
bring roots from the jungle.
Hunar. \Industrious, managing,
Hunar kisim.j resourceful, applied
to housewives.
Hunar kisim maejiu kanae. She is a managing
woman.
Hunar
[ 241 ]
Hurbaa
Hunar. Skill, art.
Hunar. -| Of all kinds, of many
Nana hunar. J kinds.
Nana hunar kiorio. Cloth of many kinds.
Nana hunarko hatakafa. All sorts of merchand-
ise are for sale in the market.
Hunaj-ia. Industrious, managing,
resourceful, applied to females.
Nui ho g.i}i hun»ri? ^imgii kanao. This is a
very industrions housewife.
Hunda. To divide a carcase into
three parts, one of which the
owner gets, and the other two are
divided among the villagers or
people present.
Hunda. ")To knock down fruit with a
Hundali.3 pole or long bamboo by
pressing against it.
Hund?- tiogpe daiite. Keach and knock it
down with a stick.
Hunda. To catch fish with a hunda
jal (q. V.)
Hunda jal. A fishing net resembling
a shrimp net.
Hundar. The Indian wolf, Canis pal-
lipes.
Hundrau. To growl.
Hundruk. To grunt, as a pig.
Sukri doko hundruK han(Jruga.
Hundrak. A kind of rat trap.
Huni. That one (animate.)
Hunjan. To meet with hurt, harm,
injury, or disaster.
Atn hulljaiienae. He was carried away by the
water and got hurt,
l^urha hudjahenae. He fell and got hurt.
Hud mente. Immediately, quickly,
without warning.
Hu6 mente beref calaoenae. He rose and left
quickly.
Huntak. ") To raise or agitate
Huntal? huntak. J water from under-
neath, as a fish. Cf. humtaH.
HuutaE marte rakap gofenae hako do.
Hupa.
Lutur h ^ .
Lutur hup9 phe^reli tulikedea. I shot it behind
tho epr.
Hupcak. To jerk the body, or a part
thereof.
Agli garte hupc^K go6enae. He jerked his body
violently.
lupa. j
Hollow behind the ear.
Hupcak. mente. 1 r\ • 1 1 rte i. v
rr 1' J [Quickly. Cf. humcak.
Hupcak marte. j^ J
Hupc9.1{ mentoye ruai]" gofona. He returned
quickly.
Hupka. Trip, voyage. Scottice. Rake.
Mii hupk?i aguime, adorn chu^igea. Bring one
trip, then you are free.
Bar hupk* se pe hupk?, Aguime. Bring two or
three times.
Hupti6. Small, little ; applied to living
creatures.
Huptid hapraK . Small and great.
Huputei To be at variance ; to dis-
pute, wrangle.
Dher din khonkin huputeiikana. They have long
been at variance with each other.
Hur. IRubbish or dirt lying
Hur gundur.j about a house or court-
yard.
Noa hur gundur joK gidikam. Sweep up and
throw away this rubbish.
Dakako emadilia hur gundur cetanrege. They
gave me food on the top of rubbisli (did not
sweep a place for me.)
Hura. Damaged, injm-ed, blemished
in reputation.
Nui doe hur?.gea. He is blemished in reputa-
tion.
Kan(Ja do hur^gea. The water pot is damaged.
Hura.M. T Having any deformity of the
Huri. F. J nose, whether natural or
artificial.
MS. doe hur^gea. His nose is deformed.
Hura huri. To go here and there, to
accuse each other ; quickly.
Hur?. huriye bolo gofena. He rushed in.
Hurg. huri baraekanae. He goes wandering here
and there.
Hura huri. Thoughtlessly, carelessly.
Hurg. huriye ror paroma. He says more than
he ought to do through thoughtlessness.
Hura huri. Pushing and pulling.
Hur* huriye ocjokkedilia. He pushed me out
with violence.
Hurgi huriko lagakoa. They drive them with
violence.
Hurar. T To put on, as a ring, &c., to
Harar. J thread, to string.
Baberre hakohurarkom. String the fish.
Ma huraraeme, nia kafupre. Put it on this
finger (ring.)
riurau. To prod, as with a stick.
Hurau oijok gotkaeme. Prod him and force
him out.
Hurban. To lie with the legs drawn
up, curled up.
Non^e hurbahakanae. He lies curled up here.
31
Hurel;
[ 242 ]
Hurwan
Hurel To enter, to push oneself in ;
used mainly by women when angry
or annoyed.
Ale liat;ere alom hurefa. Do not orosa our
threshold.
Hurel To give tTie ankle a twist.
Huret patel ") To bring one foot close
Huret patup. J to the heel of the other
foot when walking, to go straight
forward disregarding obstacles.
Huret patet calaoenae.
Huret patupe oalaKkana. He smashes right
ahead.
TT • ° , ' y Quiclily, to dart.
Horgos marte. J ^ ■'
Hurgus marte bolo gotenae. He darted in.
Hur hur. To whiz, as a stone thrown
with force.
Hurhur dhiriko oapateda.
Huri. Of hura.
MB. huri. Having the nose deformed.
Huri. To blow the nose, to wipe the
nose with the fingers.
Mu. huriketlihane kabuketmea. When she
wiped her nose she conquered you.
Hurit. To scrape off.
Hape, thiroKme, rohgokoli huritama. Wait a
little, I shall scrape off for you some of
what has stuck to the pot in cooking.
(Wait, and have some food.)
TT • •• ■ -pi' >■ Having a stiff knee joint.
Hurjet. ") To have one of the
Hurjel! hurjel;. J legs hurt.
Hurjet' hurjete tarameda. He is limping owing
'to one of his legs being hurt.
Dare khon ilur hurjetakanae. He fell from a
tree and hurt his leg.
Hurka. ")
Hurkar. J
Ma hurkar gotkam. Bar th« door.
,Hurla.\To swing round and round with
Hurlu.J arms, to swing the arms.
Ti hnrlakateye hedeua. He came swinging his
arms (came empty handed.)
Khan tehgoc actege kurlu baraKkana.
Hurmarte | ^^izzing.
Hur mente. J °
H\ir marte dhiriko oapada. They throw the
stones with a whiz.
Hurmur. Quickly.
Ifialc oraRre hurmvire bolo goiena. He darted
into my house.
Hurmure kami joha. He works quickly.
Hurmut. Headstrong, selfwilled, with-
out asking permission.
- A wooden bar for a door.
Oka katha ho bae ailjoma hurmut bor do. Self-
willed people do not take advice.
AmaK hurmrit tegem oalaKkana. You are acting
in a self willed manner.
Hurmufte bolo gotenae. He forced himself in.
Hurso. Wish, desire ; to wish, desire,
long for, to importune.
Kbanadiye hursoketkhane em daporadea. When
he begged earnestly for it she gave it to him.
Uni doe hursokeda, den go mit goten Junki
koearime. He begged saying, mother ask
a tuhki (q. v.) for me.
Hurtir. To rub the teeth with the
finger.
Data khub leka hurtir saphaeme. Eub your
teeth well to clean them.
uru. ( rpj^^ ^^^^ plant, unhusked rice.
Huruc huruc. Lame. Cf. huduc
huduc.
Hurii huru. To doze.
Hurii huruA japit lioga. I will doze a little.
Hurum durum. \To dragoon, to blus-
Hurum dhurum.J ter, to hound, worry
by bluster and threats.
4diye hurum durumkedi^a. He worried me by
bluster and threats.
SordaroKko adiko hurum diirumkoa. The
overseers dragoon them.
Hurum hurum. ~) ^, . . ,
TT -1, ■ > (jtlowing cinders.
Uurun hurun. J =■
Hurum hurum loena. It is Ijurnt to glowing
cinders.
Hurum surum. ~) Industriously, dili-
XJrum surum. J gently.
Hormo ho bae dayawaKa, hurum surume kamia.
Hurun. To pound in the mortar of
dhinki (q. v.), to husk rice by
pounding it.
Hurun hurun. Cf hurum hurum.
Hurun huruii sengel joloK kana. The fire is in
a glow.
Hurur. To strip off, as flesh from bone.
Jan khon jel hururme. Strip the flesh off the
bones.
Eken jane hurur liameua. He is reduced to
skin and bone.
Hurur hurur. On the out side.
Hurur hurur sengel joloKkana. The fire has
only attacked the outside.
Hurui}. Stump of tree in ground.
Huruf khuntut. Stumps and roots.
Hurwah. 1 Having the bridge of the
Mu hurwah.) nose broken, any de-
formity of the nose.
Mu hurwah cabaentaea.
Hurwan
t 243 ]
la
Hurwan. To injure, to damage, to cause
detriment, to make unservice-
able.
T9,ld6te hiiTwanena kanija do. The waterpot is
damaged through having been knocked a-
gainst aomething.
Hus. Consciousness, sense.
Ball hnslena. I had not all my wits about me.
Husec. Cf. hosoc.
Husiar. Intelligent, prudent, cautious,
smart, sly.
Toyo do a<^iko hnsi^ra. Jackals are very sly.
Husig.roKme, liur botedkoUam. Be cautious,
you may fall.
Husit. To pare.
Husnak. Beautiful; to beautify, to
adorn, to ornament.
Noako dare do eken husngik. These trees are
only for ornament.
Husuc. Hiding, keeping out of sight.
Bolo hnsuoakanae. IHe is hiding inside.
Hiit. ") Strong-headed, self-willed, in-
Hutha. J dependent.
Ac hute calaoena. He took his own way.
Hut hutu. High, lofty.
Punri hut hu^u ilelolf kana. The hill is high.
Hathiko teugokoKa hut hutu. Elephants are
high when they stand.
Hutec. Cf hutkam.
Hute£. Quarrelsome.
Nui hute^ mara hor. This quarrelsome rascal.
Hutet panjar. Stout, sturdy.
HuteS paiijar hor kanae. He is a sturdy fellow.
Hudhudu. Lofty, high, tall.
Hul! hul Close, oppressive, as a hot
day with no breeze ; oppressive, as
a house full of smoke.
Hu€ hutko dhuakeda. The smoke is annoying.
Huti. A species of larvae that bore in
timber, also a weevil which attacks
several leguminous seeds, as those
of malhan (q. v.), raher (q. v.), ho-
rec (q. v.), &c.
Hutikedako.. iWeevils'have eaten it.
Hutkam.l Used in conditional sentences
Hutkec. J in which the protasis (con-
dition) is supposed not to have been
realised, and, therefore, the apo-
dosis (consequent) has not taken
place.
Aloli heelen, ar aloA galmaraoako khan hutkam,
kai oho tahelentakoa. If I had not come
and spoken unto them they had not had sin.
Nen(Jem tahelenkhan hutk9.m barell ohoe goo-
lena. If thou hadst been here my brother
had not died.
Amem koeliii khan hutkam ili emkema. If you
had asked me I would have given it to you.
Hutma. To seize and shake, to jerk,
to scold.
Hutma pasirkateli daykeda. I shook him off
and fled.
Hutm» bindarmeaA. I will seize and throw
you down.
A^iye hutmaKkan. He is scolding violently.
Hutma hutmi. To scold and flourish
the arms about, bluster.
^(Jiye hutma hutmikediila.
Hutra hutri. ") To search for by grop-
Hutrau. / ing or feeling.
Hako hutraukom dhiri latarre. Feel for the fish
under the stones.
Hutra hutri dam baraedae. He is groping to
find it.
Hutuk. "I A very large rock ; huge,
Hutu p. J large.
Hutup lekae durup akana. He is sitting like a
rock.
Hutup leka oralftako. Their house is like a
large rock, (very big.)
Hutup leka caole baudi,
BaA bogoja baba, baii dakaea.
Hutum. To rinse out the mouth.
Moca hutumoKme. Hinse your mouth.
Hutup. Cf. hutuk.
Huiya. "J Being, an unexpected occur-
Huiyate. } rence.
Am do nonkan hor huiya noam kamikea ? Be-
ing such a man as you are could you do this
work?
Am do nonkan hor huiyate cedaK nonka dom
k ami kana?
Huiya gotentaete nokoe kule jomkedoa.
Huiya hoeena, babon diaa daramlaka^ nonkae
akala mente.
Hutur. Bare, bare of leaves, as a tree.
Sit' huturkedako. They have plucked it bare.
of leaves.
Hoyo huturenam. Tou are shaved clean.
I.
I.
An exclamation of vexation or an-
noyance.
la. What do you call it, so and so, you
know ; to do. Used when the
speaker does not remember the
proper word or through delicacy
omits to use it.
lakediliae. He struck me, or pushed me.
lakedam? Have you done it?
la
[ 244 ]
Ikoc sokoc
la. Employed to call attention.
la, hape arijomlem. I say, stay aii(} listen.
la, okatem calaKkana P Hey ! where are you
going.
I9. ho, hape thirlenme.
la aika. \ Employed in warnings, and
la aikha. J threatenings.
la aikha disaime. Be sure you rememher.
la, aikha ohod senlena, ?.di kami menaKtiiia. I
cannot possibly go, I have too much work.
lar jel. A species of deer.
late. Through, by means of, owing to.
Am i?ite nung,lfill dukakana. It is through you
I am suffering so much.
A.^i dale iate bail parom darelena. I could not
cross owing to there being much water.
Amem onkakei: ig-tell sg.jaimea. I will punish you
because you did thus.
Ibil. Thick, dense, close together.
Ibil ibilko erkeda. They sowed (the seed) very
thickly.
A^i ibilkedako. They have put them very close.
Ibilolca. Will be very dense.
Ibil pailjar. Stout, sturdy.
Ic. Excrement, dross, slag from a
smelting furnace, rust ; to rust.
16 jon. To go to stool.
loteEko odoka. They remove the dross.
Ipil ickedae. The star voided excrement.
(A shooting star is regarded as the excrement
of another star.)
IjoKte ho bae barija. Will not be harmed
through rusting.
leak. A prawn, a shrimp.
Sole icalc. A large species of prawn.
leak. A common shrub, Woodfordia
fiorihiinda, Salib.
IcaK baha. The flower of the Ir,ak' tree. It
contains a large amount of honey.
leal? dare. The leak tree.
leak carec . A piece of a thin twig of the Jcafc'
tree used as a pin when making leaf
platea, cups, &c,
leak bando. A common parasitic plant,
Loranthus Buddeoides, Wedd.
leak arak. A wild pot herb, Ponzolzia
pentandra, Benn.
leak saram. A species of deer.
leak kakittet. A species of insect found
in water.
leer. ") A common climbing jungle
Icewer. / plant, Vitis latifolia, Roxb.
Ici. To shake while holding in the
mouth, as a dog a rat.
Setae ioikedea. The dog seized it and shook it.
Ickoc. A commom fodder grass, Era-
grostis tenella, Nees.
The culma of this grass are made into brooms.
16 uru. A kind of beetle.
Idi. The heel.
Idi. To take away, to continue.
Jom idikedae. He ate as he went, or he ate and
went away.
Calao idikkana. It is passing away.
Ona colonrele hed idiena. This has been our
unbroken custom.
Hara idilfa. Will continue to grow.
Grhatao idilia. Will continue to become less.
Hed idiS kana. Itia coming nearer.
Idi dudi. A game played by children.
Idu. Possibly, gives the idea of uncer-
tainty.
Iduii calak idu bail. Possibly I may go, and
possibly not.
Idhoc odhoc. Waddling gait owing to
corpulency.
Idhod odhode calaSkana. He waddles.
Idor bidor. Imperfectly executed,
done so as to require doing over
again, to do repeatedly.
Tinak idor bidoriii kamia? Tahe oooam. How
often will I do it? Let it alone.
Ih. A cry caused by sudden pain or
cold, oh !
Ijara. A farming lease, a privilege, or
income of variable amount let for
a fixed sum.
Noa ato real? ijaraii hataoaka^a. I have taken
a farming lease of the revenues 01 this village.
Ijardar. A farmer of land or revenue.
Ijardari. Farming or contracting for
rent or revenue.
Ijara jjatta. A lease, a document under
which a lease or farm is held.
Ijahar. \ A deposition, statement or evi-
Ijhar. j dence given in a court of
justice.
Ijhare hataokeiitiiia. He recorded my state-
ment.
Ika. To pardon, forgive, let alone,
pass over, omit.
Ikakatime. Pardon me, or let me go.
li^ hatarkaeabo. We will pass him over
meanwhile.
Ik9.ka. Will be pardoned.
Ikir sikir. J I^estless, playful, flirting.
Ikoc sokoc. To shake, to sway up and
down, to joggle.
Ikoc aokooko agu kedea.
Beste heweme, alom ikoj sokojeam.
Ikod sokode kamikana.
Ikot
[ 245 T
Indara
Ikot. To be assured, to be relieved
from doubt, fear, or suspicion.
Bae ikotolfkana. His mind ia not relieyed.
Ikot; monte tahenme. Keep your mind easy.
Ikrar. To promise, to pledge oneself,
to agree to.
IkraroKaii. I will pledge myself.
Car ana sud ikrarkate t^akari oijonkeda. I got
the money, pledging myself to pay 25 per
cent, interest.
Ikrar nama. A written agreement,
bond, or contract.
Ikrum. To kneel.
Hapikrnm. To bite the under lip.
Ikrumolcme. Kneel.
Iktiari.}^°^®^'*^*^°^*y-
II. A feather.
Ilolf . To become feathered.
Ilenae. He hag decamped, or become wealthy.
Ilanko. Feathered creatures.
Sui il. Feathers just begun to grow.
Taben il. Half grown feathers.
II saprum. Full fledged.
Lopoteau il. Down on the body of a newly
hatched bird.
Kanso il. The first three quill feathers on the
mng of a bird,
n t^nuKtiiia. I have not got a gala dress.
Ilaj. To punish, to chastise.
Nui hor gidibon ilajkedea, enho bae bataoeda.
We have severely chastised this person, still
he pays no heed.
Ilaka. Province, district, jurisdiction.
Ilak chada. ~j Free, um'estrained, having
Elak chada. V no connection with, not
Alag chada. J responsible.
Noa kathare doi5 ilak ohadagea. I have no res-
ponsibility in this matter.
J,-' ■ [-Knowledge, wisdom.
Ilambaksis.l^P^^^'^^*'^?"^'^-
Jlei. To plaster or plug up a hole or
crack, to apply an ointment to a
sore.
Kanda lahite ilef ese^kaKme. Plug the hole in
the waterpot with lac.
Hid ciA. A small, common plant, 01-
denlandia senegcUensis, Hierw.
Ilsa. The Hilsa fish.
Im. The liver.
Im boro. Liver and lungs.
Iman. Faithful, trustworthy, consci-
entious, scrupulous.
Imangeae. He is faithful.
iixianueueauo. xney uxaiuineu
|. j-So much, so many.
Mine.
Imtam. To estimate, to judge, to
consider.
Celom imtamkedap Have yon considered it?
Am imtamre tinaK damoKa? How much ought
the price to be in your estimation ?
Imandar. Faithful, conscientious.
Imtihan. To examine.
Imtihan em. To undergo an examination.
Intihankedeako. They examined him.
In. _ "
Inak.
In habic. Up till then.
In tirii. So much.
In maraii. So big.
In k^t-io. So small.
In garte. So many times.
In gan. About so many.
Inag. So much, that much, this much.
Ina. That, this, the same.
In?ige 9.guime. Bring that one.
Ingigeye laiadilia. He told me that same.
Ing. ghnri. At that moment.
In^kate. After that, next, having done that.
Ingige bon galmaraoa. We will discuss this
matter no farther.
16. The 1st personal pronoun I, also
me.
IiiaK.
I A reah. I
Irian.
Iri ren.
Iriia. My (animate) one.
Iri emarime. Give to me.
In aned. Not till then, then only,
luali. So much, that much, this much.
Insilf f^GTO emadiria. He gave me that much.
In^Kge bon galmaraoa. We will bring our
conversation to a close.
Ing-U gan sorolime. Come about this much
nearer.
Inate. 1
Ina teron. [-Therefore, for that reason.
Ina mente. j
Inci. Cor. of the English word inch,
1/12 of a foot.
Indara. A well.
Ind. One of the words used in testing
the luck attaching to a bed.
The spaces between the net work of a bed are
counted from the foot to the head, begin-
ning with ind, then cniid, then jom, and
then raja , and so on until the end.
If either cav.d or rajn falls on the last space the
bed ia lucky, and if either i;kZ ov jom falls
on it it is unlucky.
Indara. ) poj-i^erly, in times past.
Nin dara. j ■' '^
Indarale arjaoet'tahekangea, nes do bah hoele-
na. Formerly we had good crops, this year
we had Uttle.
Indara dom hijuKkan tahekana. You were in
the habit of coming.
Inde
[ 246 ]
Isai
Inde. Here.
Inde ho ban, unde ho bah. Neither here nor
there, neither up nor down.
Indif. To suspect, to blame, to charge
with.
Indit'aekanaii. I snspeot him.
IndidoKae. He will suspect.
T ° 1 Reasonable, iudicious, mo-
In gante. } , ^ i -j.!. •
T ° , derately, withm compass.
Ingonte.j •" '■
Ingange emaeme. Give him a reasonable am-
ount.
Ingante do bae aAjom hoda. He will not obey
with a reasonable amount of telling.
lagut. To stoop. Cf. engot.
Ingul. To pretend, to make a shew of.
Jom iiigul. To make a shew of eating.
Kuhau ihgul. „ , , striking with
the fist.
Dal ihgul. To pretend to beat.
Ger ihgul. ,, bite.
Ini. This one, he or she, him or her.
Ini ho emaeme. Give to him also.
Inka. Like this, a little, not too much.
Inka emaeme, ini ho inka.
T ' > Then, at that time.
Inrege. J '
In utar. Not till then, then only.
Ipicalj. Cf. repec ipicak, to dispute,
to altercate.
Ipidi. The Reciprocal form of idi (q. v.)
Ipil. A star.
?:no«tr'>--«*-
Ipikals. The Reciprocal form of ika
Ipindit. Reciprocal form of indit' (q. v.)
Ipitic. The Reciprocal form of itic
(q. V.)
Irok.}T°^'^^P-
IroK din. Harvest.
Ir arpa. A small sheaf of grain the daily
perquisite of a yearly servant during
harvest.
Ir samtao. T
Ir ader, > To harvest.
Ir rakap. j
Koa h3 irogol^a hapen. This will.aleo be reaped
by and by.
IroKko. Reapers.
Ira. Harsh, spiteful, cutting.
Nui hor do 9.^11 ira kathae rora. This man says
harsh things.
Ira iri. Sulky, ill-natured ; to be at
loggerheads, to be at enmity, to
be at variance.
All, the whole, every-
Ir?. iri nui hor doe tahena, okoe tuluo ho bae
bonotoKa. This man is always at variance
with some one, he agrees with no one.
^ijikin irgi irigea. They are at loggerheads.
Iral. Eight.
Ir9.1 gel. Eighty.
Iral isi. Eight score.
Gel irail. Eighteen.
Irci. To jerk the hand, to sprinkle.
Irci' pasirkedeae. He jerked his hand and
released himself from his grasp.
Sehgelreye irci pasir go1;kadea. He shook it
off his hand into the fire.
irci ghiirci. \To curl up, as a piece of
Irci ghurchi./ twine which has been
over-twisted when slackened.
Irci gurci.
Irtic gurtic. r xi.- r i ■ j
-r' , ,° • , , thmgf, 01 every kind.
Irtuc gurtuc. j o> j
Nes do irtid gurtidle kamifceda. We left no
part of the work undone this year.
Irtuc gurtudko galmaraobeda. They discussed
everything.
Iri. A cultivated millet, Panicum
Crus-galli, Linn.
Kokor jahga iri. A cultivated millet, Panicum
Crus-galli, var. fi'UTnentacea.
Iric. To extinguish, to go out, or be
put out, as fire.
DaK dulaKkhan sehgel irijoKa. If water is
poured on fire it will be extinguished.
Edre irijoKkantaea. His anger is being extin-
guished, (he is becoming pacified.)
Sehgel irieena. The fire is extinguished.
Iric cddc. Fond of jollity, junketting,
revelry, amusement.
Ape do sob din hiloK iric cikidgetape. You
spend all your time junketting.
Irsa. Harsh, spiteful, cutting. Cf. ira.
Irifi birid. Unintelligible.
Cefc' iriiibiriiikinroreda? ban buihauKtakina.
Irfic gartiic. *) All, the whole, every-
Irtuc gartuc. j thing, of every kind.
C£ irci gurci.
Iru. To tantalise, to tease or torment
by presenting something to eat,
but keeping it out of reach.
Cf ero.
Is. Cf ish.
Isa. Christ.
Isai. Christian, to become Christian.
Ifi ayo Isjigeye tahekana. My mother was a
Christian.
Disom hor sauamko Is9.ioKa hapen. All the
people of the country will yet become Chris-
tian.
Isara
[ 247 ]
IthulaU
Isara.^ ■) A sign, a hint, to make a sign,
Isaral J to give a hint.
Isarawaeme. Make a sign to him
Isbis. To be irritated, provoliied, stung,
galled ; irritating, annoying, pro-
voking, galling, aggravating.
Jaliae roraekhan iabisgeye ?iikgiua. If any one
speaks to him he feels irritated.
Isbis godol^ae. He will at once become irritated.
Ish. \ A cry caused by sudden pain, or
Is. / cold, oh !
Is ! dak areoadiiiae. Oh ! he threw water on me.
Is ! hasokediiia. Oh ! it hurt me.
Isi. A score, twenty.
Mi£ isi. A score.
More isi. Five score.
Mit iaZgH. Thirty.
Isi. The plough beam to which the
yoke is attached.
Isia gan. A full score, may be more
but no less.
Tinak menakkoap Isia gan. How many are
there? A fnll score.
Judi hor bako ba^ae thiklekhan isia gane bulaa
dareakoa. If people did not know him well,
he could deceive them the full score.
Isin. To cook ; to be inflamed, com-
pletion of fermentation.
Isin aro. To cook food.
Isin laha. To over-cook.
Isinabonme. Cook our food.
Auriisinoka. It is not yet cooked.
More maha khange isinena. In five days the
fermentation was complete.
Isir. To grin, to shew the teeth, as a
dog when snarling.
Setako isira. Dogs shew the teeth (when snar-
Ceiem isir isiroKkana? What are you grmnmg
at?
Isir sitkoc- To grin, to sniggle, to joke,
to be humourous, to make fun.
Sm sa^upem isir sitkoe baraekana. Tou are
continually making fun.
Iskir. To rub the body, massage.
EuaKreko iskirkoa. Massage is employed on
those in fever.
Eua ruaii aikaueda, iskirkalime. I feel feverish,
rub my Hmbe.
Isko. So, this.
Isko maraii. So big.
Iskul. Cor. of the English word school.
Iskul gidra. School children.
Iskulokkanae. He goes to school.
Isor. God.
IsorolSale. "We will reverence God, or become
Christiana.
Isot! osol;. The gait peculiar to a very
corpulent person.
Xaoi osot'e tayameda. He waddles.
Ispaiij. Cor. of the English word sponge
Ispat. Steel.
Ispat. A turncoat, changeable.
A(}i ispat ho; kanae He is a great turncoat.
Isposto. Clear, distinctly.
Isposto bae uorju dayeaka. He cannot speak
distinctly.
Isthir. Quiet, still, settled.
Istihar. Notice, proclamation, adver-
Istok. All, every. [tisement.
Istok horko calaoena. All the people have
gone.
Istopa. To relinquish, renounce; to
vacate or resign a situation.
Istopakedae. He relinquished (land.)
Istri. An iron, to iron.
IliaK kicrio besokodte istrikatiiime. Iron my
cloth well.
J ■ ■ [• Christian.
1898 sal Iswi. In the eighteen hundred and
ninety eighth year of the Christian era.
Ita. Seed.
Noa dole joma. ar noa dole it9.ia. We will eat
this, and keep this for seed.
Ita r^nu. Seed grain.
Ita. A brick.
Itat. Food left over on a plate, &c., to
leave food after having partaken
of some.
Itat daka. Cooked rice left on the plate.
ItaCadiiiae. He eat part and gave the remain-
der to me.
Itat. Presents or perquisites given at
time of marriage to certain rela-
tives of the bride by the bride-
groom.
Ehga itaC. Given to the bride's mother.
Bohga jia it^f. Given to the bride's father's
mother.
Here ji?iita€. Given to the bride's maternal
grandmother.
Bare ita6. Given to the bride's eldest brother.
Hatom itai;. Given to the bride's aunt.
Itbar. 1 Trustworthiness.
Itwar. )
Amak itbarili lieltama. I shall see whether you
are trustworthy or not.
Ithulak. \A rude fireplace made of
Uthuiak. J stones on the top of which
the cooking pot is placed.
Ithulak lekam durupakana, bahrere. You are
sitting out-side like an improvised fireplace.
Itl
[ 248 ]
Jabjabao
Iti. This, this present ; that, that pre-
sent.
Iti ghufite Ben godoBiae. Go thif? minute.
Iti polom ruarme. Eetnrn immediately.
Iti bargi kami godme. Do the work this minute.
Itic. To pinch, to ;i;p.
Itie tuBum oei; ho banuKtalea. We are absol-
utely destitute. (We have nothing that
could be pinched or felt.)
Itlc tunum sanamle oabakeda. We hare finish-
ed everything.
Itie topaK gotkam. Snip it off.
Itihas. History.
Sedae reaK itihas. Ancient history.
Itihas oloKic. A historian.
Itil. Fat, rich.
Katkom itiloRaii. I will become moderately
well-to-do.
Jom itil ocokedeart. I fattened him.
Itkiii. To rub tlie eyes.
Alom itkidoJca. Do not rub your eyes.
Itoc potoc. An adjective or an adverb
possessing intensifying force.
Itoc potodko dalkedea. They thrashed him
severely.
Itoopofodko agukedea. They fined him heavily.
Itoe potoeko orkedea. They dragged him along
roughly.
Itoc potocle jom Aukeda. We feasted lavishly.
Itra itri. Going here and there in quest
of amusement, as at fairs, me-
las, &e.
Itrg. itri baraekanae.
Itrau. Given to jollity, or junketting.
Jom itrg.uGnae.
Itu. C£ eto.
Itut. The irregular application of
sindur (q, v.) to the forehead of a
marriageable woman by a man.
Itui3 bapla. An irregular marriage, which con-
sists in a man applying sindur to the fore-
head of a marriageable woman with, or
without, her consent.
Itut' aindur. The lawful application of sindur
to the forehead of a bride at time of mar-
riage.
Itu€ sindur hoeena. The marriage ceremony
has been performed.
lyo. Used to attract attention, see !
hark ye ! halloo ! soho !; of surprise,
what ! indeed ! really ! O !
lyo ! aTijomme. Halloo ! listen.
lyo! daleliam. What! would yon strike me.
lyo ! ce1:em cekaea. ! what will you do ?
lyo. So, this, as.... as.
lyo marah. As large as this.
Ja. Used when addressing a boy, or
one's younger brother.
HijuMmeja. Come, my boy.
Cele kanaeP ja. What is it my boy?
Jab. When.
Jabem calaKa, unre noa katha rorme, When
you go, then say this.
Jaba. To cut the throat.
Merom ar simko jabakoa. They out the throats
of goats and fowls.
Jaba jobo. Slow, sluggish, inactive.
Jaba jobo baraekanae. He moves sluggishly
about.
Jabajuba. To mend, to patch up, to
repair.
NesiA jaba jubakakkana. I am patching it up
this year.
Nia do' oredakana, ma jaba jubaime. This is
torn, mend it.
Jabab. ^ . , , . . ,
Tobflb f ■^'is''^®^' ^^6ply, dismissal.
Jabab dahi emoE. ") To give an account of, take
Jabab dihi emok. j responsibility.
Jabab dahi. ") -o -u-tj.
Jabab diiu. JEesponsibihty.
Jababadeaii. I dismissed him, or sent him about
his business.
Jabar jubar. ") Helping in this and that,
Jabar jubur. J assisting generally.
Jabar jnbare kami goroalekana. He helps ua
here and there.
Jabar jubur. Dripping, drenched.
Lohotenae jabar jubur. He is dripping wet.
JabdahL Moist, as a field ; wet, as a
puddle.
Jabdahi ot. Moist soil.
Jabdo. To set down, to restrain, to
snub, to overpower.
Jabdokedeako. They gave him a setting down.
Jabe. To cut the throat. Of jaba.
Jabid. To attach under a warrant, to
destrain, to sequestrate,to restrain,
to place an embargo on.
Jjbidakana, alope malt baraea. The cutting of
these (trees) is forbidden.
Jabid. Close or safe custody.
Khub jabidre dohoeme alo barijoK. Keep it in
close custody, so that it may not be harmed.
Jabidre menaka. It is under strict surveilance.
Jabin. To overpower, to overcome,
to render poWerless. Cf. jabun.
JabiSao.}^^""?'^™*'^^^'^^^*-
OraK jab jab atkaroKkana. The house feels
damp.
Jabod.
[ 249 ]
Jaejug.
Jabod. To attach, to sequestrate, to
restrain, to forbid, to distrain.
Khajna bae emlefte horoko jabodkeftaea.
They distrained liia dhan as he had not
paid his rent.
Jabod. The third ploughing of a rice
field.
During the third ploughing a certain amount
of water is retained in the field to kill grass
and weeds.
Jabra. Rubbish.
44i jabra menalca. There is much rubbish.
Jabri. To overcome, render helpless ;
seriously ill. Cf. jabun.
Ruate khube jabriakana. He has been render-
ed helpless by fever.
Jabrahi. Handsome figure, tall and
well knit frame, applied to women
and cows.
Jabrao. To spread over, to hang, to
put on trappings, to caparison, to
put on ornaments and clothes.
Noa dare ?idi sahgiiite jabrao eaetakafa. This
tree has spread (its branches) over a large
area,
Besgeye jabraoakana, go(a hormo. His whole
body is decked out with ornaments and
finery.
H?.thi hoko jabraokoa. They also put trappings
on elephants.
Berhaete kioriie jabrao acurakaja. He has
curtained it all round.
j^^^;^- 1 Thickly, close together, blotted.
Bes beste olme alom jabre oooea. Write care-
fully, do not allow it to blot.
Jabu. To cut the throat. Cf jaba.
Jabun. To overpower, to overcome, to
render powerless.
Euate j?.bunakanae. He is laid up with fever.
Jacao. To implore, to beg, as for dear
life.
More horko fhene jacaoena.
Jada. More, much, too much.
Jadagea. There is too much.
Dak jadaena. There is too much water.
Jadam jadam. Night-long, all night,
continuously.
Nindare cedaKpe darana jadam jaijam? Why
do you go about all night ?
Ja^am jadame dalflaka teheii liind?. It rain-
ed all last night.
Ja4am ja4am kulhiko darana setaK habio.
They go about the atreeta aU night till
morning,
Jaijam jacjamko aipisatafe. They have annoy-
ed us all night-long.
Jadgo. To scratch, to claw, to paw.
Kule jadgo tioKkedea. The tiger managed
to claw him.
Tarupe jadgokedea. A leopard has clawed her.
(Referring to a young women who has had her
forehead marked with sindur in an irregular
way. Cf itut,)
Jadhio. "I
Jadhio kal. j-At any time.
Jadio, j
Jadhio alom calalfa ona jaegate. Do not at
any time go to that place.
Jadopatia. A caste of Hindus who
deal in enchantment and profess
to hold communication with the
spirits of the dead.
Jadu. Conjuring, deceiving, enchant-
ment, witchcraft.
Jadu henaktaea. He has power to enchant,
Jadui, The cocoons of the tassar silk
worm spun in the cold weather.
t' 1 1 / i-To warm oneself at a fire.
Jadwahl.J
4iji nitolc dom jadwahilckana, sahan agu bam
rebenlena. Now you are warming yourself
over the fire, you who refused to bring fire-
wood.
Jae. Victory.
Jae bejae. To oppress, to injure, to
harm.
Ce£ ho alom jaebejaetakoa. Do not harm any-
thing belonging to them.
Kul cele hu bae jae bejaeaka£koa. The tiger
has done harm to no one,
Jae dada. Great-grandfather.
Jaede. Let it alone, let it go.
Jaede, bugiena. Let it alone, it is all right.
Jaega. ") Place, land, farm ; to place, to
Jagah. J give land to, to give a girl
in marriage, to retire for the night.
Jaegawadeart. I gave him land.
Jaegakadeali. I gave him a place to sleep,
NitoKbon jaega baraka. We willnow retire for
the night,
Teheli Jiii.da Biswadihrelejaegalena. We pass-
ed last night in Biswadih.
Bhale jaega kana. It is a good piece of land,
Nesbon jaegakaea mai do. We will give our
daughter in marriage this year.
Jaejat. Moveable or immovable pro-
perty given in pledge or mortgage.
Mit; arar kadaA jaejatakatkina. I have pled-
ged a yoke of buffaloes.
Jaejatko uduKakoa, They point out what ia
given in pledge,
Jaejug. For ever, always.
Jaejug gem hijuKkana, Ton are always coming.
Jaejug Tagi£ iA em utarat'mea. I gave it to you
out and out,
Jaejug ohom tahelena noncje. You cannot re-
main here for ever,
Jaejuglaii opola. We will always correspond
with each other.
32
Jae jupatiii.
[ 250 ]
Jaher.
Jae jupatiii. Edible jungle products
such as leaves, fruits, roots, nuts,
gums, &c.
Jaejulum. Oppression, severity, tyran-
ny, coercion; to tyrannize, dom-
ineer, oppress, override.
Alom jaejulumkoa. Do not oppress them.
Disom do iaejulnmte pereoakana. The country
is full of oppression.
Jaejumdha. Rubbish, rubbish lying
about a house.
Jae korar. A great-grand-child.
Jaesan. 1 . . ,
T ?As, lUst as.
Jaesne. J ' •'
Jaesangem bamia, enkagem Iiama. As you act
so will you receive.
Jaesan taesan hor alom badae/ia. Do not take
me for such a fool.
Jaesanko kamikeda taesanko liamkeda. They
received according to their work.
Jae tatai. My great-grandfather.
Jae tatam. Thy great-grandfather.
Jae tatat. His great-grandfather.
Jagah. Place, land, farm. Cf. jaega.
Jagao. To be on the alert, to keep
awake.
Jagaote tahenme. Remain on the alert.
Jagao. \A nightly serenading of the
Gaijagao.J cattle by the young men
of the village during the continu-
ance of the Sohrae (q. v.) festival
Korako do mil; liinda gal ka(Jako jagaokoa, sa-
nam hoT ren.
Jagarna. To be on the alert, to watch.
Jagamath. A variety of the rice plant.
Jage. What, whatever.
Jagesar. Large in area, as a field.
Jagron. To be on the alert, to keep
.awake, to watch.
Jagwar. To be on the alert, to keep
awake.
Jagwaraban tahenme. Continue alert.
Jah. An exclamation of annoyance.
Jah ! cet'i6 cekakeda ? Oh dear J what have I
done?
Jaha. Any, anything, whatever, where-
ever.
Jahate. Wheresoever.
Jaba see. In -whatsoever direction.
Jahatinre. Whenever, whatever time of day.
Jahatisre. Whenever.
Jahatiualc. How much soever.
Jaha lefea. In any way, whichever way,
Jaha lekate. In any way, that, so that,
- Jaha then. Any where, wherever.
Jahare. Wherever.
Jahae. Any one, some one.
Jahae geye idiakata. Some one has taken it
away.
Jahae barjkhan jahae. Some one or other.
Ar jahaege ilire bae takijoK unigeye bhagan.
And blessed is he, whosoever shall find none
occasion of stumbling in me.
Jahaetali. Any one, whomsoever.
Jaha kaha. Here and there, anyway.
Jaha kaha menaK gea. It is to be found here
and there.
Jahaj. A shi^x
Jahaj calclaoko. The crew of a ship.
Jahaj kaera. A variety of plantain.
Jahaj oho. Slow, sluggish in move-
ment.
Cetem jaha j oho barae kana ? What are you doing
going about so sluggishly?
Jahalj. Whatsoever, anything.
Jahal. A cor. of the English word
"jail."
Jahal khana. A prison house.
Jahal khanarelso aderkedea. They put him in
prison.
Jaha man taha. Anywhere, at random,
Jahaman tahae durup baraea. He sits down
anywhere.
Jahan. At any time, or something else.
Ealkatatem sen jahanlena. Have you at any
time gone to Calcutta P
Dal jahankemako. They many beat you or
something else.
Jahan. Any, some.
JahanaK. Any thing, something.
Jahanid. Any one, some one.
Jahan jinis agui lagitko oalaKkana. They are
going to bring goods of some kind.
Jahanalc. Any thing, something.
JahanaK emadme. Give me something.
JahanaRge emafime. Give me anything.
Jahanid. Anyone, some ona
Jahanko. Anyones.
Jahar. Poison.
Jahar mahra. Poison for arrows.
A poison bearing this name is said to be found
in the head of the Adjutant bird. It is be-
lieved to be an infallible cure for snake bite.
Jahatak. Whichever, any, any one.
Jahatal^em kusiaK, ona hataome. Take which-
ever pleases you.
Jaher. \The Sacred grove of the
Jaherthan. j Santals. There is one
attached to each village and they
are principally composed of trees
of Shorea robusta, Gcertn.
Jaher dareko. The trees that compose the
Sacred grove.
Jaher era
[ 251 ]
Jala
Jaher era. A female deity who has a
place in the Jaher or Sacred grove.
Jahir. To publish, to make known, to
inform.
Jahlt. To exert oneself, to take pains,
to spare no effort, to bestir one-
self, to take trouble.
Jg.hltme. Take trouble over it.
Nui hor jgihitein. Sparc no efEort (in nursing
him.)
AraK sakam jahlt ^.guitabonme. Exert your-
self to provide us with the necessaries of
life.
Bam j'9.hitlebhan ohom jomlea. If yon do not
exert yourself you cannot eat.
Jahpun. Tired looking, lazily.
Nonijege i?ihpuhe durupakana. He sits here
very tijed looking.
Ghane ghane ig.hpuhko durupkoRa. Every now
and again they sit lazily down.
Jahre. Alas !
Jahre! oetid oebakeda? Alasl what have I
done?
Jahurae. Big-bellied, protuberant sto-
mach.
La'5 maran ut?irgetaea, ]>hurae.
Jaigir. A rent free tenure, given in
return for services, &c
Jaigire jomeda. He enjoys rent free land.
Jaigir. To be on the alert, to watch,
to keep awake.
Hukumotoadeae jaigir l?git;. Ho loft orders
with him to be on the alert.
Khub jaigir hot kanae. He is a very light sleeper.
Jaituk. A gift to a bride by her father.
Jora jaituk. A pair of heifers given to a bride
■ by her father. , .-, -
Jaiituk tob. A pestle brought by a bride from
her father's house.
Jaitun dare. The Olive tree.
Jaj. To prove, to substantiate ; cor. of
"judge."
Noa dom jaj dareaKa? Can you prove this ?
Jaj doho. To give information.
Jal<. To brush sHghtly against.
ParomcalaKkantahekanrejaK torakedea. He
brushed slightly against him as he was pass-
ing.
Jak. To pass stringent orders, to charge
strictly.
Jiwi jakte. With might and main.
Khub jakte kamipe. Work hard.
Kat pat a^iko jakakat'a, bako maR oooaka.
They have placed a strict embargo on the tim-
ber, they will not allow it to be cut.
JJ- 1 Heavy, difficult.
Noa bakas iA tulre 9.di jaka. To my lifting this
box is very heavy.
Jakham. To wound, a wound.
Adiye jakharakedoa. He wounded him severely.
jaii„'are jakhamenae. Ho is woai.ded in the
foot.
Jakan jukun. Weak and leaning on a
staff, as a very old person, enfeebled.
EuSte jakan jukunakanae. He is greatly
weakened by fever.
Bail doe baiicaoK, bah doc lahalf, jakan jukun
oabaenao. Tt is impossible to say whether
he will recover or die, he is as weak as he
can possibly be.
Jakao. To forbid, to lay an embargo on.
^uriko jakao habici halahpe. Collect it until
they forbid you to do so.
Jake jemon. According, in accordance
■with.
Jake jemon hor onka emakom, gidr* do gidra
leka, ar serai do sera leka.
Jakir. 1 rj,^ ^jgg diligence, to be indus-
trious, to be assiduous, to
persevere.
Jakira.
Jakir.
Jakira.
Khub jakirte kamipe. Work assiduously.
Khub jakiredae. He is very industrious.
Jak jotet. To touch, to be familiar
with.
E(aU jat realf jaK jofef alom joma. Do not eat
what a person of another caste has touched.
Jaknuc. Lean, shrivelled, as an old
woman.
Jal. A net.
Jale lagaoaAkana. He accuses mo falsely.
Jal mokordoma kana. It is a false case.
Jal. To lick with the tongue.
Jal jel barawatleako. They entertained us.
Jala. A wide expanse of water, a sea.
Ganga dubalenkhan jala leka IleloKa. When",
the Ganges overflows it looks like a wide sea.
Jala puri.'
Jalakhar
Jalaki.
Jalaphi.
Jala. Distress, difficulty,
adversity, trial.
Dhurko goJonte maha jalare menaila. I am in
groat distress owing to the death of my
plough cattle.
Adi jalaarikana. It causes me much distress.
Jala. Solicitude, force, press, anxiety.
Gidrako reah hor hopon do 9di jala menaK takoa.
Santals have great anxiety for the welfare
of their children.
JalageA aikaueCa. I am solicitous.
Mayajalate.' By the force of pity.
Gidi'9' jala do aiji marah jala kana.
A wide expanse of water, a
sea.
afflictioil,
Jalai
[ 252 ]
Jalpha
Jalai. An iron nail.
Jalai. A thin film, a thin covering.
Jalaite ese-6ena. It is covered by a thin film.
Jalai. To darn, to baste, to sew slight-
ly and with long stitches.
' Kiorice j alai baraeda. He is darning Ms cloth .
Dg.rji do kicrice i^lg-i hataraka1:a. The tailor
has basted the cloth.
Jalakhar. | A large expanse of water, a
Jalakhi. j sea.
Band pereolenkhan jalakhar leka iSeloKa. When
the tank ia full it looks like a sea.
Jalao. To cremate, to burn, to set fire
to, to scorch.
, Jalaokedeako. They cremated him.
Hormo jalaoKkantiAa. My body is bnming.
Jalaphi. A large expanse of water, a
sea.
Jalapuri. The sea.
Jalat. To stick, to adhere, to press
against.
Krusreko khiljalatledea. They nailed him to
the cross.
Lutur jalaCakantaea. Hia ears are thrown
back.
Noa kantha roK jaladme. Sew on this patch,
Jalai; japat. To hang about a house
in hope of receiving something, as
hungry children.
Jalat julut. To twinkle, sparkle, scin-
tilate, flash, glimmer, to blink with
the eyes.
Ninda jalaf jnlufeo joloRa bakjunu. At night
fire flies emit intermittent flashes of light.
Bes hor ho oka do jalat' juludoltako. At times
' even healthy people do not see distinctly.
Jala^ jnlutSiil rieiiela. I do not see distinctly.
Jale. A custom observed on the last
day of the Sohrae (q. v.) festival,
when the young men and maidens make the
round of the village and sing, dance and
beat the drums at each house, and in return
receive presents of ride, which is cooked
and divided amongst the villagers.
Jale sereii. Songs snng when observing the
custom of jale. (q. v.)
Jale ru. The time beaten on the drums when
observing the custom of jale (p. v.)
EnhiloK khun^iko toda, arko jalea.
Jale thale. At a loss, hard-pressed,
without resource.
Eehgecteko jale thale baraekana. They are
hard pressed with hunger.
Jom jomtele jale thaleena. We have eaten till
we can eat no more.
Botga burn manaotabon jale thaleena. We are
drifting hopelessly through serving the boii-
Jali. An early stage in the formation
of fruit, a young bamboo shoot.
J^li sapakana. The fruit has begun to form.
Ciiicio khon thora la^ulenkhan ja,liko metaKa.
Jali khali. Now and again, at times.
Jgi.li kh^ili hijulfae. He comes now and again.
Jali horo. A variety of the rice plant.
Jalim. Plucky, intrepid, mettlesome,
having nerve.'
Sendrare khnbe jalima. He is very plucky
when hunting.
Khub jalim setae benaoena. He has grown a
mettlesome dog.
Jalim. ISomething put in the cilim (q.
Jamin. J v.) to prevent the ashes reach-
ing the mouth when smoking.
Jg.lim lagaoaKme.
Jalim sar. Expert in hunting.
Khub jsilim s?.rgeae. He is an expert shikari.
Jaljalao. To be inflamed, to burn, to
fret.
Edrete jaljalaoKkanae. He is inflamed with
passion.
Hormo jaljalaoK lekail aik9.ueda, I feel as if
my body were burning.
Jaljalia.] Not closely woven, having in-
J alj elia. j tervals between the threads.
Jaljalia kicrioe teliakata. He has woven the
cloth so that it can be seen through.
Jalkhar.
Jalkhara.
EnoK dahra alom jalkharea. Do not muzzle the
ox that treadeth out the corn.
Setako jalkharkoa aloko gegera mente. They
muzzle dogs so that they may not bite.
Jalmal. Moveable property, goods and
chatties.
Jalmal sanamko idike^koa.
all hia property.
Jalo. A species of hawk,
Jalop. To cover over.
Jalte hakoko jalop eset'koa.
over fish and prevent them getting away.
Ma sararikote nia phakko jalop esetikam. Cover
these holes (in the rooi) with thatching
grass.
Jalpa. \Slender, slim, spare, attenuated,
Jalpat.J shrivelled, lean.
Oka do rehgedte jalpatko AeloKa. Sometimes
through hunger people look shrivelled.
Jalpai The Olive tree.
Jalpak. Shrivelled, lean, slender, slim.
Jalpat. Cf jalpa.
Jalpha. Slender, lean, shrivelled. Cf
jalpa.
To muzzle.
They look away
They throw a net
Jalua
[ 253 ]
Janam
Jalua. An earthenware vessel into
which cows are milked.
Jam. A fixture.
Jam lelca horhoakanae. He watches as if he
were a fixture.
Jama, Amount of J'early rent, rent.
TinaK jamape emeda? What rent do you pay?
Jama. Applied to flowers or fruit that
do not become detached from
the tree when full-blown or ripe ;
to delay, to linger ; complicated.
Noko a^i jajnagetakoa, bako daVa hoda. These
people are dilatory, they do not cook at
once.
^(Ji jamagea, bah go^a hodoKkana. There is
much delay, it is not being decided quickly.
[a Head constable
Jamadar. 1
Jamedar. j
Jama juta. Substantial, well and
strongly made.
Noa sa^are jama jutaakaCa. He has made this
cart well and strong.
Jamani. To become surety, surety.
Jam^ni teiigonme. Become surety.
Iii ren jamaaienae. He has become my surety.
Jamao. To congeal, to coagulate, to
curdle, applied to milk.
Toa jamaoena. The milk is curdled.
Jamar. IContinuously, without inter-
Jamar.J mission.
4di i amarteko horhoaka^a. They have guarded
it without intermis-iion.
Mit! hor (bene jamaroK, ar etigioe nerigliaoe.
He will hold to the one and despise the
other.
Jambali jombolj. .Wriggling, as fish
that have been poisoned ; stagger-
ing.
Jam bati. A large brass drinking vessel.
Jambe. The jaw bone.
Jambe glata. Grinder teeth.
Kakra jambe. To become lean.
Kakra jambeenae. He has become lean.
Jambhua. Ignorant, foolish.
Jambhua mara hor. An ignorant scoundrel.
Jambir dare. The Citron, Citrus me-
dica, Linn.
Jambo. To cook, used mainly by
women.
Ac Ijgit'e jamboakaiia. She has cooked only
for herself.
Jambro.) A species of large rock snake,
Jamro. j a python.
Kod jamro. "l Varieties of the jambro dis-
Zmt^.^T-i tinguishedbySantals.
Jamedar. A Head constable.
Jami. "1 Rice land, land on which rice is
Jamin. ) grown.
Jami jaega. All kinds of land. ,
Bir maU tanijikate jgimiko oqlokakafa. They
have cleared the jungle and made rice fields.
Jamin. To become surety, to go bail ;
a surety.
Jamin emoK hoyoUtama. Tou must gire bail.
Ill jaminenteko aral^kadea. He was released
through my becoming surety.
Jamin. A gun wad, anything used as
a gun wad.
J^min lagaome. Put in a wad.
Jamindar. Surety, bail, a landholder.
J^mindare tehgoakana. He has become surety.
Jamka. Two joined together.
Jamka nahel. Two ploughs cut from one piece
of wood.
Jamka lum^im. Two cocoons joined together.
Jamka jumki. In company, in knots, in
a gang, in a party, in a group.
Jamka junucile calakkana. We are going in
company.
Jamkao. To assemble.
Eneiko jamkaoakada. They are assembled to
dance.
Khub jamkaoge menaKkoa. They are very
numerous.
Jamke. United or grown together,
as two fruits, fingers, &c.
Jamki. A plaited band.
Jgimki dora. A plaited loin string. Cf. dora.
Gai cawar reaU galahkatele j^mkia. We plait
the hairs of a cow's tail and make a band
to tie up the hair with.
Jamki banduk. A gun fired by means
of a fuse.
Jamro. A species of large rock snake,
a python. Cf jambro.
Jamro hesaU. A variety of the Pipal
tree, Ficus religiosa, Linn., with
elongated leaves.
Jamro matkom. A variety of the
Mahua tree, Basia latifolia, Roxb.,
with elongated flowers.
Jan. A witch finder.
Jan guru. A witch finder.
Jan thenle calaU Uana. We are going to consult
a witch finder.
Janam. To give birth to, to be born,
to originate, to spring, to make an
appearance, to appear,
Jalcnamifj. Author of being.
Janam data. Author of being, creator.
JiweU janam. Whole lifetime.
Ot khon janamoKa. It will spring from the soil.
Kaphgiriauko janamUeda. They began to quar-
rel.
Janatn chut
[ 254 ]
Janic
Janam chut. The ceremonial defile-
ment consequent on childbirth.
Janam dara. Natal, natural, as opposed
to acquired.
Janam data. A hunting term applied
to the Hapulj (q. v.)
Janam data. Giver of life.
Janao. To inform, to make a state-
ment, to tell.
Gorga ren borto ilia)? duldii jauaoat'koa. I
informed the people of Gorga about my
distress.
Janapit. To elose the eyes, to sleep.
Cf. japit.
Kehgeete met bail janapidoKa. I cannot sleep
tbi'ough bunger.
Janapitalc. Food given to a child to
induce him to go to sleep.
JanapitaK bae erelekhan cedaKe jaipidaP If he
does not get something to eat why should
he go to sleep ?
Jana suna. Well known by report, ac-
quaintance with, acquaintance.
Jana suna onde menaKkotilia. I have acquain-
tances there.
Jana suna katha. A well known fact from hear-
say.
Jande mande. "j Anyhow, at random,
Jande man tande. > anywhere, here and
Jande tande. J there.
Jande mandeko calaoena, kami b?inuK iate.
They have gone here and there as there is
no work.
Jande munde. At random.
Jande mandeko dalkedea. They struck him
at random.
Jane tane. ) Anywhere, here and
Jane man tane. j there, anyhow, at
random.
Jane man taneko calaoena. They have gone here
and there.
Jane taneko kamikana. They are employed
here and there.
Ujra din mihu merom jane man taneko calaKa.
' When there are no crops on the ground
cattle are allowed to go wherever they wis h .
Jan. A bone, the stone of a fruit, the
fruit of certain leguminous plants ;
to remove the covering of a ripe
pod, to shell, as peas, &c.
Jahena ul do. The stone has formed in the
mango.
Dal Jan. To remoTe the shells of pods by
beating.
Lebet; jah. To remove the shells of pods by
grinding under the feet.
Janajaiii. Known, to be acquainted
with, to inform, to make known.
Joto jana jani hoy kanabo. Yfe all know,
and are known to each other.
Jana janiat'koam? Did you inform them of itP
Jan baha. A piece or pieces of bone
of a cremated person rescued
from the ashes of the funeral
pyre.
The piece or pieces of bone thus rescued are
consigned with much ceremony to the
Damuda river.
Janga. The foot, the leg.
Jahga latar. To be submissive.
Ti jaiigare gidi. To prostrate oneself at an-
other's feet.
Auriye jangaKa. He cannot walk yet.
AmaK jah^-a latarre henalia. I am submissive
to you.
Ti jahgare gidikateye nehorena. He threw him-
self at his feet and implored.
Jangai. To inform.
Ma katha jang^iaeme. Tell him about it.
Uni dom jang?iiakawadea? Did you tell him?
Jange. A hoiizontal bar, as of a fence ;
to fence with horizontal bars, to
take care of
Horho jahge. To watch over, take care of.
Jaiige khunti. The uprights on which the hor-
izontal bar of a fence rests.
Jaiige esetakat'ako. They have fenced it with
horizontal bars.
Men gidarko gadarko horhokoam jahgekoam.
Watch over and take care of the little ones.
Janghi. Sciatica, pain along the un-
der side of the thigh.
Janj
Jaiigia
Jan olat. A small forest tree, Greivia
asicdica, Linn.
Jan siris. A large forest tree, Alhizzia
odoratissiina, Bentli.
•Jan tirra. A large jungle climber,
Puera7'ia tuherosa, D. G.
Jau handi. Liquor given to the village
headman and otlitT officials when
any intimation is given of their
service being needed, principally
when a marriage is about to be
celebi'ated.
Janhe. A cultivated millet, Pas]3cdum
scrobiculatum, Linn.
Janhe hirom. A small plant. Euphor-
bia, scrahrijolid, Kurz.
Janhe nanjom. A small plant, Poly-
carp(ea corymbosa, Lamlc.
Janic. Perhaps, may be.
tnghia. ) ^,
Aigia. 3
rousers.
Jani jati.
[ 255 ]
Japao.
Jani jati. Each for himself, severally,
individually, independently,
Jani j*ti khajnale emoUkana. Each of ua pays
his rent himself (to the zeniindav, not
through a lessee.)
J^mi jatiUo olke^koa. The name of each indi-
vidual was taken down.
JaAjal. 'J Anxiety, trouble, embarrass-
Joiijal. J ment, difficulty, strait.
Eenjeate aqli jaAjalle ^ikaueda. Wo are in
great anxiety through poYOrty.
Get jailjal lagaoat'meto noa dom nonkakedap
What straits were you in to make you do
this?
Jaljjalokkanae. He is in trouble.
Janjanao. To pierce, or drive to the
head, as a nail.
TuA janjanao. To pierce with an arrow.
Kutam janjanao. To drive to the head, as a
naO.
P^ti janjanao. To pierce deeply, as a thorn
in the foot.
Jan j an war. A living creature, an ani-
mal.
Janje. To stagger, faint from hunger.
Jankao. To be firmly embedded, as a
well driven nail.
j^di jankaoena, bahge todoKa. It is very firmly
fixed, it will not come out.
Jan pahcan. An acquaintance.
Jan pahcan onde menaKkotilia. I have acquaint-
ances there.
Janmal. Offspring.
Irt ren janmal kanae. He is my offspring.
Jante. A hand grinding mill.
Jante dhiri. A mill stone.
Janterebon rida. We will grind it in the hand
mill.
Janthar puja. Worship accompanied
with sacrifice, when the ripening
of the low land rice is acknowled-
ged, and the first fruits offered to
the deities. Another name for it
is Baihar horo nawai. Of. nawai.
Janu. The sacred thread worn by
certain Hindu castes.
Janum. A thorn, a thorny tree or bush.
karwaCj^num. The thorny tree karwaf (ci.v.)
Kuri€rama janum. The thorny bush known as
kurif ratna (q. v.)
Janum. The tree which yields the
Chinese date, or jujube, Zizyphuz
Jujuba, Lain.
There are two varieties of this, one of which is
cultivated and the other a wild bush.
Pe(Jhaori janum. The cultivated variety.
jom janum. The wild bush.
Janum aral<. A common pot-herb,
Amarantus spinosa, Willd.
Janum dhompa. A wild medicinal plant,
Leonalis nepetaefoliu. R. Br.
Janvvar. An animal.
Bir janwar. A wild animal.
Ato janwar. A domesticated animal.
Jao. Bai'ley, Hordeum vulgare, Linn.
Jao. Every.
j^Moif.}E'<='-y'J'^y'^i™y=-
Jao riinda. Every night.
Jaoge. Every day, always.
Jaoke jao. Daily, day after day.
Jao jaote. Every day, always, continually.
Jaoge jaoge. Repeatedly, always.
Jaora. To assemble, to collect, to ga-
ther.
Mota jaora. To gain flesh.
Hewa jaora. To gain experience, or skill.
Em jaora. To give or pay gradually.
Sen jaora. To assemble gradually, or in parties.
Jom jaora. To eat gradually.
H«-j jaora. To come in parties.
Idi jaora. To take away gradually.
Alele sen jaoratia. We will do part of the
journey (go by stages.)
Jaore jftore. Imploringly, earnestly,
urgently, again and again.
Jaore jaoreye lai ofokeda. He was most urgent
in telling it.
Jaore jaoreil metamkana, alomhirilla. I ear-
nestly charge you, do not forget.
Jaore jaoreye hecalekana. He comes to us on
urgent business.
Japa jopo. Leisurely, slow, as if benumb-
ed with cold ; weak.
JapaU. To lean against.
Berel japaK . 1 To take up one's residence, to
Heo japaR. ) squat.
Sen japaR. To go to another's house and hang
about.
JapaK jere£. To lounge here and there.
Japak. To shut to, as a door.
Silpiii japaKkam. Close the door, draw the
door to.
Japan jupun. Tottering, slowly and
painfully, as an old person.
Japaii jupun" haram cabaenae. He is so old as
to totter when he walks.
Japaii jupuhe tafameda, rua berefokante. He
walks very slowly, having just recovered
from fever.
Haram hor leka japan jupuhe tarameda. He
creeps along like an old man.
Japao. To die, to be past hope of re-
covery, to be dangerously ill.
Euateye japaoakana. He is so ill with fever
as to be past hope of recovery.
Japaoenae. He is dead.
Japar.
[ 256 1
Jari.
Japar. To stand on the hind legs with
the fore feet ao'ainst something.
Darere merome japarakana. The goat stands
on his hind legs with his fore feet against the
tree.
Jape tope. IS low, dilatory, putting off
Jape thope.j time.
Cet'lekate jape tope bae heoakana ? How is it
he is so dilatory in coming ?
Japil To sleep, to close the eyes.
Japit'kedae, ma jhaprebaeme. He has fallen
asleep, put a light covering over him.
AhgaK angalilA i^pi(;leda. I fell asleep towards
dawn.
Met bah jgipidoKkantaea. He does not close
an eye.
J^pi£ bah hijuEkana. Sleep does not come.
Japua. Lean, shrivelled, as an old
person.
Japul Applied to the rainy season's
rain, the rainy season.
Japuf din. The rainy season.
Jarge japuf . The rainy season.
Japut'e lagaokeda. The rainy season has set
in.
Japut. To pounce suddenly upon and
close way of egress, as a bird in a
nest, &c.
J9.putlc6dii1ako. They came suddenly upon me.
Jar. Original, veritable, veracious, true,
unvarnished.
Jar i?,r katha. An old and true story.
Jara. Cf bele.
Bele jara. Properly ripe, aa a fruit.
Jara. Applied to the flowers of the
Matkom (q. v.) tree which do not
become detached when full blown,
but dry on the tree, and then fall.
Jara matkom. Flowers of the Matkom (q. t.)
tree which have dried up before falling.
Noa dare reaK matkom jaraakana. The
flowers of this matkom tree have dried on
it.
Jaracjuruc. T Small and ill-looking,
Jharac jhuruc. J as starved children.
Jarae juruajgidra menal<kotaea. He has some
small ill-looking children.
Jarali marte. ") » t • j • j. i
, • ,, , > At once, immediately.
Jarak mente. J •'
JaraK marte lagaoadea . He gave heed at once.
Jaral jaral. Flashing, shimmering.
Jaral jaral setohkana. The sunshine is shim-
mering.
Jaral jarale beugefadi^a. He looked at me
with flashing eyes.
Kul jaral. jarale behgeda. The tiger's eyes
flash.
Jaral jurul. Staring, eyes to stand out.
Eehgeote jaral jurule behget'eda. His eyes are
staring through hunger.
Jarao. To become weak or helpless
through disease, or hunger ; bed
ridden.
arap r . i ^^ once, immediately.
Jarap mente. J •'
Jarap marte beref gofonae. He rose up im-
mediately.
Jarapi. 1 Applied to property inherited
Jarapia.J from a wife's relatives.
Jarapig. dhonem II amakawana ? Have you inheri-
ted property through your wife ?
Jardhe. Clumsy and heavy, as a plough.
Jardhe jardhe. Large clods of earth.
Jardhe jardhe si ut;kaukkana. Large clods of
earth are being turned up by the plough.
Jare jare. An exclamation of sorrow,
distress, alas, alas ! woe is me ; to
lament.
Jare jare ! ado ohoil ilamlea,
Jare jare ! unalc aud ball badaelalia.
Jare jare ! oka kond ili daralereho ohoA riamlea.
Song.
Alas, alas ! I shall never see him more.
Alas, alas ! I did not know this would happen,
Alas, alas ! Go whatsoever way I may I will
not find him.
Jaret} jarel To hobble when walking.
Jaret' jaret'e calaKkana. He hobbles along.
Jargadi. Job's tears, Coix luchryma,
Linn., a plant often met with
about villages.
Jarge. \ The rainy season. Cf.
Jarge japul!./ japut'.
Jarge palat. A change of garments
for the rainy season.
Jarge terel. A variety of the terel tree
{Diospyros tomentosa, Roxb.) the
fruit of which ripens during the
rains.
Jargo. Tojerk towards oneself
Jargo bindarkedeae. He jerked him towards
himself and made him fall.
Jargo. \Full grown, applied gener-
Hara jargo./ ally to unmarried per-
sons.
Jarhi. Marsh, swamp.
Jarhi khef;. A rice field that has always water
in it.
Jari. To rain.
Jariatleae. It rained where we were.
PaiSjage goe jjrl metaoket'. The rain obliter-
ated the footprints.
Jari
[ 257 ]
Jarum
Jari. To promulgate an order, to serve
a summons, &c., to put or come
into force, as a law.
Samanko jgiriadifia. They served a summona
upon me.
Saman jariye calaKkana. He is on his way to
serve a summons.
Ona hukum ale sed »uri j^riKa. That order
has not been put in force where we reside.
Jari. To be importunate, to clamour,
to importune, to beg hard.
Kicric l^giie i?.rikana. She bega hard for a
cloth.
Gidr?. jahanalf l^gifiko j aria. Children are im-
portunate when they want anything.
Jari. Applied to certain fibre yield-
ing plants, fibre after extraction,
also the stems and branches of the
plant after the fibre has been ex-
tracted.
Son jayi. The plant, Croialarta jMncea, Linn.
and its fibre.
Kudrum jari. The plant, Hibiscus canna-
bimis, Ltinn, audits fibre.
AraS kudrum jari. The plant Hibiscus sab-
dariffa, Linn., and its fibre.
Jariau. To become chronic, or deep-
seated, as a disease.
Jari^uentaea. It has become chronic with
him.
J^ri^uentaea, bako ran hojadea. It has become
serious, they did not give him medicine in
time.
Kua do jariauentaea. His fever has become
dangerous.
Jari poda. To be burnt, as food in
cooking, &c.
Loenkhanko mena jari pot^aenako.
Jari po^akedako utu do. They have burnt the
relish in cooking it.
Jaribana. "j
Juribana. J-To impose a fine, a fine.
Juribona. J
Jaribanake6koae. He fined them.
Juribana takale emkeda. We paid the fine.
ari . I rj,^ measure land, to survey.
Jarip.J •'
Atoko i9.ripkeda. They measured the village.
Jaro. Worn out, weakened, reduced.
Euate jaroenae. He is weakened by fever.
Jari buti.lMedicinal herbs and roots,
Jari buti.J simples.
Jahan jari buti lagaoaepe. Give him some
kind of medicine or other.
Jari janti. Earnestly, urgently, assid-
uously.
Jari jantiko horhokana. They are watching
assiduously.
Jari jarao. To be burned up, to burn.
J?.ri jaraoenako. They are burnt out of house
and home.
Sanam bir j^ri jaraoena. The whole forest hag
been burnt up.
Jarjar. 11
Jarjarao. J
j^To shiver during an attack
of fever.
Jarjaraoedirikana. I am shivering from an
attack of fever.
Jarkao. To be water-logged, to be
saturated, as the soil.
Oralf jarkaoontalea. The floor of our house
has become waterlogged.
Jarkhar. To meet with disaster, ca-
lamity, adverse fortune, poverty,
affliction, ruin ; to go to rack
and ruin, to decay, go down in the
world, to be desolated.
Noko hor sanamko jarkharena. These people
have all died.
Ona ato sanamko jarkharena. The people of
that village have all died.
Jarmak jormok. Forlorn, like a vaga-
bond, driven from one place to
another, here and there.
Adom horko kami l9.gi£ jarmaK jormolf ko dara
baraea. Some people go wandering from
one place to another in search of work.
Jarmak tormak. \ Forlorn, like a vaga-
Jarmati tormat. J bond, aimlessly.
Am do onte note jarmaU tormaKem dara baraea.
Tou will wander about like a vagabond.
Jar mar. Roots, tubers, &c., dug up in
the jungles for food.
Cefpejomeda? Jomedale jar mar. What do
you live on? We live on roots, tubers, &c.,
that we find in the forest.
Jarnaha. Expert in hunting, killing
much game ; persistent.
Jarnaha seta. A good hunting dog.
Sendrare ?idi jarnaha here tahekana. He was
an expert hunter.
Jarndi. A weevil which attacks rice,
and other grains.
Jarpa. To hunt, applied to the occasion-
al hunting parties organized by
the villagers themselves, and not
to the great annual district hunts.
Noa bir teheJibo jarpaea. We will hunt in this
jungle to-day.
Jaru. Cf bele jaru.
Bele jgiru. Properly ripe, as a fruit.
^^ ' [Fully ripe, as a fruit.
Bele jarum.
33
Jarum dak
[ 258 ]
Jatra
■ Tears.
Jarum dak.
Mel; dak.
Jarur. To require, need, want, have
occasion for, not to be able to do
without ; indispensible, urgent ;
certainly, without fail.
Kan iaruraelcana. He needs medicine.
Saheb nui jarur menaKtaea. The master needs
him.
Jarur i& calaSa. I shall certainly go.
Jarwa. To assemble, to collect. C£
jaora.
Hoho jarwake£koae. He called them together.
Jasti. More, excessive, too much.
Unal? emlekhan ja.stiKa. If you give so much it
will be too much.
Jasti lioK emaeme. Give him a little more.
Jastil)ojham ladeaekaua. You are putting too
great a load on him.
Jiisu. A spy, a detective, an informer,
an accomplice.
Guti ho iahatis jahatisko jaguTfa. Servants
sometimes become accomplices (of thieves.)
Jat. Caste, gender, temperament, race,
kind.
Manwa jat. The human race.
Aj^t. To put out of caste.
Jat agu. To break another's caste.
J^t calaK. To lose caste.
Jom jati. To receive into caste again.
Jom jat. To re-admit to caste.
Jom jatoli. To be re-admitted into caste.
Herel j^t. Males.
K?imite jat oho calaKtama. Ton will not lose
caste by working.
J9.treg6 onkangeako. Their temperament is
such.
Seta jat hor kanako, bebarioko kaph?riauKa.
They are like dogs they quarrel fearfully.
Jat. Property made over to a creditor
till such time as the revenue shall
have paid off the debt.
Jat. Heavy. Cf. jsk.
Jata. A portion of hair allowed to
grow and become matted, as is
the habit of some ascetics, and
persons who have made a vow
not to cut their hair for a certain
time.
Jata ^anra. A bull with an abnormal growth
between the shoulders.
Jata horo. A variety of the rice plant.
Jatak. At once, immediately.
Jatak. To stick to, or adhere, as clay
to the feet.
JatagoKkana. It adheres (to the feet.)
Jatak jatak. \Sticky, as bird lime ;
Jatak jatagok. / to stick to, to adhere.
JataK jataKiii aik^iueda umleneneo besiii atka-
ra. My skin feels sticky, when I have
bathed I will feel comfortable.
Jatal kotal. Seeking something to eat.
Jatal koiale dara. baraekana. He is going about
seeking something to eat.
Jatad. Adhesive, as clay.
Jatah hasa. Clay.
Ona hasa do adi jatangea. That soil is very
sticky, (or clayey .J
Jate. In whatever way.
Jate besoKa, onkaepe. Do whatever will be
best.
Jate jute. With care, carefully, to put
to rights, to repair.
Jate jutete sagar lagaeme. Drive the cart with
care.
Jate jute samjhauepe. Explain it to him care-
fully.
Jate jute calakpe. Go carefully.
Jate juteedako. They are putting things to
rights.
Jatgar. \A good species, or kind, as
Jatgaria. J a cow that gives much
milk.
Ees jatgaria kanae. She is of a very good kind.
Jati. Temperament, nature, natural
propensity, or quality.
Jatire onkangeae. His natural propensities are
such, or he is so by nature.
Jiwij9.ti. General health, of mind and body.
Jiwi jati hormo harta bes barageale. Our gen-
eral health is good.
Jati. A bamboo mat.
Jatia. Of or belonging to the caste.
Jatia pera. A caste-fellow.
Mii; jatia kanako. They are of the same caste.
Jat jut. 1 To put to rights, to recover
Jut jat. J oneself after a season of
distress, to make an amicable
settlement.
Bapla realtko jat jutkeda. All preliminaries
of the marriage are arranged.
Jat jutkedako. They settled the matter ami-
cably.
Jatia. M. ■) A person who has allowed
Jatli. F. J a part of his or her hair
to grow long and matted.
Jatna. As many, as much as.
JatnamenaKpea, joto hijulfpe. Come all of you.
Jatna taka menaKa, sanam den emoKpe. Give
up all the money there is.
Jatra. To die, to depart this life, to go
on the long journey.
Teheii doe jatraena. He died to-day.
Jatra
[ 25-9 ]
Jehe jobe
Jatra. A good omen, a sign or oinen.
Jatra ban hoelena. The omen was against me.
Ohori Aamlea, jatra ban hoelena. I will not
get it the omen was unfayourable. ^
Jatra. A festival observed in January.
Jatra manda. \ Shrine at the place
Jatra mandak. J" where the jatra fes-
tival (q. V.) is observed.
Jatur enec. A dance so called.
It is danced during the Sohrae (q. v.) and Baha
(q. V.) festivals.
Jatur sereiS. Songs and air sung when
dancing the jatur (q. v.) dance.
Jatur ru. The time beaten on the
drums when the jatur (q. v.) dance
is being executed.
Jau. To soften, to become soft.
Daka isin jauena. The rice is cooked too soft.
K^mi hamitele j^uena. We have become Ump
with continued work.
Dal jaukedeako. They beat him to a jelly.
Buhet' jaukedeae. He put him down by scol-
ding him.
Jauan. A kind of spice.
Jauhar. "j To assemble in large num-
Jauhar. j- bers.
Jauhari.j
Nunali horid jauharakawana, iri do ohoii ali-
jomletapea. I have engaged so many
people, I cannot listen to you, (cannot leave
them.)
Jauri. More than what is right and
proper.
Er jaurikedape. You have sown too thickly.
Etah AoK erpe, alope jgiuria. Sow a little more
thinly, do not make it thick.
Agli j9.urikedape. You have put in too much
(salt.)
Jausa iausi. ")/-,• i i
Ti,- -i, ■ /-Quickly.
Jhausajhausi. J ^ •'
Jaus^ jausi hodeme. Get him to do it quickly.
Jawa. To steep till germination or fer-
mentation sets in.
Jawakateko cuaia. They steep it till ferment-
ation sets in, then they distil it.
Matkom bes okoete bape tase rohorlaUa, jawa-
ena. You did not carefully dry the matkom
it is fermenting.
Jawa. Twins.
Jawa gidrakin hoeakantaea. She 'baa given
birth to twins.
Jawae. Husband, bridegroom, to be
married to a husband.
Jawae gomkefi. Son-in-law.
Ghar jawae. 7 A husband who lives in the
Ghardi jawae. ) house of his wife's father,
and serves for her, instead of paying the
usual price and taking her to his own home.
Jawaekedeako. They gave her in marriage.
Auriyu jawaeoKa. She is not yet married.
Ghardi jawaoenae. He is married and has gone
to his father-in-law's.
Eahu jawae. A game played by!Santal girls,
which takes the place of the doll of English
children.
Jawae ladu. A variety of the rice plant.
Je. "> Whatever, what ; that, in intro-
Jege. J ducing oblique narration.
Jege menaKa. Whatever there may be.
Je jafijalred paf aoena, ili geA baijlaeeda. I
know my own sorrows.
Jeb. A pocket.
Jeb ghayi. A watch.
Jeb doho. To shew pity.
Jeb dohokate rorme. Shew pity in what you
say.
Jebe jebe. ]
Jebec jebeo. i- Moist, muddy.
Jobo jobo. j
Jebe jobe. Drenched, dripping.
T J. ■ I Miserable lookinef, like
J ewer lewer. > , i. i.- i °
Jewer jewer. J _ ^°"§^^' '^'"^y-
Jewer jewere dara baraekana. He goes about
in miserable plight.
Jewer jewerko andalEakada. They have cooked
it till it is doughy.
Jebkhod. A common grass, Eragros-
tis tenella, Nees.
Jebre. ") rr -j.-
Jebrejebre.j^'''^^^'*^^"*^^^-
Jebre jebre ol iieloEkana. The writing is heavy.
Jec jewer. \ .
Jejewer. J
Jede bede. Roughly smeared, as a
floor.
Jeder. Sunshine, applied only to that
of the early morning hours, and
during the cold season; to sun
oneself.
Jegler keted. Time at which the sun's rays
begin to get hot.
Jetjerre durupme. Sit in the sunshine.
Jeder kefeo habiciri je(Jerena. I bathed in tho
sunshine until the sun was well risen (till
9 a. m. or so.)
Jege. Whatever.
Jegec jagum. Wet, damp, moist, as soil.
Jeged j^gum ^fkaroSkana. It feels damp.
Jegec jege6. Wet, damp, moist.
Jehe jobe. Very wet, or damp, drench-
ed, dripping.
Jehe jobe lohot'enae. He is drenched.
Jehe jobe lohoCentalea oraU do. The floor of
our house is very damp.
small bird.
Je jemon
[ 260 ]
Jenget; jenget;
Je j emon. As, in conformity with.
Je jemon hor onkage emakom, gidra do gidrg.
leka, ar Borako do sera leka. In conformity
with the individual, so give them, to a child
as is fitting for a child, and to an adult as
fitting for an adult.
,'',•„■ }■ A small forest bird.
J ec J ewer. J
Jekichu. Whatever
Jekichu tahekantaea, sanam lo cabaena. All
he had ia burnt up.
Jekre. As if rooted or anchored, said
only when finding fault ; adhesive,
sticky.
On^em sen jekreakana? Tou went and anchor-
ed there ?
Je leka. As.
Jelekam huknmkeda, se lekakedali. I did as you
ordered.
Jel. A deer.
Jhahkar. The buck of the spotted deer. Axis
maculatus.
Posta. The hind of the spotted deer. Axis macu-
latus.
Saram. The Sambur deer, Russi Aristotelis.
Murum. The buck of the Nilgai, Portaxpictus.
Sosam. The hind of the Nilgai, Portax pictiis.
Murghoa. The Eib-faoed, or Barking deer,
Cervuhis aureus.
Kurmbi selep. 7 The biiok of the Ravine deer of
Badar selep. ) sportsmen in Bengal, Oazella
Bennettii.
J*™°™ j®^- 7 The hind of the Eavine deer, Gaz-
Xu r® „ f ^{ja Bennettii.
Grhopra ,, J
Jel. Flesh, flesh meat.
gif- jel. j Beef.
Bbidi jel. Mutton.
Merom jel. Goat's fleah.
Sukri jel. Pork.
Jel jel. Venison.
Lat; jel. Flesh wrapped in leaves and cooked in
ashes.
Eapak jel. Roast meat.
Teke jel. Boiled meat.
Rohor jel. Biltong, fleah cut into stripa and
dried in the sun.
Sure jel, | jj- ^. ^^^^ ^.j^.^ oooted together.
Jel sure. ) °
Kohra jel. Flesh meat cooked along with spices
in oil.
Berel jel. Raw meat.
Jel daka. Boiled rice and meat.
' Jel utu. A relish of meat.
JeloKkanae. He is recovering flesh.
Sukri khubko jela. Pigs yield much flesh.
Marahgeye tahekana, menkhan bae jellaKa. It
was large, but did not yield much meat.
Ale hole jelletlgea. We also killed meat.
Jel jou kanako. They are having fleah meat.
Jel kombrokate horoKaepe. Work the flesh on
her hand to put it on (a bracelet.)
Jeleii. Long, tall.
JelelioKa. It well become long, or lengthen.
Onae jeleJikeda. He lengthened it.
Jeleil oandbol. Cattle.
Jeteleii. The long way, the length as opposed
to the breadth.
Jelep jelep. Showing off, flashing, as
lightning.
Jelep^ jelepe dara baraekana. He goes about
shewing himself off.
Jeljelia. Not closely woven, intervals
between the threads, as in coarse
cloth.
Jel^et I ^^''^^' insignificant.
Jelpeo maragidra. A little imp of a child.
Jembeti. To drink by putting mouth
to water, to drink from a vessel
without putting the rim in the
mouth, to suck, to drink.
T^rup mayamko jembeda. Leopards drink the
blood (of their victims.)
Dak aiijlekate jembedme. Lift the water in the
palms of your hands and drink.
Jembef!. To fit neatly or exactly, as a
join in a panel.
Kat khub jembefiena. The wood is neatly
joined
B?ihki jembefiakana. The anklets fit nicely.
T ' /■ In order that, as, so that.
Jemon. J
HusiaroKpe jemon aloe dar. Be careful so that
he may not run away.
Jemnec. So that, in order that. Cf
jemon.
Jemon .... temon. As ... . so, according
to.
Jemonko kg,mia, temon gem emakoa. Tou will
give them according as they work.
Jemon temon. Carelessly,, indifferently.
Jemon temonko kamikeda. They did their work
indifferently.
Jemthe. \ Joined together,
Jemthe j em thee. J stuck together ;
sticky, adhesive.
NoKoekin jemtheakana.
Jem^heena . They are sticking together.
Jenec. Small, diminutive.
Jenephene. ^ Applied to the crying
Genephene. j- or whining of a cross
Ghenephene. J child.
Jenepbeneye raga. She ia whining.
Jenereli. The upper levers to which
.the heddles of a loom are attached.
Jengel; jehgel Bright red, pleasing to
the senses.
Jenget' jenget lieloKa. It is a bright red.
Kig. baha m9.i jehgefi jeriget.
Jenjlo
[ 261 ]
Jeth
JeAjle. To beg hard, to importune,
applied mainly to covetous begg-
ing.
TinjK bam jeiSjlG baraea. You are a terrible
beggar.
Horko then jelijle bafaeae. He is given to beg-
ging from other people.
Jenkete. Virginity.
Jeno. So that, in order that.
Nonka jeno alo hoyoK . So that it may not thus
happen.
Jentlie. Sticky, adhesive.
Jenthe hasa. Sticky soil, soil that adheres to
the feet.
Jeperet. To stick together, to grow
together as two fruits, two fingers,
two cocoons, Siamese twins, &c.
Jeperef mitaUana. They have grown together.
Jepet. Neatly fitted or joined, as a
piece of woodwork, &c.
Khub jepefiakana. It is well fitted.
Jepe thope. Following at a distance,
unable to keep pace with others.
Jer. Gum, exudation from certain
trees.
Babla jer. Gum arable.
Jer soso jomko senakana. They have gone to
eat gum along with the soso (q. v.) fruit.
Noa darere jeratana. Gum is exuding from
this tree.
Jera. To cross question.
S9.khiko jerakoa. They cross question the wit-
nesses.
Jera auri hoyoRa. The cross examination has
not yet taken place.
Jera janhe. A grass, Panicum flavi-
diuvi, Retz., the grain of which is
sometimes eaten.
Jerbar. Worn out, reduced, wearied,
distracted.
Eu?. ru?.teye jerbarena. He is worn out with
continued fever.
Jerdhe Clumsy and heavy.
Jere bedhe. Stunted, dwarfed.
Jere bedhe bae hara haraK kana.
Jere j ere. To be redu ced, as by illness ;
to be stunted, as a plant growing
under unfavourable conditions, un-
propitious.
Euate jerejereenae. He is reduced by fever.
DaRte jere jerekedae. The moisture stunted
(the Indian corn.)
Dais jere jere tabengea. The water remains
unfavourable to plant growth.
Jere mete. With difficulty.
Jere metetele hamikeda nes. We experienced
difficulty with our cultivation this year.
JereA ayan. A species of snake. Cf
ayafi.
JereA aralc.\ A wild plant used as a
Jeret; arak.J pot-herb, Chlorophitwn
arundinaceum, Baker.
Jerer. To plaster and smooth, to plas-
ter, to daub.
Otko jerera. They smooth the floor of the
house with mud.
In^kate ado gota re<! sindurte gota molotireye
jerejwadege. After that he daubs all the
sindur in the leaf on her forehead.
Jereli. To burn, set fire to, to kindle,
to be eaten away as the toes and
fingers of a person suffering from
leprosy.
Jeret'aK me. Set fire to it.
Jeret sunum. Burning oil.
Diuhe jeredme. Light the lamp.
Jereli. To be united, to grow together,
to stick together.
Jerei mitakana. The two have grown together.
MeU jere(!entaea. His eyelids are sticking to-
gether.
Jerjer. Sticky, as bird lime.
Jerka. To stick together, to be united.
Jerka mi£ena. Thoy are sticking together.
Jerka. Stunted, short, ill -grown.
Jerka mara hoy. A stunted scoundrel.
Sedae ren hor usullco tahekana, menkhan netar-
ko jerkagea. The ancients were tall men
but those of the present day are stunted.
Jerked. To copulate.
Jerdgaha. Unproductive, applied to
saline soils.
Jero. Worn out, weakened.
Jero oabaenae. He is as weak as he can well
be.
Jerpgret As if rooted or anchored.
Durup jerpereCakanae. He sits as if rooted
to the ground.
Jerpel As if rooted to the ground.
Jerpe^e durupakana. He sits as if rooted to
the ground.
a
As.
Jesan.
Jaesan.
Jesanko kamia tesanko liama. As they work
so will they receive.
Jeteleii. The long way, the long sides
of a parallelogram.
Jeteleii pareare. The bar running the long
way of a bed in opposition to that running
the cross way.
Kiorid reaK j eteleli . The long way of the cloth
Jeth. A month so called, May — June
Jethe
[ 262 ]
Jhaka jhaki
Jethe. Expectant, hoping to receive
something.
Durup jetheakanae. He sits quietly expecting
to receiTe something.
Jether pether. For a long time, a long
stretch of time. Cf. jothor pothor.
Jetho. To tell, to reveal as much as
is convenient.
Kathaejetlioeda. He is telling his story.
Jetke. Adhesive, sticky, as wet clay.
Jetlolf. M.") Miserable looking, depress-
Jitluk. F.J ed, sad.
Durup jetlolf akanae. He looks miserable as he
sits there.
Jahae oralf alope jetloK baraea. Do not hang
about any one's house shewing a miserable
look, (to excite charity.)
Jewen. Sticky, adhesive, as paste, &c.
Jewer. "|
Jewerjewer. [-Sticky, adhesive.
Jewer jewer. J
Jewer hasa. Sticky soil that sticks to the feet.
Jhaba. A hanging shelf, baskets for
carrying earth slung at each end
of a bamboo and carried on the
shoulder.
Jhabar jhubar.") Drenched, dripping,
Jhabar jhubur. /as the clothes of one
who has just waded through a
river.
Jhabrahi. Well knit frame, strong and
proportionate. Cf jabrahi.
Jhabrali. Wide spreading and um-
brageous, as a tree; well knit frame,
symmetrical.
Jhabrao. To spread over, to hang, to
curtain, to put on trappings, to
put on ornaments and clothes, to
be loaded with fruit, as a tree. Cf
jabrao.
Jhabu. A broad armlet.
Jhadec j hadec. Ill-fitting, as garments;
to wear a garment slovenly and
carelessly.
Jhadga. Slovenly attired.
Jhadge. Slovenly attired.
Jhadge mara hor. A slovenly attired fellow.
Jhadgoc. Old, fallen into disrepair,
worn out.
OfaK jhadgocentaea. Hia house has fallen in-
to disrepair.
Jhadoc jhadoc. Ill-fitting and baggy,
as a Cabullee's garments ; worn in
a slovenly fashion.
Jhador pador. Dilapidated, as the roof
of a house when the thatch has
become old and worn; rough,
roughly executed, as work ; scrag-
fy, untrimmed.
jhador padorentalea. Our house has be-
come dilapidated.
Jhador padorko benaokeda. They have dona
the work very roughly.
Jhae. To faint.
Mayam i5ellekhau jhae godoKae, If he sees blood
he faints right away.
Jhargae jhurgui. In a band, in a crowd.
Jhagar sagar. ") Bad- luck, a jingle with
Sagar jhagar. J the word sagar, sagar
meaning good fortune, and jhagar
bad-luck.
Sagar jhagar reaK fhik banuKan, okare pase
r^pufen.
Jhagar jhagar. Applied to the sound
produced when a drum is beaten
to a certain time.
Jhagra. A quarrel, to quarrel.
Jhagra horo. A variety of the rice
plant.
Jhagri horo. A variety of the rice plant.
Jhagraitha. Quarrelsome, said of
females.
Tu I,-" hQuarrelsome, ill tempered.
J hagrania. J ^ ^
^^i jhagr^ihi hor kanae. He is a very quar-
relsome person.
Jhagwar. A game played by children.
Jhajharic. A charm doctor, one who
cures snake bite, &c. by charms
and incantations.
Jhak. Trip, load, expedition. Scottice,
rake.
Mif bar jhak daK agu otokam. Go one or two
trips to bring water.
Jhaka. ~1 Full-grown, applied generally'
Jhakar. J to unmarried women who,
in the opinion of Santals, are past
the flower of their age.
Hara jhakaenae.
Jhaka jhaki. Jostling and pushing,
bitter altercation.
Jhaka jhakikin kaphariauKkana. They are
quarrelling violently.
Jhaka jhalcikin oporkana. They are pushing
and pulling each other.
Jhakand
[ 263 ]
Jhalmal
Jhakand. Past its best, as a tree shew-
ing signs of decay.
Jhakao. To attract, to draw, to sub-
side, as water.
Ared jhakaokedako. They haTe baled it dry.
Mahajonko jhakaokeda sanam horo, oaole. The
Mahajons have attracted all the dhan and
rice (bought it all up.)
Ga^a dali (Jhere jhakaokeda. The water in
the river has subsided considerably.
Jhakat. To be exhausted, as a store.
Jhal^ jhadur, Bathed in perspiration.
Jhakjhali. Pouring sweat, sweat run-
ning down one, bathed in perspira-
tion.
JhaK jhalf balbalaoEkanae. Sweat is pouring
from him.
Jhak jhak. Quickly, driven at work.
TinjR jhak jhakili kamia? How long will I con-
sent to be driven thus ?
Jhak jhak. Bright, gleaming, shining.
Sili cando reaK jhak jhakte£. The brightness
of the sun.
Jhak jhake lleloKa. It is bright (star).
Jhakmar. ~| Perforce, obligatory, com-
Jhakmaria. J pulsory.
Jhakmg.ri^ k^mitege hoyoKtama. To continue
to work is obligatory on you.
Jhakmari^ idi hoyolitama. You are obliged to
take it.
Jhak marte. "I At once, like a flash, with
Jhak mente.J a flash.
Jhak mente Ael go1:ena.
Jhak menteye hec go^ena. He came at once.
Jhako jhoko. With great difficulty,
worry.
Jhakrao. To attract, to draw, to allure.
Melate sanam horko jhakrao calalf kana. All
the people are being attracted to the fair.
Jhal. Warm, hot, as Cayenne pepper,
acid.
Jhalge bhijaiuadea. He felt it very hot.
Noa do adi jhal katha kana. This is a very
pungent saying.
Jhal. Long, tall.
Jhaltel The length.
Jhal jbg.! up. Very long hair.
Noa horte ?dibo jhaloRa. This road will take
us round about.
Noa do jhal liolcena. This a little too long.
Jh^laR aguime. Bring a long one.
Jhala. Hot, applied mainly to the heat
of the sun.
Jhala din. The hot weather.
Adi jhala kana. It is very hot.
Sengel jhala. Heat from a conflagration.
Jhalak. Glimpse, flash.
JhalakteiEili liel JSoSleftaea. I caught a glimpse
of him.
Nasenalf jhalakili liellaKa. I saw him as a
flash.
Jhala jhali. To put to rights, mend.
Jhala jhula. The grain obtained by
shaking out the wrappings of a
bandi (q. v.)
Jhalak malak. Decked out for shew,
attired to attract attention.
Jhalak malake dara bafaekana. He goes
about shewing himself off.
Jhala mala. Decked, shining with tin-
sel and colour.
Jhalao. To clean out, as a house or a
well ; to raise again a matter that
has been settled.
Noa kathape jhalao ru^rkeda. Ton have rais-
ed this question anew.
Noa kui doko jhalaokeda. They cleaned out
this well.
Jhal da. A long root tuber.
Jhali. A snare, trap, net ; to snare, trap,
net.
Jal jhali. Snares and nets.
Jh^li odao. To set a snare.
Dal jhali. To beat or drive game into a net.
Knl, banahoko jhalikoa. They also trap tigers
and bears.
AkoaK kathategeko jhg-liena. They are entrap-
ped by their own words.
Jhal jhal. To glisten, to glitter.
Ganga gitil jhal jhalge lieloKa. The sand of
the Ganges glistens.
Jhal jhalao. To complete, to make trim
or neat.
LaK jhal jhalaokedako. They have cut and
trimmed (the ridges of the rice fields.)
Kharaiko laK jhal jhalaokeda. They have
smothed and trimmed the threshing floor
(made it shine.)
Jhalka. A rather objectionable dance
performed by men when passing
the night in the jungle during one
of the annual hunts.
JhalH T:}W'^^*°°'l^^*f"^-
Jhalkao. To shine, to flash,be burnished.
Ona kapido adi jhalkaoRkana. That battle
axe is highly burnished.
Jhalki. Wanton. Cf jhalka.
Jhalmal. Resplendent, clean and bright.
Jhalmalko darakokana. They are coming clean
and bright.
Jhalmal ileloKkantakoa oraE do. Their house
looks clean and bright.
Jhalmal bari3.tko hijuKkana. The marriage
party look resplendent as they come.
Jhalmalao ■
[ 264 ]
Jhangrao
Jhalmalao. To be trim, clean ; neatly
executed.
Oral? khub jhalmalaoakantakoa. Their house
is clean and bright.
Jhalui jhalui. To shake, to dangle.
71 ■, ."-i 1 . iTo haner over, or down.
Jhalun jhalun.J ° '
Jhalur. T To hang 'over or down,
Jhalur jhalur. J baggy, as a Kabuli's
garments, to sag, as a cloth fixed
at the corners.
Jhalur jhalarko deiigaakana. Their clothes
hang far down.
Jhalur jhalurko akaakaCa. They have hung it
80 that it hangs a long way down.
Jham. \To rattle, as a child's rat-
Jham jham. J tie, or as certain hollow
ornaments with small pieces of
metal or stone inside.
Jham jham sadekana, lipur.
Jhama jhum.lAll together, in a crowd.
Jam j hum. J with a rush.
Jhama jhumko argo go6ena. They descended
with a rush.
Jhama jhumko hec gotena. They came in a
crowd.
Jhamar jhomor. Heavily, as rain.
Jhamar jhomore dalckeda. It rained heavily.
Jhamar jhumur. Applied to the sound
produced by certain hollow orna-
ments with small pieces of metal
or stones inside when shaken; a
tinkling sound. C£ jhumur jhu-
mur.
Jhamar jhumuretarameda. She goes tinkling
along.
Jhamat. Full-grown.
Hara jhamat. Full-grown, of women.
Hara rata. Full-grown, of men.
Jhamela. Numerous, in large nunbers.
4-<Ji jhamelako hedena. They came in very large
numbers.
Jham jham. Faint.
Jham jham iA aikaueda. I feel faint.
Setohte oka do jham jhamko aikaua. Sometimes
heat brings on faintness.
Jham jhum. All together, in a crowd,
with a rush.
Jhamka jhakur. In clusters.
Jhampa. To cover, as a fowl under a
basket, to cover, as a plant with
thorns to preserve it.
Potam jhampa. The part of a pigeon trap that
falls on the bird.
Jhampa eseCkom. Cover them up (under a bps-
ket.)
Jhampa jhalikef koae. He caught them by caus-
ing something to fall on the top of them.
Jhampa. A children's game.
Jhanak bai. A kind of convulsion.
Jhanar jhanar."!
Jhanar marte. lHattling, with a rattle.
Jhanar mente.j
Jhanar mente liurena. It fell rattling.
Jhanar marte sadekana. It rattles.
Jhanat. \To rattle, as money fal-
Jhanat jhanat.j ling on the floor.
N^ur gotena taka jhanat mente. The money fell
rattling (on the floor.)
Jhanauri. 1 A lapful of parched
Janauri. V grain brought to a
Gocha jhanauri. J recent bride from
her father's house.
Jhanda. ~| a fl
Jhandi. J °'
Jhandaadeako. They put up a flag at his house
(sign of being out-oaated.)
Jhandel jhandel. Wide, ill-fitting, ap-
plied to an anklet too wide for the
foot.
Jhane j hapane. ") Be-decked, covered
Jhanejhapar. j with jewelry; abun-
dant.
Jhane jhapane sajakanae. It is fully caparisoned.
Jhane jhapane joakana. It is covered with
fruit.
Jhanek jhapar. Loaded with jewelry.
Jhanga. Trousers down to the ankles.
Jhaoka jhakur. In clusters, or fes-
toons, as flowers or fruit. Cf jham-
ka jhakur.
Jhahka ih9.kur joakana. The fruit is in clus-
ters,
Jhahka jhgikurko aka pereeakat'a. The place
is filled with hanging clusters.
Jhangae potae. Everything, every one.
Jhanga jhuta. Broken, in holes, torn,
dilapidated.
Jhanga parwa. A pigeon with feathered
legs.
Jhanga sim. A barndoor fowl with
feathered legs.
Jhangrao. To grow luxuriantly, ap-
plied to certain trailing or climbing
leguminous plants, such as the pea,
when not trained, but allowed to
intertwine among themselves.
Hored khub jhangraoakana.
JhaA jhaualt
[ 265 ]
Jhapni bai
Jhan jhauali. Unserviceable.
Pul jhan jhaugiKena. The bridge is nnservioe-
able.
EapuC jhaii jhauaKona. It is so much broken as
to be unserviceable.
Jhaakar. The buck of the spotted
deer, Axis Trutculatus.
Posta jel. The hind of the Spotted deer, Axis
■maciilatus.
Jhankari sar. A species of tall grass
the culms of which are used to make
arrow shafts.
Jhanker. Cf jhanlcar.
Jha6j. Burning or scorching heat.
Jharij din. The hot weather.
Netar do acli jharija. There is great heat these
days.
Jhanjati. ]
Jhan jhapi. [-Emaciated.
JaA japi. J •
Bug. jbaA jhipienaa. He is emaciated through
fever.
J han j han. Tinkling, crisp, crackling.
Kortal jhan jhan sa^ekana. The cymbals tinkle.
Jhan jhan rohorena. It is dry and crisp.
Jhan jhanao. To tinkle, to crackle, as
a dry leaf.
Jhanjhanao baraekana. It is crackling.
Bohor jhan jhanaoena. It has dried crisp.
j^^^J^^HDistress, worry and anxiety.
4di jhaAjiiatreii paraoena, I have great worry
and anxiety.
Jhanjhat. To finish, complete ; entirely,
completely.
Noa ka;t do rohor jhaiijhatena. This log is com-
pletely dry.
Jom jhaiijhatkedinako. They ate me up stump
and rump,
Birko maK jhalijhatkeda. They have out all
the jungle.
Jhaiijhatena. It is finished.
Jha^jra. Sieve-like, not closely woven,
as a piece of cloth through which
light shines ; lattice work.
JhaJijragea. It is sieve-like.
^^^°J"-lAsieve.
Jhinjri. )
Jhaiijrite chakaome. Strain it through a sieve.
Jhankar mankar. A children's game.
Jhante jhare. Bush and brake, every
bush, taking all in one sweep, as
beaters a jungle.
Jhanti. A fence made of branches fixed
in the ground ; branches or sap-
lings for use as a fence.
J^num jhanfi. A fence of thorns.
Jhuri jhijnti. Firewood and fencing materials.
Noabirrelc jhuri jhgintioda. Wo procure our
firewood and branches for fencing from this
jungle.
Jhanti panti. To erect a fence of
branches, to fence.
Jh?.nti p»ntiedako. They are fencing.
Jhaojhao. Applied to the continued
barking of dogs.
Jhaora jhauri. To pester, to worry.
Jhaorao. To wither, to be scorched
and wither.
Setohte jhaorao gotena. It was scorched by
the sun ahd withered away.
Bah reheSlente jhaorao gofena. It withered
away because it had not rooted.
Jhap. A part of a loom, the heddles
which alternately raise or depress
the threads of the warp.
Jhap. A bribe.
Jhape jomkeda. He took a bribe.
Jhap. A challenge.
Jhap em. To give a challenge, to brave.
4ligat! nunaK horkotalare jhape emkeda. As-
tonishing, that he should throw out a chal-
lenge among so many people.
Noa katha reaK jhap alom ema. Do not oppose
this matter.
4Ltuli daUre jhape emkeda. He braved the rush-
ing flood.
Jhapat. ■) Bringing up the rear,
Jhapat j hapat. J unable to keep pace,
lagging behind.
Jhapat. \ rj,- i^j^^j Scothce, rake,
Jhapot. J '■
Mif jhapat. One trip. ^. , j.
Hit jhapat daK 9,gulem. Bring one trip of water.
Jhap jhap. Very sleepy, drowsy.
Jhap jhap meC japidoKkantaea. His eyes are
heavy with sleep.
Jhap jhup. All at once, all together.
Mifi dhaote jhap jhupko durupena. They sat
down all at once.
Jhap mente. 1 Quickly, immediately.
Jhat mente. /^ •"
Jhap mente hed gofenae. He came quickly.
Jhapni. Two small plants bear this
name, Tandi Jhapni, Zornia di-
phylla, Pars., and Bhador jhapni^
Biophitum sensitivum, D. G,
Jhapni bai. Convulsions during which
the patient closes his eyes, coma.
34
Jhapni
[ 266 ]
Jhargoe jhargoe
Jhapni. 1 To cover, as with a lid, with
Jhapon. J a basket, &c.
Terel jhapni. The persistent calyx on the fruit
of the Terel tree, Diospyros tomentosa^
Roxb.
Merom hopone jhaponkedea. He put a basket
over the kid, (or put the kid under a basket.)
Jhapni. The eye lashes.
MedoK jokhec meC do jhapni esedolta.
Jhapon. To cover, as with a lid ; to co-
ver anything under a basket, as
chickens. Cf. jhapni.
Jhaporae. Middling, tolerable.
Jhaporae deloKkana. It looks only middling.
Jhapot. Trip, load. Cf. jhapat.
Jhapre. To cover, slightly clothed, a
modest way of speaking of being
clothed.
Gendrec tanaRte jhaprekaeme. Cover him with
a piece of old cloth (a sleeping child.)
Jhapreakanae gendredte. She is slightly cloth-
ed with old cloth.
S-P"' U booth.
Jhupri. J
Jhapriakat'ale. We live in a booth.
Jhapri. I Hair hanging over the fore-
Jhupri. J head, hair flying about, Scot-
tice, tou'sy tap.
Jhapru. Hair long and hanging over
the brow, applied to males only ;
hanging, as the ears of certain
dogs ; drooping, as the branches
of a tree.
Delabon ona jhapru darerebon umuloKa. Come,
let us shelter under that tree with the
drooping branches.
Jhapta jhapti. To pounce upon from
all sides, to snatch, to scramble for.
Sendrare jhapfa jhaptiko repeea phari seromre.
At a hunt they scramble for the flesh.
Jhapt^a jhaptiye khuda,ukedea.
Jhaptao. To over run, to make a des-
cent upon, to pounce upon, to
spring upon, to attack suddenly.
Gota bir panteko jhaptao idieda. They have
formed line and are sweeping the whole
jungle before them.
Jhaptao acurkedeako. They surrounded him
suddenly and cut off his retreat.
Jhaptao tiogem. Pounce upon him.
Jhar, Liquor which oozes out of the
malted grain during fermentation,
deposit of urates or phospates in
urine.
Jhar hg.ndi. Liquor which oozes ont of the grain
during the process of fermentation.
Dul h^rudi. Liquor produced by pouring water
OTor the fermented grain.
Jhar. A bush, clump, tuft, thicket.
Khub jharakana. It has grown into a large
tuft.
Jhar. To cure snake bite, &c. by charms
and incantations.
Jhajh9.ric. One who pretends to cure snake
bite by charms.
Jhara. Sweepings.
Hor ren jhara kanae. He is the offscourings of
society.
Parwa ren jhara. Sparrows.
Jhara jhar. In crowds.
Jhara jharko hijuka. They will come in
crowds.
Jhara. A variety of the rice plant the
ripe grain of which readily falls
from the ear.
Jhara jhura.lWhat is obtained b}^ shak-
Jhurejhuro.J ing the straw in which
grain has been -svrapped up.
Jhara jhurako cabakeda. They have finished
even to what was obtained by shaking the
straw in which the grain was wrapped up.
Jharak. Smoke, heat from flame.
Gulha jharakre akakam. Hang it where it will
be in the smo];o (or heat) of the fireplace.
Jharak jhuruk. In a band, in a crowd.
Jharao. To reduce, to joare, to strip.
Katko jharaoeda. They are reducing the thick-
ness of the log.
Nesko jharaoena. They have been stripped
this year.
Jharao. To trickle, as water out of the
primitive Indian filter of three
gharras.
Jharaoni. \ Applied to the present given
Jharauni. j to the person who cooks
at a marriage feast and to the food
given to those who accompanied
the bridegroom.
Culhgi jharauni. A present given to the person
who cooks at a marriage feast.
Dhup jharauni. Food given on their return to
those who accompanied the bridegroom to
the bride's house.
Jhare patare. Bush and brake
Jhare patareko sendrakeda. They beat every
bush (likely or imlikely) for game.
Jhare patare go^ako boloakana. They are hunt-
ing every foot (of the jungle.)
Jhargoe jhargoe.lSound produced by
Jhargoe jhargoe.J throwing a stick to
knock do^vn fruit from a tree.
Cele coe daleftan jhargoe jhargoe.
Jhargoeals
[ 267 ]
Jhaua
JhargoeaH. Tattered, ruffled, rough
surface, un-trimmod ; hanging
unevenly, or in clusters, as fruit
on a tree.
OyaK do jhargoealfgetaea. Hia house is dil-
apidated (liaa lost tlie trimnesa it had when
new.)
Potam tukg. do jhargoeaEgea. A pigeon's nest
is a rough affair.
Jhargo pargo. Wet, as bushes after a
shower of rain.
Jhargualf Hanging, drooping, as the
branches of a tree ; bent over, as
stalks of grain by wind.
Jharhoehali. Rough, untrimmed, as a
pigeon's nest.
Jhari lota. A lota (q. v.) with a spout.
Jhar jhar. In crowds, in large num-
bers.
They are assembling
Jhar jharko jarwaKkana.
in crowds.
Jhar jhar. J p^j^^
Jhar jhar.) °
as ram.
Jhar jhare dalieda. It is a pelting rain.
Jhar jhar. \To issue, as water from a
Jharjharao.j spring.
.idi dale jhar jharao odokolc kana. Much water
is issuing forth.
Jhar jhare daKkeda. It poured a deluge.
Jhar jhar mayam atulckana.
Jhar jhur. A thicket, tangled branches.
Jhar jhnrreye boloena. He has entered the
thicket.
Jhar j hur. Stripped, as a tree of leaves.
Jhar jhurena dare do. The tree is stripped of
its leaves.
Jhar jhur liuroKkana sakam. The leaves are
"faUin'g so that the tree is being stripped.
Jharka jharki. To lick, as tongues of
fire ; flames.
Jharka jharki tioKeua. The flames reached it.
Jharkand. Full-grown, past the best.
Hara jharkand. Past the flower of one's age.
JharkanQl dare. A tree beginnig to shew signs
of decay.
Jharkao. Singed, or scorched by fire.
Jharkargl Huge and full grown, old
and huge as a tree, past its best.
Jharla j harli. Scorching, as heat of the
sun or a fire, fierce.
Jharla jharli setohle sahaoaka£a. We have
borne the scorching heat of the sun.
Jharla jharli rapakadifiae. He only half roast-
ed it for me.
Jharna. A spring of water.
Buru jharna. A mountain spring.
Jharna daK. Spring water.
JharoeaU. Rough, untrimmed, scraggy,
dilapidated, roughly executed.
Potam tuk?, jharoeaK hatom do. Auntie, a pig-
eon's nest is a scraggy thing.
Jharoe jharoe. Sound of branches be-
ing shaken to make fruit fall.
Jharpa. "1 Wide-spreading and dense
Jharpun. J foliaged, as a tree ; hang-
ing or drooping.
NuiaK up jh3.rpuh getaea. Hia hair is thick and
hanging over his brow.
Noa cal jh^rpunolfa khunti rapu£lenkhan.
This roof will droop if the supporting poat
breaks.
Jharruk parruk. Wet, as bushes af-
ter rain.
Jh?.rrul5 parruK birreko dara baraea.
Jharuk jharuk. To bound, as a deer
when running.
Jhata. Branches fixed in the ground
for climbing plants to climb up,
pea stakes.
Malhanko jhatakeda. They have fixed branch-
es in the ground for the malhan (q. v.) to
olimb up.
Jhata kerketa. A veiled name for mal-
han (q. v.), one who preserves a
youthful look.
Jhatas. To be driven by the wind a-
gainst anything, as rain is driven
into a varandah or against a wall.
Bhite jhatasaUkana, The rain is being driven
by the wind against the wall.
Jhatas daK. Rain water blown in by the wind.
Jhatia patia. Everything, every one.
Jhatia p^(iako oalaoena. Every one has left.
Jhatiau. To sprinkle.
Ma oraK jhatig.iime.
Jhatiau. To seize and take away. Cf.
jhutiau.
Jhatkao. To lose flesh, to be pulled
down.
NahaKem jhatkaoena. Ton have lost flesh re-
cently.
Jhatpat. Quickly.
Jhaua. A bush.
J?.nnm jha.ua. A bush of the j^nnm. (q. v.)
Jhaua. To collect together as leaves,
straws, sticks, &c., meeting with
an obstruction when floating down
a stream.
]?ur jhaua. To fall till there is a heap,
.^tu jhau?.. To be obstructed when floating and
collect into a bunch.
Jhaua
[ 268 ]
JhiliaU
Laga jhaua. To drive into a heap, as flsh.
Kata katua atu jhauaabata. Rubbish which
has been brought down by a stream and
meeting with an obstruction a heap has
formed.
Jhaua. Vitrified in baking, as pottery,
or bricks.
Jhau jhau. In crowds.
Jhau jhauko hijuKa. They will come in crowds,
Jhau jhau. To bow-wow, toobark.
Jhausa jhausi. Quickly.
Jhausa jhausi hodeme. Get him to do it quickly.
Jhausau. To singe by fire, to scorch.
Setoiite jhausauena. Scorched by the sun.
Khakhal p'?.hilre sukriko jhausaukoa. They
singe pigs before flaying tliem.
Jhawa jhara. A small plant. Euphor-
bia dracuncidoides, Lam.
Jhawar. Two plants bear this name,
one, Trema Aniboinensis, Bl., a
small tree, and the other, Tama-
rix ericoides, Roth., a small Tam-
arisk bush.
Jhawar khandera. A common small
plant, Phyllanthus juniperinoi-
des, Mull. Arg.
Jhedge. Worn out.
Jhejh^. Applied to the crying of a
petulant child.
Onko oraUreko ariskeda jhejho.
Jhemthe. To stick together, as two
stamps.
Jhenjle. To beg, to importune, to wait
on expecting to receive alms. Cf.
jenjle.
Jheiijra. A fish trap. Cf. jhirijri.
Jhejijre. Sieve-like, not closely woven,
as cloth. Cf. jharijra.
Jhere jhere. Smooth, polished, sleek,
shiny.
Sunum jhere jhere ojoKakawanae. He has an-
ointed himself with oil until he shines.
Jeth" }^'^®* ^°™' ®'^®^*' ^^^^^'
Jhet beta. First born son.
Jhetha. A part of the mechanism of
a bird trap. Cf kol jhetha.
Jhic. To open.
Bah jhijolfa. It will not open.
Jhicge tahena. It will remain open.
Jhiiiadeae. He opened to him.
Jhlk. The Indian Porcupine, Hys^
trix leucura.
Jhlk. To lighten a rope by twisting
it with a piece of wood as a lever.
Jhika enec. A dance so named.
Jhika sereri. Songs sung when the
jhika is being danced.
Jhika rar. The air to which the jhika
songs are sung.
Jhika ru. The time beaten on the
drums during the jhika dance.
Jhika jhake, With great difficulty.
Jhiki. Importunate, to importune, beg
hard,
4idi jhikiae nui hor do. This man is very im-
portunate.
Jhiki miki. Resplendent, adorned,
flashy, grand.
Jhikjhikau. To worry, to annoy.
Jhik jhikaukedeako. They worried him.
Jhik jhika. Applied to the level rays
of the sun before setting.
Ber jhik jhik^kkanae. The sun is close to the
horizon.
Jhik jhok. To bully, to bluster one in-
to doing what is wanted.
Jhik jhor. "| To bully, to force one to
Jhik jhorao. J do anything by bully-
ing him.
Oka atore khun hoyol^a ondeko jhik jhoraokoa.
"When a murder has been committed in any
village the people are bullied into telling all
they know.
Jhiko jhoko. With great difficulty, with
worry.
Khan jhiko jhoko jhiko jhokoko sim ralf keda.
Then they passed the time with difliculty
Jhil
Jola,
till cockcrow.
:}
A shallow marsh or morass.
Jhile mile. ") Shining, polished, burn-
Jhilmil j ished, beautiful. C£
jhalmal.
Jhili. \ A trench used as a fire-
Jhili gada. J place when cooking has
to be done for a large number of
persons.
Jhiliau. To remove the stamens from
the flowers of the Mahua tree be-
fore cooking them.
Jhil jhilia
[ 269 ]
Jhogfahia
Jhil jhilia. Not closely woven, having
intervals between the threads. Cf.
Jhil jhol. To shew off, to swagger.
Jhil jhole dara baraekana. He goes atont
swaggering.
Jhilo. To swing, a child's swing.
Bare jororeko jhiloKa. They swing on the pen-
dulous roots of the Banyan tree.
Jhilo jholo. To push and pull.
A<Jiko jhilo jhilokediiia. They pushed and pul-
led me about.
Jhilon jholon. Hanging down and
flapping.
Adorn doko bhagwaica jhiloii jholon. Some
wear the bhagwa long and it flaps aa they
walk.
Jhimbri. A fish trap made of finely
split bamboo.
This trap is baited and set. It has a small door
which a fish can push open to admit of its
entering, but which cannot be opened to
afford egress.
Jhimbria. A large jungle climbing
plant, HolmsJcioldia sanguinea,
Retz.
Jhim jhimi. An ear ornament.
Jhin baber. A bridle.
Jhinga. A cultivated food plant, Laffa
acutangula, Roxh.
Earn jhinga. The edible Hibiscus, the Indian
vegetable known as the Lady's finger, Hibis-
ens esculentus, Linn.
Jhingae potae. The whole family.
Jhiiigae potaeko hedena. The whole family
has oome.
Jhinga phulia. Lazy, applied to one
who prefers amusement to work.
Jhinga phulia hor kanae.
Jhingor jhitigor. Scattered.
Noa atorehko jhihgor jhiiigor cabaena. The
people of this Tillage are all scattered far
and wide.
Jhingur. A plant the root of which is
Jhingur. An ear ornament. [edible.
Jhinka jhakur.lUnequally balanced, as
Jhinko jhakur.J scales, or weights on
a banghy.
Jhinka tare. \ Unequally balanced as
Jhinko toro. J scales, or the loads on
a banghy pole.
Jhioko jhokor.\Unequally balanced, as
Jhinko jhokor. J the weights at each
endof aJDanghypole; applied also
to the gait of a person carrying an
unequally balanced banghy.
Jhinko jhokore bhariaka€a. He has loaded his
banghy unequally.
Jhinko toro, Unequally balanced as
the weights of a banghy.
Jhin jhin. Faint.
Jhin jhiniii a(kareda. I feel faint.
Jhinjhinau. To faint.
Jhin jhinaulikanae. She is fainting.
Jhinjhir. A small forest tree, Bauhin-
ia variegata, Linn.
Jhiiijit. A small forest tree, Bauhinia
retusa, Ham.
Jhin kicric. Drill cloth.
Jhinthi pathri. Spells.
JhinthiaK alo pathriaK alo lagaoK bajaoSma.
Let no spell be thrown over her.
Jhinuk. A bi-valve, the shell of a bi-
valve.
Jhinuk jat. Bi-valve molluscs.
Jhinuk jel. The flesh of a bi-valve.
Jhinulv pitha. A kind of biscuit, made
by sticking two small flat cakes of
dough together with sweets, &c.
between, and then baking.
This bread has the appearance of a bi-valve,
(jhinuk) whence the name.
Jhipir jhipir. Continuous drizzle.
Jhiri hiri. To trickle down.
Jhiri hiri daK atuKkana. Water trickles down_
Jhiri jhiri. To trickle.
Jhiri jhiri ?ituKkana. It flows trickling down.
Jhipir jhipir. To sparkle, or flash when
shaken.
Jhlt. To irrigate, applied mainly to
irrigation from wells or tanks where
the water is raised mechanically.
Jhitoc jhotoc. Slow or feeble and care-
lessly attired.
Jhitor jhotor. To swagger about in a
grand dhoti.
JhSea. Small fry, a small fish, a minnow.
TinaEhakopedamletkoa? MiStee jhoeahobale
llamledea. How many fish did you get ?
We did not even get a minnow.
Jhogor. 'I To quarrel, to wrangle, to
Jhogra. J strive.
Jhogor lagao. To begin a quarrel.
Am ge jhogorem lagaoeda. It is you who are
quarrelling.
JhograKkanako. They are quarrelling.
Jhograhi. ] Quarrelsome.
Jhograhia. J ^
Jatge jhograhigeae. He is quarrelsome by dis-
position.
Jhokao
[ 270 ]
Jhoto poto
Jhokao. To attract, to bring anything
undesirable upon oneself.
Mahajonko noako reak horo aanamko jhokao-
akat'a. The merchants have bought up all
the dhan in these parts, or the merchants
have attracted to themselves all the dhan
of these parts.
Amtege noa dom jhokaoakawana. Ton have
yourself broue^ht this upon you.
Eai otiri jhokaoakawana. I have brought upon
myself all the responsibilities connected
with leasing land.
Eaj ot jhokao alga do bah kana. It is no light
thing to take upon oneself the responsibil-
ity connected with land.
Jhok jhokao.lTo intimidate, to bully,
Jhok jhokao, J to bluster, to force one
to do a thing by intimidation or
bluster.
Mahajonko jhok jhokaoedirtkanako. The money
lenders are bullying me.
Jhol. Anything hanging from the roof,
such as cobwebs, &c., which has
become smutted by soot.
Calre jholakana.
. Adi jhol motkaakana.
Jhola. To burn with a burning piece
of wood.
Jholakediilae. He burnt me with a. piece of
burning wood, or a firebrand.
JholawaKme . Set fire to it with a burning piece
of wood.
Jholand. Thicket, dense brushwood
jungle.
Ona jholandre hakoko tahena. In that place
where the roots are numerous fish are to be
found.
Jhol motka. Smoke, smutty with soot.
Jholiiga. Reaching to the feet, as a
garment.
Jholon. ") Reaching to the feet,
Jholoii jholon. J as a garment.
Jholoh jholohe d"hgaa'jana. His garments are
down to his feet.
Jholphol. The radiance emanating from
the sun before he appears above
the horizon, after-glow of sun set.
JholpholoKkana. There is an after-glow, or light
is breaking in the East.
Jhomble. To assemble, to make into
a bunch.
Ape do mit t^ienpe jhombleakana. Ton are
assembled in one place.
Mi6 bar jhomble jondrae emadilia. He gave
me a bunch or two of Indian corn coba.
Tol jhobleme. Tie them into bunches.
Mit jhomble jondra. Four cobs of Indian corn
tied together.
Jhomojhoc.\The Pied Crested Cuckoo,
Jhorojhoc. J Goccystis jacobinus.
Jhomoke jhomok. Well matched pair.
Jhompa. To cover, as a fowl under a
basket, or as a plant with thorns
to preserve it.
Jhomor jhomor. Continuous, ss rain,
heavy.
Jhomor jhomore daKeda. It rains continuously,
Jhond. A patch of dense jungle with
much brushwood and under growth.
Lar jhond. A thicket of lar (q. v.)
Kurit' rama jhond. A thicket of kurit' rama
■(q. V.)
Janum jhond. A thicket of janum (q. v.)
Jh5nga. Weak and emaciated through
illness.
Jhopo toro. Scrub jungle.
Jhopro. Dense, thick, as scrub j ungle.
Jhopro bir. Dense scrub jungle.
Jhopso. To be cloudy.
Jhopsoakat'ae. It is clouded'over.
DaK do bae dalceda eken jhopso. It does not
rain, it is only cloudy.
Jhora. To drive game, to beat for
game.
Kulaiko jhorakoa liindare. They drive harea
at night (into nets.)
Jhora totke^koako. They drove them (deer)
out.
Kaki ayo orak khone jhora tofketbona. Our
step-mother hunted us out of the house,
(referring to the heat when all sleep out of
doors.)
Jhora. \ A flat disc woven with the twigs
Jhuri.j of certain climbing plants,
used to carry earth.
One is slung at each end of a bamboo and cOlT-
ried on the shoulder.
JhSrS. Weakened and emaciated
through illness.
Jhoroe jhoroe. Sound of wind and rain.
Jhorojhoc. The Pied Crested Cuckoo,
Goccystis jacobinus.
Jhorojhoc. Drenched, dripping.
Jhorojhoc lohotenae. He is drenched.
Jhoro jhoro. Applied to the sound of
falling or dripping water.
Jhoro jhoro sadekana. It sounds drip, drip.
Jhotea. Lean and big bellied, as one
suffering from fever and spleen.
Jhoto poto. Anyhow, hui-riedly and
inefficiently.
Ce{ lekape kamibaralaKaP Jhoto potogele ka-
mikeda. How did you do your cultivation?
We did it anyhow, (rushed it through.)
Jhotor
[ 271 1
Jhunki
Jhotor, Indian corn cobs plaited to-
gether by the sheath coverings.
Bar ha^aS ion(Jra mii; jhotor hoyoKa.
Jhotra jhutri. To use force, to compel
either by main force or bullying.
Jhotra jhutriko idiketkoa. They took them
away forcibly.
Jhotra motra. Bundles, impedimenta.
Jhotrao. To take away, or to cause to
go by constraint.
Jhotrao idike£koako. They took them away
by force.
Jhotraoket'koako. They constrained them
to go.
Jhuk. To be courageous, intrepid,
plucky, vigorous, impetuous, hot-
blooded.
A'Ji jhuk hor. A plucky, or vigorous fellow.
Lalai jhukoUpe. Be bold to speak.
Alope bolaoea adiye jhukoKa. Do not interfere
with him he is very hot blooded.
Kstmire flt'Jiye jhukolia. He works vigorously.
Jhukau. To be irritated, excited, roused,
inflamed, to set upon, to fly at.
Iiireye jhukau go€ena. He was irritated and
sprang at me.
Geger l*git banae jhiikauena. The bear was
roused to sotting upon one.
Bhipcui hopon lagit adie jhuk^uKkana. The
King crow is very excited about its young
ones.
Kataha janwar horre g.diko jhubauEa. Beasts
of prey fly at human beings.
Jhukel. Courageous, intrepid, plucky,
vigorous, industrious.
Khub jhukel hor kanae. He is a very vigorous
person.
Sendra khube jhukela. He is a plucky hunter.
Jhukmuc.") Shrivelled, as a very old
Jhuknuc. J person.
Jhulainda. Sooty, smoked, smutty
with soot.
Jhulaindaakana oraE do. The house is sooty.
Jhulau. To become weak, or emaciated.
Kamite dherko jhulauena. They have lost con-
dition by working.
Dara daratele jhulauena. We have become lean
through journeying.
Euate jhulauenae. He is much reduced by fever.
Jhuli bhati. A perquisite received by
the panchayat from the father of
a young man at the settlement of
a certain kind of irregular mar-
riage.
Jhulkau. To raise enthusiasm, to in-
cite, to inspirit, to excite.
Eneo jhulkauakatkoae. He raised their enthu-
siasm for the dance.
E^mi khube jhulkgiuakatkoa. He has incited
them to work.
Kule jhulkauK kana. The tiger is getting
excited.
Jhulua jhulun. Applied to the jog
trot of the Indian post runner and
to the tinkling of the rings on the
stick over which he carries his let-
ter bag.
Jhulnii jhuluiie dar idieda.
Jhuma jhum. Violently, with a rush.
Jhuma jhumko ruhe^kediiia. They scolded me
violently.
Jhum?. jhumko kaphari?.uKkana. They are
quarrelling violently.
Jhuma jhumko hed gotena. They came with a
rush.
Jhumau. To nod, as when drowsy.
Jhumblai mente. In a body, in a co-
vey, all together, as one.
Horko bere£ gotena jhumblai mente. The peo-
ple rose up as one man.
Cereko argo gotena jhumblgii mente. The birds
alighted in a body.
Jhumur jhumur. Sound of tinkling or
rattling produced by small stones
or pellets iu hollow ornaments of
bell metal.
Jhumur jhumur sadeKa. It emits a sound of
rattling.
Jhuna jhun. Violent, as a quarrel, or
wrangle ; with a rush.
Jhuna jhunko kaphariaultkana. They are quar-
relling violently.
XJni tuluiiko jhuna jhunena. They quarrelled
with him violently.
Jhund. Dense, as a thicket ; a thicket,
flock, herd, crowd.
Noabirdo a4i jhunija. This jungle is very
dense.
Ggii jhund. A herd of cattle.
Jhun jhun. ") Dry, dry and shrivelled,
Jhun jhunau. J absolutely dry,
Jhun jhun sade. To rattle, as a dry fruit^n a
pod.
Rohor jhun jhunau hodoSa.
Jhun jhuni. ") -p.
Jhunjhunia. J •'"
Jhunka. Hollow bell-shaped ornaments
of bell metal having small stones
or pellets of iron inside, ^N'hich
rattle when the wearer walks.
Jhunka jhumur jhumur sadekana.
Jhunki. To become lean, to be pulled
down as an animal suckling a large
number of young ones.
Nunu jhunkikedeako. She has become lean
through suckling them.
Jhunkienae. She has become lean.
Jhunuk jhupur
[ 272 ]
Jiba
Jhunuk jhupur. Loaded with jewelry.
J hup marte. ") With a swoop, swoop-
Jhup mente. j ingly.
Jhupri. Hair loose and hanging down,
applied only to females.
Jhupri."! A shelter made of branches, a
Jhupri.J booth.
Jhupur jhupur. Continuous drizzle.
Jhupur jhupure dalceda. It drizzles continu-
ously.
Jhur. A thicket.
Jhur. To cause to be sickly or unhealthy,
applied to the effect which too
much shade has on growing plants.
Darete jhurlteda. It has been made unhealtliy
by the shade of the tree.
Noa dare buta reaB horo jhurena. The rice
under the shade of this tree is sickly.
Jhurat. ") To be over-ripe, dry through
Jhurau. / being over-ripe.
Gele khon jaiite^ jhurau Aurena. The grain
being over-ripe has fallen out o£ the ears.
Eohor jhuratena. It has ripened and dried.
Jhure jhure. Shakings from the straw
in which grain has been wrapped.
C£ jhara jhaura.
Jhurgusia. To shelter in a thicket, to
suppress information.
Jhuri. Thin branches used as firewood.
Noa birrele jhuri jhantieda. We obtain fire-
wood and fencing branches from this jungle.
Jhur jhuri. An ear ornament shaped
like the leaf of a Pipal tree.
Jhurjhuri. A common grass having
flower stalks that grow to a con-
siderable height.
Jhurjhuri. A small annual plant,
Vernonia cinerea, Less.
Jhuru jhuru. Polished, smooth, sleek.
Jhnru jhuru cikara. It is polished and smooth.
Jhu^. I rp^ ^g falsified, false.
Jhutha.J
Nin din nin jug do bail jhutjaakan mathaakan-
talea. All these years we have never known
it to be falsified.
Jhuta mutha. Leavings of food ; pre-
tendingly, make believe.
Jhuta mutha jojom hor kanae. He is a person
who eats what another has left.
Tll^th Vi f "'■'^ ^^^^' ■"'i*'^°^* recompence.
Jhutholi hec haronena A. I have taken the trou-
ble to come and all in vain.
Jhuth pus. Make believe, to no purpose.
Jhuth puse kgimikana. He is only pretending
to work.
Jhutiau. To seize by the hair, to seize.
JhutiaukediAae. Jle caught me by the hair am
the crown of my head.
Jhuto puso. Make believe, not really_
Jhutuc. ") Applied to rain which
Jhutuc jhutuc. J though not heavy is
continuous.
Jhutuc jhutu6. 1
Jhutukjhutuk.[Drizzluigrain,to drizzle.
Jhutukjhutuk.J
Si6 satup jhutuK jhutuKe daKeda. It drizzles
continuously.
Ji. To smell, to sniff.
Ji atkarkedae. Hesmelledit.
Eaha jiatt jialikanae. He keeps smelling the
fiower.
Jijikanae. He is smelling.
Jia. Grand, as in grandmother.
Jiad budhi. My grandmother.
Jia hatomili. My grand aunt.
Jiad tatad. My grand parents.
Bohga jia. Paternal grandmother.
Here jia. Maternal grandmother.
Jia. Said when returning the salute
of a younger person, or an inferior.
Jia itat. A present of cloth given by
a bridegroom to the bride's grand-
mothers at the time of marriage.
Bohga jia ital:. Cloth given by a bridegroom
to his bride's paternal grandmother.
Here jia itait:. Cloth given by a bridegroom to
his bride's maternal grandmother.
Jiam. ")The Tailor-bird, Orthotonius
Jian. J sutorius, so called from its
note. Cf ghardidi.
Jian. To rinse the hair by throwing
the head back into water.
XJmoKreko jiahoKa. When bathing they rinse
the hair by throwing the head back into the'
water.
Jiar. ") Always moist, as soil, reten-
Jiol. ) tive of life.
Noa sodol? jiargea. The bottom of this ravine
is always moist.
Jiol khet kana. It is a field that is always moist.
Sukri doko jiargea. Pigs die hard.
Jiau. To preserve alive.
Sehgel jiaukaKme. Keep the fire alive.
Katha ji^u dohokam. Keep the matter alive.
Jib. Life, soul.
TinaKjibape? More jlbale. How many souls
are youf There are five of us.
Jiba. Life.
Jib dan
[ 2V3 ]
Jilwa thalwe
Jib dan. Live, the gift of life.
Khange jib daukin liamkeC khankin nd^u got-
ena. Then when they had received the gift
of life they immediately flew away.
Jibi. Cf jiwi.
Jib jontu. Living creatures.
Jibka. To keep back part of an accu-
sation, or of evidence, so that the
culprit may not be utterly undone.
Jibkqi dohokam, sanam alom roy cabaea. Keep
back a part do not tell all.
Jibkae dohokeda. He did not tell all.
Jibk» leka dohokam. Keep back as much as
will at least save his skin.
Jid. To struggle, endeavour, exert
oneself, make effort, use diligence,
be careful, apply oneself, be assi-
duous, persistent, persevere.
Adiye jidefjkana. He is very persistent,
jidkateye hataokeda. He persisted and took it.
Jidahi. Persistent, persevering, vigor-
ous, assiduous.
44i jidahi hor kanae. He is a very persevering
person.
Jidajid. Diligently, persistently, per-
severingly, assiduously, with all
one's heart.
Jidsjidko k^mikana. They are working very
diligently.
4(}i jid»jide oeoe^kana. He studies diligently .
Jigas. To ask, to enquire, to take no-
tice of, to consult, to search for.
Ili do bako jigasledilia. They did not consult
me.
Jigas ke(;koamP Did you search for them ?
Jidat. Persistency.
Adi jidate lagaoakaCa. He is very persistent.
Jiddhi. Energetic, persistent, perse-
vering.
Jidhi. To persist, to persevere.
Eorore jidhiakafa. He has persisted in speak-
ing.
Jigir. 1 rpQ importune, to beg hard.
.^cliye jigireda. He is extremely importunate.
Jihorjohor. Reaching to the feet, as
a garment.
Jigra jigri. To quarrel, wrangle, alter-
cate.
Jigra jigrienako. They are wrangling.
Jihu. Two species of birds bear this
name.
Bhonda jihu. The Bengal Babbler, Malacocer-
cus terricolor.
Jg^num jihu. The Bush Chat.
Jihu malla. A necklace of beads re-
sembling a string of the eggs of
the Jihu bird. (q. v.)
Jija._ 1
Jijalc. [Excreta, used by children.
Jiji. J
Jiki. 7 To move while in a sitting
Jikicjikic. ) posture, dragging the
posteriors along the ground.
Jiki iaruQ. )^ , , ■
T-i • •• ■ j-ror a long time.
Jikijarum. J °
Jiki j?,ruhko acur baraekana. They have been
going round about here for a long time.
Jiki jaruhko durupakana. They have been sit-
ting a long time.
Jiki miki. Resplendent, bedecked'
flashy, grandly attired.
Jila. A district, a division of a country
for administrative purposes.
Jilet. To stick to, to adhere, as a plas-
ter. Cf jalat'.
Thl'lrl [- A kind of sweetmeat.
Jilip jilip. Showing off, flashing.
Jilip jilip. To blink, as one who has
looked at the sun.
Jilpat. To shrink, as the stomach
through want of food, illness, &c.
Eohor jilpaitenae. He is wasted away and hia
stomach is shrunken.
Beiigeote jilpatenae. His stomach has shrunk
through want.
Jilpsite durupakana. There he sits with his
shrunken stomach.
Jilpit. ■) To blink with the eyes,
Jilpit; jilpil;. J unable to open the eyes
to the full.
JilpiC jilpife behgefeda. He is blinking.
Jilu. Nearest to the mark, as in the
game of pitch and toss.
Ifiak jiluakana. Mine is nearest the mark.
Jilu milu. 1 Blinking with the eyes,
Jiluk miluk. J weak from hunger or
fatigue so as to be unable to open
the eyes to the full extent.
Jilwa thalwa. \At a loss, perplexed,
Jilwa thalwe. J hopeless, weak, at one's
wit's end.
Jilwa th*lw9.enae. He is at his wit's end.
35
Jima
[ 274 ]
Jirip jiri]^
Jima. Charge, trust, to give in charge
or trust, to deliver.
TJni jimgire menalfa. It is in his charge.
TJniye jim9.wadiiia. He put it in my charge.
Bar pe maha Ig^gil! cg-ukidar then iimakaeme.
Give it (a cow) into the charge of the watch-
man for a day or two.
Jin. Drill cloth.
Jin. A spirit, a ghost.
Jinau. To cause to recover, to revi-
vify, to reanimate, to succeed.
Bnal{ khone jinsiukedea. He was the means of
his recoTCry from fever.
Ni* helrele jin9inakadea. "We have succeeded
in saving him this time.
Nigi mokordomarell jin^uena. I have won in
this case.
J. 1 ■ > To excel, to win.
XTniaK katha jindgetaea. His word has got the
victory.
Jingar. Keeping in good condition al-
though sparingly fed.
Jiais. A thing, an article, property,
goods, wealth.
Bese jinisakaf a. He has gathered much wealth.
Mif tail jinis alfgniii oalalfkaua. I am going to
bring a certain article.
Jinis. Genus, kind, species, sort, con-
dition.
Aour jiniste calaKme. Make a circuit.
i>hq.lu jinis benaome. Make it sloping.
Nonkan jinisrele tahenkana. We are living ui
such a condition.
Oka jiniste A calaKa? How shall I go? (in a
straight line, or round about, or how P)
Th 'h' f'^° ^^^^ faint, or dizzy.
Jinjingeii atkareda. I feel faint.
Jinjin^u. JTo faint.
Jhmjhmau.J
Jinjin9.u6nae. She has fainted.
Jinjir. "I A small forest tree, Bauhinia
Jhirijhir.J variegata, Linn.
Jiiijri. Lean, emaciated, applied to
female children.
JiAjri. "1 A kind of fish trap, lattice
Jhidjri. J work, pierced with holes, as a
sieve.
Jinthi. A potsherd.
Jinthi pathri. Spells, charms, enchant-
ments.
Jinthijif alo, p^thrialf alo lagaoK bajaolfma.
Let no spell be thrown over her.
Jio.l Said when returning the saluta-
Jia.J tion of a younger person or an
inferior.
Jiol. Always moist, as soil.
Jiol khet. A field which is always moist and
the crops of which never die.
Jiol hako. A species of fish.
Jion. Life.
Jior. Always moist, as certain soils.
J."." p,.' >To blink with the eyes.
Jipi jipiye behget'eda. She is blinking.
Jipa. \Seeing indistinctly through not
Jipni.j being able to open the eyes
properly, having drooping eyelids.
Me6 jip^ eseijakantaea, His eyes are closed by
the eyelids (being swollen.)
Jipa jape. "1 Slow, leisurely, as if be-
Japajopo.j numbed with cold.
Jipan japan. Tottering, slowly and
painfully, as a very old person.
Cf japaii jupun.
Jipir jipir. Drizzling.
Jipir jipir japute lagaokeda. The rains have
set in with a drizzle.
Jipir jipir. \To sparkle or flash when
Jhipir jhipir. J shaken. Cf jhipir
jhipir.
Hilg-uK kana jipir jipir. It shakes and flashes.
Jipo jopo. To move about slowly as a
person of great age.
Jipo jopo baraekanae. He moves about slowly.
Jiput. To look sad, depressed, down
spirited.
Jira. Carraway seed, Garum Garwi,
Linn.
Jirau. To rest, to retain food, &c. on
the stomach, to agree with one, as
water.
Jirau johme. Eest yourself.
DurnpjirSiulfme. Sit down and rest.
DaK bae jir^u dareada. The water (of the place)
did not agree with him.
Ean bae jirau dareada. He could not retain
the medicine (he vomited it.)
Jom jir?inkedae. He ate and was able to re-
tain the food on his stomach.
J in J in. J
Jiri jiri atuKkana. It flows trickling down.
Jiri jiri.. Clean, pure, as water.
Jirip jirip.l Sparkling, glossy and shin-
Jirit jirit. j ing, flashing in the sun.
Jirip jirip. To blink as one who has
been looking at the sun.
Jiri^ jirii
[ 275 ]
Joba baha
Jirif jiriti. To glitter, glisten, twinkle ;
to blink with the eyes.
Jirlun. Depressed, having a sad or
downcast look, emaciated, worn
out.
Jirmok. Disfigured, exhausted, sad,
dull.
JifmoKe dufupakana. He is sitting looking very
Bad.
Jiro joro. To trickle, flow as blood from
a wound.
Jiro joroe mayamoKkana. He is bleeding freely.
Jiro joro mayam joro idilckantaea. Blood trick-
les to the ground as he moves along.
Jiro koto. 1 Laden with children and
Jiro toko. J packages so as to be great-
ly hampered.
Jifo tokoko oalaK kana. They are going laden
•with children and goods.
Jiryau miryan. Small fry, small game.
Celekope goeketkoa? jiryaii miryan. What
have you killed? Only small game.
Jista. A quire of paper.
Mii jistg. kagoj. One quire of paper.
Jisu. Jesus.
Jit. Victory.
Itiaii jit hoeena. It is my victory.
Jita. Life.
Jit?, janam. ■) ^^^^ ^j ^^^^^^^ i^g_
Jita bnor. )
Jitau. To overcome, to conquer, to
come off safely.
Jitluls. Miserable looking, depressed,
sad, applied to females.
Jiwerjewer. ") Sticky, mucilaginous, of
Jewer jewer. ) viscous consistency,
persistent under difficulties.
Jewer jewer holoiiko sipiakafa. They have
mixed the flour into a thin paste.
Matkom jewer jewerko andaKakafa. They have
cooked the matkom (q. v.) into mucilage.
Jiwer jewerem calaKkana. Ton are persisting
in going under great difficulty (through
hunger or thirst, &o.)
Jiwel To live, to become];'alive ; to
revive ; living, life.
Noa jiwefoe. In this life.
Jiwe£ janam. 7 ,j,^^^ ^f natural life.
Jiwet ]onom. ) „ ^ , vi
Jiwet bhor. Full term of natural life.
Jiwe£ daK. Water that has not been boiled.
Jao ji-wet. Term of life. . .
Jiw6« dhiri. A hard stone, applied prmoipaUy
to quartz.
Jiwef dare. A living tree.
Jiwe£ berel > To recover from a dangerous ul-
Jiwei ru9.r. ) ness, to come to life again.
JiwedoKae. He will recover, or come to life
again.
Goiko khone jiwe< beref kedea. He raised him
from the dead.
DaKlekhan ghas jiwei ru^rolfa. When the
rains come the grass will revive.
DaKte horo jiwei! ru^fena. The rain has reviv-
ed the diian.
Jiwi. Life, soul, spirit ; to be patient,
to yearn for.
Jiwi hataf. To be patient, to repress one's de-
sires.
Jiwi agu. To Icill, to take life.
Jiwi rarec. To console, comfort.
Jiwi thandha. To be refreshed after fatigue.
Jiwi botorte. Through fear of losing life.
Jiwi lae poran. With all one's might.
Jiwi jante. With heart and soul.
Jiwi kotol: } '^° "«'' "''«'« ^^■
Bar jiwian. } P^S^^nt, enceinte.
Jiwi ololi. To be dispirited, or hopeless.
Jiwi lorao. To be .disappointed, dispirited.
Jiwi ten. To restrain one's grief.
Jiwi j^ti. Mind and body.
Jiwi jakfe. With all one's might.
Jiwi rehef!. To retain life.
Jiwi rehe^akan dhg-ric laraoK hoyoStaboua.
We must work as long as we live.
Jiwe£ tahen h^bio. As long as life lasts.
Jiwi juij?,si. 'To be refreshed after fatigue.
Jiwi alae. To hazard one's life, to give oneself
up to die.
Jiwi calaK. To die.
Behgedte jiwi calaK lekali ^ikaueda. I feel like
dying through hunger.
Jiwi calaoentaea. His spirit has departed.
Jiwi oalaK oupi calaE. Whatsoever may hap-
pen.
Jiwi oporkantaea. He is unable to make up his
mind.
Jiwi jom. To covet.
Jiwi jomkedae. He coveted it.
Mef jom. To lust after, especially within the
forbidden degrees of affinity.
Mefe jomkeda. He lusted.
Jiwire hit ball atkareda. I do not feel it palat-
able.
CeCleka jiwi j*ti menaKpea? How is your
health generally p
Ona gidi jiwiediA kana. I yearn greatly for it.
Jiwiko ^tkirkeda gujuR botorte. They fled
through fear of death.
Jiwi ge dhonko ba^aekeda. It was their life
they held dear.
Jo. Fruit, result; to bear fruit, to
fruit.
Jo baha din. Season of flowering and fruiting.
Jobab. To reply, to give answer, to
dismiss, to die.
Jobabkedae. He died.
Jobabadeae. He dismissed him.
Joba baha. The Shoe flower. Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis, Linn., a favourite
shrub in Indian gardens, with
single or double red, yellow, or
white flowers.
Jobab dahi
[ 276 ]
Jodo bodo
Jobab dahi."!
Jobab dihi. >Reply, responsibility.
Jobab dohi.J
Jobab dgiM emoR hoyoKtama. The responsibil-
ity rests with you.
Ona realc jobab dihi lagaoakoa. They must
give an aooount of it.
Joban. To promise, to cause to expect.
Okae jobanlaRa, ona bae pur9.u dafeada. He
was unable to fulfil his promise.
Jobdao. ) To wallow or toU in mire, to
Jobdhao. J be ill past hope of recov-
ery, to be be-spattered with mud,
as one who has rolled in a puddle.
Jobdaoenae uni ^ahra do. That bullock is past
recovery.
Losofiteye jobijaoakan tahekana. He was all
be-spattered with mud.
Jobdao. ■) To subdue, set down, warn,
Jobdhao. J rebuke, snub.
Jobdaokadeabo. We set him down.
Jobdo. Heavy, big.
Aiji jobdogea noa ka( do. This log is very heavy.
Jobdo. To set down, to subdue, to
snub.
Jobdoakadeako. They have given him a set-
ting down.
Jobe. To wallow in mire, to be be-
smeared with mud, to lie down
in water, or a puddle, to bathe.
Dela jobeK. Let us go to bathe.
Jobe. When.
Jobeli calalfa, unre noa bathalaii galmaraoa.
When I go, then we will discuss this matter.
Jobho. Damp, moist, as soil.
Jobjob. \Damp, wet, moist, drench-
Jobo jobo.J ed.
Jobjobge afkaroK kana ot do. The floor feels
damp.
Jobo6 jobod. Full of water, as a sponge,
or a cloth that has been immersed
in water.
Joboo joboo loho£akana. It is Boaked]!with
water.
Jobod. To attach property under a
warrant, to lay an embargo on, to
sequestrate.
Khetbo jobodkettaea. They attached his
rice fields.
Jobodhon. Over-stout, so fat as to be
monstrous or unsightly, applied
to women; unsightly, rough, as
a piece of work.
Jobojhoiie lielolfkana. She is monstrously fat.
Jobo(jhoh|menaJ{ge kami. The work is unsightly.
Jobodhon. Slow, sluggish in movement.
Jobo j obo. Drenched, wet, moist, damp.
Jobor. Strong, large, great, rich ; force.
I/i khonem joborgea? Are you greater than I
am?
Jobor alom calaoa. Do not use force.
Uni do khub jobor hor kanae. He is a very
rich man.
Jobori. Violent, forceful, given to us-
ing force.
Joborjos. ~| Violence, oppression; to
Joborjosti. ) oppress, to force.
Joborjosti oho calaolentama. Tou will not be
allowed to oppress.
Alom joborjostia. Do not use violence.
Jobot. To attach property under a
warrant, to sequestrate. C£ jobod,
Jobra. Rubbish, straws, leaves, &c,
lying about the court yard of a
house, litter.
OraK jobraaksntaea. His house is littered
with rubbish.
Jobran. To use force, to oppress.
Jobrankate g?iiko idike^koa. They took away
the cows forcibly,
Jobrani. Force, violence, to employ
force, to oppress.
Jobrani calaokedae. He used force.
Jobrinikedae . He used force .
J6c. Small, insignificant, of no repute.
Am joe cet'em cekaea? You insignificant, what
will you do P
Hakim samahre etalrko do joe. All others are
small when before the magistrate.
Joe mara gidr?,. A little imp.
Joe joc. Wet, dripping, damp.
Joe joo lohofakanae. He is dripping wet.
Jodbodao. To smear, to stain, as a
cloth.
AkoaK sar mayamteko jodbodaoa. They smear
their arrows with blood.
Noakicrid mayamte jodbodaoena. This cloth
is stained with blood.
Losotteye jodbodaoakana. He is besmeared
with mire.
Jodhe. To force oneself on another, to
bore, to be familiar, as a child with
one whom he is at home with.
No ko gidra nui fhenko j odhe baraekana. These
children are very familiar with him (climb-
ing up on his knees, hugging him, &o.)
Ale thene jodheakana. He has attached him-
self to us (doing odd Jobs here and there
and looking for food.)
Jodo. Sluggish, lazy, slow in movement,
and dull in intellect.
Jodo bodo. To be smeared with mud,
to wallow in mire.
Joe
[ 277 ]
Johot
Joe. A good omen, a presage of success
or good fortune.
Sendra a^i joo nthauena. A good omen for
the suooess of the hunt has been obtained.
Bolo torageko goolelcokhan joe uthauKa. If
game is killed at the out-set of a hunt it
presages good fortune during the oontinu-
anoe of the hunt.
Joe hoeena. There is a good omen.
Jog. To conspire, to collude, to act to-
gether to defraud; conspiracy,
collusion.
Noko doko jogakata uni hor liure l?.git. These
people have conspired together to ruin that
man.
Ill do noa jogre bah menaiia. I am not in this
conspiracy.
Jogao. To take care of, to treasure
up, lay by ; to nurse.
Bos jogao. To raise up seed.
Ita ranu bese jogaoakata. He has bept the
medicinal roots safely and well.
Noko ka4a 4anra bese jogaoakat'kotaea. He
has taken great care of hie buffaloes and
oxen.
Jogar. To take care of, to store care-
fully, to lay by.
Tia khon nonkam jogar doholeda? How long
have you had this stored carefully away ?
JomaK ko jogarakawana. They have provided
themselves with food.
Jogaria. Careful, frugal.
Jogariahor kanae. Heis a very careful person.
Jogarsan. \To take care of, to keep
Jogasan. j in good condition, as
weapons.
Bese jogasankeda. He has taken good care of it.
Ceflekajogarsante engattete doholedea. With
how much care he cherished hia mother.
Jogas. Care, solicitude, heed.
Bes jogaste dohokom. Take good care of them.
Jog maiijhi. One of the officials of a
Santal village. He acts as the
censor of the morals of the youths
and maidens of the village, and
also as the assistant of the Marijhi,
or Headman, in all matters in which
the young people under his charge
are concerned.
Jog paranik. One of the officials of a
Santal village. His duty is to assist
the Jog marijhi (q. v.)
Joh. Design, purpose, opportunity.
Cef johem calaK kana ? Joh do menaKgea. What
purpose have you in going ? I have a pur-
pose.
Cei joh oonem hecakana. Tou have some design
in coming.
Oka sen d^r reaK joh bah tahekana. There
was no opportunity to flee in any direction.
Joha. Cheek.
Johae oapoakana. He rests his cheek upon hia
hand,
Johar. Salutation.
So johar. The common salute, made by raising
the palm of the right hand towards the face.
PoboK ]ohar. Bowing down in saluting an
elder person.
Balaea johar. The salutation between those
who stand in the relationship of balaea
(q. v.) to each other.
Bahonhar johar. The salutation between a
woman and her kusband'a elder brother, or
brothers.
Jopohar. Mutual ealution.
Joh johao. To be on the alert, to be in
readiness, to watch for.
Jel thuye l^gi^ johjohaoakanae. He is on the
alert to shoot the deer.
Merom mage l^igi^e johjohaoakana. He is stand-
ing ready to out off the goat's head.
Joho joho. Big-bellied, sluggish in
movement.
Marah utar lad menaStaea joho joho. He has
a great protuberant stomach.
JoSjohok.jUpt^'^'l^'l^'^*^-
HotoK joholi daK menaKa. There is water up
to the neck.
Johok j ohok. Hanging, or reaching fa r
down, as clothes on the person.
JohoK johoK bandeakanae. She is wearing her
sg.ri down to her feet.
JohoK johoK mallae horoKakafa. She is wearing
a necklace which reaches down over her
breast.
Jahga h^bic dhntiakanae johoK johoS. Hia dhoti
reachea down to his feet.
Johol. Tenacious of purpose, persist-
ent, persevering.
Nui hor do joholgeae. This man is persistent.
Joholkedae nui do. He stuck to his purpose.
Johor. I Reaching to the feet as
Johor johor. J clothes.
Johor johore dhutiahana. He wears his dhoti
down to his feet.
Johor johor mitteko calaRkana. They go along
in a band with dhotis reaching to their feet.
Joh5t. Time.
Johot menalSa. There is time.
j5hot. ") Urgency, unremitting, contin-
JohSt. J uous, busy.
Adi johotre menaJia. I am very busy.
K^mire aijiko johotakana. They are unremitt-
ing in their work.
Cei johot lagapatmea? What urgency drivea
youP
AmaK k9.mi ?.4i johotgetama. Your service
is hard, or unremitting.
Joh5t 1 ''^° ^^'^"^ °^ ^^^^ slightly.
Johot idikedako. They brushed against him as
they passed.
Johot tioUkediliae. He brushed against me
slightly.
Johot}
[ 278 ]
Jokhen
Johot; mohol!, To delay, to cause delay
to others who are jDrepared but
have to wait on his account.
Ceka barae kanam johof molioS? What are you
doing causing ua to waste time waiting for
you?
Johot' mohof sat ge bah hoyoKkautaea. His
preparations are not completed.
Johra. Ingredient, to amalgamate, to
unite with.
Noa reals johra babon ^guatat'a. We have not
brought one of the ingredients.
. Noa reaU johra ar bar pe go^ec menaKa. There
are two or three ingredients of this awant-
ing.
AHli tuludem johralfkhan. If you unite with us.
Johrao. To provide, collect necessaries,
to prepare.
Ce{kope johraoakafa, se auria? What have you
provided, or have you still something to get ?
Joj. A cor. of the English judge,
a great man (ironically.)
Am do jojem hoeena? Have you become a great
man?
Jojao. To spend life, to pass existence,
to live.
Adi dine jojaokeda. He lived a long time (his
was a long life.)
Jojao. To prove, to substantiate, to
succeed, to bear fruit.
Noa dom jojao dareaKa? Can you substantiate
this?
Jojna. To bring up an old accusation,
or a matter that has been settled,
to carry tales.
Ce£ am dom jojnaaiSkana? What are you cast-
ing up to me ?
Jojo. Acid, sour; to get the better of
one.
Jojogea. It is acid.
H^n^i jojoena. The liquor has soured.
Jojokgiliji. An icid beveridge used in the hot
weather.
Jojokediliam P Did you get the better of me ?
Jojo dare. The Tamarind tree, Tam-
arindus in elicits, Linn.
Jojogna. To asperse, to bring up old
stories, to carry tales.
CedaKem jojognakana ? Why do you carry tales P
Jojo jhara. Stale cooked rice.
Ceiko emafaeaP Jojo jharageko em baraadiila.
What did they give you ? They gave me stale
cooked rice.
Jojom. Right as opposed to left.
Jojom ti. The right hand, or the hand with
which one eats. Cf . jom.
JojoS sen! ]»isM hand side.
Jojom sec acuroKme. Turn towards the right.
Jojo moroc. Acidulated.
Joj on. Distance, great distance, a
day's journey.
■ Tin?.K jojonem senlena? How many days' jour-
ney did you go ?
Jokh. } Direction.
Nia jokte si idime. Plough in this direction.
Jok. A leech.
Jok. To sweep.
Jonolf. A broom.
'j:rcikt:}T—ep clean.
OraKe jojoKkana. She is sweeping the floor.
Joka. A worm that sometimes infests
the lungs of animals.
Jokar. Younger.
Nui khone jokargea. He is younger than this
one.
Joka sakam. A small trailing plant,
Sida humilis, Willd.
Jokha. To measure.
Lekha jokha emol? hoyoKtama. Tou must give
an account.
Jokha ihgul. To pretend to cut, or slash, with
sword, &c.
Jokha. To find, to get, to meet with.
Bali jokhalena. . I did not meet with anything,
{I got nothing.)
Senlena*], baii jokhalena. I went, but did not
meet him.
Jokha. ]
Jokhac. iTime.
Jokhak.j
Calalf jokha. Time of going.
GujuK jokhac. Time of dying.
Jokha bajao. At the proper time, at the
right moment.
Jokha jukhi. To measure.
Jokha jukhikedape ? Did you make the mea-
surements ?
Jokha jumau. At the proper time, at
the right moment.
Bali jokha jumg-ulena, onateli diriena. I did ,
not go at the right time, for that reason I
am late.
Jokhan. Time. Cf. jokhe6.
Jokha sii. To measure exactly.
Jokha ei^kate sanam khun^iii giriakat'a. I meas-
ured the posts exactly and then cut them.
JokheC. ") rrr
Jokhen. J
Ona jokhed okarem tahekana P Where were you
at that time ?
Jokhom.
t 279 ]
Jomer angra
Jokhom. A wound, to wound.
Jokhon. When.
Nit do ban, jokhoniii oalaKa tokhon noa realf-
lan galmacaoa. Not now, when I go,
we sliall disouss this matter.
then
Joknol Shrivelled and wrinkled as a
very old person.
Joko. Wrinkled, dry.
Rohof jokoena. It is dry and wrinkled.
Bele jokoena. It is over ripe and dry.
Jola. A shallow lake or marsh.
Jol. To light, set fire to, to burn, to
lust.
Met joloK. To bo ■envious.
MeC joloKkantaea. He is enyious.
JoloiEkanae. He is burning with lust.
Boiiga dugur dugure joloKkana. The evil spir-
it is emitting light, (said of a phenom-
enon resembling Will o'the wisp that is
sometimes seen.)
Jola bii. A species of snake inhabit-
ing rivers.
Jola jhadkar. A species of deer.
Jhdan. 1 ^^^* deposited on a field.
Joland. ") Thicket, dense brush-wood
Jholand, J jungle.
Jola pajhar. A species of Marsh Har-
rier.
Jol ghuti baron. To put out of the
enjoyment of all social privileges,
to put out of caste.
Jolha. A Mahomedan weaver.
Jolha denga ghas. A species of grass.
Jolkhot. To shrivel, to contract, as a
fruit when dry.
Eohor jolkhotena. It is dried up.
Jolkol To shrivel, to contract, as a
fruit when dry.
Eeiigeote lao jolkodoSa. The stomach contracts
through hunger.
Job japit. To blink with the eyes, as
one drowsy.
Jolo japiC baraekanae
He is so sleepy, he can-
not keep his eyes open.
Job jolo. To blink, as one very drowsy.
Jolo joloe hehgeteda. He is blinking.
Jolom. To plaster a wattle wall with
clay.
Jolon. To be hot, inflamed, burning
pain, painful.
Jolonedekana. He feels a burning pain.
Jolonia. Plucky, intrepid, mettlesome,
having plenty of nerve.
Joloni^ hoy kanae. He is a plucky fellow.
Jolpan. Any slight repast or lunch-
eon, generally of something that
does not require cooking.
Jol sason. A kind of land tenure.
Jom. To eat, consume, suffer, hear,
accept as true.
Jomalf. Pood.
Duk jom. To suffer.
Jom unum. To give nothing in return.
Chaijwa kora kuripe baplakin khan mSre taka
pon jom unumpe. It you give a spinster in
marriage to a divorced man take a price of
five rupees, and give no return presents.
Jom daka. Dowry of a cow given to a bride by
her father.
Jom daka gidr?.. A child unable to earn any-
thing towards its own support.
Jpmisti. To receive back into caste, or to re-
admit to the enjoyment of social privileges.
Jom jatikedeako. They re-admitted him to so-
cial privileges (after having been deprived
of them for some offence.)
Jom purauK. To have a sufficiency of this
world's goods.
Jom it^t. To leave a portion of food on the
plate, return presents given by a bride's
father to a bridegroom.
Jom sarec. To leave some food over after eating.
Jom reiigec . To eat one up .
Baplareko jom reiigeokedea. He was eaten up
at the marriage (all he had was consumed
by the guests.)
Jom arira hor. One who does nothing but eat.
Jom duar. A place where expense is certain
to be incurred as a Zemindar's kaohahari, a
court of justice, &c.
Jom suk. To possess a sufficiency of the ne-
cessaries of life, to earn money easily, as
by taking bribes, or levying blackmail.
Jom t^anao. To find fault with one's food, or to
drag one to where he will be caused expense.
Cf . jom duar.
Amtegem jomolfa, or, jomogoKa. Tou have
yourself to blame.
Joanme. Partake of food.
ApeaE katha bako joma. They will not accept
your statement.
TJniaK ^her takae jomkeftaea. He received a
considerable amount of money from him in
bribes.
AuriaKe jom giijikeftiria. He caused me much
' needless expen-se.
Enanre jomkem arhom khojkana. Tou have
just eaten and again you are asking.
Joma. \ The amount of yearly rent,
Jama, j rent.
Jomer angra. A person who is good
for nothing save eating.
Jomhem
[ 280 ]
Jopatid
Jomhem. Applied to a man or woman
who has lost several wives or hus-
bands by death.
Nui doe jomhemgea, jawaegeko goo horaKtaea,
Jom her. ") To get old, to live a long
Jom harur. J time in a place.
Niu diniii jom heyena. I have lived bo long.
Jom hudar. One of the angels of death,
or regents of the nether world.
Jom raja. One of the angels of death,
or regents of the nether world,
the other being Jom hudar (q. v.)
Jom sim. A festival observed in honour
of the sun. This festival is not
observed at regular intervals, but
each family strives to observe it
once in a lifetime. Where the
people are well-to-do and so
inclined a period of five years is
allowed to elapse between the
celebrations. The "Jom sim" is
a family sacrifice, and not of the
village or community.
Jom janum. A common thorny bush
yielding an edible fruit, Zizyphus
Jujuba, Lamk.
Jomka jumki. All together, in a body,
unanimously.
Jomka jumbi oalaoKpe. G in a body.
Jomkao. To assemble, to gather to-
gether, all together, in a body ;
straight and well fitted and balan-
ced as an arrow shaft and head ;
to 
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